;
BXDXGJKG @KGX\OK MHGJKG KEK@>
VKGMKGJKG JHAJTKIO EOGJCXGJKG BOMXV @KGX\OK
@kckekb Jhajrkio Dumkyk & Vaeotoc
Mosusug Aehb CHEA@VAC O
Aswkem \otkgjjkgj
GO@> <;;<<<;648
NXTX\KG VHGMOMOCKG JHAJTKIO IKCXE]K\ OE@X \A\OKE XGOYHT\O]K\ GHJHTO @HMKG 46;=
4
DKD O VHGMKBXEXKG
@kgusok bomup mkek` eogjcugjkg mkg `hekcuckg ogthrkcso mhgjkg ca`paghg “ ca`paghg ykgj kmk mo eogjcugjkggyk. Ogthrkcso thrshdut mkpkt thrnkmo mhgjkg ca`paghg doatoc `kupug kdoatoc shrtk sasoke “ dumkyk. Vkmk kwkegyk ogthrkcso kgtkrk `kgusok mhgjkg eogjcugjkggyk dhrnkekg shlkrk shrkso, shekrks, mkg sho`dkgj. Gk`ug, dhekckgjkg ogo budugjkg thrshdut dhrnkekg shlkrk tomkc
sho`dkgj.
@kgusok
mhgjkg
ch`k`pukg
oe`u
phgjhtkbukg
mkg
thcgaeajogyk ehdob dhrsoikt hcspeaotktoi thrbkmkp kek`, shbogjjk `uglue dhrdkjko `kskekb eogjcugjkg. Ogthrkcso ktku budugjkg kgtkrk `kgusok mhgjkg kek` sumkb thrnkeog shnkc rodukg tkbug ykgj ekeu. Vkmk kwkegyk phrkmkdkg `kgusok dhrtkbkg mhgjkg phgju`pue-dhrduru, ch`umokg moekgnutckg mhgjkg phrekmkgjkg-phrchdugkg, shthrusgyk mhgjkg phthrgkckg. \hthekb otu dhrch`dkgj phrtkgokg ogthgsoi, mkg strkthjo ykgj thrkcbor kmkekb mhgjkg lkrk chbomupkg ogmustro. \trkthjo phrekmkgjkg-phchdugkg shrogj mokgjjkp shdkjko kwke mkro phrkmkdkg, ckrhgk `kgusok `ueko `hgkgmko woekykb ykgj mopkcko mkg mo`oeoco dkjo chekgjsugjkg bomupgyk. @kgusok tomkc `hrudkb dhgtkgj kek` (eogjcugjkg) mo tkbkp dhrduru`hrk`u, gk`ug `ueko `hrudkb mkek` sckek chloe mo tkbkp phrekmkgjkg, shrtk phthrgkckg. Vkmk dhgtuc strkthjo kmkptkso chmuk phrudkbkg dhgtkgj kek` shmocot thrnkmo mkg kmk chthrdktkskg aehb `uso`
<
DKD OO BXDXGJKG @KGX\OK MHGJKG KEK@
Budugjkg `kgusok mkg kek` sh`hstk `hrupkckg sktu chsktukg ykgj tomkc mkpkt moposkbckg sktu sk`k ekog. @kgusok shdkjko `kcbeuc bomup thgtu ugtuc `h`phrtkbkgckg bomupgyk pkstoekb `h`dutubckg kek` sh`hstk shdkjko th`pkt ugtuc bomup. Kckg thtkpo mosk`pogj otu kek` sh`hs tk kckg mkpkt thrnk`og chekgjsugjkg mkg chehstkrokggyk skgjkt thrjkgtugj pkmk `kgusok. Mkek` cagthcs oe`u kek` ogoekb ykgj moshdut mhgjkg so`doasos `utukeos`h dkbwk kgtkrk `kgusok mkg kek` sh`hstk `h`oeoco chthrjkgtugjkg sktu sk`k ekog. Vkmk mkskrgyk `kgusok mhgjkg sheurub pathgso ykgj mo`oeocogyk skgjkt `h`kbk`o dkbwk morogyk kmkekb sktu-sktugyk `kcbeuc ykgj dhrtkgjjugj nkwkd thrbkmkp chehstkrokg kek` sh`hstk. Nock `hgladk `hgheusuro shlkrk ehdob nkub, `kck pkmk mkskrgyk budugjkg `kgusok mhgjkg kek` sh`hstk mkpkt modkjo ch mkek` muk dkjokg ykotu budugjkg bostaros mkg budugjkg iugjsoagke.
Budugjkg Bostaros @kgusok mkg Kek` \h`hstk
Vh`dolkrkkg thgtkgj budugjkg budugjkg bostaros @kgusok mkg kek` sh`hstk thgtu mkpkt mo`ueko mkro phgheusurkg thrbkmkp kske `ukske `kgusok shdkjko dkjokg mkro kek` sh`hstk ogo. Kske usue `kgusok mockotckg mhgjkg chdhrkmkkg kek` sh`hstk `hrupkckg tapoc `hgkroc. Ckpkgckb `kgusok phrtk`k bkmor mo`uck du`o ogo1 @kcbeuc kpkckb ykgj `hgnkmo `hgnkmo ghghc `aykgj `kgusok mkg dkjko`kgk prashs phgurugkg mkg phrudkbkg-phrudkbkggyk1 phrudkbkg-phrudkbkggyk1
=
Oe`u Vhgjhtkbukg `kgusok sumkb `hgladk ugtuc `h`dhrockg nkwkdkg oe`okb thgtkgj kske usue `kgusok otu ykgj mokwkeo mhgjkg tharo hvaeuso Mkrwog ykgj `hscopug pkmk kcborgyk th`ukg ogo mokgjjkp shdkjko chso`puekg ykgj shrk`pkgjkg mkg `hgjkdurckg ikctk. \hphrto th`ukg Tk`kpotbhlus ykgj dhrusok ;8 nutk tkbug mkg Arhapotbhlus ykgj dhrusok ;4 nutk tkbug, Kustrkeapotbhlus ykgj bomup cork-cork pkmk = nutk sk`pko 966.666 tkbug ykgj ekeu, Votbhlkgtbrapus Hrhltus ykgj bomup shcotkr 866.666 tkbug ykgj ekeu, Gkgmhrtbke ykgj bomup shcotkr ;.666.666-866.666 ;.666.666-866.666 tkbug ykgj ekeu. Kckg thtkpo th`ukg ogo `ksob `h`uglueckg tkgmk tkgyk pkrk kbeo kpkckb `kgusok ykgj mo chgke shdkjko `kgusok `amhrg shphrto shckrkgj ogo `hrupkckg kcodkt mkro prashs hvaeuso. Chshgnkgjkg ducto-ducto oe`okb thekb `heh`kbckg bopathsos dkbwk `kgusok kmkekb phrch`dkgjkg ehdob ekgnut mkro cheukrjk protk`k. Nuck pug kmk pkmk suktku bkro `ugjcog moth`uckg ducto par`uek ykgj `hgjbudugjckg `kgusok mhgjkg ghghc `aykgj bhwkg, `kck bke otu kmkekb `hrupkckg ea`pktkg ykgj eukr doksk pkmk phrtk`dkbkg ogiar`kso jhghtol. Bkgyk mhgjkg ea`pktkg thrshdut thrdhgtuc suktu chturugkg mhgjkg loro-loro `kgusokwo ykgj `hgjkgmugj ch`ugjcogkg-ch`ugjcogkg hvaeuso `hghnu dhgtuc ba`a skpohgs. skpohgs. Kckg thtkpo shsugjjubgyk mkro bksoe thrshdut mkpkt mo`kcgko dkbwk shpkgnkgj shnkrkb `kgusok sk`pko shckrkgj chthrckotkg mhgjkg eogjcugjkg kek` sh`hstk skgjkt togjjo.
8
Budugjkg Iugjsoagke @kgusok mkg Kek` \h`hstk
Dkjko`kgkpug prashs phgloptkkg `kgusok kmkekb dkjokg ogthjrke mkro kek` sh`hstk. ]haro Las`azak ykgj `hgyktkckg dkbwk `kgusok dhrkske mkro eukr kgjcksk, chgyktkkggyk curkgj `hgmkpkt th`pkt th`pkt mockekgjkg oe`ukg. Ducto-ducto oe`okb ykgj `h`phrcukt bke otu pug lucup cukt. \hdkeocgyk ph`dkbkskg sh`kcog `hgjkrkbckg dkbwk dkbkg dkcu `kgusok dhrkske mkro du`o th`pkt `kgusok otu shgmoro dhrponkc. Mkek` sosth` cas`as `kgusok mkg kek` sh`hstk `hrupkckg sktu chsktukg ykgj tkc thrposkbckg. Ckrhgk `h`oeoco chugjjuekg mkek` sosth` chskmkrkg `kck kek` sh`hstk `hrupkckg shdukb adnhc ykgj skgjkt phgtogj mkek` chbomupkg `kgusok tognkukg `kgusok thgtkgj kek`
`hgmhcktckg `kgusok chpkmk chpkmk tktk ekcu phgloptkkggyk phgloptkkggyk mkg mhgjkg mhgjkg
mh`ocokg `h`phrtknk` phrshpso dktog `kgusok ugtuc `hgmkpktckg suktu phgjeobktkg ykgj ehdob mkek` `hgjhgko otu. Vhgjhtkbukg `hgjhgko kek` kckg `hgk`dkb chcuktkg `kgusok `hgjktkso kek` mkg `h`dhrogyk pkgmkgjkg tatke tkc dhrbogjjk ykgj thekb molkro aehb ioeskikt thtkpo tkc momkpkt. Vhgjeobktkg thrbkmkp bkcockt tkgpk chcuktkg ugtuc `hekcuckggyk kckg mkpkt `h`dhrockg phgogjcktkg `arke thtkpo tomkc kckg mkpkt `h`dhrockg phgogjcktkg chdumkykkg ykgj kdkmo. \hdkeocgyk, chcuktkg tkgpk phgjheobktkg lhgmhrugj ugtuc `hgnkmo mhstructoi mkg mkg tkc dhrphroch`kgusokkg. Chmukgyk bkrus mojkdugjckg kjkr supkyk phreukskg rabkgokb ch`kgusokkg mkpkt threkcskgk.
9
Ch`knukg phgjhtkbukg thrbkmkp kek` mkek` pasoso shdkjko su`dhr chbomupkg ykgj tokmk dktksgyk. @kck wknkrekb nock sh`kcog mkek` phgjhtkbukg sh`kcog thrksk budugk skeogj chthrjkgtugjkg kgtkrk `kgusok mkg kek` sh`hstk ogo. @kgusok tugmuc mkek` bucu`-bucu` kek` iosoc mkg tkc `k`pu `hgudkbgyk, kckg thtkpo `k`pu `hgjktksogyk. Ok mkpkt `hgjk`doe nkrkc shckeojus `hgnkmo dkjokg mkro kek`. Gk`ug chbkr`agoskg tomkc shgkgtoksk `hgjbokso budugjkg kgtkrk `kgusok mhgjkg kek` sh`hstk. Vkmk suktu skkt, tktckek chbomupkggyk `ksob skgjkt shmhrbkgk, ogstogj-ogstogj `kgusok dhrnkekg dhrshsukokg mhgjkg soikt-soikt bucu` kek`. @kgusok bomup mojuk-juk, dhrduru mhgjkg ckpkc mkg pkgkb dktu shrtk `h`kckg `kckgkg ykgj kek`okb. ]htkpo phrch`dkgjkg phgjhtkbukg `kgusok mkek` `hrhspags dhrdkjko chsueotkg ykgj thrckot mhgjkg phgyhsukokg moro mhgjkg kek` pkmk kcborgyk `h`dukbckg crhkso-crhkso
`hgjugjjueo
―
‐
soikt-soikt kek`. Hcspeaotkso thrbkmkp kek` `hruskc chsho`dkgjkg budugjkg ykgj thekb dhrekgjsugj dhr`oeykr-`oeykr tkbug. Crosos jeadke eogjcugjkg `hgjjkgjju budugjkg kgtkrk `kgusok mkg kek` pkmk skkt ogo. Mkek` ckotkggyk mhgjkg budugjkg `kgusok mhgjkg kek`, thrmkpkt dhdhrkpk pkbk` ykgj `hgnheksckg bkchckt mkro budugjkg budugjkg thrshdut, ykotu> ;. Vkbk` Mhthr`ogos`h
Vkbk` ogo `hgjh`uckckg dkbwk sh`uk chbomupkg mkg kctovotks `kgusok mophgjkrubo mkg thrjkgtugj pkmk ph`dhrokg kek` mo shcotkrgyk. @kgusok lhgmhrugj pksoi mkek` `hgjbkmkpo tkgtkgjkg kek`, rhspag thrbkmkp kek` bkgyk dhrupk rhspag `hghro`k kpk kmkgyk. Mhgjkg cktk ekog `kgusok tomkc mkpkt `hghgtuckg bomupgyk shgmoro. Bke ogo mkpkt moeobkt mkro `ktk
:
phglkbkrokg, togjckb ekcu, chdokskkg, shrtk chdumkykkg `kgusok pkmk eogjcugjkg thrthgtu. Dhrocut ogo dhdhrkpk phgmucugj iosos mhthr`ogos`h> k. Lbkrehs Mkrwog (;26? “ ;224) ;224)
Lbkrehs Mkrwog kmkekb sharkgj gkturkeos mkro Ogjjros ykgj tharo-tharogyk skgjkt cagtravhrsoke mo domkgj oe`u phgjhtkbukg mhgjkg ]haro Hvaeuso Mkrwog-gyk. ]harogyk `hgjktkckg dkbwk sh`uk `kcbeuc bomup mkrko wkctu
ch
wkctu
shlkrk
dhrchsogk`dugjkg
kckg
`hgjkek`o
phrch`dkgjkg. \htokp phrudkbkg ykgj thrnkmo pkmk `aiaeajo, iosoaeajo, mkg phroekcu `kcbeuc bomup shdkjko rhspag mkro phrudkbkg kek` eogjcugjkggyk. Vhrnukgjkg bomup (strujjeh iar eoih) pkmk `kcbeuc bomup `hrupkckg dkjokg ykgj phgtogj nujk mkek` `hgkgjjkpo phrudkbkg kek` eogjcugjkggyk. Bkgyk ogmovomu ykgj cuktekb ykgj `k`pu dhrtkbkg bomup mkro chjkgkskg kek` eogjcugjkg. Ma`ogkso eogjcugjkg pkmk `kcbeuc bomup threobkt skgjkt nheks mkg shphrtogyk `kcbeuc bomup tomkc dosk ehpks mkro phgjkrkub kek` thrshdut.
d. Heeswartb Bugtogjtag
Heeswartb Bugtogjtag `hrupkckg jhajrki mkro K`hrock \hrockt mkg `hrupkckg
skekb
sharkgj
mkro
mhthr`ogos`h
oceo`.
Mkek`
ducugyk proglopeh ducugyk proglopeh ai Bu`kg Jhajrkpby, Jhajrkpby, mok `hgjktkckg dkbwk oceo` skgjkt `h`phgjkrubo paek chdumkykkg `ksykrkckt. Oceo` mo mugok ogo `h`oeoco vkrokso ykgj dkgykc, shbogjjk vkrokso chdumkykkg ykgj momucugj aehb `kgusok nujk skgjkt dhrkghck rkjk`. Dhgtuc dkgjugkg, shgo, kjk`k, ph`hrogtkbkg skgjkt mothgtuckg aehb oceo`. \hdkjko lagtab
2
arkgj Hsco`a kckg `h`dkgjug ojeaykgj ojeaykgj thrdukt mkro hs ykgj mochrksckg. Ktkp ru`kb ykgj modkgjug aehb arkgj jurug pksor kckg lhgmhrugj modukt rktk, mkg ogo dhrdhmk mhgjkg ktk p ru`kb ykgj modkgjug aehb arkgj-arkgj Hrapk modukt shruglogj `ugjcog.
l. Irohmhrolb Tktzhe (;2== “ ;?6=) ;?6=)
Irohmhrolb
Tktzhe
`hrupkckg
jhajrki
Nhr`kg
mhgjkg
tharo
Kgtbrapajhajrkpboh-gyk. Kgtbrapajhajrkpboh-gyk. Mkek` tharogyk moshdutckg dkbwk `hscopug `kgusok `hrupkckg `kcbeuc ykgj mogk`os, gk`ug paek-paek phrjhrkckg mkg `adoeotksgyk thtkp modktkso aehb kek`. @kgusok shdkjko phgmucugj chdumkykkg dhrchlhgmhrugjkg `h`dhgtuc ugsur-ugsurgyk shdkjko rhspag mkro kpk ykgj thekb modhrockg aehb kek` eogjcugjkggyk. Kek` mkek` `h`phgjkrubo `kgusok mkpkt moeobkt mkro muk shjo, ykotu> \hlkrk Vasto Vasto i >
Lagtab> Dkgykcgyk phpabagkg ykj kmk mo mugok ogo skgjkt dhrjugk dkjo `kgusok. Ckrhgk pabag dhrjugk ugtuc `h`iatasogthsos LA4 `hgnkmo A4, shbogjjk `kgusok mkpkt dhrgkiks mkg dhrtkbkg bomup, ckrhgk `kgusok `h`hreuckg A4 ugtuc prashs acsomkso mkek` tudub .
?
\hlkrk Ghjktoi Ghjktoi >
Lagtab mkro phgjkrub kek` shlkrk ghjktoi kmkekb thrnkmogyk dhglkgk kek` ykgj mkpkt `hghekg cardkg, shphrto lagtab jh`pk du`o, jugugj `hehtus, tsugk`o mkg ekoggyk. Dhglkgk kek` shphrto otu `hrupkckg bke ykgj tomkc dosk cotk mujk. Kcodkt mkro dhglkgk kek` ogo mkpkt `hgyhdkdckg chrujokg dkjo `kgusok, dkbckg mkpkt `hgo`dueckg cardkg nowk
4. Vkbk` Iosos Vasodoeos`h
Vkbk` ogo `hgjktkckg dkbwk `kgusok kmkekb `kcbeuc ykgj dhrkcke. Mhgjkg ch`k`pukg kckegyk otu `kgusok `k`pu `hrhspag kpk ykgj modhrockg aehb kek`. Vkmk pkbk` ogo nujk moshdutckg dkbwk kek` tomkc shek`kgyk `k`pu `hgmocth shtokp `hgmocth shtokp chbomupkg mkg kctovotks `kgusok, gk`ug kek` `h`dhrockg dhrdkjko kethrgktoi (poeobkg) mkg `kgusok `hgkgjjkpo shtokp poeobkg ykgj modhrockg aehb kek` thrshdut. Dhdhrkpk phgjocut pkbk` ogo kmkekb> k. HL \k`peh
HL \k`peh kwkegyk `hrupkckg phgjocut mkg phgmucugj ikbk` iosos mhthr`ogos`h. Mok `hrupkckg kgkc dukb mkg `uromgyk mkro Tktzhe. @hgurut pkgmkgjkggyk, kek` duckg `hrupkckg ikctar phghgtu, gk`ug bkgykekb shdkjko ikctar phgjagtroae dkjo kctovotks `kgusok. Kek` `h`dhrockg dkgykc pheukgj mkg ch`ugjcogkg-ch`ugjcogkg ykgj morhspag `kgusok ugtuc `hghgtuckg ugsur-ugsur chdumkykggyk.
;6
Vkrk kbeo jhajrkio thrckmkgj `hgyhdut ikbk` ogo mhgjkg ostoekb ekog ykotu ikbk` iosos pradkdoeos`h.
d. Vkue Yomke mh ek Deklbh (;2=8 “ ;?;?) ;?;?)
Vkue Yomke mh ek Deklbh `hrupkckg jhajrki mkro Vhrkglos. @hgurutgyk kek` tomkc ekjo `hghgtuckg, `hekogckg prashs pramucso (jhgrh mh voh) ykgj mopoeob `kgusok shdkjko poeobkg mkro kethrgktoi-kethrgktoi ykgj modhrockg aehb kek` dhrupk tkgkb, oceo`, mkg rukgj mo suktu woekykb. \hdkjko lagtab dkbwk kctovotks `kgusok mo shcotkr eogjcugjkg pkgtko, `hgurut ikbk` mhthr`ogos`h, mopkstockg shdkjko ghekykg. Gk`ug dkjo ikbk` pasodoeos`h moshdutckg dkbwk dhgtuckg pkgtko mkpkt dhrupk dhgtuckg pkgtko ykgj ekgmko, kjkc lurk`, mkg skgjkt lurk` (leoii), dhrkwk, mkg ykgj `h`oeoco lagtoghgtke sbhei ykgj ykgj pkgnkgj. Thspag `ktk phglkbkrokg `kgusok thrbkmkp dhgtuckg eogjcugjkg pkgtko kckg dhrkjk`, `oskegyk `hgnkmo ghekykg, phtk`dkc umkgj ktku jkrk`, phtk`dkc ru`put ekut, dkbckg dhrskwkb pkmk woekykb phsosor ktku `ukrk sugjko. Ch`k`pukg `kgusok mkek` `hgkgjjkpo kek` tomkc threhpks mkro phgjugkkg
thcgaeajo
ykgj
mojugkckggyk.
Mhgjkg
ch`k`pukg
phgloptkkg thcgaeajo aehb `kgusok, `hgnkmockg bomup `kgusok sh`kcog `umkb mkg rogjkg. Chdhrbksoekg `kgusok mkek` `hghrkpkg thcgaeajo, `hgnkmockg dkbwk thcgaeajo `hgnkmo tu`pukg dkbckg chykcogkg shdkjko tu`pukg ugtuc ph`h`gubkg chdutubkg bomup.
;;
Lagtab `kgusok `h`phgjkrubo kek` mkro soso pasotoigyk kmkekb `kgusok `h`dukt shgjchmkg mo mkhrkb phjugugjkg kjkr tomkc thrnkmo eagjsar. `kgusok `hekcuckg rhdaoskso ktku phgjbonkukg ch`dkeo mo nkekg - nkekg ugtuc `hgjjkgtockg pabag - pbag ykgj thekb mo thdkgj. \hmkgjckg phgjkrub `kgusok chpkmk kek` mkro soso ghjktoigyk mkpkt moeobkt mkro chdokskkg shbkro - bkro ykgj moekcuckg `kgusok shphrto `kgusok mkpkt `hekcuckg phghdkgjkg butkg ykgj mkpkt `hgyhdkdckg chdkgnorkg, chdokskkg `kgusok `hgjboskp kskp racac shrtk kskp mkro chgmkrkkg ykgj dhrphgjkrub chpkmk eogjcugjkg shcotkr. lagtab ekog kmkekb chdokskkg `kgusok `h`dukgj sk`pkb pekstoc mo sh`dkrkgj th`pkt, bke otu mkpkt `hgyhdkdckg chdkgnorkg mkg `hgyhdkdckg paeuso thrbkmkp tkgkb.
K. Vkgmkgjkg Jhajrkio
Jhajrkio \asoke `h`pugyko adnhc stumo kctoiotks `kgusok shdkjko dkjokg jhasihr
`heoputo
phrdhmkkg
mkg
phrsk`kkg
kctoiotks
`kgusok
mhgjkg
eogjcugjkggyk ykcgo eogjcugjkg kek` mkg eogjcugjkg sasoke (Bksoe \h`ogkr Eackckryk Jhajrkio mo \h`krkgj, ;?22). Jhajrkio shdkjko oe`u sphsoioc thgtkgj jhasihr thgtu sknk cknokg jhajrkio sasoke ehdob `hghckgckg chjoktkg `kgusok shdkjko ksphc pacacgyk tomkc mkpkt moehpksckg mkro ksphc eogjcugjkg kek`. Cagshp thrshdut shsuko mhgjkg jhajrkio ykgj `hghckgckg kgtrapalhgtros‑ (\u`kkt`knk, ;?22).
;4
Vkgmkgjkg ―iosos mhthr`ogs`‐ mhthr`ogs`‐ kek` `hghgtuckg phroekcu `kgusok `hekeuo cagshp ―ta stumy tbh hkrtb ks tbh mwheeogj peklh ai `kg‐ ma`ogkg `kg‐ ma`ogkg pkmk kwke omhajrkios (@oetag, ;?::). Ckgt mhgjkg cagshpgyk jhajrkio shdkjko ocbtoskr chkmkkg kek` `hrupkckg `hrupkckg mkskr mkro shnkrkb `uglue cagshp ―survovke ai tbh iotthst‐ mkg ―gkturke shehltoag‐ `hrupkckg mkskr ph`ocorkg dhrch`dkgjgyk iosos mhthr`ogos`. Vh`ocorkg thgtkgj phrudkbkg mkro wkctu ch wkctu, arjkgoskso, phrnukgjkg mkg shehcso klkc. Tktzhe `h`heaparo keorkg mhthr`ogostoc kek` `hghgtuckg chbomupkg `kgusok mhgjkg pkbk`―kgtrapajhajrkpboh‐ mophgjkrubo cagshp tharo hvaeusoagos`h Mkrwog mkg Bugtogjtag. Drugbhss `hgaekc mhthr`ogostoc jhajrkio ykgj `hehtkcckg `kgusok shdkjko ikctar utk`k ckrhgk kek` `hgkwkrckg ch`ugjcogkg pradkdoeos`h `hgjkgmugj ugsur budugjkg to`dke dkeoc kgtkrk kek` mkg `kgusok mkek` structur, paek mkg prashs mo `uck du`o `hgurut th`pkt mkg wkctu (Nabgstag, ;?2<3 Bkrvhy mkg Baeey, ;?2;3 Nhgshg, ;?2=3 Dogtkrta mkg \urkstapa, ;?2=3 \u`kkt`kmnk, ;?2=3 Mkemnahgo, ;??93 Vhht, ;??2). Vhrch`dkgjkg mhgjkg iacus cknokg bu`kg h`kglopktoag, jhajrkio dhrsoikt kgtrapalhgtrohs. @kgusok `hrupkckg puskt cknokg mkg kek` `hrupkckg th`pkt `kgusok `hekcuckg kctovotksgyk (Vhht, ;??23 Cotlbog mkg ]kth, 4666). Keorkg Keo rkg pasodoeos mopheaparo \lbuethr thgtkgj ―cuetur jhajrkio‐ ykgj `hgmumucckg ikctar `kgusok mkek` chdumkykkg shdkjko adyhc jhajrkio mochgke cagshp ―ekgmslbkit‐
;<
Yomke mh Ek Deklbh dkbwk ikctar ykgj `hghgtuckg chbomupkg `kgusok kmkekb ―jhgrh mh voh‐ kctoiotks kctoiotks `kgusok mkpkt thrnkmo ckrhgk modhrockg ch`ugjcogkg aehb cagmoso kek` shdkjko ―pasodoeos` jhajrkio‐. Jhajrkio dhrch`dkgj mkro ikbk` mhthr`ogos`h, pasodoeos`h ch pradkdoeos`h, kek` shdkjko phghgtu chjoktkg `kgusok ch`umokg dhrch`dkgjgyk ch`k`pukg `kgusok `hgsokskto kek` ch`umokg `h`uglueckg pkbk` kmkgyk budugjkg to`dke dkeoc kgtkrk `kgusok mhgjkg kek` (Nabgstag, ;?2<).
D. Eogjcugjkg Bomup @kgusok
Mkek` `hekcuckg kctovotks shbkro-bkro, kek` `hgnkmo skekb sktu su`dhr ykgj dosk `h`dukt `kgusok `hekcuckg bke thrshdut mhgjkg ehdob `umkb. Eogjcugjkg Eogjcugjkg kmkekb shdukb `hmok ykgj dhrphrkg phgtogj mkek` bke ogo. Vh`dkjokg eogjcugjkg `hgurut cukeotksgyk dosk modhmkckg `hgnkmo tojk `klk` ykotu eogjcugjkg doaiosoc, eogjcugjkg sasoke hcaga`o mkg nujk eogjcugjkg dumkyk. Chtojkgyk `h`oeoco mhiogosogyk `ksogj-`ksogj mkg `kgusok bkrus `hgnkjk mkg `hehstkrockg eogjcugjkg-eogjcugjkg thrshdut. \kkt ogo thekb dkgykc kctovotks `kgusok ykgj `hrujockg hcasosth` moshcotkrgyk3 dkbckg dhdhrkpk hcasosth` mockdkrckg thekb pugkb duckg ckrhgk shehcso kek`, `hekogckg kcodkt uekb tkgjkg `kgusok ykgj tomkc dhrtkgjjugj nkwkd mkg shrkckb mkek` `hgjhcspeaotkso su`dhr mkyk kek` ykgj kmk mo shcotkrgyk.
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;. Eogjcugjkg Doaiosoc
Eogjcugjkg doaiosoc `hrupkckg shdukb eogjcugjkg ykgj thrmoro mkro ca`paghg bomup ykgj dhrsoikt kek`okb. Kmk kdoatoc mkg nujk doatoc ykgj skeogj `h`phgjkrubo sktu sk`k ekog. Mkek` bke ogo doatoc kmkekb ostoekb ykgj mojugkckg ugtuc `hgjjk`dkrckg `kcbeuc ykgj bomup sh`hgtkrk kdoatoc kmkekb ostoekb ykgj mojugkckg ugtuc `hgjjk`dkrckg `kcbeuc ykgj tomkc bomup. \hdkjko `kcbeuc doatoc, `kgusok dosk `h`kgikktckg chckykkg kdoatoc ykgj kmk mo shcotkrgyk ugtuc `h`dukt chbomupkggyk ehdob dkoc. \kekb sktu lagtab chckykkg kdoatoc `oskegyk dkrkgj tk`dkgj mkg nujk `ogykc du`o. Dkrkgj tk`dkgj kmkekb dhgmk `kto, gk`ug dosk mo`kgikktckg shdkjko bokskg ktku kcshsaros, lagtabgyk l agtabgyk kmkekb h`ks, mkg phrkc.
4. Eogjcugjkg \asoke “ Hcaga`o Hcaga`o
Kmkekb shdukb eogjcugjkg ykgj `hgjjk`dkrckg budugjkg kgtkrk `kgusok mhgjkg shsk`kgyk. Ogo `hrhck ekcuckg ugtuc `h`hgubo chdutubkg bomup ykgj `hrhck `oeoco. Vh`hgubkg chdutubkg bomup kgtkrk sktu `kbeuc mhgjkg `kbeuc ekoggyk dosk moeobkt mkro dkjko`kgk `kgusok `hehstkrockg eogjcugjkg ykgj kmk mo shcotkrgyk mkg kpk ykgj kek` dhrockg ugtuc `hrhck ckrhgk chdokskkg pasotoi ykgj moekcuckg aehb `kgusok thrshdut. @oskegyk shdukb `ksykrkckt ykgj togjjke mkek` mkhrkb thrthgtu shekeu `hgjjkekgjckg rhdaoskso mkg `hrkwkt pabag ykgj kmk mo shcotkrgyk, `kck bkmokb ykgj kckg modhrockg aehb kek` kmkekb chshnuckg ugtuc woekykb thrshdut mkg pkstogyk kckg dhdks mkro ykgj gk`kgyk paeuso.
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<. Eogjcugjkg Dumkyk
Eogjcugjkg dumkyk kmkekb shdukb cagmoso, dkoc otu dhrupk `kthro ktku gag `kthro ykgj dosk mobksoeckg ckrhgk kmkgyk dumo mkyk aehb `kgusok. Xgtuc ehdob ehgjckpgyk `hgjhgko `utu eogjcugjkg bomup, dosk `hrunuc ch XX. Ga.4< tkbug ;??:. ;??:. @kcsum mkro eogjcugjkg dumkyk kmkekb ph`kgikktkg ykgj moekcuckg aehb `kgusok thrbkmkp kek` ykgj kmk mo shcotkrgyk shbogjjk `hgloptkckg shdukb dumkyk ykgj ogmkb. Dokskgyk `kgusok `hekcuckggyk shlkrk shlkr k turug th`urug, kmkt ykgj thekb moekcuckg shnkc zk`kg mkbueu thrshdut thrus moekcuckg `kgusok sk`pko shckrkgj. ]hgtugyk kmkt ykgj moekcuckg thrshdut nujk `heodktckg `kthro (dhgmk) ykgj kmk mo shcotkrgyk `oskegyk dktu, mkg ekog shdkjogyk. Otuekb tojk nhgos eogjcugjkg ykgj phreu cotk chtkbuo dhrmkskrckg cukeotks eogjcugjkggyk. ]hgtu sknk `kgusok shdkjo `kbeuc ykgj togjjke mkek` eogjcugjkg thrshdut dosk `hekcuckg dhdhrkpk lkrk kjkr cukeotks eogjcugjkg ykgj kmk mo shcotkr `hrhck shgkgtoksk thrnkjk mkg ksro. Mosk`pogj otu `kgusok nujk kckg `hgmkpktckg `kgikkt dhrupk thrlucupo chdutubkggyk shbkro-bkro nock `hrhck `ku mkg `k`pu `hgnkjk eogjcugjkg ykgj `hrhck th`pkto skkt ogo.
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MKI]KT VX\]KCK
bttp>//hprogts.ugy.kl.om/??;//hprogts.ugy.kl.om/??;//hckshtoyawkto.deajspat.la`/46;;/68/mhthr`ogos`h-jhajrkios-mkg pasodoeos`h.bt`e bttp>//stkii.ugy.kl.om/soths/mhikuet/ioehs/phgheotokg/Bkstuto,%46@.\o.%46Mr.%46/J hajrkio%46\asoke%46Mkek`%46Vhrsphctoi%46Jeadke.pmi
