Ib Music HL Revision

IB MUSIC HL REVISION Baroque

Genres: Concerto Grosso composition for several instrumental soloists and small orcestra! orcestra! common in late "aroque music Ritornello Form compositional form usuall# emplo#ed in "aroque concerto $rosso! in %ic te tutti pla#s a ritornello &repeated section of music usuall# pla#ed "# full orcestra'! alternatin$ one or more soloists pla#in$ ne% material Fugue  pol#ponic composition "ased on one main teme or su"(ect) four principal %a#s* Inversion + su"(ect move up%ards! inversion move do%n%ards same distance Retro$rade + "e$innin$ %it last note of su"(ect and proceed "ac,%ard to -rst .u$mentation + ori$inal time values len$tened /iminution + sorten time values Opera  drama tat is sun$ to orcestral orcestral accompaniment! usuall# lar$e0scale composition emplo#in$ vocal soloists! corus! orcestra! costumes! and scener#1 Man# t#pes of opera* .ria + solo voice %it orcestral accompaniment Recitative + a vocal line imitates r#tms and •

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Musical Features: Rhythm + re$ular! consistent! stron$ Dynamics + terraced d#namics + can$e suddenl# rater tan $raduall# Tone colour + "asso continuo Melody and harmony + diatonic armon#) melod# often comple2 and not eas# to remem"er Texture + predominantl# pol#ponic! imitation! "ass line provides armonic foundation of te music) ornamentation •

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Composers:  3oann Se"astian Bac Henr# 4urcell 5eor$e 6rideric Handel Claudio Monterver i .rcan$elo Corelli •

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pitc 7uctuations of speec Ensem"le + tree or more sin$ers involved Corus + ma,es comments on action Baroque Suite  suites are dance0inspired movements! usuall# in t%o0part form + ..BB1 Section . starts in tonic ,e#! modulates to dominant ,e#) Section B starts in dominant ,e#! modulates "ac, to tonic ,e# Chorale  #mn tune sun$ to a 5erman reli$ious te2t! eas# to sin$ and remem"er! onl# one note to a s#lla"le and move in stead# r#tm Church Cantata  cantata meant a piece sun$! di8er from sonata! %ic meant a piece pla#ed Oratorio  lar$e scale composition for corus! vocal soloists! and orcestra) set to narrative te2t! "ut no actin$! scener# or costumes1 Most are "ased on "i"lical stories •

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Classic al

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Genres* Sonata 6orm  te form of a sin$le movement) tree main sections* E2position + temes are presented /evelopment + temes are treated in ne% %a#s Recapitulation + temes return Coda + concludin$ section! often follo%s recapitulation  9emes and Variations  form in %ic a "asic musical idea is •

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Musical Features* R#tm + numerous patterns to provide variet# and contrast) can$e suddenl# or $raduall# /#namics + can$e $raduall# or suddenl#  9one colour + %ind and "rass instruments provide contrasts of tim"re Melod# and armon# + melodies are tuneful and easil# remem"ered! •

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Composers* :olf$an$ .madeus Mo;art Lud%i$ va Beetove  3osep Ha#dn •

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repeated over and over and is can$ed eac time in melod#! r#tm! armon#! d#namics! or tone colour Minuet and 9rio compositional form derived from a dance) tree parts* minuet &.'! trio &B'! minuet &.') often used in tird movement of classical s#mpon# Rondo  compositional form featurin$ main teme &.' tat returns several times in alternation %it oter temes! suc as .B.C. and .B.C.B.) often te form of last movement in classical s#mpon# and sonata Classical S#mpon#  an e2tended! am"itious composition lastin$ "et%een <= to >? minutes) sequence is* &@' vi$orous! dramatic fast movement &<' l#rical slo% movement &A' dance li,e movement &>' "rilliant or eroic fast movement Classical Concerto  tree0 movement %or, for instrumental soloists and orcestra) tree movements* &@' fast! &<' slo%! &A' fast Cam"er Music  desi$ned for intimate settin$ of a room in a ome or palace! rater tan pu"lic concert all) performed "# small $roup of t%o to nine musicians) most important is strin$ quartet Genres*  9e .rt Son$  composition for solo voice and piano) settin$ of a poem! translatin$ poems •

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armonies "ase on ma(or or minor scales  9e2ture + predominantl# omoponic) 7uctuations occur to provide contrast

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Romant ic

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Musical Features* R#tm + e2tremel# diverse! tempo are 7e2i"le and ma# can$e •

Composers* 6ran; Su"ert 6rederic •

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mood and ima$er# into music Stropic form  repeatin$ same music for eac stan;a of te poem  9rou$0composed form  %ritin$ ne% music for eac stan;a Son$ c#cle  $roup of art son$s uni-ed "# stor# line tat runs trou$ poems! or musical ideas lin,in$ te son$s 4ro$ram music  instrumental music associated %it a stor#! poem! idea! or scene Nationalism  inclusion of fol, son$s! dances! le$ends! and oter national material to associate %it composers omeland •

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!th century

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Genre: Impressionism  musical st#le %ic stresses tone colour! atmospere! and 7uidit#! t#pical of /e"uss# E2pressionism  musical st#le stressin$ intense! su"(ective emotion and ars dissonance! t#pical of 5erman and .ustrian music Neoclassicism  musical st#le mar,ed "# emotional restraint! "alance and clarit#! inspired "# forms and st#listic features of @ t centur# music Serialism  composin$ tat uses ordered $roup of musical elements to or$ani;e r#tm! d#namics! tone colour! as %ell as pitc! •

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frequentl# /#namics + can$e suddenl# or $raduall#! %ide ran$e  9one colour + %ide ran$e of e2pressive tone colour) orcestra increased in si;e Melod# and armon# + lon$! comple2! i$l# e2pressive) cromatic armon#) %ider ran$e of ,e#s and frequent modulations  9e2ture + $enerall# omoponic) piece ma# sift from one te2ture to anoter 6orm + ne% forms and $enres %ere developed) s#mponies are lon$er tan tose of classical era Musical "eatures:  9one colour + more important element of music) noiseli,e and percussive sounds used more often) less empasis on "lended sound Melod# and armon# + no lon$er tied to cords! ma(or or minor ,e#s! unpredicta"le) consonance and dissonance a"andoned) ne% cord structures and alternatives e2plored R#tm + most stri,in$ element! $enerate po%er! drive •

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Copin 4eter  9cai,ovs  3oannes Brams Ricard :a$ner 5ustav Maler

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Composers: Claude /e"uss# I$or Stravins,# .rnold Scoen"e $ 5eor$e 5ers%in •

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developed in mid0<= t centur#

and e2citement) irre$ularit# and unpredicta"ilit#! rapid can$in$ meters! pol#r#tms! and ostinatos featured