Huawei Transport Solution

Security Level:

LTE Transport Solution

Huawei

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

www.huawei.com

Content

LTE Transport Network Interface

LTE Transmission Network Requirements

LTE Transmission Transmissio n Key Technologies

Huawei LTE Transport Solution

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Content



LTE Transmission Transmissio n Key Technologies


Page 2

LTE Transport Network Interface S11 MME

S-GW

S 1 C

S 1 U

Clock server OAM

X2 (X2-C, X2-U) eNodeB







eNodeB

The Transmission network of LTE consist of:  S1 interface  X2 interface The data to be transmitted over the transmission network are:  S1 interface data including S1 Control Plane (S1-C) and S1 User Plane (S1-U) d ata  X2 interface data including X2 Control Plan (X2-C) and X2 User Plane (X2-U) data OAM, Operation And Maintenance data   Clock synchronization data Note that S11 S11 interface is part of the core network, so its specification is not covered by eRAN transport solution.

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Content



LTE Transmission Key Technologies


Page 4

LTE Transmission Requirements

SON …

QoS

Co-transmission

Security …

Maintainability

Reliability

LTE

…

Traditional Transmission Network

Page 5

Bandwidth Requirement Access technologies

3G(R99/R4) UL: 384 Kbps DL: 384 Kbps

LTE 3G/HSPA+(R8) UL: 50 Mbps DL: 100 Mbps UL: 11 Mbps 3G/HSxPA(R6/R7) DL: 42 Mbps UL: 5.76 Mbps 3G/HSDPA(R5) DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 384 Kbps DL: 14.4 Mbps

Service Bandwidth

64~144 kbps

64~384 kbps

2002-2003 2003-2004 • • •

384 kbps ~ 5 Mbps

3~20 Mbps

2005-2006 2006-2009

10~50 Mbps

2008-2012

LTE-advanced UL: 500 Mbps(?) DL: 1000 Mbps(?)

20~100 Mbps

2009-2015

100~1000 Mbps(?)

2011-?

Bandwidth demand will be multiplied by 3~10 time in 2011 and beyond The transmission network technology must keep up with the access technology development Operators are looking for a mobile transmission network solution that is able to provide enough bandwidth to support the access technology traffic flow while saving CAPEX and OPEX. Page 6

Synchronization Requirements 1.

2.

Frequency stability requirements • For eNodeB, the frequency accuracy should be better than



0.05 ppm

Phase/time requirements • •

For eMBMS SFN, the time accuracy should be better than  4 s For TDLTE, the time accuracy should be better than  1.5 s

Page 7

QoS Requirements Compared to 2G/3G network, transmission over LTE backhaul required reduced and strict packet delay and packet error loss rate

Resource

Priority

Packet Delay Budget

Packet Error Loss Rate

2

100 ms

10-2

Conversational Voice

4

150 ms

10-3

Conversational Video (Live Streaming)

3

5

300 ms

10-6

Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)

4

3

50 ms

10-3

Real Time Gaming

5

1

100 ms

10-6

IMS Signaling

6

7

100 ms

10-3

Voice, Video (Live Streaming) , Interactive Gaming

QCI

Type

1 2 GBR

7

Non-GBR

6

8

8

9

9

Example of Services

Video (Buffered Streaming) 300 ms

10-6

TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.)

AMBR: Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate ~ QCI: QoS Class Identifier ~ CoS: Class of Service ~ GBR: Guaranteed Bit Rate

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Security Requirement • •

3GPP has defined no security for the backhaul, i.e. t he transmission between eNodeBs and between the eNodeB and MME/S-GW For non-trusted network, IPSec should be used.

Tunnel mode IPSec

MME

IPSec function

Transport mode IPSec

S-GW

SEG IPsec

MME

S-GW

IPsec

IPsec

Security gateway

LTE

IPsec

IPsec

IPsec

IPsec

eNB

eNB

eNB

eNB

IPsec

IPsec

IPsec

IPsec

eNB

eNB

eNB

eNB

The eNodeB should support IPSec tunnel mode, and IPSec transport mode is optional

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Reliability Requirement Redundancy: the eNodeB and backhaul should provide different redundancy solutions based on backhaul design, this must include port redundancy and board redundancy.

End-to-end redundancy

S-GW/MME (S1 interface)

Work path

eNode B Transport layer Network layer Data link layer

Backhaul transport network

Traffic flow protection Control Plane

User Clock Plane data

Traffic flow protection Control Plane

Protection path

OAM data

Work path

Port Board PHY layer redundancy redundancy Protection path

Backhaul transport network

Segment-by-segment redundancy

Work path

User Plane

Board Port redundancy redundancy

Transport layer Network layer Data link layer PHY layer

Protection path

OAM backup

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Clock Server (optional)

Maintainability Requirement •

Network Management Quality: • Service quality Monitoring • Fault prediction (active maintenance) • Fault location and fast recovery

•

Two scenarios • E2E maintenance • Segment by segment maintenance

Transport equipment eNode B

Transport network

Transport equipment GE/FE

S-GW/MME

End-to-end (X2 interface)

Seg-by-Seg

eNode B End-to-end (S1 interface)

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Co-transmission Requirement •

LTE will co-exist with legacy netw ork for longtime

•

Transmission sharing with legacy network (co-sitting with 2G/3G network)

•

Simultaneous use of different technologies (IP, TDM)

•

Maximum reuse of existing resource is a big challenge

S-GW UMTS Node B

eNode B

Backhaul transmission network

MME

RNC GSM BTS

eNode B

GSM BSC

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SON Requirement 



The main goal of SON is to minimize transport operational effort and cost, and to increase the network performance and quality. With the lack of RNC, SON is used to facilitate the communication among eNodeBs that are linked directly to the backhaul and distributed in the network.

Selfoptimization: routing optimization 

The main functions of SON include: self-planning, selfdeployment, self-optimization and self-maintenance.

Selfmaintenance: Automatic Neighbor Relation

Selfdeployment: transport parameters setup

Self-planning: transport parameters planning

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Content





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Mobile Backhaul Structure PoC3

PoC2

PoC1

TDM MW or Packet MW

eNodeB

FE/GE

VDSL eNodeB

GPON

P2P fiber eNodeB RNC/GGSN/SGW/MME/HSS/HLS/O AM/…

Access LTE

• • •

Metro/aggregation

Core

Backhaul

SAE

Mobile backhaul can be divided into access layer, metro/aggregation layer and the core layer. The part of the access layer that is connected to the eNodeB is called the last mile solution. It consist of the most important part of the transport solution. However, the transmission networking includes also synchronization, QoS, security, reliability, maintainability and SON different key technologies. PoC: Point of Convergence

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The Last Mile Bandwidth Solution 1 1

Packet microwave access



Ethernet packet microwave: low TCO and high capability



Dynamic Adaptive Modulation can dynamically improve the spectrum efficiency, providing more transport bandwidth. It can increase the bandwidth efficiency up to 400%

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The Last Mile Bandwidth Solution 2 P2P Fiber/ADSL/VDSL/GPON access

2 Technology

ADSL2+/VDSL2/G, SHDSL,. copper Based VDSL2

Fiber-based: GPON/P2P

Distance

<1km

>5km

bandwidth

>25 Mbps

>=100Mps

P2P fiber eNodeB ONU

GE

eNodeB GE

Splitter

GE

transport network

ONU

GPON DSLA M

eNodeB

MME/S-GW /PDN GW

Mini DSLAM

FE eNodeB

ADSL2+/SHDSL/VDSL2 modem



P2P fiber/VDSL2 support flexible capacity upgrades once the base stations are connected



An ADSLVDSL/GPON co-platform DSLAM



Carrier grade IP DSLAM

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Flexible Synchronization Solution Frequency synchronization ①

GPS

②

BITS

③

From legacy base station when co-sites

④

IEEE1588v2

⑤

E1/T1 line clock (if E1/T1 used)

⑥

Huawei clock over IP @Ethernet

⑦

Synchronous Ethernet

⑧

1PPS

clock path 1 GPS

4 IEEE 1588v2 IP/Ethernet FE/GE Network Traditional network

2 BITS

S-GW/ MME FE

eNode B

(Clock client)

3 legacy BS

BITS or Clock server

Time or phase synchronization

• • • • • •

①

GPS

⑤

IEEE1588v2

⑧

1PPS+ TOD

5 E1/T1

7 Sync. Ethernet

6 Clock over IP@Eth

8 1PPS+ TOD

Provide E2E clock solution Support clock redundancy Unified clock server solution for LTE and legacy BTS The clock server can be either a stand alone equipment or integrated in S-GW /MME/OMC Moreover, When all external clock sources are lost, the internal clock of the eNodeB, OXCO can keep it on normal service up to 90 days. Compares to GPS, IEEE1588v2 is cost-effective and suit better to indoor coverage

Page 18

E2E QoS Solution IEEE802.1P

MPLS TE/IP DiffServ

IEEE802.1P/DSCP

PE eNodeB PE MME/S-GW /PDN GW

IP/ MPLS network eNodeB Pre-marker DSCP and CoS

user 1 user 2 user 3 user n

1.

2.

Classify accordingly to DSCP or CoS

Et

Mobile VoIP Video Internet

Pre-marker DSCP and CoS

Service differentiation QoS mapping Traffic shaping Scheduling Transport resource allocation Congestion control Admission control

Qos Mapping • Traffic QoS: user plan traffic ( based on QCI, GBR, Non-GBR, priority), signaling, IP clock and OAM data. • IP layer: DSCP marking, DiffServ • Data link layer: Ethernet Qos (IEEE802.1P/Q), VLAN based traffic separation. Traffic shaping • Logical port shaping • Physical port shaping MPLS: Multi Protocol Label Switching ~ SDSCP: Differentiated Ser vice Code Point ~ CoS: Class of Service

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L2VPN and L3VPN Comparison

Feature

Layer 2 VPLS

Layer 3 MPLS

Dynamic Path establishment

Supported with VPLS

Supported with MPLS

Ability to route between directly connected cell site

Not supported if on separate broadcast domain (Layer3 needed to go between broadcast domains)

Supported

End-point Identification

Mac address

IP address

IP address transparency

Supported

Not supported without layer 3 VPNs

CAPEX

Less expensive

More expensive

OPEX

Lower

Higher

QoS capability

Low

Higher

Broadcast domains

Supported (both point-to-point and multi-point)

Not supported in routed network

Network expansion

Manual effort configuration-intens ive

Easier with support of Automatic Discovery

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Security Solution  

Air interface: ciphering, SNOW 3G and AES. Transport module and transport equipment: the target is to try to keep security breaches as local as possible by using a security gateway. 1.

Scenarion1: Non- trusted network Security Gateway FE/GE

IP/Ethernet network (Non-trusted)

IP/Ethernet network (trusted)

FE/GE

eNodeB S-GW/MME

SSL tunnel for OAM data

eNodeB OMC The eNodeB supports IPsec

IPSec tunnel for all traffic flow on S1/X2



SSL tunnel for OAM data



IPSec for all traffic over S1 interface and X2 interface



IPSec tunnel mode is recommended, but the transport mode can also be used



If required, IPSec and SSL can be used together for AOM data protection



ACL for firewall SSL - Security Socket Layer ~ ACL-Access Control List

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Security Solution 2.

Scenario2: Trusted network

VLAN for Ethernet network MPLS VPN for IP/MPLS network

PE Ethernet S-GW/MME eNodeB

PE

IP/MPLS Network

Ethernet PE

VLAN for Ethernet network

eNodeB

PE: Provider Edge ~ LSP: Label Switch Path

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Reliability Solution route backup: active route + backup route

GE

Router

eNodeB

IP/MPLS Network

GE

GE S-GW/MME eNodeB

Ethernet

GE eNodeB

S-GW Pool S/R

Switch/router

S-GW

MME Pool

S-GW

Ethernet Trunk

1.

2.

Reliability solutions: S1-flex, OAM channel backup, IP routing backup and Ethernet trunk

S-GW MME

MME

S1-flex eNodeB E-UTRAN

eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB

eNodeB

eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB

Failure detection Mechanism: BFD, ARP and Ethernet OAM BFD - Bidirectional Failure Detection; ARP - Address Resolution Protocol.

Page 23

Maintainability Solution 

Access link OAM: IEEE802.3ah, ARP



Connectivity OAM: IEEE802.1ag



Service Layer OAM: BFD, GTP-U OAM, UDP OAM, SCTP OAM

802.3ah

802.3ah

router FE/GE IP/Ethernet IP/MPLS

FE/GE router eNodeB

router

router

S-GW /MME 802.1ag

802.1ag 802.1ag

BFD: Bi-directional Failure Detection ~ GTP-U: GPRS Tunnel Protocol- User Plane ~ UDU: User Data Protocol ~ SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Page 24

Co-transmission Solution LTE eNodeB co-location with traditional legacy base station

Scenario 1

PW emulation for ATM/TDM traffic over Ethernet

Co-located GE

eNodeB

TGW/Router

GE

GE

IP/Ethernet Network

S-GW/MME TDM/ATM

Legacy BTS (2G BTS or UMTS NodeB)

nE1/T1,STM-1

eNodeB

E1/T1, FE/GE S-GW/MME

IP/Ethernet Network IP-based 2G/3G

Legacy BSC/RNC

Multi-mode base station or eNodeB co-location with IP-based legacy base station

Scenario 2

Multi-mode eNodeB

TGW/Router

eNodeB

GE

FE/GE

BSC/RNC

E1/T1, FE/GE TGW: Transport Gateway ~ PW: Pseudo Wire

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Intelligent SON Solution

BITS / Clock server

Neighbor eNodeB

5

S1 3

X2

SGW / MME Pool

4 1

eNodeB

ACS

2 NE/NMS

DHCP Server

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

IP address allocation through DHCP and OAM channel establishment Configuration parameters download S1 interface configuration and setup X2 interface configuration and setup Clock server channel configuration and setup

Page 26

X2 interface implementation Solution 1.

Distributed Solution PoC3

PoC2

PoC1

S1 eNodeB

X2

eNodeB

S-GW/MME

eNodeB Last mile

• • •

Metro

Core

The X2 and S1 interfaces share the same physical interface, and X2 interface is established through the nearest PoC equipment between the two eNodeBs Advantage: reduced X2 data delay and packet loss, save the metro and core network transmission bandwidth Disadvantage: complex transmission equipment configuration and management, the addition of new eNodeB requires the transmission network reconfiguration and planning. PoC: Point of Convergence

Page 27

X2 interface implementation Solution 2.

Convergence Solution ( recommended) PoC3

PoC2

PoC1

S1 eNodeB

X2

eNodeB

S-GW/MME

eNodeB Last mile

• •

•

Metro

Core

The X2 and S1 interfaces share the same physical interface, and X2 interface is established through the PoC1 equipment Advantage: easy transmission network planning and management, simple configuration . Moreover, the PoC2 and PoC3 equipments do not required complex routing functions. Therefore reduce the transmission network cost Disadvantage: bandwidth cost

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Content





Page 29

IP/Ethernet Backhaul Solution GE FE/GE (fiber) eNode B

S-GW/MME

IP/Ethernet (MPLS, VPLS, VLAN) GE FE/GE (cable)

eNode B



FE

S-GW/MME GPS

BITS

Scenario: For operator which has built or plans to deploy IP/Ethernet network.





Benefits: 

Enough transport bandwidth for S1/X2 interface



Cost-effective



Meet flexibility and convergence requirements

Key technologies 

Transport security: MPLS VPN, VLAN



QoS guarantee: MPLS TE, MPLS DiffServ, IP DiffServ



Synchronization: Synchronous Ethernet, IEEE1588v2, BITS, GPS or Huawei clock over IP



Transport access layer: FE/GE cable, cable (VDSL), Packet MW , P2P fiber and GPON.

Page 30

MSTP-based Backhaul Solution Rt VC-trunk: bearer high QoS traffic

FE/GE eNode B GE

MSTP transmission network

FE/GE

S-GW/ MME

eNode B

2M line: used for

clock sync.

eNode B 

FE/GE

Nrt VC-trunk: bearer low QoS traffic

Scenario: For operator which has MSTP network or plan to upgrade from SDH to MSTP





Benefits: 




Co-working with MSTP network



Easy expansion



The bandwidth multiplexing in MSTP ring can improve the transmission efficiency up to more than 30%

Key Technologies 

Transport security: VLAN



QoS guarantee: separated trunk for real time (rt) and non-real time (Nrt) applications



Synchronization: 2Mbps line for clock synchronization such as synchronous Ethernet, IEEE1588v2, Huawei clock over IP, GPS or BITS.



Transport access layer: FE/GE cable, cable (VDSL), Packet MW, P2P fiber, and GPON.

Page 31

PTN-based Backhaul Solution FE/GE eNode B GE FE/GE

PTN network S-GW/ MME

eNode B

eNode B 

FE/GE

Scenario: For operator which has PTN ne twork or plan to upgrade from SDH ( or SONET) to PTN





Benefits: 




Co-working with traditional network



Easy expansion



The bandwidth multiplexing in PTN ring can impro ve the transmission efficiency up to more than 30 %

Key Technologies 

Transport security: VLAN



QoS guarantee: separated tunnel for real time (rt) and non-real time (Nrt) applications



Synchronization: 2Mbps line for clock synchronization such as synchronous Ethernet, IEEE1588v2, Huawei clock over IP, GPS or BITS.



Transport access layer: FE/GE cable, cable (VDSL), Packet MW, P2P fiber, and GPON.

Page 32

TDM-based Backhaul Solution TDM equipment

TDM

equipment

TDM Transport Network

IP/Eth Network

GE

eNode B IP ML-PPP nE1/T1



or cPoS STM-1 (optional)

S-GW/MME

IP ML-PPP nE1/T1

Scenario: For operator which has TDM or leased E1/T1 legacy network and plan to upgrade to IP/Ethernet broadband solution





Benefits: 

Reuse of legacy transmission network



The use of IP over TDM will improve TDM res ource utilization



Suit to low traffic network

Key technologies 

Transport security: VLAN, MPLS L2VPN, MPLS L3VPN



QoS guarantee: MPLS TE, MPLS DiffServ, IP DiffServ, VLAN CoS



Synchronization: the clock data can be de rived from legacy TDM network or through syn chronous Ethernet, IEEE1588v2, Huawei clock over IP, GPS or BITS on the IP/Ethernet network.



Transport access layer : nxE1/T1.

ML-PPP: Multi-link Point-to-Point Protocol ~ Channelized Packet over SDH ~ STM: Synchronous Transport Module

Page 33

Flexible E2E LTE Backhaul Networking Satellite-based Backhaul

TDM-based backhaul solution

nxE1/T1

eNode B

eNode B TDM network

nxE1/T1

Ethernet

FE/GE

Aggregation/Core Transport Network

S-GW/MME

IP/Ethernet backhaul

MSTP-based backhaul

GE/FE

Microwave-based backhaul

Metro

eNode B Metro

MSTP Network

Metro

IDU

IDU

FEeNode B

Metro

GE/FE

eNode B

S-GW/MME

IP/Ethernet Networ k

TDM MW or Packet MW

Adaptive to all kind of backhaul scenarios

Page 34

Ethernet

eNode B

Application Scenarios Suburban/rural • •

P2P fiber GPON

E1/T1 over microwave or cable eNodeB

IDU eNodeB

P2P fiber/G-PON

IDU

eNodeB

TDM network

ONU

GE

G-PON

transport network

eNodeB

Splitter

GE DSLA M

MME/S-GW /PDN GW

Microwave

GE

IDU

IDU

Urban area

eNodeB

• Mini DSLAM

ADSL2+/SHDSL/VDSL2

•

Microwave P2P fiber/GPON/VDSL2 (if already available)

FE eNodeB

modem

Page 35

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Release link

Contact person

Promotion White paper One-page

ID: xxxxxx 00xxxxxx E-Mail: [email protected] Dept.: XXX

Case study

Strategy Go-to-MKT strategy Sales guide


Others

Branding Flash & Video Special Release


Others

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Huawei Transport Solution

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