This assignment take cares of the topic “FIVE YEAR PLANS IN INDIA” of Economics- III from social development perspective. Brief introduction, objectives and outcomes & achievements of plans,…Full description
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SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE B.Arch, SEM IX, 2011-12
URBAN HOUSING
Chapter 1 Housing Hous ing Issue Issues s – Ind Indian ian Contex Contextt Need and Demand Housing in Five Year Year Plans National Housing Policy Housing Agencies and their role in housing development Impact of traditional lifestyle
Process of providing houses to the houseless Also related to other processes necessary for improving the quality of Dynamic process with changes in social and physical pattern System of various functions and components
Housing
Shelter
Basic need next to food and clothing
Important part of the social environment
Significant role in improving national economy
House
Shelter to a family Social arena of family life Symbol of man’s self respect Should satisfy various needs of man – psychological, safety and security needs
Concept of Housing
Includes basic environment in conjunction with an infrastructure ensuring fresh air, water, food, sanitation & recreation. In India, housing shortage = 24.7 million (99% EWS & LIG
Housing Need
Extent to which housing conditions fall below the acceptable levels of standards Main aim – to shelter the houseless with decent houses Determinants of housing need
Present number of households Natural growth in same household Migration Rise in standard of living
Housing Demand
Will, ability & affordability of the households Type of demand different classes in society “Effective demand” – when desire to own a house is supported by purchasing power
Supply of Housing Available housing stock, periodical addition, extensions, improvements, up gradation etc.,
HOUSING IN THE FIVE YEAR PLANS
Introduction
Development activities in India is structured based on the five year plans since 1951. Successive five year plans clearly show the evolution of housing policies in India.
First Five Year Plan (1951- 56)
Introduced housing in the national policy framework Focus on institution buildin and housin for weaker sections of society Major rehabilitation programme launched
First Five Year Plan (1951- 56)
8% of public sector outlay spent on rehabilitation & housing Introduced several rural and urban housin schemes for poor Established
Ministry of works & housing National buildings Organisation (NBO)
Second Five Year Plan (1956 – 61)
Housing scheme for poor expanded Industrial housing scheme expanded Three new schemes introduced
Rural housing Slum clearance Sweepers housing
Second Five Year Plan (1956 – 61)
Central govt. decided to provide assistance to state govt. to develop low income housing Gave rise to State Housing Boards In 1959, central govt. offered loan to state govt. for 10 yrs to acquire land for building sites
Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) Followed by Triennial Plan (1966-69)
Emphasis on planned development and land acquisition particularly for urban areas Co-ordination of all agencies & orientation of all programs to the needs of poor Due to limited resources, towns and cities with population of 1,00,000 or more receive priority – “urban” Funds allocated for housing and urban development including water supply and sanitation
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)
Dual problem
Rapidly growing population Slow growing
Govt. decided to encourage private and co-operative housing schemes by providing financial assistance
• HUDCO established in 1970
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)
To provide loans to low-income groups below peak interest rates and longer repayment periods To finance urban development activities to help decongest cities Support State Housing Boards
“whole lending arm for housing finance”
Fifth Five Year Plan (1974 – 79)
Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act adopted.
to revent concentration of land holdings in urban areas. to make more land available for equitable disbursal
