Informe 4 TRACCIÓN EN ACERO LAMINADO AL CALOR Y ACERO LAMINADO AL FRIO.

UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR  FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIENCIAS FISICAS Y MATEMATICAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL ENSAYO DE MATERIALES 1 INFORME #4 TEMA: TRACCIÓN EN ACERO LAMINADO AL CALOR Y ACERO LAMINADO AL FRIO.

NOMBRE: JARAMILLO FREIRE MARCOS ALEXANDER 

SEMESTRE: 3

PARALELO: 2

FECHA DE REALIZACIÓN:  19/10/2015

FECHA DE ENTREGA: 26/10/2015

DIA Y HORA: LUNES/09H00

SEMESTRE 2015201!

1" INTRODUCCION" El Ac!" # $%& &l&c'(% " c")*'%&c'(% + ,'!!" - c&!*"%" &l!++"! + 005 ,&#& )%"# + $% 2. Al$%&# 4c# "!"# l)%"# + &l&c'(% #c7'c"# &l# c")" l C!")" " N8$l # &!&% c"% !"(#'"# +!)'%&+"#. Y& 8$ l &c!" # *#'c&)% ,'!!" &l&)% !7'%&+" )# + $% 9: #$ 7&*!'c&c'(% c")'%;& c"% l& !+$cc'(% + ,'!!" !"+$cc'(% + &!!&*'" l c$&l # c"%4'! )# &!+ % &c!". El &c!" # $% )&!'&l )$- 4!#'l - &+&&*l l" c$&l # +)$#!& #"*! "+" % #$ !l&'4& 7&c'l'+&+ + c"%7"!)&c'(% &%" % c&l'% c")" % 7!". L&# !"'+&+# + l"# &c!"# $+% #! &+)# &+&&+&# & l&# <'%c'&# + $% c")"%% )+'&% l& &+'c'(% + l)%"# + &l&c'(% - "! #$ #$*#c$% !"c#&)'%". E#&# c&!&c!#'c&# c"%4'!% &l &c!" % $%" + l"# )&!'&l# )# ')"!&%# 4&!'&*l# - &+&&*l#. El ,'!!" $!" # $%" + l"# l)%"# +l &c!" "! l" &%" c"%#'# #"l&)% + $% '" + ")"# %" # %c$%!& l'*! % l& %&$!&l;& -& 8$ 8$)'c&)% !&cc'"%& c"% 7&c'l'+&+ c"% l "<%" +l &'! &!& 7"!)&!  (<'+" + ,'!!" = ,!!$)*!. El ,'!!" 8$ "! # #"l" # $% )&!'&l )$- +>c'l # +c'! l c$&l #""!& !&%+# +7"!)&c'"%# !)&%%# &%# + 8$ # !"+$;c& l& 7&ll& l !"*l)& # 8$ '% $%& !#'#%c'& !l&'4&)% *&?&. @&!& #"l$c'"%&! l !"*l)& + l& !#'#%c'& *&?& +l ,'!!" # );cl& # )&!'&l c"% c&!*"%" l c$&l # $% l)%" + &l& +$!;& - !#'#%c'&. S'% )*&!" #& );cl& &)*'% %!& "!" !"*l)& 8$ )'%!&# )# c&!*"%" # &B&+& &l ,'!!" # !+! l& +$c'l'+&+ + #. El c&!*"%" '%c!)%& %"&*l)% l& c&&c'+&+ +l &c!" + !#'#'! l"# #7$!;"# !" # ')"!&% c"%#'+!&! 8$ "! c&+& 01 + c&!*"%" % l &c!" l& +$c'l'+&+ +'#)'%$- % $% 5 "! #" # ')"!&% c"%!"l&! l c"%%'+" + c&!*"%" % $%& 4&!'ll& + &c!". El &c!" # $% )&!'&l + !&% ')"!&%c'& &!& !#"l4! !"*l)&# + +'#B" + #!$c$!&# #c'&l)% c$&%+" #&# %c#'&% !#'#'! #"l'c'&c'"%# + !&cc'(% # +c'! #")! & l& 4&!'ll& + &c!" & $%& c&!& %"!)&l 8$ '%+ & !"+$c'! $% &l&!&)'%" +l l)%" #7$!;"# &!& l"# c$&l# l&# 4&!'ll&# + &c!" !#"%+% 7&4"!&*l)%. U%& + l&# !"'+&+# )# ')"!&%# +l &c!" # l& !#'#%c'& & l& c"!!"#'(% $% ?)l" + #" # 8$ )$c,"# &c!"# $#&+"# % #!$c$!&# !8$'!% + $%& !#'#%c'& #c7'c& & l& c"!!"#'(% c$&%+" #"# #"% <$#"# & &)*'%# &!#'4"# &!& l" 8$ # %c#&!'" 8$ % l !"c#" + 7$%+'c'(% # '%cl$-&% c")"%%# &+'c'"%&l# #c'&l)% %8$l c"% $%& !""!c'(% %! l 2= + l& &l&c'(% "!" ?)l" # l ,"!)'(% &!)&+" l !"*l)& # 8$ c$&%+" # $'l';&% #!$c$!&# + ,"!)'(% &!)&+" # +'c 8$ l& +$!&*'l'+&+ +l ,"!)'(% # 4 &7c&+& "! l &c!" +*'+" & l& &cc'(% +l c&!*"%" #"*! l ,"!)'(%. El %#&-" + 4&!'ll&# + &c!" #")'+&# & !&cc'(%  !)' +!)'%&! l&# !"'+&+# )c%'c&# + ')"!&%c'& &!& l +'#B" #!$c$!&l c")" #"% l )(+$l" + l&#'c'+&+ l #7$!;" + 7l$%c'& l #7$!;" )<')" c. El )(+$l" + 1

l&#'c'+&+ # $%& !"'+&+ 8$ %" # 4 &7c&+& "! l c"%%'+" + c&!*"%" % l &c!" l c$&l # + &!"<')&+&)% 2,1 × 106 kg / cm 2.

E $%&'( $)*+$,( &+ %$*&+-& # $'l';&+" +%!" + l& l&*"!&c'(% + l"# #$c#'4"# !&+"# " %'4l# +l &c!" %! ll"# "+)"# 4! l"# #'$'%# l &c!" c")!c'&l l &c!" &!& 7$%+'! l &c!" + !&% c&l'+&+ - l &c!" &%" + )+'&%& c")" + &l& !#'#%c'& + l& )'#)& )&%!& %)"# l& *&?& &l&c'(%. E# # !"+$c'+" c&l%&+" - !#'"%&+" "! )+'" + $%"# !"+'ll"# #c'&l# '%+$#!'&l# 8$ '%% c")" "*?'4" )&%'$l&! "+" l &c!" #'$'%+" c'!"# c!'!'"# - #c'7'c&c'"%#. E#" +*'+" & 8$ c$&%+" # %c$%!& c")" )&l c&l%&+" # )# 7c'l + #! !&%#7"!)&+". E $%&'( $)*+$,( &+ .'/( "! l" %!&l # 7&*!'c&+" % &8$l !"c#" % l c$&l l &c!" # %7!'&+" )'%!&# # # l&)'%&%+" % $% #&+" c&l'% 4'&%+" &# "+" '" + %!"ll&)'%"# '%+#&*l# % l"# !#$l&+"# 7'%&l#. El %>)!" + l&# 7"!)&# - l& +')%#'(% +l &c!" l&)'%&+" % 7!" # '%7!'"! &l %>)!" + l&# 7"!)&# - l& +')%#'(% +l &c!" l&)'%&+" % c&l'% #" # +* & 8$ l& !)&%%c'& +l &c!" c&)*'& c$&%+" # $'l';& & $%& )!&$!& &)*'%&l. El !#$l&+" +l )"l+&+" +l &c!" & )!&$!& &)*'%&l # 8$ # %+$!c +"%+ # !c'* $% ')&c" - +#$# )';& & !&?&!# "! l" &%" +* &c$&!# c$&%" &%#. O!& +'7!%c'& %! l &c!" l&)'%&+" % 7!" - % c&l'% # 8$ l &c!" l&)'%&+" % 7!" %" %c#'& #! l')'&+" &!& "*4'&! l& "<'+&c'(% +l )&l.

B**('$./$ F3&+-&: •

•

,//.,'!!"##&%&%+!.c")/,'!!"#G!"%$&!'"/&!c,'4"/0=@RODUCTOS 20@LANOS20LAMINADOS20EN20CALIENTE.+7  ,//.&,)#&.c")/Ac!"/@!"+$c"#/C&GLAMGCALIENTEGAHMSA2012.+7 

2" OBETIVOS" 2"1" O6&-*7( &+&'$: D!)'%&! l&# !"'+&+# )c%'c&# - !!#%&'4&# + $%& )$#!& + &c!" l&)'%&+" &l c&l"! - &c!" l&)'%&+" &l 7!'" l"# c$&l# #% #'%+" #")'+"# & +'7!%# '"# + c&!&#  '%!!&! l"# !#$l&+"# "*%'+"# +l %#&-". 2"2" O6&-*7(8 &89&%/.*%(8: O*#!4&! l c")"!&)'%" 8$ &+8$'!'!"% l"# c$!"# + !$*& &l #! #")'+"# & #7$!;"# + !&cc'(%. E#&*lc! l '" + 7&ll& 8$ $4" c&+& )&!'&l $'l';&+" &!& l& !c'c& &l #!  #")'+&# & l&# +'7!%# c&!&#. •

•

•

2

D!)'%&! l"# 4&l"!# + l"# #7$!;"# - + l&# +7"!)&c'"%# #c7'c&# c"% l"# 4&l"!# "*%'+"# +$!&% l %#&-" + !&cc'(% &!& "+! &%&l';&! l&# !"'+&+# )c%'c&# + l"# )&!'&l#. " E;UIPOS Y MATERIALES •

E;UIPO M8$'%& U%'4!#&l + 30 T"%l&+&#.

APRECIACIÓN

+¿−10 kg

C&l'*!&+"! 

+¿−0.02 mm

D7"!))!" &!& &c!" l&)'%&+" % c&l"!.

+¿−0.01 mm

D7"!))!" &!& &c!" l&)'%&+" % 7!".

+¿−0.01 mm

C")&# + "!c%&?

FOTOGRAFÍA

+¿−1

3

MATERIAL

DIMENCIONES )) a =38.84 @!"*& + &c!" l&)'%&+" % c&l'%. b =6.10

FOTOGRAFÍA

 LM =203.2

@!"*& + &c!" l&)'%&+" % 7!".

 Diámetro =6

 LM =250

4" PROCEDIMIENTO" 1" S !"c+ & ")&! l& !"*& & l& !&cc'(% +l &c!" l&)'%&+" &l c&l"! - +#$# # !'#!&% l"# 4&l"!# + l&# +')%#'"%# + l& !"*& + &c!". 2" S &?$#&% l"# <!)"# &%" #$!'"!  '%7!'"! + l& !"*& &%" &l c&*;&l 7'?" c")" & l& l&c& + *&# + l& )8$'%& + %#&-" !#c'4&)%. " S #$?& 7'!))% l +7"!))!" & l& !"*& + )"+" 8$ #$# ?# c"'%c'+&% l$" # !"c+ c"% l !"c#" + c&!&. 4" E#& !c'c& c"%#& + !# 7&## $%& % l& c$&l l %#&-" #&! +")'%&%+" l& c&!& l& #$%+& #&! +")'%&+" l& +7"!)&c'(% - l& !c!& 7&# #&! +")'%&+" "! l& +7"!)&c'(% % "!c%&?. 5" S !'#!& % 7"!)& c"%'%$& l"# 4&l"!# + l&# c&!&# - +7"!)&c'"%# 8$ c")'%;&% & %!&!# &l &l'c&! l& c&!& + 7"!)& c!c'% l$" !'#!&)"# l&# c&!&# )<')&# - + !$$!&. !" @!"c+)"# & !'!&! l& !"*& !"& + l& )8$'%& "*#!4&! l& $*'c&c'(% - l c&!c! + l& 7!&c$!& - )+'! l"# !&)"# + c&l'*!&c'(%. <" L"# 4&l"!# "*%'+"# !'#!&! % l& !')!& &*l& + +&"# =" @"#!'"!)% #"))"# & l& !&cc'(% +l &c!" c"%7"!)&+" % 7!'" - !'#!&)"# l"# 4&l"!# + l&# +')%#'"%# + l& !"*& + &c!". >" A?$#&! l& !"*& + &c!" & l& )8$'%& $%'4!#&l + %#&-" - c"%'%$&! c"% l&# 7&## c"!!#"%+'%#.

5" TABLAS Y DATOS" 5"1" T'$%%*?+ &+ $%&'( $)*+$,( &+ %$*&+-&: 4

N @

CARGA

DEFORMACIÓ N 

 P

( Kg)

( N )

( mm ) x 10−2

LONG" DE MEDIDA D

REA

LM

(mm )

ESFUERZ O Ϭ = P / A

A



M@& 2

mm

0

0

0

203.2

2

500

905

3

203.2



1000

9:10

5

203.2

4

1500

115



203.2

5

2000

19620

9

203.2

!

2500

2525

11

203.2

<

3000

2930

13

203.2

=

3500

3335

15

203.2

>

000

3920

1:

203.2

10

500

15

20

203.2

11

5000

9050

22

203.2

12

5500

53955

2

203.2

1

6000

5::60

26

203.2

14

6500

6365

2:

203.2

15

000

6:60

32

203.2

236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92 

ϵ = ∆ / LM 

(

mm ) mm <

−4 10



1

DEFOR" ESPECÍFIC A

0

0

20.03

1.6

1.06

2.61

62.109

3.5

:2.:11

.29

103.51

5.13

12.21

6.39:

1.920

.3:2

165.623

:.:5:

1:6.326

9.:3

20.02:

10.:2

22.31

11.:11

2:.3

12.95

269.13

13.:0

2:9.:0

15.: 5

1!

350

2103.5

50

203.2

1<

350

2103.5

100

203.2

1=

30

2299.

150

203.2

1>

330

190.3

200

203.2

20

350

2103.5

250

203.2

21

30

2299.

300

203.2

22

60

31:2.6

350

203.2

2

500

355

00

203.2

24

560

163.6

50

203.2

25

20

533.2

500

203.2

2!

:150

9951.5

600

203.2

2<

::0

:31::.:

00

203.2

2=

:690

:52:.9

:00

203.2

2>

9660

96.6

12.192

6

203.2

9935.3

16.256

:

203.2

0 1 2  4 5

1013 0 102 0 1062 0 103 0 10:0 0 10:2 0

102220. 2 101:2. 2 105261. 3

20.32

10

203.2

2.3:

12

203.2

2:.:

1

203.2

1059:

32.512

16

203.2

1061. 2

36.56

1:

203.2

236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92  236.92 

30.332

2.606

30.332

9.213

305.160

3.:19

303.50

9:.25

30.332

123.031

305.160

1.63:

30:.::6

12.2

310.53

196.:50

313.02

221.5

319.652

26.063

33.56

295.26

351.120

3.::

359.:15

393.01

399.99

600.000

19.0

:00.000

31.

1000.000

39.2:

1200.000

.2:3

100.000

.1:1

1600.000

:.009

1:00.000 6

!

10:2 0

1061. 2

0.6

20

203.2

<

::90

:210.9

6.056

33

203.2

236.92  236.92 

MEDIDAS N@

1 2  4 5 ! < =

:.009

2000.000

36:.09

3300.000

ELONGACIÓN

 Lf

Lo

(mm )

(mm )

31.0: 32.2 39.:: FALLA 31.6 30.05 2:. 2.: 2:

25. 25. 25. 25. 25. 25. 25. 25.

e

22.362 26.2 5.00: 2.56 1:.30 13.150 9.30 10.236

5"2"

N @

T'$%%*?+ &+ $%&'( $)*+$,( &+ .'*(" LONG" DE CARGA DEFORMACIÓN MEDIDAD REA  P LM A  ( Kg)

( N )

( mm ) x 10−

2

(mm )



ESFUERZO Ϭ = P / A

M@& 2

mm

0 200 00 600 :00 1000 1200 100 1600 1590 16:0

0 1962 392 5::6 :: 9:10 112 133 15696 1559.9 16:0.:

0 6 1 22 30 3:  56 106 150 200

250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2

(

mm ) mm < −4



1 2  4 5 ! < = > 10 11

DEFOR" ESPECÍFICA ϵ = ∆ / LM 

10

0 69.392 13:.:3 20:.15 2.566 36.95: 16.39 :5.1 555.132 551.663 5:2.::9

0 2. 5.6 :.: 12 15.2 1:.: 22. 2. 60 :0 7

12 1 14 15 1! 1< 1= 1> 20 21 22 2

110 110 16:0 130 10 130 1690 160 1690 1660 1690 1100

165.1 165.1 16:0.: 1691.3 1069. 1691.3 165:.9 163:2. 165:.9 162:.6 165:.9 1091

250 300 350 00 50 500 550 600 650 00 50 1000

250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2 2:.2

593.29: 593.29: 5:2.::9 600.23 603.0 600.23 5:6.359 59.19 5:6.359 55.950 5:6.359 3:1.65

100 120 10 160 1:0 200 220 20 260 2:0 300 00

!" DIAGRAMAS. !"1" A%&'( $)*+$,( &+ %$*&+-&" E8.3&'( 78" D&.(')$%*?+ &89&%*.*%$"

8

ϭ(MPa) 500 450 400 350 300 f(x) = 19.05x 250 200 150 100 50 0 0

500

1000

1500

2000

R &83)&+ 9'(9*&,$,&8 )&%+*%$8 %$'$%-&'/8-*%$8:

•

•

•

•

 

Ϭ máxima= 448.009 MPa

 

Ϭ fluencia =313.027  MPa

 

Ϭ eslático =289.84 MPa

 

Ϭ rotura =368.097  MPa

2500

3000

3500

•

4

 E=19.084  x 10  MPa

9

!"2" -'$)(8:

P('%&+-$6& &(+$%*?+ 78" N)&'( ,&

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

!"" A%&'( $)*+$,( &+ .'*("

4

 E= 22.374  x 10  MPa

<" CALCULOS TIPICOS"  Esfuerzo ( MPa) : σ = P / A 2

σ =4905  N / 236. 924 mm

R &83)&+ 9'(9*&,$,&8 )&%+*%$8: •

•

•

•

  Ϭ máxima=603.707  MPa

 

Ϭ fluencia =555.132 MPa

 

Ϭ eslático= 485.741 MPa

 

Ϭ rotura =381.654 MPa

10

σ =20.70 M Pa  Deformaciónesecifica ( mm / mm) : ! =∆ / L M  ! =3 x 1 0−2 / 2 0 3 " 2 mm ! =1.48 x 10− 4 mm / mm  Porcenta#es$e $eformación() :

¿ 203,2¿

¿ ∆¿

∆ =203.2∗16 / 100 ∆ =32.512 mm

 Esfuerzomáximo ( MPa ) : σ max= P max / A

σ max =106144.2 N / 236.924 mm ² σmax =448.01 M Pa

 Esfuerzo $e rotura ( MPa) :

σrot=    P / A

11

σrot=   8890 N / 236. 924 mm ² σ r o t=   3 68.09 M Pa

 Mo$ulo $e elastici$a$ :  E= t g % 

 E=19.084  MPa

E+&'/$ &8-*%$ ,& $%&'( $)*+$,( &+ %$*&+-& : &e=

&e=

 Pe∗ ∆ e 2 72103.5 N ∗50∗0.01 m 2∗1000

&e=18.03 ' 

E+&'/$ &8-*%$ ,& $%&'( $)*+$,( &+ .'/(: &e=

&e=

 Pe∗ ∆ e 2 11772 N ∗42∗0.01 m 2∗ 1000

&e=2.47 '   Elongación del acero laminado en caliente:

e=

e=

 Lf − Li ∗100  Li 231.2−203.2 203.2

∗100

12

e =13.77

 Elongación $el acero lamina$o en fr(o:

e=

e=

 Lf − Li ∗100  Li 260−250 250

∗100

e= 4

=" CONCLUSIONES" S $+" +!)'%&! l&# !#c'4&# !"'+&+# )c%'c&# + l& l'%& + &c!" $# &l #! #")'+& & $%& c&!& + !&cc'(% # $+" "*#!4&! c")" l )&!'&l c")%;&*& & 7&ll&! -& 8$ &l &%&l';&! l& c$!4& #7$!;"= +7"!)&c'(% "*#!4&)"# 8$ l &c!" '%+ & %! $% c")"!&)'%" l#'c" =l#'c". @$+')"# +&!%"# c$%& 8$ l &c!" l&)'%&+" % 7!'" '% $%& )%"! !#'#%c'& & l& !&cc'(% 8$ l l&)'%&+" % c&l"! #" #>% l +'&!&)& # $+ 4! 8$ # >l')" '% )# %+'% !""!c'"%&l. E% c$&%" & l& +$c'l'+&+ l &c!" l&)'%&+" % c&l"! '% $%& )&-"! +$c'l'+&+ c"% $% 13 8$ l l&)'%&+" % 7!'" -& 8$ # c$%& c"% $%  + +$c'l'+&+ &)*'% ")&%+" % c$%& 8$ &!& 8$ <'#& +$c'l'+&+ +* #!  &l 5. S 4!'7'c" &+)# 8$ l 4&l"! +l )(+$l" + l&#'c'+&+ +l &c!" l&)'%&+" % 7!'" •

•

•

•

'% $% 4&l"! + +

5

1,9 x 10  MPa

5

2.24  x 10  MPa

 % l c$&l <'# $%& 8$B& +'7!%c'& c"% l )(+$l" +

l&#'c'+&+ +!)'%&+" 8$ # + •

 - l &c!" l&)'%&+" % c&l"! l c$&l '% $% 4&l"! 

5

2.1 x 10  MPa

.

S $+" &!c'&! &+c$&+&)% l c")"!&)'%" +l )&!'&l &%# + l& !$$!& $#  !#%( +7"!)&c'"%# &l '! &$)%&! l& c&!& - + #& )&%!& # $+" +!)'%&! 8$ !& 7!'l &l #$'! &$)%&%+" l& c&!&.

>" RECOMENDACIONES" S +* #$?&! + l& )&%!& )# &+c$&+& & l"# )&!'&l# %'%+"# 8$ 7'?&! 8$ l"# <!)"# + c&+& )&!'&l #&% #$?&+"# c"!!c&)% &!& 8$ l& M&8$'%& U%'4!#&l •

13

•

%" %& %'%>% !"*l)& - 4')"# &cc'+% &l '! &$)%&%+" l& c&!& % l& l'%& + &c!". S +* "%! "+& l& #!'+&+ "#'*l & l& !c'c& +l %#&-" &!& 8$ + #& )&%!& %" ,&-& %'%>% '" + !!"! % l"# %#&-"# + &l )&%!& 8$ # l"! "*%! +&"# 7'&*l# - c"!!c"#. S +* ,&c! $% *$% $#" +l c")# + $%&# #c&# -& 8$ % l #$%+" %#&-" l&# +7"!)&c'"%# # )'+% c"% #.

10" BIBLIOGRAFIA" --9:"$)8$"%()A%&'(P'(,3%-(8C$-JLAMJCALIENTEJAHMSA2012"9,.  --9:"*&''(88$+-$+,&'"%()*&''(8J9'(+-3$'*($'%*7(0<PRODUCTOS K20PLANOSK20LAMINADOSK20ENK20CALIENTE"9,.  --9:"9-(()&("3+$)"):=0=0)3**-8-'&$)$+,&12"24="52"100254=0= MPMC$95F*+$"9,.8&3&+%&= .-9:8(9('-&"38(+")PUBLICO04JINGENIERIAK20CIVILACEROK202T&-( K20L$)*+$,(8K20&+K20F'*(CAPITULO2"PDF

11" ANEOS" 11"1" F(-('$./$8 ,& $ '&$*$%*?+ ,& $ 9'%-*%$" M$-&'*$&8 &+ 9&'.&%-( &8-$,( $+-&8 ,& 8()&-&'(8 $ %$'$8 &-&'+$8: A%&'( $)*+$,( &+ %$*&+-&:

A%&'( $)*+$,( &+ .'*(:

D3'$+-& & &+8$Q(:

14

F(-('$./$8 ,&8938 ,& &+8$Q(: A%&'( $)*+$,( &+ %$('"

A%&'( $)*+$,( &+ .'*(:

R&.&'&+%*$ ,& $ 9'%-*%$ N(')$ INEN:

15

16

17