Reservoir Home work 2 solutionsDescripción completa
MAE108 Homework 2 Solutions - Spring 2015 April 19, 2015 Problem 2.7 Define • D1 = the event that the first weld is defective • D2 = the event that the second weld is defective • D3 = …Full description
一天就有 2~4 公升的水分留在組織間。這些留在組織間的液體就滲入微淋巴 管，再匯入大淋巴管運送，最後進入主要淋巴管 (胸管或右淋巴幹)，然後匯入鎖 骨下靜脈，再回到血液循環中。所以如果淋巴阻塞或淋巴循環不良，則易造成 組織水腫。 Source:http://higheredbcs. Source:http://higheredbcs.wiley wiley.com/legacy/ .com/legacy/college/tortor college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_il a/0470565101/hearthis_il l/pap13e_ch21_illustr_audio_mp3_am/ l/pap13e_ch21_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear simulations/hear/capillary /capillary.html .html Malignant solid tumors generally have a higher interstitial interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) than normal tissues. Tumor tissues develop interstitial hypertension hypertension because they show high resistance to blood flow, low resistance to transcapillary fluid flow, and impaired lymphatic drainage. The microvascular hydrostatic hydrostatic pressure is the principal driving force for the elevated IFP of tumors. Fluid is forced from the microvasculature into the interstitium where it accumulates, distends the extracellular matrix, and causes interstitial hypertension. A pseudostable state is established with uniformly elevated IFP throughout the tumor tissue except close to the surface, where the IFP drops steeply to normal tissue values. Because of the steep IFP gradient at the tumor surface, fluid oozes out from the tumor tissue into the surrounding normal tissue, where it is collected by functional lymphatics. Source: http://cancerres.aac http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cont rjournals.org/content/72/19/4899 ent/72/19/4899 Tumors generate physical forces during growth and progression. These physical forces are able to compress blood and lymphatic vessels, reducing perfusion rates
and creating hypoxia. When exerted directly on cancer cells, they can increase their invasive and metastatic potential. Tumor vessels - while nourishing the tumor - are usually leaky and tortuous, which further decreases perfusion. Hypo -perfusion and hypoxia contribute to immune-evasion, promote malignant progression and metastasis, and reduce the efficacy of a number of therapies, including radiation. In parallel, vessel leakiness together with vessel compression cause a uniformly elevated interstitial fluid pressure that hinders delivery of blood-borne therapeutic agents, lowering the efficacy of chemo- and nano-therapies. In addition, shear stresses exerted by flowing blood and interstitial fluid modulate the behavior of cancer and a variety of host cells. Taming these physical forces can improve therapeutic outcomes in many cancers. Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109025/
