In House Project Report Pneumatic Jack

Project Report On Title: Pneumatic Jack 

Submitted to

Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering

Amit !ni"er#it

$uided b: Mr% &inaak 'emadri A()*+,-)*-*

Submitted b: Shi"endra $oel

DECELERATION ./ Shivendra Goel / #tudent of 0%Tech 1Mechanical and Automation Engineering2 hereb declare that the project titled 3 Pneumatic Jack 4 5hich i# #ubmitted b me to Department of  Mechanical and Automation engineering/ ASET/ Amit !ni"er#it !ttar Prade#h/ 6oida/ in partial fulfillment of re7uirement for the a5ard of the degree of 0achelor of Technolog in !nder $raduate Programme / ha# not been pre"iou#l formed the ba#i# for the a5ard of an degree/ diploma or Other #imilar title or recognition% The Author atte#t# that permi##ion ha# been obtained for the u#e of an cop righted Material appearing in the Di##ertation 8 Project report other than brief e9cerpt# re7uiring Onl proper ackno5ledgement in #cholarl 5riting and all #uch u#e i# ackno5ledged%

Signature

 6oida

Date

6ame of #tudent and#ignature

CERTIFICATE

Thi# i# to certif that  Shivendra Goel / #tudent of 0%Tech% in 1Mechanical project of  the Term paper enttle ;Pneumatc Jack!  a# a part of <r#t ear programme of  0achelor and Automaton Engneerng2 ha# carred out the 5ork pre#ented n the of Technolog from ASET/ Amt !n"er#t/ 6oda/ !ttar Prade#h under m #uper"#on

Name " #i$nature o% the %acult& Guide Amit& #chool o% en$ineerin$ and technolo$& 'ASET(

AC)NO*LEDGE+ENT

. take thi# opportunit to e9pre## m profound gratitude and deep to m mentor Mr% &inaak 'emadri for hi# e9emplar guidance/ monitoring and con#tant encouragement throughout the cour#e of thi# the#i#% The ble##ing/ help and guidance gi"en b him time to time #hall carr me a long 5a on the journe of life in 5hich . am about to embark% . al#o take thi# opportunit to e9pre## a deep #en#e of gratitude to the mentor for hi# cordial #upport/ "aluable information and guidance/ 5hich helped me in completing thi# ta#k through "ariou# #tage#% =a#tl/ . thank almight/ m parent#/ and friend# for their con#tant encouragement 5ithout 5hich thi# a##ignment 5ould not be completed%

CONTENTS

Topic .ntroduction Penumatic Jack Prime Mo"er Air >ompre##or

Page 6umber ( ) ,

 

INTROD,CTION A hdraulc pre## # a de"ce 1#ee machne pre##2 5hch u#e# a hdraulc clnder to generate compre##"e force% ?t generall u#e# the hdraulc e7u"alent of a mechancal le"er / and # al#o kno5n a# 0ramah pre## named after ann"entor/ Jo#eph 0ramah/ A pneumatc jack # a hdraulc jack1lfter2 that # generall actuated b compre##ed ar  @ for e9ample/ ar from a compre##or @ n#tead of human effort% ?telmnate# the need for  the u#er to actuate the hdraulc mechan#m/ #a"ng the 5ork andncrea#ng the #peed% Sometme#/ the#e jack# are al#ooperated b u#ng normal hdraulc actuaton method/ thereb retanng functonalt/ e"en 5hen the #ourceof compre##ed ar # not a"alable% A jack # a mechancal de"ce u#ed a# lftng de"ce to lft hea" load# or appl great force#% A mechancal jack emplo# a #cre5 thread  for lftng hea" e7upment% The mo#t common form # a car jack/ floor jack or garage jack 5hch help#n lftng the "ehcle# #o that mantenance can be properl performed% Mechancal jack# are u#uall rated for ther ma9mum lftng capact 1for e9ample/ -%+ ton#  or ) ton#2% More  po5erful jack# u#e# hdraulc po5er to pro"de more lft o"er greater d#tance# and can  be rated for "er hea" load#% An ar compre##or # a de"ce that help# n con"ertng po5er 1u#ng an electrc motor/ de#el or ga#olneengne/ etc%2 to potental energ generall #tored n pre##ured ar  1%e%/ compre##ed ar2% 0 oneof #e"eral method#/ an ar compre##or force# more and more ar nto the #torage tank/n turnncrea#ng the pre##ure% Bhen tank pre##ure reache# up tot# upper lmt the ar compre##or #hut# off% The compre##ed ar/ then/ # held n the tank untl t # called nto u#e% Theenerg contaned n the compre##ed ar can  be u#ed for a "aret of applcaton#/ utlng the knetc energ of the ar a# t # relea#ed and the tank depre##ure#% Bhen tank pre##ure reache# t# lo5er lmt/ the ar  compre##or turn# on agan/ re@pre##urng the tank%

PNE,+ATIC JAC) 

Pneumatic clinder# 1#ometime# kno5n a# air clinder#2 are mechanical de"ice# 5hich  produceforce/ often in combination 5ith mo"ement/ and are po5ered b compre##ed ga# 1tpicall air 2% To perform their function/ pneumatic clinder# impart a force b con"erting the potential energof compre##ed ga#intokinetic energ% Thi# i# achie"ed b the compre##ed ga#  being able toe9pand/ 5ithout e9ternal energ input/  5hich it#elf occur# due to the  pre##ure gradient e#tabli#hed b the compre##ed ga# being at a greater  pre##ure  than theatmo#pheric pre##ure% Thi# air e9pan#ion force# a  pi#ton  to mo"ein the de#ired direct.n order to affect mechanical motion/ pneumatic# emplo# compre##ion of ga#e#/  ba#ed on the 5orking principle# of fluid dnamic# in the concept of pre##ure% An e7uipment emploing pneumatic# u#e# an interconnecting #et of component#: a  pneumatic circuit con#i#ting of acti"e component# #uch a# ga# compre##or/ tran#ition line#/ air tank#/ ho#e#/ open atmo#phere/ and pa##i"e component#% >ompre##ed air i# #upplied b the compre##or and i# tran#mitted through a #erie# of ho#e#% Air flo5# are regulated b "al"e# and the pneumatic clinder tran#fer# theenerg pro"ided b the compre##ed ga# to mechanical energ% A#ide from compre##ed air/ inert ga#e# are al#o applied particularl for #elf@contained ##tem#% Pneumatic# i# applied in a 5ide rangein indu#trie#/ e"en in mining and denti#tr% The majorit of indu#trie# u#e ga# pre##ure# of  about C* to -** pound# per #7uareinch% -%

The air u#ed in pneumatic de"ice# i# dried and free from moi#ture #o that it doe# not create an problem to theinternal part# of the ##tem% Moreo"er/ to a"oid corro#i"e action#/ oil or lubricant# are added #o that friction effect# can be reduced% >ompre##ed air i# u#ed in mo#t of the machine# and in #ome ca#e# compre##ed carbon dio9idei# u#ed% A# mo#t of the pneumatic de"ice# are air ba#ed/ the ha"e a le## complicated de#ign and can be madeof ine9pePneumatic actuator# al#o ha"e long life and perform 5ell 5ith negligible maintenance re7uirement throughout their life ccle% (% &er #uitable for po5er tran#mi##ion 5hen di#tanceof tran#mi##ion i# more%

Operation General

Once actuated/ compre##ed air enter# into the tube at oneend of the pi#ton and/ hence/ impart# forceon the pi#ton% >on#e7uentl/ thep#ton become# d#placed 1mo"ed2 b the compre##ed are9pandngn an attempt to reach atmo#pherc pre##ure% Specialized functions

Depending upon thede#ign of the ##tem/ pneumatic clinder# can operatein a "ariet of  5a#% E9ample# ncludeha"ng theablt to perform multple #troke# 5thout the need for ntermedatenter"enton/ to perform a full #troke5thntermedate#toppngpont#/ to  be adju#ted #o a# to control the amount of e9ten#on and8or retractonof thep#ton rod once actuated% Faíl safemechanísms

Pneumatc ##tem# areoften found n#ettng# 5heree"en rare and bref ##tem falure# unacceptable% ?n #uch #tuaton# lock# can #ometme# #er"e a# a #afet mechan#mn ca#eof lo## of  ar #uppl 1or t# pre##urefallng2 and/ thu#/ remedor abate an damagear#ngn #uch a #tuaton% Due to the leakageof ar from 8p or o8p reduce# the  pre##ure and #o thede#redo8p%  Types

Although pneumatcclnder#5ll "ar n appearance/ #e and functon/ the generall fall ntooneof the#pecfccategore# #ho5n belo5% 'o5e"er there are al#o numerou# other tpe# of pneumatcclndera"alable/ man of 5hch arede#gned tofulfll#pecfc and #pecal#edfuncton#% Síngleactíngcylínders

Sngleactngclnder# 1SA>2 u#e the forcemparted b ar to mo"enonedrecton 1u#uall out2/ and a#prng to return to the ;home; po#ton Doubleactíngcylínders

DoubleActng>lnder# 1DA>2 u#e the forceof ar to mo"en both e9tend and retract #troke#% The ha"e t5o port# to allo5 arn/ one for out#troke and one for n#troke% Other types

Although SA># and DA># are the mo#t common tpe# of pneumatcclnder/ thefollo5ng tpe# are not partcularl rare: •

•

Rotar ar clnder#: actuator# that u#e ar tompart a rotar moton Rodle## ar clnder#: actuator# that u#e a mechancal or magnetc couplng tompart force/ tpcall to a tableor other bod that mo"e# along the length of  the clnder bod/ but doe# not e9tend beond t%

Sízes

Arclnder# area"alablen a "aretof #e# and can tpcall range from a #mall (%+mm arclnder/ 5hchmght be u#ed for pckng up a #mall tran##toror other  electronc component/ to ,**mm dameterarclnder#5hch 5ould mpartenough force tolft a car% Somepneumatcclnder# reach -***mm ndameter/ and are u#ed n placeof  hdraulcclnder# for #pecalcrcum#tance# 5hereleaknghdraulcol could mpo#e an e9treme haard% Pressure, radíus, area and forcerelatíonshíps

Although thedameterof thep#ton and the forcee9erted b a clnder are related/ the are not drectlproportonal toone another% Addtonall/ thetpcalmathematcalrelaton#hp  bet5een the t5o a##ume# that thear #uppl doe# not become#aturated% Due to theeffect"ecro## #ectonal area reduced b the area of thep#ton rod/ then#troke force# le## than theout#troke force 5hen both are po5ered pneumatcall and b #ame #uppl of compre##ed ga#% Therelaton#hp/ bet5een forceon out#troke/ pre##ure and radu#/ # a# follo5#:

Bhere: < repre#ent# theforcee9erted r repre#ent# the radu# # p/ appro9matel e7ual to )%-,-+% Th##der"ed from therelaton#hp/ bet5een force/ pre##ure and e%%ectvecro##@#ectonal area/ 5hch#:

Bth the #ame#mbolcnotatonof "arable# a# abo"e/ but al#o A repre#ent# theeffect"e cro## #ectonal area% On n#troke/ the #amerelaton#hp bet5een forcee9erted/ pre##ure and effectíve cross  sectíonal areaapple# a# d#cu##ed abo"e for out#troke% 'o5e"er/ #nce the cro## #ectonal area # le## than thep#ton area therelaton#hp bet5een force/ pre##ure and radíus#dfferent% Thecalculaton#nFt morecomplcated though/ #nce theeffect"e cro## #ectonal area # merel that of thep#ton le## that of thep#ton rod%
Bhere: < repre#ent# theforcee9erted r - repre#ent# the radu# of the p#ton r ( repre#ent# the radu# of the p#ton rod

# p/ appro9matel e7ual to )%-,-+% Pneumatc jack# are le## prec#e than hdraulc jack# becau#e hdraulc ol/ the flud that # u#ed n hdraulc jack#/ # le## compre##ble than ga# and therefore can be controlled more prec#el% Bhat # more/ the hgher compre##blt of ga# decrea#e# the ultmate po5er that a pneumatc jack can pro"de%

Materal range from nckel@plated bra## to alumnum/ and e"en #teel and #tanle## #teel% Dependng on the le"el of load#/ humdt/ temperature/ and #troke length# #pecfed/ the approprate materal ma be #elected%GHI Ar clnder# are a"alablen a "aret of #e# and can tpcall range from a #mall (%+ mm 1-  -* n2 ar clnder/ 5hch mght be u#ed for pckng up a #mall tran##tor or  other electronc component/ to ,** mm 1-H n2 dameter ar clnder# 5hch 5ould mpart enough force to lft a car% Some pneumatc clnder# reach -/*** mm 1) n2 n dameter/ and are u#ed n placeof hdraulc clnder# for #pecal crcum#tance# 5here leakng hdraulc ol could mpo#e an e9treme haard%

PR-+E +O.ER  Prme mo"er# areoften called 3dr"ng e7upment4 becau#e the are the prmar #ource of mechancal energ or po5er% The mechancal energ produced b the  prme mo"er # tran#mtted to another machne or mechan#m/ #uch a# a pump or  ar compre##or/ to do #ome form of u#eful 5ork% Themechan#m/ or lnkage/ that tran#mt# the mechancal po5er de"eloped b the prme mo"er # called thedr"e% Electrc motor# and nternal combu#ton engne# are commonl u#ed a# prme mo"er#% TR?> MOTORSA# prme mo"er#/ electrc motor# rece"eelectrcal energ from #ome e9ternal #ource andtran#form t nto the mechancal energ needed toproduce 5ork% Electrc motor# are ether drect current1dc2 or alternatng current 1ac2% 0ecau#e mo#t of theelectrcal po5er generatng ##tem# that Seabee#  comen contact 5th produce# alternatng current/ onl theac motor 5ll be d#cu##ed% There are man opton# for the ; prme mo"er ; or motor 5hch po5er# the compre##or: •

•

•

ga# turbne# po5er the a9al and centrfugal flo5 compre##or# that are part of  jet engne# #team turbne#or 5ater turbne# are po##ble for large compre##or# electrc motor# are cheap and 7uet for #tatc compre##or#% Small motor# #utable for dome#tc electrcal #upple# u#e#ngle pha#ealternatng current% =arger  motor# can onl be u#ed 5here an ndu#tral electrcal three pha#e alternatng current #uppl # a"alable%

de#el engne#or  petrol engne# are #utable for portable compre##or# and #upport compre##or# u#ed a# #upercharger# from ther o5n crank#haft po5er% The u#ee9hau#t ga# energ to po5er turbocharger#

A-R CO+PRESSOR 

An ar compre##or # the central po5er #ource and our major n"e#tment%Ar  compre##or# area"alablenhor#epo5er#of )8, to +/ or e"en larger/ 5th a "aretof tank  #e# up to C* gallon#% Thecapact and the fre7uenc and duratonof u#e5lldetermne the hor#epo5er and tank #e ouFll need for our o5n project#% A (hp or #maller 5ll be ade7uate for mo#t tank# around the hou#e% Tpcall the#e#eunt#5ll ha"e tank# from K -8( to (* gallon#% >hoo#e an ar compre##or for 7ualt and protect"e feature#% >ertfcaton b ASME@theAmercanSocetof MechancalEngneer#@# theonl guaranteeof 7ualtn5orkman#hp and materal#/ and # a man mea#ureof 7ualt% The ASME label 5ll appear on the tank% All compre##or# do not ha"e ASMEcertfcaton% Onl ASMEcertfed compre##or# can be #old n #ome #tate#% Other feature# that 5ll be found n a 7ualt compre##or nclude: An ASMEcertfed #afet relef "al"e5hch5ll allo5 ar toe#capeautomatcallf   pre##uren the tank #hould e"er e9ceed thema9mum% Th# "al"e5ll ha"e a pull rng attached tot to allo5 ou to check the "al"e to makecertan the "al"e# not clogged or  corroded% An ol le"el #ght gla##/ a tank pre##ure gauge and/ of cour#e/ a pre##ure regulator and gauge aremportant/ a# each tool and job ha# a #pecfc pre##urere7urement% The tank  mantan#ar at ma9mum pre##ure from -** to -(+ pound# of pre##ure per  #7uarench%PS?# the forceof thepre##uredardel"ered to the tool% Project# and tool# ha"e both pre##ure and "olumere7urement#% &olume# mea#ured ncubc feet per  mnute 1>
 AÍR COMPRESSOR 

Th# portable ar compre##or ha# a #mall electrc motor that compre##e# the ar n a #mall attached clnder tank% ?t can be plugged nto a -(& car ##tem for on@the@go repar# or nflaton% ?tF# deal for car and bccle tre#/ #port# ball#/ arbed# and nflatable to#/ etc% 0ecau#et can be po5ered through a cgarette lghter n our "ehcle/ t # ncredbl "er#atle and a lfe#a"er n #omen#tance#%

S/ec%caton#0 Ma9mum Pre##ure: )** PS? Packge Beght:+C+g 8 -%)pound#PackgeSe: -H%+ L C%+ L -(%+cm/ tem 1e$ht 2 3456

REFERENCES

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