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Helpful ways to help the body’s natural immune system do a superb job of helping fight disease-causing germs. However, as good as the system is, it can fail at times, allowing germs to invade and cause illness.
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Biology IMMUNOLOGY
Definitions
Immunity : In biology, immunity is the state of having having sufficient sufficient biologic biological al defences defences to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. (wikipedia) Immune system: The immune system, which is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs, defends people against germs and microorganisms http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html)) every day. (http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html
Review: Blood cells Components
Description
Functions
Red Blood cells (Erythrocytes)
Biconcave Biconc ave dis discc No nucleus
Transp Transport ort oxygen oxygen
White Blood cells 1. Phagocytes
1. Lobed Lobed shaped shaped wit with h nucleus
1. Engu Engulf lf and and dige digest st bacteria
2. Lymph mphocytes
2. Round shape with nuclues
2. Produce antibod bodies
Platelets
Cell fragments
Clot blood
Plasma
Mostly water (90%)
Transport dissolved substances
Phagocytes
Lymphocyte
Red Blood Cells
The immune system protects the body against the following
Defintions
Antigen :An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.
Antibodies: An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Source: (www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002224.htm (www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002224.htm )
How antibodies work
Antibodies circulate in blood blood If they detect antigens they recognize, they bind to them They can they cause: -Pathogens to stick together -Allow t-cells to destroy antigen -Or neutralize toxins that pathogens produced
Antibody production after acquisition of active immunity
Slow buildup of Ab. Pathogen cause disease Large amounts of Ab. made immediately . Pathogen is destroyed before it causes disease.
NB. After first infection with pathogen (naturally or by vaccine), the lymphocytes learn to make specific antibodies. The next time the antigen (from (fr om pathogen) enters the body, specific antibodies are made immediately
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is composed of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and organs. The functions of this system include the absorption of excess fluid and its it s return to the blood stream, absorption of fat (in the villi of the small intestine ) and the immune system function. Lymph organs include the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen
Lymphatic system
The spleen serves as a reservoir for blood, and filters or purifies the blood. If the spleen is damaged or removed, the individual is more susceptible to infections. Bone marrow contains tissue that produces lymphocytes Lymph nodes are areas of concentrated lymphocytes and macrophages (type of phagocyte)
Check my blog for copies of this presentation: presentat ion: http://biologyforcsec.blogspot.com/
Quote from Edward Jenner
I hope that some day the practice of producing cowpox in human beings will spread over the world when that day comes, there will will be no more smallpox smallpox -Edward Jenner (1749-1823) FACT: Smallpox was eradicated in 1980
