1.0.
Certificates 1.1. Covering Page 1.2. Colleg llege e Ce Certif rtific ica ate 1.3. Acknowledgement 1.4. Declaration 1.5. Abstract
2.0.
Introduction 2.1. Company Profile 2.2. Proect 2.3. !verview
3.0 3.0. 4.0.
Litera eratur ture Survey rvey System An Analysis 4.1. "#isting $ystem 4.2. Proposed $ystem 4.3. %easibility $t $t&dy 4.4. 4.4. Pro Proec ectt Pla Plann nnin ing g wit wit' ' (ra (rap' p' 4.5. 4.5. $oft $oftwa ware re)) *ard *ardwa ware re +e, +e,&i &ire reme ment nts s 4.-. 4.-. od& od&le les s and and its its Des Descr crip ipti tion on 4./. Data %low low Diag iagrams
5.0. 5.0.
Softw Softwar are e Reui Reuire reme ment nt S!ec S!ecif ific icat atio ions ns 5.1. 0ntrod&ction 5.1. 5.1.1. 1. $cop $cope e 5.1. 5.1.2. 2. P&rp P&rpos ose e 5.1.3 5.1.3.. !bec !bectiv tive e 5.1.4. Definitions Definitions Acronyms Acronyms and and Abbreviat Abbreviations ions 5.1.5 5.1.5.. +efere +eference nces s 5.1. 5.1.-. -. !v !ver ervi view ew 5.1. 5.1./. /. ools ols
".0.
System #e #esi$n -.1. 0np&t De Design
%.0.
-.2.
!&tp&t Design
-.3.
Di Diagrams
-.4.
Data Dictionary
-.5.
ormali6ation
-.-.
"7+ Diagram
Im!lementation /.1. et'odology
/.2.
ec'nolo nologi gies es sed
&.0.
'estin$ 8.1. 0ntrod&ction
8.2. (.0.
est Cases
)aintenance
10.0. 10.0. *utur *uture e +n,a +n,anc ncem emen entt 11.0. .0. Con Conclus clusiion 12.0 12.0.. -il -ilio io$r $ra! a!,y ,y 13.0 13.0.. Scre Screen ens/ s/ *orm *orms s
&.0.
'estin$ 8.1. 0ntrod&ction
8.2. (.0.
est Cases
)aintenance
10.0. 10.0. *utur *uture e +n,a +n,anc ncem emen entt 11.0. .0. Con Conclus clusiion 12.0 12.0.. -il -ilio io$r $ra! a!,y ,y 13.0 13.0.. Scre Screen ens/ s/ *orm *orms s
otel )ana$ement System #issertation sumitted in !artial fulfillment of t,e reuirements for t,e award of de$ree f
Course ame 9y
ame of t,e Student Roll o
niversity ame City 6ear 6ear
Colle$e Certificate 'is is to certify t'at t'e dissertation entitled 78ro9ect 'itle: t'at is being s&bmitted by 7Student 7Student ame:; ame:; a st&dent of 7Cou 7Cours rse e ame ame: : in t'e 7Colle 7Colle$e $e addres address s wit, wit,
d&ring ng t'e peri period od of 7year: in partial f&lfillment for t'e award of t'e de!artment: d&ri 7Course:. 0t is a record of bonafied work carried o&t by t'em &nder o&r g&idance and
s&pervision.
'e res< embodied in t'is proect 'ave not been s&bmitted to any ot'er niversity or 0nstit&te for t'e award any degree or diploma.
I'+RAL +
+<'+RAL +
+A# * '+ #+8AR')+' #+8AR')+'
AC=>L+#?+)+'
0 t'ank t'is opport&nity to t'ank all t'ose individ&als wit'o&t t'ose 'elp t'is proect 'ave been incomplete.
0 t'ank to t'e organi6ation 7Com!any ame: for 'aving confidence in me and making &se of my activities by offering t'is proect. 0 wo&ld like to t'ank 7#irector ame: Director of Colle$e ame Address. 0 wo&ld like to e#press my deep sense of gratit&de to all my L+C'R+RS for giving :al&able s&ggestions d&ring my proect and 0 sincerely t'anks to my CLL+?+ LI-RAR6 . y profo&nd gratit&de goes to 7?uide ame: ;Com!any ame:; as a proect g&ide for g&iding me in rig't way and 'elped me in t'is proect. 0 wo&ld also e#press my sincere t'anks to persons w'o are 'elpf&l in e#plaining abo&t needed Domain 0nformation of t'e "#isting $ystem. ast b&t not least a gratef&l t'anks to my 8AR+'S and my *RI+#S and also t'e 8+RSS w'o s&pported me directly and indirectly d&ring t'e Proect.
ame of t,e Student
#+CLARA'I
0 'ere by declare t'at t'e proect work titled 78ro9ect 'itle : s&bmitted to t'e ;College ame<. College affiliated to ;ame of niversity< as a partial f&lfillment for t'e award of ;Co&rse ame<. 'is is an original work done by me and 'as not been s&bmitted to any ot'er 0nstit&tion.
8LAC+@
#A'+@
Student ame
1.5. A-S'RAC'@
An easy to operate &ser friendly economically priced software t'at Committed to meet t'e all re,&irements to manage small medi&m and big scale 'otels. *otel anagement $ystem is one of t'e leading software for complete management of yo&r *otel= it can manage t'e reception resta&rant inventory and acco&nts e#cellently. 'e 'otel management software provides all kinds of record keeping feat&re re,&ired in a 'otel like day books daily b&siness book Preparation of !%0 and many more a&tomatically. 'e proect 'as been planned to be 'aving t'e view of distrib&ted arc'itect&re wit' centrali6ed storage of t'e database. 'e application for t'e storage of t'e data 'as been planned. sing t'e constr&cts of $7$> $erver and all t'e &ser interfaces 'ave been designed &sing t'e A$P.et tec'nologies. 'e database connectivity is planned &sing t'e ;$> Connection< met'odology. 'e standards of sec&rity and data protective mec'anism 'ave been given a big c'oice for proper &sage. 'e application takes care of different mod&les and t'eir associated reports w'ic' are prod&ced as per t'e applicable strategies and standards t'at are p&t forwarded by t'e administrative staff. 'e entire proect 'as been developed keeping in view of t'e distrib&ted client server comp&ting tec'nology in mind. 'e general &sers and t'e organi6ational administration 'ave normali6ed t'e specification &p to 3% to eliminate all t'e anomalies t'at may arise d&e to t'e database transaction t'at are e#ec&ted. 'e &ser interfaces are browser specific to give distrib&ted accessibility for t'e overall system. 'e internal database 'as been selected as $7$> server. 'e basic constr&cts of table spaces cl&sters and inde#es 'ave been e#ploited to provide 'ig'er consistency and reliability for t'e data storage. 'e $7$> server was a c'oice as it provides t'e constr&cts of 'ig'7level reliability and sec&rity. 'e total front end was dominated &sing t'e A$P.et tec'nologies. At all proper levels 'ig' care was taken to c'eck t'at t'e system manages t'e data consistency wit' proper b&siness r&les or validations. 'e database connectivity was planned &sing t'e latest ;$> Connection< tec'nology provided by icrosoft Corporation. 'e a&t'entication and a&t'ori6ation was crossc'ecked at all t'e relevant stages. 'e &ser level accessibility 'as been restricted into two 6ones namely t'e administrative 6one and t'e normal &ser 6one.
2.0. I'R#C'I 2.1. Com!any 8rofile@
7r$aniation ame: $oftware $ol&tions is an 0 sol&tion provider for a
dynamic environment w'ere b&siness and tec'nology strategies converge.
'eir
approac' foc&ses on new ways of b&siness combining 0 innovation and adoption w'ile also leveraging an organi6ation?s c&rrent 0 assets.
'eir work wit' large global
corporations and new prod&cts or services and to implement pr&dent b&siness and tec'nology strategies in today?s environment. 7R?AIBA'I A)+: RA?+ * +<8+R'IS+ ICL#+S@ •
$oftware Development $ervices
•
"ngineering $ervices
•
$ystems 0ntegration
•
Prod&ct Development
•
"lectronic Commerce
•
Cons<ing
•
0 !&tso&rcing
@e apply tec'nology wit' innovation and responsibility to ac'ieve two broad obectives •
"ffectively address t'e b&siness iss&es o&r c&stomers face today.
•
(enerate new opport&nities t'at will 'elp t'em stay a'ead in t'e f&t&re.
'IS A88RAC R+S'S @ •
A strategy w'ere we arc'itect integrate and manage tec'nology services and sol&tions 7 we call it A0 for s&ccess.
•
A rob&st offs'ore development met'odology and red&ced demand on c&stomer reso&rces.
•
A foc&s on t'e &se of re&sable frameworks to provide cost and times benefits.
'ey combine t'e best people processes and tec'nology to ac'ieve e#cellent res<s 7 consistency. @e offer c&stomers t'e advantages of
S8++#@
'ey &nderstand t'e importance of timing of getting t'ere before t'e competition. A ric' portfolio of re&sable mod&lar frameworks 'elps &mp7start proects. ried and tested met'odology ens&res t'at we follow a predictable low 7 risk pat' to ac'ieve res<s. !&r track record is testimony to comple# proects delivered wit'in and evens before sc'ed&le. +<8+R'IS+@
!&r teams combine c&tting edge tec'nology skills wit' ric' domain e#pertise. @'at?s e,&ally important 7 t'ey s'are a strong c&stomer orientation t'at means t'ey act&ally start by listening to t'e c&stomer. 'ey?re foc&sed on coming &p wit' sol&tions t'at serve c&stomer re,&irements today and anticipate f&t&re needs. S+RIC+S@ 7r$aniation ame: is providing its services to companies w'ic' are in t'e field of
prod&ction ,&ality control etc.wit' t'eir ric' e#pertise and e#perience and information tec'nology t'ey are in best position to provide software sol&tions to distinct b&siness re,&irements.
2.2. 8ro9ect Introduction
*otel and anagement maga6ine is a trade p&blication prod&ced by >&este# edia (ro&p "stablis'ed in 18/5 *otel B otel anagement is a flags'ip trade p&blication t'at 'as been delivering 'otel news analysis and operational strategies for more t'an 134 years. +eg&lar feat&res incl&de special reports researc')top lists 'ot prod&cts tec'nology f&rnit&re fi#t&res and e,&ipment 'otel operations and trends and statistics. *otel B anagement is also part of t'e *otel@orld etwork w'ic' provides access and opport&nity wit'in all facets of t'e 'otel and lodging ind&stry across t'e globe. 0t encompasses a series of p&blications and live events t'at serve t'e 'ospitality ind&stry incl&ding *otel anagement maga6ine *otel Design maga6inew'ic' celebrates t'e design e#cellence of 'otels resorts lodges and destination spas= &#&ry *otelier 'ttp))www.'otelworldnetwork.com a digital7only platform reac'ing t'e e#cl&sive a&dience of fo&r7and five7star 'otel owners and operators= and 'e *otel imes maga6ine a digital7only platform foc&sing on international 'otel investment and real estate.
2.3.
verview
'is proect is aimed to developing an !nline *otel anagement. 'is is an easy to operate &ser friendly economically priced software t'at Committed to meet t'e all re,&irements to manage small medi&m and big scale 'otels. otel )ana$ement etworD is one of t'e leading software for complete management of yo&r *otel= it can
manage t'e reception resta&rant inventory and acco&nts e#cellently. 'e 'otel management software provides all kinds of record keeping feat&re re,&ired in a 'otel like daybooks daily b&siness book Preparation of !%0 and many more a&tomatically. An easy to operate &ser friendly economically priced software t'at Committed to meet t'e all re,&irements to manage small medi&m and big scale 'otels. *otel anagement $ystem is one of t'e leading software for complete management of yo&r *otel= it can manage t'e reception resta&rant inventory and acco&nts e#cellently. 'e 'otel management software provides all kinds of record keeping feat&re re,&ired in a 'otel like day books daily b&siness book Preparation of !%0 and many more a&tomatically. 'e proect 'as been planned to be 'aving t'e view of distrib&ted arc'itect&re wit' centrali6ed storage of t'e database. 'e application for t'e storage of t'e data 'as been planned. sing t'e constr&cts of $7$> $erver and all t'e &ser interfaces 'ave been designed &sing t'e A$P.et tec'nologies. 'e database connectivity is planned &sing t'e ;$> Connection< met'odology. 'e standards of sec&rity and data protective mec'anism 'ave been given a big c'oice for proper &sage. 'e application takes care of different mod&les and t'eir associated reports w'ic' are prod&ced as per t'e applicable strategies and standards t'at are p&t forwarded by t'e administrative staff. 'e entire proect 'as been developed keeping in view of t'e distrib&ted client server comp&ting tec'nology in mind. 'e general &sers and t'e organi6ational administration 'ave normali6ed t'e specification &p to 3% to eliminate all t'e anomalies t'at may arise d&e to t'e database transaction t'at are e#ec&ted. 'e &ser interfaces are browser specific to give distrib&ted accessibility for t'e overall system. 'e internal database 'as been selected as $7$> server. 'e basic constr&cts of table spaces cl&sters and inde#es 'ave been e#ploited to provide 'ig'er consistency and reliability for t'e data storage. 'e $7$> server was a c'oice as it provides t'e constr&cts of 'ig'7level reliability and sec&rity. 'e total front end was dominated &sing t'e A$P.et tec'nologies. At all proper levels 'ig' care was taken to c'eck t'at t'e
system manages t'e data consistency wit' proper b&siness r&les or validations. 'e database connectivity was planned &sing t'e latest ;$> Connection< tec'nology provided by icrosoft Corporation. 'e a&t'entication and a&t'ori6ation was crossc'ecked at all t'e relevant stages. 'e &ser level accessibility 'as been restricted into two 6ones namely t'e administrative 6one and t'e normal &ser 6one.
3.0. LI'+RA'R+ SR+6
*otel anagement is t'e practice of controlling proced&res operations and e,&ipment t'at contrib&te to t'e energy &se in a 'otel operation. 'is can incl&de electricity gas water or ot'er nat&ral reso&rces. 9eca&se 'otels can 'ave complicated operations and e#tensive facilities t'ey &tili6e many different types of energy reso&rces. *otel energy &sages are tracked and classified by t'e .$. Department of "nergy and statistics are reg&larly p&blis'ed in t'e "nergy 0nformation Administration ann&al reports. odern practices to control energy &sage incl&des contrib&tions by t'e g&ests t'emselves w'ic' 'as been pop&lari6ed by information cards re,&esting g&ests to save water by letting 'otel 'o&sekeeping staff know if t'ey wo&ld care to re7&se towels and bed linens. $ome celebrities endorse t'is practice and some for7profit companies s&c' as Proect Planetdistrib&te or sell t'ese kind of materials and or proced&res to 'otel operators. 'is red&ces t'e amo&nt of water and)or cleaning s&bstances &sed by t'e 'otel la&ndry department w'ic' also red&ces t'e e#pense to t'e property owner or manager.
4.0. S6S'+) AAL6SIS 4.1.
+Eistin$ System
•
0t is limited to a single system.
•
0t is less &ser7friendly.
•
0t is 'aving lots of man&al work an&al system does not mean t'at yo& are working wit' pen and paper it also incl&de working on spread s'eets and ot'er simple softwaresE.
•
'e present system is very less sec&re.
•
0t is &nable to generate different kinds of report.
•
0t doesn?t 'ave t'e mail and file &pload feat&re.
4.2.
8ro!osed System
'e development of t'e new system contains t'e following activities w'ic' try to a&tomate t'e entire process keeping in view of t'e database integration approac'. •
ser friendliness is provided in t'e application wit' vario&s controls.
•
'e system makes t'e overall proect management m&c' easier and fle#ible.
•
0t can be accessed over t'e 0nternet.
•
:ario&s classes 'ave been &sed to provide file &pload and mail feat&res.
•
'ere is no risk of data mismanagement at any level w'ile t'e proect development is &nder process.
•
+eport generation feat&re is provided &sing Crystal +eports to generate different kinds of reports like bar grap's pie c'arts and table type c'arts etc.
0t provides 'ig' level of sec&rity &sing different protocols like 'ttps etc.
4.3.
*easiility Study
'e feasibility of t'e proect is analy6ed in t'is p'ase and b&siness proposal is p&t fort' wit' a very general plan for t'e proect and some cost estimates. D&ring system analysis t'e feasibility st&dy of t'e proposed system is to be carried o&t. 'is is to ens&re t'at t'e proposed system is not a b&rden to t'e company. %or feasibility analysis some &nderstanding of t'e maor re,&irements for t'e system is essential.
"conomical feasibility
ec'nical feasibility
$ocial feasibility
+conomical *easiility@
"conomic analysis is t'e most fre,&ently &sed met'od for eval&ating t'e effectiveness of a candidate system. ore commonly known as cost)benefit analysis t'e proced&re is to determine t'e benefits and savings t'at are e#pected from a candidate system and compare t'em wit' costs. 0f benefits o&tweig' costs t'en t'e decision is made to design and implement t'e system. 'ec,nical *easiility@
'is involves ,&estions s&c' as w'et'er t'e tec'nology needed for t'e system e#ists 'ow diffic< it will be to b&ild and w'et'er t'e firm 'as eno&g' e#perience &sing t'at tec'nology. 'e assessment is based on an o&tline design of system re,&irements in terms of 0np&t Processes !&tp&t %ields Programs and Proced&res. 'is can be
,&antified in terms of vol&mes of data trends fre,&ency of &pdating etc in order to estimate if t'e new system will perform ade,&ately or not. Social *easiility@
Determines w'et'er t'e proposed system conflicts wit' legal re,&irements e.g. a data processing system m&st comply wit' t'e local data protection actsE. @'en an organi6ation 'as eit'er internal or e#ternal legal co&nsel s&c' reviews are typically standard. *owever a proect may face legal iss&es after completion if t'is factor is not considered at t'is stage. 0t is abo&t t'e a&t'ori6ation.
4.4.
8ro9ect 8lannin$ wit, ?ra!,
4.5.
Software/ ardware Reuirements
ardware Reuirements@ •
P0: 2.8 (*6 Processor and Above
•
+A 5129 and Above
•
*DD 4F (9 *ard Disk $pace and Above
Software Reuirements@ •
@0D!@$ !$ GP ) 2FFF ) 2FFF $erver ) 2FF3 $erverE
•
:is&al $t&dio .et 2FF8 "nterprise "dition
•
0nternet 0nformation $erver 5.F 00$E
•
:is&al $t&dio .et %ramework inimal for DeploymentE
•
$> $erver 2FF5 "nterprise "dition
4.".
)odules and its #escri!tion
',e system after careful analysis ,as een identified to e !resented wit, t,e followin$ modules@ )odules of t,e 8ro9ect
1. *otel aster 2. Acco&nt aster 3. 0nventory aster otel )aster
'e 'otel management software provides yo& all kinds of masters t'at are in c&stomi6ing mode so t'at yo&r can add t'e t'ings as per re,&irement like 7 •
Ho& can decide masters for yo&r 'otel. 'e software gives masters for details of types of rooms types of items in yo&r 'otel.
•
'e software 'olds t'e details of yo&r 'otel employees.
•
C'eck 0 ! for t'e visitors.
•
Cas' receipt management.
•
Credit card management.
•
Preparing t'e telep'one bill.
•
Preparing t'e la&ndry bill.
•
aking t'e room folio.
•
$etting t'e a&tomatic alarm of partic&lar room.
•
Complete and errorless reservation system.
•
Daily b&siness report.
•
!cc&pancy at given time.
•
ocal call report.
•
$D call report.
•
a&ndry report.
•
Cas' record.
•
%ood cost report.
•
$taying g&est credit report.
•
Credit card report.
Account )aster
•
'e 'otel management software incl&des all principal 'eads of commercial field.
•
@e can also c&stomi6e t'e 'eads per re,&irement.
•
nlimited acco&nts may be maintained t'ro&g' vario&s 'eads.
•
All necessary information of partic&lar acco&nt is also kept.
•
edger list.
•
edger books wit' daily)s&mmary options.
•
rial balance wit' closing balance and detailed options.
•
9alance $'eets ,&ick view of c&rrent assets and liabilities.
•
+eports of every 'ead can also be generated on t'e closing and detailed based.
Inventory )aster
*otel management software also provide facility to maintain complete inventory like •
$ale) p&rc'ase data entry.
•
$ale )p&rc'ase ret&rn.
•
$tock report.
•
$ale)p&rc'ase book.
•
$tock ledger.
•
$ale)p&rc'ase ret&rn book.
•
Appointments list to inform yo& abo&t yo&r appointments.
•
Address dairy t'at 'olds t'e address and additional information of a partic&lar person.
•
Dairy notes w'ic' records any note for a partic&lar day.
•
emoranda keeps personal information.
•
"mergency list.
4.%.
#ata *low #ia$rams
A data flow diagram is grap'ical tool &sed to describe and analy6e movement of data t'ro&g' a system. 'ese are t'e central tool and t'e basis from w'ic' t'e ot'er components are developed. 'e transformation of data from inp&t to o&tp&t t'ro&g' processed may be described logically and independently of p'ysical components associated wit' t'e system. 'ese are known as t'e logical data flow diagrams. 'e p'ysical data flow diagrams s'ow t'e act&al implements and movement of data between people departments and workstations. A f&ll description of a system act&ally consists of a set of data flow diagrams. sing two familiar notations Ho&rdon (ane and $arson notation develops t'e data flow diagrams. "ac' component in a D%D is labeled wit' a descriptive name. Process is f&rt'er identified wit' a n&mber t'at will be &sed for identification p&rpose. 'e development of D%D?$ is done in several levels. "ac' process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed D%D in t'e ne#t level. 'e lop7level diagram is often called conte#t diagram. 0t consists a single process bit w'ic' plays vital role in st&dying t'e c&rrent system. 'e process in t'e conte#t level diagram is e#ploded into ot'er process at t'e first level D%D.
#*# S6)-LS@
0n t'e D%D t'ere are fo&r symbols 1. A s,&are defines a so&rceoriginatorE or destination of system data 2. An arrow identifies data flow. 0t is t'e pipeline t'ro&g' w'ic' t'e information flows 3. A circle or a b&bble represents a process t'at transforms incoming data flow into o&tgoing data flows. 4. An open rectangle is a data store data at rest or a temporary repository of data
Process t'at transforms data flow.
$o&rce or Destination of data Data flow
Data $tore
CS'RC'I? A #*#@
$everal r&les of t'&mb are &sed in drawing D%D?$ 1. Process s'o&ld be named and n&mbered for an easy reference. "ac' name s'o&ld be representative of t'e process. 2. 'e direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to rig't. Data traditionally flow from so&rce to t'e destination alt'o&g' t'ey may flow back to t'e so&rce. !ne way to indicate t'is is to draw long flow line back to a so&rce. An alternative way is to repeat t'e so&rce symbol as a destination. $ince it is &sed more t'an once in t'e D%D it is marked wit' a s'ort diagonal. 3. @'en a process is e#ploded into lower level details t'ey are n&mbered. 4. 'e names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and dataflow names 'ave t'e first letter of eac' work capitali6ed A D%D typically s'ows t'e minim&m contents of data store. "ac' data store s'o&ld contain all t'e data elements t'at flow in and o&t. >&estionnaires s'o&ld contain all t'e data elements t'at flow in and o&t. issing interfaces red&ndancies and like is t'en acco&nted for often t'ro&g' interviews. SAIL+' *+A'R+S * #*#FS
1. 'e D%D s'ows flow of data not of control loops and decision are controlled considerations do not appear on a D%D. 2. 'e D%D does not indicate t'e time factor involved in any process w'et'er t'e dataflow take place daily weekly mont'ly or yearly. 3. 'e se,&ence of events is not bro&g't o&t on t'e D%D.
Hotel Management DFD’s
Login DFD
Admin Activities
Admin Register Room
Admin Register Employee
User (Employee) Activities:
SYSEM !"R#F$"!
Default.aspx
Home page to login ,Enter User Id & Password
Submenu.aspx
frmAdminHomePage.aspx
Allow to view the information about the Customer, Emp
Main console for Users
frmEmployeeH P.aspx
Allow to view the information about the Customers
frmAddEmployees.aspx
frm!ustomerH P.aspx
Allow to view the information about the !ooms
frmSearchforNes !ustomers.aspx
Complete information about the Emplo#ees and Customers
"earch for the Customers and !elated !ooms
frmAdd"n#ento ry.aspx frm!omplete"n#ento rySold.aspx
Allow to view the information about the Inventor# frmAddDiffrent"n #entory.aspx
Allow to view the sold Inventor# $ists the %ifferent Inventor# Allow to view the information about the complete Inventor#
Add"n#en$ype.aspx
5.0. S*'>AR+ R+GIR+)+' S8+CI*ICA'IS
5.1.
Introduction 5.1.1. Sco!e
'is Doc&ment plays a vital role in t'e development life cycle $DCE and it describes t'e complete re,&irement of t'e system. 0t is meant for &se by t'e developers and will be t'e basic d&ring testing p'ase. Any c'anges made to t'e re,&irements in t'e f&t&re will 'ave to go t'ro&g' formal c'ange approval process. 5.1.2. 8ur!ose
'e proect 'as been planned to be 'aving t'e view of distrib&ted arc'itect&re wit' centrali6ed storage of t'e database. 'e application for t'e storage of t'e data 'as been planned. sing t'e constr&cts of $7$> $erver and all t'e &ser interfaces 'ave been designed &sing t'e A$P.et tec'nologies. 'e database connectivity is planned &sing t'e ;$> Connection< met'odology. 'e standards of sec&rity and data protective mec'anism 'ave been given a big c'oice for proper &sage. 'e application takes care of different mod&les and t'eir associated reports w'ic' are prod&ced as per t'e applicable strategies and standards t'at are p&t forwarded by t'e administrative staff. 5.1.3. 9ective
'is proect is aimed to developing an online *otel anagement. 'e entire proect 'as been developed keeping in view of t'e distrib&ted client server comp&ting tec'nology in mind. 'is application is for t'ose people w'o want to register t'eir re,&est online for room in a partic&lar 'otel. %or t'is p&rpose first t'ey 'ave to register t'emselves and 'ave to become a registered member of t'at partic&lar 'otel. After it w'erever t'ey are t'ey can make a re,&est for room online. 0f t'ey want to see t'e stat&s of t'eir re,&est t'ey searc' for it online. 'is is also &sef&l for admin no matter w'ere 'e is only by login t'ro&g' 'is &sername and password 'e can see information abo&t 'is 'otel like 'ow many c&stomers are c'ecked in on a partic&lar date. *ow m&c' b&siness management 'as done on t'e partic&lar day.
5.1.4. #efinitions; Acronyms and Areviations
5.1.5. Reference •
%or .et 0nstallation
www.s&pport.mircosoft.com •
%or Deployment And Packing !n $erver
www.developer.com www.15seconds.com •
%or $>
www.msdn.microsoft.com •
%or Asp.et
www.msdn.microsoft.com)net),&ickstart)asppl&s)defa<.com www.asp.net www.fme#pense.com),&ickstart)asppl&s)defa<.com www.asptoday.com www.aspfree.com www.4g&ysfromrolla.com)inde#.asp#
5.1.". verview
'is proect is aimed to developing an !nline *otel anagement. 'is is an easy to operate &ser friendly economically priced software t'at Committed to meet t'e all re,&irements to manage small medi&m and big scale 'otels. *otel anagement etwork is one of t'e leading software for complete management of yo&r *otel= it can manage t'e reception resta&rant inventory and acco&nts e#cellently. 'e 'otel management software provides all kinds of record keeping feat&re re,&ired in a 'otel like daybooks daily b&siness book Preparation of !%0 and many more a&tomatically. An easy to operate &ser friendly economically priced software t'at Committed to meet t'e all re,&irements to manage small medi&m and big scale 'otels. *otel anagement $ystem is one of t'e leading software for complete management of yo&r *otel= it can manage t'e reception resta&rant inventory and acco&nts e#cellently. 'e 'otel management software provides all kinds of record keeping feat&re re,&ired in a 'otel like day books daily b&siness book Preparation of !%0 and many more a&tomatically. 'e proect 'as been planned to be 'aving t'e view of distrib&ted arc'itect&re wit' centrali6ed storage of t'e database. 'e application for t'e storage of t'e data 'as been planned. sing t'e constr&cts of $7$> $erver and all t'e &ser interfaces 'ave been designed &sing t'e A$P.et tec'nologies. 'e database connectivity is planned &sing t'e ;$> Connection< met'odology. 'e standards of sec&rity and data protective mec'anism 'ave been given a big c'oice for proper &sage. 'e application takes care of different mod&les and t'eir associated reports w'ic' are prod&ced as per t'e applicable strategies and standards t'at are p&t forwarded by t'e administrative staff. 'e entire proect 'as been developed keeping in view of t'e distrib&ted client server comp&ting tec'nology in mind. 'e general &sers and t'e organi6ational administration 'ave normali6ed t'e specification &p to 3% to eliminate all t'e anomalies t'at may arise d&e to t'e database transaction t'at are e#ec&ted. 'e &ser interfaces are browser specific to give distrib&ted accessibility for t'e overall system. 'e internal database 'as been selected as $7$> server. 'e basic constr&cts of table spaces cl&sters and inde#es 'ave been e#ploited to provide 'ig'er consistency and reliability for t'e data storage. 'e $7$> server was a c'oice as it provides t'e constr&cts of 'ig'7level reliability and sec&rity. 'e total front end was dominated &sing t'e A$P.et tec'nologies. At all proper levels 'ig' care was taken to c'eck t'at t'e system manages t'e data consistency wit' proper b&siness r&les or validations. 'e database connectivity was planned &sing t'e latest ;$> Connection< tec'nology
provided by icrosoft Corporation. 'e a&t'entication and a&t'ori6ation was crossc'ecked at all t'e relevant stages. 'e &ser level accessibility 'as been restricted into two 6ones namely t'e administrative 6one and t'e normal &ser 6one.
5.1.%. 'ools
".0. System #esi$n A system is simply a set of components t'at interact to accomplis' some p&rpose. $ystems are of two types. •
•
!en Systems. Closed Systems.
$ystems t'at interact wit' t'eir environments are open systems. 'ey receive inp&t and prod&ce o&tp&t. 0n contrast= systems t'at do not interact wit' t'eir s&rro&ndings are closed systems all ongoing systems are open. Closed systems e#ist only as a concept.
$ystem development can generally be t'o&g't of as 'aving two maor components •
$ystem Analysis.
•
$ystem Design.
$ystem analysis is t'e process of gat'ering and interpreting facts diagnosing problems and &sing t'e information to recommend improvements to t'e system. $ystem Design is t'e process of planning a new b&siness system or one to replace or complement an e#isting system.
$ystems analysis is abo&t &nderstanding sit&ations not solving problems. "ffective analysts t'erefore emp'asi6e investigation and ,&estioning to learn 'ow t'e system c&rrently operates and to identify t'e re,&irements &sers 'ave for a new or modified
one. !nly after analysts f&lly &nderstand t'e system are t'ey able to analy6e it and assemble recommendations for system design.
".1. In!ut #esi$n
0np&t design is t'e process of converting &ser7originated inp&ts to a comp&ter7based format. 0np&t design is one of t'e most e#pensive p'ases of t'e operation of comp&teri6ed system and is often t'e maor problem of a system.
".2. ut!ut #esi$n
!&tp&t design generally refers to t'e res<s and information t'at are generated by t'e system for many end7&sers= o&tp&t is t'e main reason for developing t'e system and t'e basis on w'ic' t'ey eval&ate t'e &sef&lness of t'e application. 0n any system t'e o&tp&t design determines t'e inp&t to be given to t'e application.
".3. )L #ia$rams #ia$rams
'e 'e nif nifie ied d ode odeli ling ng ang ang&a &age ge EE is a stan standa dard rd lang lang&a &age ge for for spec specif ifyi ying ng vis&ali6ing constr&cting and doc&menting t'e artifacts of software systems as well as for b&sine b&siness ss model modeling ing and and ot'e ot'err non7s non7soft oftwa ware re syste systems. ms. 'e 'e repres represent ents s a collection of best engineering practices t'at 'ave proven s&ccessf&l in t'e modeling of large and comple# systems. systems. 'e is a very important part of developing developing obects oriente oriented d softwar software e and t'e softwar software e develop development ment process. process. 'e &ses mostly mostly grap'ical grap'ical notations to e#press e#press t'e design of software software proects. sing t'e 'elps 'elps proect teams comm&nicate e#plore potential designs and validate t'e arc'itect&ral design of t'e software. ?oals of )L
'e primary goals in t'e design of t'e were 1. Provi Provide de &sers &sers wit' wit' a ready ready7to 7to7&s 7&se e e#pre e#pressi ssive ve vis& vis&al al modeli modeling ng lang&age so t'ey can develop and e#c'ange meaningf&l models. 2. Provide Provide e#tensibi e#tensibility lity and speciali6 speciali6atio ation n mec'anisms mec'anisms to e#tend e#tend t'e core concepts. 3. 9e inde ndependent of part artic& ic&lar lar progra grammi mming lang lang& &ages and development processes. 4. Provide a formal formal basis for &nderstandin &nderstanding g t'e modeling lang&age. lang&age. 5. "nco&ra "nco&rage ge t'e growt' growt' of t'e t'e !! tools tools market market.. -. $&pport 'ig'er7level 'ig'er7level developme development nt concepts concepts s&c' as collaboratio collaborations ns frameworks patterns and components. /. 0ntegr 0ntegrate ate bes bestt pract practice ices. s.
se Case #ia$rams@
A &se case is a set of scenarios scenarios t'at describing describing an interaction interaction between between a &ser and a system. A &se &se case diagram displays displays t'e relations'ip among actors actors and &se cases. 'e two main components of a &se case diagram are &se cases and actors.
Class #ia$ram@
Class diagrams are widely &sed to describe t'e types of obects in a system and t'eir relati relation ons' s'ips ips.. Clas Class s diagra diagrams ms model model class class str&c str&ct&r t&re e and and conte content nts s &sin &sing g desi design gn elements elements s&c' as classes classes packages packages and obects. obects. Class Class diagrams diagrams describe describe t'ree diffe differe rent nt persp perspect ectiv ives es w'en w'en desig designi ning ng a syste system m conce concept& pt&al al spec specifi ificat catio ion n and and implementation. implementation. 'ese perspectiv perspectives es become evident evident as t'e diagram diagram is created created and 'elp solidify t'e design. design. 'is e#ample e#ample is only meant as an introd&ction to t'e and and class diagrams.
Seuence dia$rams@
$e,&ence diagrams demonstrate t'e be'avior of obects in a &se case by describing t'e obects obects and t'e messages messages t'ey pass. 'e diagram diagrams s are read read left to rig't rig't and descendi descending. ng. 'e e#ample e#ample below s'ows s'ows an obect of class 1 start start t'e be'avior be'avior by sending sending a message message to an obect obect of class class 2. essage essages s pass between between t'e different different obects &ntil t'e obect of class 1 receives t'e final message.
Collaoration dia$rams@
Collaboration Collaboration diagrams are also relatively relatively easy to draw. draw. 'ey s'ow t'e relations'ip relations'ip between between obects and t'e order of messages passed passed between t'em. 'e obects obects are listed as icons and arrows indicate t'e messages being passed between t'em. 'e n&mbers ne#t to t'e messages messages are called se,&ence se,&ence n&mbers. As t'e name s&ggests s&ggests t'ey s'ow t'e se,&ence of t'e messages as t'ey are passed between t'e obects. 'ere are many acceptable acceptable se,&ence se,&ence n&mbering sc'emes sc'emes in . A simple simple 1 2 3... format can be &sed. State #ia$rams@
$tate diagrams are &sed to describe t'e be'avior of a system. $tate diagrams describe all of t'e possible states of an obect as events occ&r. "ac' diagram &s&ally represents obects of a single class and tracks t'e different states of its obects t'ro&g' t'e system. Activity #ia$rams@
Activity diagrams describe describe t'e workflow be'avior be'avior of a system. Activity Activity diagrams are simi simila larr to state diagrams beca&se beca&se activit activities ies are t'e state of doing doing somet'ing. somet'ing. 'e diagra diagrams ms descr describe ibe t'e t'e state state of activ activiti ities es by s'ow s'owing ing t'e t'e se,& se,&enc ence e of activ activiti ities es performed. Activity diagrams can s'ow activities t'at are are conditional or parallel. parallel.
Use Cases of HMS Interface
HM" Interface
Home Page
$ogin Page
Admin Home Page
Add Emplo#ee
Add !ooms
Add Inventor# Admin
"earch Cusotmer
"earch Emplo#ee
Add Chec In %etails
Add Chec 'ut %etails
(eneral "earch
Contact U"
About U"
HM" Interface
Home Page
$ogin Page
Emplo#ee Home Page
Add Customers
Assign !oom on Customers
Chec In and 'ut %etails Emplo#ee
"earch Cusomer
Contact U"
About U"
HM" Interface
Home Page
$ogin Page
Customer Home Page
Change Password
'rder for !oom
"earch "tatus Customer
Chec the )acilit#
Contact U"
About U"
Home Page
Login Page
DB
Admin Home Page
: Admin
1 : Select Login()
2 : Login Button Click with empty alue!()
" : Admin #nte$! alue!() % : &' u!e$ ei!t()
: i' not ei!t()
Se%uence Diagram for Admin adding Employee
Home Page
Login Page
DB
Admin Home Page Add #mployee
: Admin
1 : Select Login()
2 : Login *utton click wi th empty alue!()
" : Admin #nte$! alue!()
% : i' u!e$ ei!t()
: Add #mployee() + : i' not ei!t() , : !u*mit with no alue!()
- : with alue!()
DB
Se%uence Diagram for Admin adding Food !harge
Home Page
Login Page
DB
Admin Home Page Add .ood Cha$ge
: Admin
1 : Select Login()
2 : Login *utton click wi th empty alue!()
" : Admin #nte$! alue!()
% : i' u!e$ ei!t()
: Add .ood Cha$ge() + : i' not ei!t() , : !u*mit with no alue!()
- : with alue!()
DB
Se%uence Diagram for Admin adding &oom Details Home Page
Login Page
DB
Admin Home Page Add /oom
: Admin
1 : Select Login()
2 : Login *utton click wi th empty alue!()
" : Admin #nte$! alue!()
% : i' u!e$ ei!t()
: Add /oom() + : i' not ei!t() , : !u*mit with no alue!()
- : with alue!()
DB
Se%uence diagram for user adding Facility to 'uest
Home Page
Login Page
DB
0!e$ Home Page Add .acility
: u!e$
DB
1 : Select Login() 2 : Login *utton click with empty alue!()
" : Admin #nte$! alue!()
% : i' u!e$ ei!t() : Click Add() + : i' not ei!t()
, : #nte$ alue!()
Acti#ity Diagrams(
Login Acti#ity(
&egistration Acti#ity Diagram(
Admin Acti#ity Diagram
".4. #ata #ictionary
Data dictionary consists of description of all t'e data &sed in t'e system. 0t consists of logical c'aracteristics of c&rrent systems data stores incl&ding name description aliases contents and organi6ation. Data dictionary serves as t'e basis for identifying database re,&irements d&ring system design. Data dictionary is a catalog a depositary of t'e elements in t'e system.
'e data dictionary is &sed to manage t'e details in t'e large system to comm&nicate a common meaning for all system elements to doc&ment t'e f&t&re of t'e system to locate errors and omission in t'e system. Data dictionary contains two types of descriptions for t'e data flowing t'ro&g' t'e system attrib&tes and tables. Attrib&tes are gro&ped toget'er to make &p t'e tables. 'e most f&ndamental data level is attrib&tes tables are a
$et of data items data related to one anot'er and t'at collectively
describes a component in t'e system. 'e description of t'e attrib&tes consists of data names data descriptions aliases and lengt' and data val&es. 'e description of data str&ct&res consists se,&ence relations'ip selection relations'ip iteration relations'ip and operational relations'ip.
".5. ormaliation
0t is a process of converting a relation to a standard form. 'e process is &sed to 'andle t'e problems t'at can arise d&e to data red&ndancy i.e. repetition of data in t'e database maintain data integrity as well as 'andling problems t'at can arise d&e to insertion &pdation deletion anomalies. Decomposing is t'e process of splitting relations into m<iple relations to eliminate anomalies and maintain anomalies and maintain data integrity.
o do t'is we &se
normal forms or r&les for str&ct&ring relation. Insertion anomaly 0nability to add data to t'e database d&e to absence of ot'er data. #eletion anomaly nintended loss of data d&e to deletion of ot'er data. !date anomaly Data inconsistency res<ing from data red&ndancy and partial &pdate ormal *orms 'ese are t'e r&les for str&ct&ring relations t'at eliminate anomalies.
*irst normal form
A relation is said to be in first normal form if t'e val&es in t'e relation are atomic for every attrib&te in t'e relation. 9y t'is we mean simply t'at no attrib&te val&e can be a set of val&es or as it is sometimes e#pressed a repeating gro&p. Second normal form
A relation is said to be in second ormal form is it is in first normal form and it s'o&ld satisfy any one of t'e following r&les. 1E Primary key is a not a composite primary key 2E o non key attrib&tes are present 3E "very non key attrib&te is f&lly f&nctionally dependent on f&ll set of primary key.
',ird normal form
A relation is said to be in t'ird normal form if t'eir e#its no transitive dependencies.
'ransitive #e!endency 0f two non key attrib&tes depend on eac' ot'er as well as on
t'e primary key t'en t'ey are said to be transitively dependent. 'e above normali6ation principles were applied to decompose t'e data in m<iple tables t'ereby making t'e data to be maintained in a consistent state.
".". +HR #ia$ram
'e relation &pon t'e system is str&ct&re t'ro&g' a concept&al "+7
•
Diagram w'ic' not only specifics t'e e#istential entities b&t also t'e standard relations t'ro&g' w'ic' t'e system e#ists and t'e cardinalities t'at are necessary for t'e system state to contin&e. •
'e entity +elations'ip Diagram "+DE depicts t'e relations'ip between t'e data obects. 'e "+D is t'e notation t'at is &sed to cond&ct t'e date modeling activity t'e attrib&tes of eac' data obect noted is t'e "+D can be described resign a data obect descriptions.
•
'e set of primary components t'at are identified by t'e "+D are •
Data obect
•
+elations'ips
•
•
Attrib&tes :ario&s types of indicators.
'e primary p&rpose of t'e "+D is to represent data obects and t'eir relations'ips.
%.0. I)8L+)+'A'I %.1. )et,odolo$y@
>aterfall H Software #evelo!ment )odel
$oftware prod&cts are oriented towards c&stomers like any ot'er engineering prod&cts. 0t is eit'er driver by market or it drives t'e market. C&stomer $atisfaction was t'e main aim in t'e 1I8Fs. C&stomer Delig't is todays logo and C&stomer "cstasy is t'e new b&66word of t'e new millenni&m. Prod&cts w'ic' are not c&stomer oriented 'ave no place in t'e market alt'o&g' t'ey are designed &sing t'e best tec'nology. 'e front end of t'e prod&ct is as cr&cial as t'e internal tec'nology of t'e prod&ct. A market st&dy is necessary to identify a potential c&stomer?s need. 'is process is also called as market researc'. 'e already e#isting need and t'e possible f&t&re needs t'at are combined toget'er for st&dy. A lot of ass&mptions are made d&ring market st&dy. Ass&mptions are t'e very important factors in t'e development or start of a prod&cts development. 'e ass&mptions w'ic' are not realistic can ca&se a nosedive in t'e entire vent&re. Alt'o&g' ass&mptions are concept&al t'ere s'o&ld be a move to develop tangible ass&mptions to move towards a s&ccessf&l prod&ct. !nce t'e arket st&dy is done t'e c&stomers need is given to t'e +esearc' and Development Department to develop a cost7effective system t'at co&ld potentially solve c&stomers needs better t'an t'e competitors. !nce t'e system is developed and tested in a 'ypot'etical environment t'e development team takes control of it. 'e development team adopts one of t'e software development models to develop t'e proposed system and gives it to t'e c&stomers. 'is model 'as t'e following activities. 1. $oftware +e,&irements Analysis 2. $ystems Analysis and Design 3. Code (eneration 4. esting 5. aintenance
1 Software Reuirement Analysis $oftware +e,&irement Analysis is also known as feasibility st&dy. 0n t'is re,&irement analysis p'ase t'e development team visits t'e c&stomer and st&dies t'eir system re,&irement. 'ey e#amine t'e need for possible software a&tomation in t'e given software system. After feasibility st&dy t'e development team provides a doc&ment t'at 'olds t'e different specific recommendations for t'e candidate system. 0t also consists of personnel assignments costs of t'e system proect sc'ed&le and target dates.
'e re,&irements analysis and information gat'ering process is intensified and foc&sed specially on software. o &nderstand w'at type of t'e programs to be b&ilt t'e system analyst m&st st&dy t'e information domain for t'e software as well as &nderstand re,&ired f&nction be'avior performance and interfacing. 'e main p&rpose of re,&irement analysis p'ase is to find t'e need and to define t'e problem t'at needs to be solved. 2 System Analysis and #esi$n 0n $ystem Analysis and Design p'ase t'e w'ole software development process t'e overall software str&ct&re and its o&tlay are defined. 0n case of t'e client)server processing tec'nology t'e n&mber of tiers re,&ired for t'e package arc'itect&re t'e database design t'e data str&ct&re design etc are all defined in t'is p'ase. After designing part a software development model is created. Analysis and Design are very important in t'e w'ole development cycle process. Any fa< in t'e design p'ase co&ld be very e#pensive to solve in t'e software development process. 0n t'is p'ase t'e logical system of t'e prod&ct is developed. 3 Code ?eneration 0n Code (eneration p'ase t'e design m&st be decoded into a mac'ine7readable form. 0f t'e design of software prod&ct is done in a detailed manner code generation can be ac'ieved wit'o&t m&c' complication. %or generation of code Programming tools like Compilers 0nterpreters and Deb&ggers are &sed. %or coding p&rpose different 'ig' level programming lang&ages like C CJJ Pascal and Kava are &sed. 'e rig't programming lang&age is c'osen according to t'e type of application.
4 'estin$ After code generation p'ase t'e software program testing begins. Different testing met'ods are available to detect t'e b&gs t'at were committed d&ring t'e previo&s p'ases. A n&mber of testing tools and met'ods are already available for testing p&rpose. 5 )aintenance $oftware will definitely go t'ro&g' c'ange once w'en it is delivered to t'e c&stomer. 'ere are large n&mbers of reasons for t'e c'ange. C'ange co&ld 'appen d&e to some &npredicted inp&t val&es into t'e system. 0n addition to t'is t'e c'anges in t'e system directly 'ave an effect on t'e software operations. 'e software s'o&ld be implemented to accommodate c'anges t'at co&ld be 'appen d&ring t'e post development period.
%.2. 'ec,nolo$ies sed@
verview of t,e .+' *rameworD 'e ." %ramework is a new comp&ting platform t'at simplifies
a p p li c a t io n d e v el o p m en t i n t ' e ' i g 'l y d i s t ri b & te d e n v ir o n m en t o f t 'e
0 nt er ne t.
' e
. "
% ra me wo rk
is
d esi gn ed
to
f &l fi ll
t 'e
following obectives •
o
p ro vi de
a
c on si st en t
o b ec t7 or ie nt ed
p ro gr am mi ng
environment w'et'er obect code is stored and e#ec&ted l oca ll y
e #e c& te d
l oc al ly
b &t
0 nt er ne t7 di st ri b& te d
or
e#ec&ted remotely. •
o p r o vi d e a c o d e7 e # ec & t i on e n vi r o n me n t t ' a t m i n i m i6 e s software deployment and versioning conflicts.
•
o provide a code7e#ec&tion environment t'at g&arantees s af e e #e c& ti on
o f c od e
i nc l& di ng
c od e c re at ed
by an
&nknown or semi7tr&sted t'ird party. •
o p r o vi d e a c o d e7 e # ec & t i on e n vi r o n me n t t ' a t e l i m in a t es t 'e
p er fo rm an ce
p ro bl em s
of
s cr ip te d
or
i nt er pr et ed
environments. •
o make t'e developer e#perience consistent across widely v ar y in g
t yp e s
of
a p pl i ca t io ns
s &c '
as
@ i nd o ws 7 ba s ed
applications and @eb7based applications. •
o b & i l d a l l c o m m & n i c a t i o n o n i n d & s t r y s t a n d a r d s t o e n s & r e t'at code based on t'e ." %ramework can integrate wit' any ot'er code.
' e
. "
% r am ewo rk
'a s
t wo
m ai n
c om po ne n ts
t' e
c o m mo n
l a n g & a g e r & n t i m e a n d t ' e . " % r a m e w o r k c l a s s l i b r a r y. ' e c o m m o n l a n g &a g e r & n t i m e i s t ' e f o & n d a ti o n o f t ' e . " % r a me w or k . Ho & c a n
t'ink of t'e r&ntime as an agent t'at manages code at e#ec&tion time p ro vi di ng
c or e
se rvi ce s
s &c '
as
m em or y
m an ag em en t
t 'r ea d
management and remoting w'ile also enforcing strict type safety and ot'er forms of code acc&racy t'at ens&re sec&rity and rob&stness. 0n fact t'e concept of code management is a f&ndamental principle of t 'e r &n ti me . C od e t 'a t t ar ge ts t 'e r &n ti m e i s k no wn a s m an ag ed c od e w' il e c od e t 'a t d oe s no t t ar ge t t 'e r &n ti me i s k no wn a s & n ma na g ed c o de . 'e c l as s l i br a ry t ' e o t 'e r m a in c o mp o ne n t o f t'e ." %ramework is a compre'ensive obect7oriented collection of re&sable types t'at yo& can &se to develop applications ranging f ro m
t ra di ti on al
c om ma nd 7l in e
or
g ra p' ic al
& se r
i nt er fa ce
( 0E
applications to applications based on t'e latest innovations provided b y A $ P. " s & c ' a s @ e b % o r m s a n d G @ e b s e r v i c e s . 'e ." %ramework can be 'osted by &nmanaged components t'at load t'e common lang&age r&ntime into t'eir processes and initiate t 'e
e # e c& ti on
of
m an ag e d
c o d e
t ' er eb y
c r ea ti ng
a
s of twa re
environment t'at can e#ploit bot' managed and &nmanaged feat&res. ' e . " % ra m ew or k n ot o nl y p ro v id e s s e ve r al r &n t im e ' o st s b &t also s&pports t'e development of t'ird7party r&ntime 'osts. % or
e #a mp le A$ P. " ' os ts
t 'e
r &n ti m e t o p ro vi de
a
s ca la bl e
server7side environment for managed code. A$P." works directly w it ' t ' e r & nt i me t o e na b le @ e b % o r m s a p p l ic a ti o ns a n d G @ e b services bot' of w'ic' are disc&ssed later in t'is topic. 0 n te r ne t " #p l or e r i s a n e #a m pl e o f a n & n ma na g ed a p pl i ca t io n t ' at ' os ts t 'e r &n ti me in t 'e f or m o f a 0 " t yp e e #t en si on E. si ng 0nternet "#plorer to 'ost t'e r&ntime enables yo& to embed managed components or @indows %orms controls in * doc&ments. *osting t 'e r &n ti me i n t 'i s wa y m ak es m an ag ed m ob il e c od e si mi la r t o ic r os o ft L
Ac t ive GL
c o n tr ol sE
p o s si bl e
b& t
wi t'
s i gn i fi ca n t
i m p r o v e m e n t s t ' a t o n l y m a n a g e d c o d e c a n o f f e r s & c ' a s s e m i 7 t r & s t e d e#ec&tion and sec&re isolated file storage.
*eatures of t,e Common Lan$ua$e Runtime 'e c om mo n l an g& ag e r &n ti me m an ag es
m em or y
t 'r ea d
e # e c& t i o n c o d e e # e c& t i o n c o d e s a f et y v e r if i c at i o n c o m pi l a t io n a n d o t 'e r s ys t em s e rv i ce s . 'e se f e at & re s a re i n tr i ns i c t o t ' e managed code t'at r&ns on t'e common lang&age r&ntime. @ i t' r e ga r ds t o s e c& r it y m a na ge d c om p on e nt s a re a wa r de d varying degrees of tr&st depending on a n&mber of factors t'at incl&de t'eir origin s&c' as t'e 0nternet enterprise network or local comp&terE. 'is means t'at a managed component mig't or m ig 't
n ot
b e a bl e t o p er fo rm
f il e7 ac ce ss
o pe ra ti on s
r eg is tr y7
access operations or ot'er sensitive f&nctions even if it is being &sed in t'e same active application. 'e r&ntime enforces code access sec&rity. %or e#ample &sers can tr&st t'at an e#ec&table embedded in a @eb page can play an a ni ma ti on o n s cr ee n o r s in g a s on g b &t c an no t a cc es s t 'e ir personal data file system or network. 'e sec&rity feat&res of t'e r & n t im e t ' & s e n a bl e l e g i ti m a t e 0 n t er n e t7 d e pl o y ed s o f tw a re t o b e e#ceptionally feat&re ric'. 'e r&ntime also enforces code rob&stness by implementing a strict type7 and code7verification infrastr&ct&re called t'e common type system C$E. 'e C$ ens&res t'at all managed code is self7 d es cr ib in g.
'e
v ar io &s
ic ro so ft
a nd
t 'i rd 7p ar ty
l an g& ag e
c o m p il e r s g e n e r a te m a n a ge d c o d e t ' a t c o n fo r m s t o t ' e C $ . ' i s means t'at managed code can cons&me ot'er managed types and instances w'ile strictly enforcing type fidelity and type safety. 0n addition t'e managed environment of t'e r&ntime eliminates m an y
c om mo n
s o ft wa r e
i s s &e s .
%o r
e #a mp le
t 'e
r & nt im e
a & to m at i ca l ly ' an d le s o b e ct l a yo & t a n d m a na g es r e fe re n ce s t o o b ec t s r e l e a s in g t ' e m w ' e n t ' e y a r e n o l o n g er b e i n g & s e d . ' i s a & to m at i c m e mo r y m a na ge m en t r e so l ve s t ' e t wo m o st c om m on application errors memory leaks and invalid memory references.
'e
r &n ti me
a ls o
ac ce le ra te s
d eve lo pe r
p ro d& ct iv it y.
% or
e#ample programmers can write applications in t'eir development l a ng & ag e o f c ' oi c e y et t a ke f & ll a d va n ta g e o f t ' e r & nt i me t ' e class library and components written in ot'er lang&ages by ot'er d e v e l o p e r s . An y c o m p i l e r v e n d o r w ' o c ' o o s e s t o t a r g e t t ' e r & n t i m e c a n d o s o . a ng & ag e c om p il e rs t ' at t a rg e t t ' e . " % r am e wo r k m a ke t ' e f e at & re s o f t ' e . " % r am e wo r k a v ai l ab l e t o e # is t in g code written in t'at lang&age greatly easing t'e migration process for e#isting applications. @'ile t'e r&ntime is designed for t'e software of t'e f&t&re it a l so s & pp o rt s s o ft wa r e o f t o da y a n d y es t er d ay. 0 n te r op e ra b il i ty b e tw ee n m a na g ed a nd & n ma na g ed c o de e n ab l es d e ve l op e rs t o contin&e to &se necessary C! components and Ds. ' e r & n t i m e i s d e s ig n e d t o e n ' an c e p e r fo r m a nc e . A l t ' o& g ' t ' e c om mo n
l an g& ag e
r &n ti me
p ro vi de s
m an y
s ta nd ar d
r &n ti me
services managed code is never interpreted. A feat&re called &st7 i n 7t i me K 0 E c o mp i li n g e n a b le s a l l m a n a ge d c o de t o r & n i n t ' e native mac'ine lang&age of t'e system on w'ic' it is e#ec&ting. ea nw 'i l e
t 'e
m em or y
m an ag er
r em o ve s
t 'e
p os si bi li ti es
of
fragmented memory and increases memory locality7of7reference to f&rt'er increase performance. %inally t'e r&ntime can be 'osted by 'ig'7performance server7 side applications s&c' as icrosoftL $> $erverM and 0nternet 0 n f or m a t io n $ e r vi c e s 0 0 $E . ' i s i n f r a s t r& c t & re e n a bl e s y o & t o & s e managed code to write yo&r b&siness logic w'ile still enoying t'e s&perior performance of t'e ind&strys best enterprise servers t'at s&pport r&ntime 'osting. Common 'y!e System 'e common type system defines 'ow types are declared &sed
and managed in t'e r&ntime and is also an important part of t'e
r&ntimes s&pport for cross7lang&age integration. 'e common type system performs t'e following f&nctions "stablis'es a framework t'at enables cross7lang&age integration type safety and 'ig' performance code e#ec&tion. P r ov id e s a n o b e c t7 o ri e nt ed
m o de l t ' at
s & pp o rt s t ' e c om p le t e
implementation of many programming lang&ages. Defines r&les t'at lang&ages m&st follow w'ic' 'elps ens&re t'at obects written in different lang&ages can interact wit' eac' ot'er. 0n 'is $ection Common ype $ystem !verview Describes concepts and defines terms relating to t'e common type system. ' y! e # e f i n i t i o n s #escries userHdefined ty!es. ' y! e ) e m e r s Describes events fields nested types met'ods and properties and
c o n c e p t s s & c ' a s m e m b e r o v e r l o a d i ng o v e r r i d i n g a n d i n ' e r i t a n c e . alue 'y!es
Describes b&ilt7in and &ser7defined val&e types. Classes
Describes t'e c'aracteristics of common lang&age r&ntime classes. #ele$ates
Describes t'e delegate obect w'ic' is t'e managed alternative to &nmanaged f&nction pointers. Arrays
Describes common lang&age r&ntime array types.
Interfaces
D es cr ib es
c 'a ra ct er is ti cs
of
i nt er fa ce s
a nd
t 'e
r es tr ic ti on s
on
interfaces imposed by t'e common lang&age r&ntime. 8ointers
D e s cr i b e s m a n ag e d p o i n te r s & n m an a g ed p o i nt e r s a n d & n m a na g e d f&nction pointers. Related Sections . +' *rameworD Class Lirary
P r ov i de s a r e fe r en c e t o t ' e c l as se s i n te r fa c es a nd v al & e t yp e s incl&ded in t'e icrosoft ." %ramework $DN. Common Lan$ua$e Runtime
D e s cr i b e s t ' e r & n 7 ti m e e n v ir o n m en t t ' a t m a n a g e s t ' e e # e c& t i o n o f code and provides application development services. CrossHLan$ua$e Intero!eraility
'e common lang&age r&ntime provides b&ilt7in s&pport for lang&age i nt er op er ab il it y.
* ow ev er
t 'i s
s &p po rt
d oe s
n ot
g &a ra nt ee
t 'a t
developers &sing anot'er programming lang&age can &se code yo& w r i t e . o e n s & r e t ' a t y o & c a n d e v e l o p m a n a g e d c o d e t ' a t c a n b e f & l l y & se d b y
d ev el op er s & si ng
l an g& ag e f ea t& re s a nd
a ny
r &l es
p ro gr am mi ng
f or
& si ng
l an g& ag e
a
t 'e m c al le d t 'e
s et
of
C om m on
a ng & ag e $ pe c if i ca t io n C $ E ' a s b e en d e fi n ed . C om p on e nt s t 'a t follow t'ese r&les and e#pose only C$ feat&res are considered C$7 compliant. 'i s
s ec ti on
d es cr ib es
t 'e
c om m on
l an g& ag e
r &n ti me s
b &i lt 7i n
s&pport for lang&age interoperability and e#plains t'e role t'at t'e C $ p l a ys i n e n a bl i n g g & a ra n t ee d c r o s s7 l a ng & a ge i n t er o p er a b i li t y. C $
f ea t& re s
disc&ssed.
a nd
r &l es
a re
i de nt if ie d
a nd
C $
c om pl ia nc e
is
In ',is Section Lan$ua$e Intero!eraility
D e sc ri b es
b &i l t7 i n s & pp o rt
f o r c r os s 7l a ng &a g e i n te r op er a bi l it y a n d
introd&ces t'e Common ang&age $pecification.
>,at is t,e Common Lan$ua$e S!ecification
"#plains t'e need for a set of feat&res common to all lang&ages and identifies C$ r&les and feat&res.
>ritin$ CLSHCom!liant Code
D is c& ss es
t 'e
m ea ni ng
of
C $
c om pl ia nc e
f or
c om po ne nt s
a nd
identifies levels of C$ compliance for tools.
Common 'y!e System
D es cr ib es
' ow
t yp es
a re
d ec la re d
& se d
a nd
m an ag ed
by
t 'e
common lang&age r&ntime.
)etadata and SelfH#escriin$ Com!onents
"#plains t'e common lang&age r&ntimes mec'anism for describing a type and storing t'at information wit' t'e t ype itself. . +' *rameworD Class Lirary
'e ." %ramework class library is a collection of re&sable types t'at tig'tly integrate wit' t'e common lang&age r&ntime. 'e class l ib ra ry
i s o b ec t
o ri en te d
p ro vi di ng
t yp es
f ro m
w 'i c'
yo &r
o wn
m a n a g e d c o d e c a n d e r i v e f & n c t i o n a l i t y. ' i s n o t o n l y m a k e s t ' e . " %ramework types easy to &se b&t also red&ces t'e time associated wit' learning new feat&res of t'e ." %ramework. 0n addition t'ird7
p a r t y c o m p o ne n t s c a n i n t eg r a t e s e a m l es s l y w i t ' c l a ss e s i n t ' e . " %ramework. %or e#ample t'e ." %ramework collection classes implement a set of interfaces t'at yo& can &se to develop yo&r own collection classes. Ho& r c o ll e ct i on c l as s es w il l b l en d s e am l es s ly w it ' t ' e c l as s es i n t'e ." %ramework.
A#.+' verview AD!." is an evol&tion of t'e AD! data access model t'at directly addresses c&stomer re,&irements for developing scalable applications. 0t was designed specifically for t'e web wit' scalability statelessness and G in mind. AD!." &ses some AD! obects s&c' as t'e Connection and Command obects and also introd&ces new obects. Ney new AD!." obects incl&de t'e #ataset #ata Reader and #ata Ada!ter . 'e important distinction between t'is evolved stage of AD!." and previo&s data arc'itect&res is t'at t'ere e#ists an obect 77 t'e #ataset 77 t'at is separate and distinct from any data stores. 9eca&se of t'at t'e #ataset f&nctions as a standalone entity. Ho& can t'ink of t'e Data$et as an always disconnected record set t'at knows not'ing abo&t t'e so&rce or destination of t'e data it contains. 0nside a #ataset m&c' like in a database t'ere are tables col&mns relations'ips constraints views and so fort'. A #ata Ada!ter is t'e obect t'at connects to t'e database to fill t'e #ataset. 'en it connects back to t'e database to &pdate t'e data t'ere based on operations performed w'ile t'e #ataset 'eld t'e data. 0n t'e past data processing 'as been primarily connection7based. ow in an effort to make m<i7tiered apps more efficient data processing is t&rning to a message7based approac' t'at revolves aro&nd c'&nks of information. At t'e center of t'is approac' is t'e #ata Ada!ter w'ic' provides a bridge to retrieve and save data between a #ataset and its so&rce data store. 0t accomplis'es t'is by means of re,&ests to t'e appropriate $> commands made against t'e data store. 'e G7based #ataset obect provides a consistent programming model t'at works wit' all models of data storage flat relational and 'ierarc'ical. 0t does t'is by 'aving no knowledge of t'e so&rce of its data and by representing t'e data t'at it 'olds as collections and data types. o matter w'at t'e so&rce of t'e data wit'in t'e #ataset is it is manip&lated t'ro&g' t'e same set of standard AP0s e#posed t'ro&g' t'e #ataset and its s&bordinate obects. @'ile t'e #ataset 'as no knowledge of t'e so&rce of its data t'e managed provider 'as detailed and specific information. 'e role of t'e managed provider is to connect fill and persist t'e #ataset to and
from data stores. 'e !" D9 and $> $erver ." Data Providers $ystem.Data.!leDb and $ystem.Data.$,lClientE t'at are part of t'e .et %ramework provide fo&r basic obects t'e Command Connection #ataReader and #ataAda!ter . 0n t'e remaining sections of t'is doc&ment well walk t'ro&g' eac' part of t'e #ataSet and t'e !" D9)$> $erver ." Data Providers e#plaining w'at t'ey are and 'ow to program against t'em. 'e following sections will introd&ce yo& to some obects t'at 'ave evolved and some t'at are new. 'ese obects are
•
Connections. %or connection to and managing transactions against a
database. •
Commands. %or iss&ing $> commands against a database.
•
#ataReaders. %or reading a forward7only stream of data records from a $>
$erver data so&rce. •
#ataSets. %or storing remoting and programming against flat data G data
and relational data. •
#ataAda!ters. %or p&s'ing data into a #ataSet and reconciling data against
a database. @'en dealing wit' connections to a database t'ere are two different options $> $erver ." Data Provider $ystem.Data.$,lClientE and !" D9 ." Data Provider $ystem.Data.!leDbE. 0n t'ese samples we will &se t'e $> $erver ." Data Provider. 'ese are written to talk directly to icrosoft $> $erver. 'e !" D9 ." Data Provider is &sed to talk to a ny !" D9 provider as it &ses !" D9 &nderneat'E.
Connections Connections are &sed to talk to databases and are respresented by provider7specific classes s&c' as SGLConnection . Commands travel over connections and res<sets are ret&rned in t'e form of streams w'ic' can be read by a #ataReader obect or p&s'ed into a #ataSet obect.
Commands Commands contain t'e information t'at is s&bmitted to a database and are represented by provider7 specific classes s&c' as SGLCommand. A command can be a stored proced&re call an PDA" statement or a statement t'at ret&rns res<s. Ho& can also &se inp&t and o&tp&t parameters and ret&rn val&es as part of yo&r command synta#. 'e e#ample below s'ows 'ow to iss&e an 0$"+ statement against t'e ort,wind database.
#ataReaders 'e #ataReader obect is somew'at synonymo&s wit' a read7only)forward7only c&rsor over data. 'e #ataReader AP0 s&pports flat as well as 'ierarc'ical data. A #ataReader obect is ret&rned after e#ec&ting a command against a database. 'e format of t'e ret&rned #ataReader obect is different from a recordset. %or e#ample yo& mig't &se t'e #ataReader to s'ow t'e res<s of a searc' list in a web page.
#ataSets and #ataAda!ters
#ataSets 'e #ataSet obect is similar to t'e AD! Recordset obect b&t more powerf&l and wit' one ot'er important distinction t'e #ataSet is always disconnected. 'e #ataSet obect represents a cac'e of data wit' database7like str&ct&res s&c' as tables col&mns relations'ips and constraints. *owever t'o&g' a #ataSet can and does be'ave m&c' like a database it is important to remember t'at #ataSet obects do not interact directly wit' databases or ot'er so&rce data. 'is allows t'e developer to work wit' a programming model t'at is always consistent regardless of w'ere t'e so&rce data resides. Data coming from a database an G file from code or c&stomer inp&t can all be placed into #ataSet obects. 'en as c'anges are made to t'e #ataSet t'ey can be tracked and verified before &pdating t'e so&rce data. 'e ?etC,an$es met'od of t'e #ataSet obect act&ally creates a second #atSet t'at contains only t'e c'anges to t'e data. 'is #ataSet is t'en &sed by a #ataAda!ter or ot'er obectsE to &pdate t'e original data so&rce. 'e #ataSet 'as many G c'aracteristics incl&ding t'e ability to prod&ce and cons&me G data and G sc'emas. G sc'emas can be &sed to describe sc'emas interc'anged via @eb$ervices. 0n fact a #ataSet wit' a sc'ema can act&ally be compiled for type safety and statement completion.
#ataAda!ters L+#-/SGL 'e #ataAda!ter obect works as a bridge between t'e #ataSet and t'e so&rce data. sing t'e provider7specific Sl#ataAda!ter along wit' its associated SlCommand and SlConnection E can increase overall performance w'en working wit' a icrosoft $> $erver databases. %or ot'er !" D97 s&pported databases yo& wo&ld &se t'e le##ataAda!ter obect and its associated le#Command and le#Connection obects. 'e #ataAda!ter obect &ses commands to &pdate t'e data so&rce after c'anges 'ave been made to t'e #ataSet. sing t'e *ill met'od of t'e #ataAda!ter calls t'e $""C command= &sing t'e !date met'od calls t'e 0$"+ PDA" or D""" command for eac' c'anged row. Ho& can e#plicitly set t'ese commands in order to control t'e statements &sed at r&ntime to resolve c'anges incl&ding t'e &se of stored proced&res. %or ad7'oc scenarios a Command-uilder obect can generate t'ese at r&n7time based &pon a select statement. *owever t'is r&n7time generation re,&ires an e#tra ro&nd7trip to t'e
server in order to gat'er re,&ired metadata so e#plicitly providing t'e 0$"+ PDA" and D""" commands at design time will res< in better r&n7time performance.
1. AD!." is t'e ne#t evol&tion of AD! for t'e .et %ramework. 2. AD!." was created wit' n7ier statelessness and G in t'e forefront. wo new obects t'e #ataSet and #ataAda!ter are provided for t'ese scenarios. 3. AD!." can be &sed to get data from a stream or to store data in a cac'e for &pdates. 4. 'ere is a lot more information abo&t AD!." in t'e doc&mentation. 5. +emember yo& can e#ec&te a command directly against t'e database in order to do inserts &pdates and deletes. Ho& dont need to first p&t data into a #ataSet in order to insert &pdate or delete it.
-. Also yo& can &se a #ataSet to bind to t'e data move t'ro&g' t'e data and navigate data relations'ips AS8.+' Server A!!lication #evelo!ment
$erver7side applications in t'e managed world are implemented t'ro&g' r&ntime 'osts. nmanaged applications 'ost t'e common lang&age r&ntime w'ic' allows yo&r c&stom managed code to control t'e be'avior of t'e server. 'is model provides yo& wit' all t'e feat&res of t'e common lang&age r&ntime and class library w'ile gaining t'e performance and scalability of t'e 'ost server. 'e following ill&stration s'ows a basic network sc'ema wit' managed code r&nning in different server environments. $ervers s&c' as 00$ and $> $erver can perform standard operations w'ile yo&r application logic e#ec&tes t'ro&g' t'e managed code. S+R+RHSI#+ )AA?+# C#+
A$P." is t'e 'osting environment t'at enables developers to &se t'e ." %ramework to target @eb7based applications. *owever A$P." is more t'an &st a r&ntime 'ost= it is a complete arc'itect&re for developing @eb sites and 0nternet7 distrib&ted obects &sing managed code. 9ot' @eb %orms and G @eb services &se
00$ and A$P." as t'e p&blis'ing mec'anism for applications and bot' 'ave a collection of s&pporting classes in t'e ." %ramework. G @eb services an important evol&tion in @eb7based tec'nology are distrib&ted server7side application components similar to common @eb sites. *owever &nlike @eb7based applications G @eb services components 'ave no 0 and are not targeted for browsers s&c' as 0nternet "#plorer and etscape avigator. 0nstead G @eb services consist of re&sable software components designed to be cons&med by ot'er applications s&c' as traditional client applications @eb7based applications or even ot'er G @eb services. As a res< G @eb services tec'nology is rapidly moving application development and deployment into t'e 'ig'ly distrib&ted environment of t'e 0nternet. 0f yo& 'ave &sed earlier versions of A$P tec'nology yo& will immediately notice t'e improvements t'at A$P." and @eb %orms offers. %or e#ample yo& can develop @eb %orms pages in any lang&age t'at s&pports t'e ." %ramework. 0n addition yo&r code no longer needs to s'are t'e same file wit' yo&r *P te#t alt'o&g' it can contin&e to do so if yo& preferE. @eb %orms pages e#ec&te in native mac'ine lang&age beca&se like any ot'er managed application t'ey take f&ll advantage of t'e r&ntime. 0n contrast &nmanaged A$P pages are always scripted and interpreted. A$P." pages are faster more f&nctional and easier to develop t'an &nmanaged A$P pages beca&se t'ey interact wit' t'e r&ntime like any managed application. 'e ." %ramework also provides a collection of classes and tools to aid in development and cons&mption of G @eb services applications. G @eb services are b&ilt on standards s&c' as $!AP a remote proced&re7call protocolE G an e#tensible data formatE and @$D t'e @eb $ervices Description ang&ageE. 'e ." %ramework is b&ilt on t'ese standards to promote interoperability wit' non7 icrosoft sol&tions. %or e#ample t'e @eb $ervices Description ang&age tool incl&ded wit' t'e ." %ramework $DN can ,&ery an G @eb service p&blis'ed on t'e @eb parse its @$D description and prod&ce CO or :is&al 9asic so&rce code t'at yo&r application can &se to become a client of t'e G @eb service. 'e so&rce code can create classes derived from classes in t'e class library t'at 'andle all t'e &nderlying comm&nication &sing $!AP and G parsing. Alt'o&g' yo& can &se t'e class library to cons&me G @eb services directly t'e @eb $ervices Description ang&age tool and
t'e ot'er tools contained in t'e $DN facilitate yo&r development efforts wit' t'e ." %ramework. 0f yo& develop and p&blis' yo&r own G @eb service t'e ." %ramework provides a set of classes t'at conform to all t'e &nderlying comm&nication standards s&c' as $!AP @$D and G. sing t'ose classes enables yo& to foc&s on t'e logic of yo&r service wit'o&t concerning yo&rself wit' t'e comm&nications infrastr&ct&re re,&ired by distrib&ted software development. %inally like @eb %orms pages in t'e managed environment yo&r G @eb service will r&n wit' t'e speed of native mac'ine lang&age &sing t'e scalable comm&nication of 00$.
AC'I+ S+R+R 8A?+S.+'
A$P." is a programming framework b&ilt on t'e common lang&age r&ntime t'at can be &sed on a server to b&ild powerf&l @eb applications. A$P." offers several important advantages over previo&s @eb development models •
+n,anced 8erformance. A$P." is compiled common lang&age r&ntime code
r&nning on t'e server. nlike its interpreted predecessors A$P." can take advantage of early binding &st7in7time compilation native optimi6ation and cac'ing services rig't o&t of t'e bo#. 'is amo&nts to dramatically better performance before yo& ever write a line of code. •
>orldHClass 'ool Su!!ort. 'e A$P." framework is complemented by a ric'
toolbo# and designer in t'e :is&al $t&dio integrated development environment. @H$0@H( editing drag7and7drop server controls and a&tomatic deployment are &st a few of t'e feat&res t'is powerf&l tool provides. •
8ower and *leEiility. 9eca&se A$P." is based on t'e common lang&age
r&ntime t'e power and fle#ibility of t'at entire platform is available to @eb application developers. 'e ." %ramework class library essaging and Data Access sol&tions are all seamlessly accessible from t'e @eb. A$P." is also lang&age7independent so yo& can c'oose t'e lang&age t'at best applies to yo&r application or partition yo&r application across many lang&ages. %&rt'er common lang&age r&ntime interoperability g&arantees t'at yo&r e#isting investment in C!7 based development is preserved w'en migrating to A$P.". •
Sim!licity. A$P." makes it easy to perform common tasks from simple form
s&bmission and client a&t'entication to deployment and site config&ration. %or
e#ample t'e A$P." page framework allows yo& to b&ild &ser interfaces t'at cleanly separate application logic from presentation code and to 'andle events in a simple :is&al 9asic 7 like forms processing model. Additionally t'e common lang&age r&ntime simplifies development wit' managed code services s&c' as a&tomatic reference co&nting and garbage collection. •
)ana$eaility. A$P." employs a te#t7based 'ierarc'ical config&ration
system w'ic' simplifies applying settings to yo&r server environment and @eb applications. 9eca&se config&ration information is stored as plain te#t new settings may be applied wit'o&t t'e aid of local administration tools. 'is 6ero local administration p'ilosop'y e#tends to deploying A$P." %ramework applications as well. An A$P." %ramework application is deployed to a server simply by copying t'e necessary files to t'e server. o server restart is re,&ired even to deploy or replace r&nning compiled code. •
Scalaility and Availaility. A$P." 'as been designed wit' scalability in
mind wit' feat&res specifically tailored to improve performance in cl&stered and m<iprocessor environments. %&rt'er processes are closely monitored and managed by t'e A$P." r&ntime so t'at if one misbe'aves leaks deadlocksE a new process can be created in its place w'ic' 'elps keep yo&r application constantly available to 'andle re,&ests. •
Customiaility
and
+Etensiility.
A$P."
delivers
a
well7factored
arc'itect&re t'at allows developers to pl&g7in t'eir code at t'e appropriate level. 0n fact it is possible to e#tend or replace any s&bcomponent of t'e A$P." r&ntime wit' yo&r own c&stom7written component. 0mplementing c&stom a&t'entication or state services 'as never been easier. •
Security. @it' b&ilt in @indows a&t'entication and per7application config&ration
yo& can be ass&red t'at yo&r applications are sec&re.
LA?A?+ S88R'
'e icrosoft ." Platform c&rrently offers b&ilt7in s&pport for t'ree lang&ages CO :is&al 9asic and K$cript. >A' IS AS8.+' >+- *R)S
'e A$P." @eb %orms page framework is a scalable common lang&age r&ntime programming model t'at can be &sed on t'e server to dynamically generate @eb pages. 0ntended as a logical evol&tion of A$P A$P." provides synta# compatibility wit' e#isting pagesE t'e A$P." @eb %orms framework 'as been specifically designed to address a n&mber of key deficiencies in t'e previo&s model. 0n partic&lar it provides •
'e ability to create and &se re&sable 0 controls t'at can encaps&late common f&nctionality and t'&s red&ce t'e amo&nt of code t'at a page developer 'as to write.
•
'e ability for developers to cleanly str&ct&re t'eir page logic in an orderly fas'ion not spag'etti codeE.
•
'e ability for development tools to provide strong @H$0@H( design s&pport for pages e#isting A$P code is opa,&e to toolsE.
A$P." @eb %orms pages are te#t files wit' an .asp# file name e#tension. 'ey can be deployed t'ro&g'o&t an 00$ virt&al root directory tree. @'en a browser client re,&ests .asp# reso&rces t'e A$P." r&ntime parses and compiles t'e target file into a ." %ramework class. 'is class can t'en be &sed to dynamically process incoming re,&ests. ote t'at t'e .asp# file is compiled only t'e first time it is accessed= t'e compiled type instance is t'en re&sed across m<iple re,&estsE. An A$P." page can be created simply by taking an e#isting * file and c'anging its file name e#tension to .asp# no modification of code is re,&iredE. %or e#ample t'e following sample demonstrates a simple * page t'at collects a &sers name and category preference and t'en performs a form postback to t'e originating page w'en a b&tton is clicked A$P." provides synta# compatibility wit' e#isting A$P pages. 'is incl&des s&pport for QR RS code render blocks t'at can be intermi#ed wit' * content wit'in an .asp# file. 'ese code blocks e#ec&te in a top7down manner at page render time. C#+H-+I# >+- *R)S
A$P." s&pports two met'ods of a&t'oring dynamic pages. 'e first is t'e met'od s'own in t'e preceding samples w'ere t'e page code is p'ysically declared wit'in t'e originating .asp# file. An alternative approac'77known as t'e code7be'ind
met'od77enables t'e page code to be more cleanly separated from t'e * content into an entirely separate file. I'R#C'I ' AS8.+' S+R+R C'RLS
0n addition to or instead ofE &sing QR RS code blocks to program dynamic content A$P." page developers can &se A$P." server controls to program @eb pages. $erver controls are declared wit'in an .asp# file &sing c&stom tags or intrinsic * tags t'at contain a runatJKserverK attrib&tes val&e. 0ntrinsic * tags are 'andled by one of t'e controls in t'e System.>e.I.tmlControls namespace. Any tag t'at doesnt e#plicitly map to one of t'e controls is assigned t'e type of System.>e.I.tmlControls.tml?enericControl .
$erver controls a&tomatically maintain any client7entered val&es between ro&nd trips to t'e server. 'is control state is not stored on t'e server it is instead stored wit'in an in!ut ty!eJK,iddenKM form field t'at is ro&nd7tripped between re,&estsE. ote also t'at no client7side script is re,&ired. 0n addition to s&pporting standard * inp&t controls A$P." enables developers to &tili6e ric'er c&stom controls on t'eir pages. %or e#ample t'e following sample demonstrates 'ow t'e as!@adrotatorM control can be &sed to dynamically display rotating ads on a page. 1. A$P." @eb %orms provide an easy and powerf&l way to b&ild dynamic @eb 0. 2. A$P." @eb %orms pages can target any browser client t'ere are no script library or cookie re,&irementsE. 3. A$P." @eb %orms pages provide synta# compatibility wit' e#isting A$P pages. 4. A$P." server controls provide an easy way to encaps&late common f&nctionality. 5. A$P." s'ips wit' 45 b&ilt7in server controls. Developers can also &se controls b&ilt by t'ird parties. -. A$P." server controls can a&tomatically proect bot' &plevel and downlevel *. /. A$P." templates provide an easy way to c&stomi6e t'e look and feel of list server controls. 8. A$P." validation controls provide an easy way to do declarative client or server data validation.
&.0. '+S'I? &.1.
Introduction
$oftware testing is a critical element of software ,&ality ass&rance and represents t'e <imate reviews of specification design and coding. esting represents an interesting anomaly for t'e software. D&ring earlier definition and development p'ases it was attempted to b&ild software from an abstract concept to a tangible implementation. o system is error free beca&se it is so till t'e ne#t error drops &p d&ring any p'ase of t'e development or &sage of t'e prod&ct. A sincere effort 'owever needs to be p&t to bring o&t a prod&ct t'at is satisfactory.
'e testing p'ase involves t'e testing of development system &sing vario&s data. Preparation of t'e test data plays a vital role in system testing. After preparing t'e test data t'e system &nder st&dy was tested &sing t'ose data. @'ile testing t'e system by &sing t'e test data errors were fo&nd and corrected by &sing t'e following testing steps and corrections were also noted for f&t&re &se. '&s a series of testing is performed on t'e proposed system before t'e system is ready for implementation. '+S' 8LA@
'e importance of software testing and its implications cannot be overemp'asi6ed. $oftware testing is a critical element of $oftware >&ality Ass&rance and represents t'e <imate review of t'e specifications design and coding.
Software 'estin$@
As t'e coding is completed according to t'e re,&irement we 'ave to test t'e ,&ality of t'e software. $oftware testing is a critical element of t'e software ,&ality ass&rance and represents t'e <imate review of specification design and coding. Alt'o&g' testing is to
&ncover t'e errors in t'e software f&nctions appear to be working as per t'e specification t'ose performance re,&irements appear top 'ave been met. 0n addition data collected as testing is cond&cted provide a good indication of software reliability and some indications of software ,&ality as a w'ole. o ass&re t'e software ,&ality we cond&ct bot' w'ite bo# testing and black bo# testing.
>,ite oE testin$
@'ite bo# testing is a test case design met'od t'at &ses t'e control str&ct&re of t'e proced&ral designs to derive test cases. As we are &sing a non proced&ral lang&age t'ere is very small scope for t'e w'ite bo# testing. @'enever it is necessary t'ere t'e control str&ct&res are tested and s&ccessf&lly passed all t'e control str&ct&res wit' a very minim&m errors.
-lacD oE testin$
0t foc&ses on t'e f&nctional re,&irements to t'e software. 0t enables to derive sets of inp&t conditions t'at will f&lly e#ercise all f&nctional re,&irements for a program. 'e 9lack bo# testing finds almost all errors. 0t finds some interface errors and errors in accessing t'e database and some performance errors. 0n 9lack bo# testing we &se two tec'ni,&es e,&ivalence partitioning t'e bo&ndary vol&me analy6ing tec'ni,&e.
System testin$@
0t is designated to &ncover weakness t'at was not detected in t'e earlier tests. 'e total system is tested for recovery and fallback after vario&s maor fail&res to ens&re t'at no data are lost. an acceptance test is done to validity and reliability of t'e system. 'e p'ilosop'y be'ind t'e testing is to find error in proect. 'ere are many test cases designed wit' t'is in mond.'e flow of testing is as follows
Code 'estin$ @
$pecification testing is done to c'eck if t'e program does wit' it s'o&ld do and 'ow it s'o&ld be'ave &nder vario&s condition or combinations and s&bmitted for
processing in t'e system and it is c'ecked if any overlaps occ&r d&ring t'e processing. 'is strategy e#amines t'e logic of t'e program. *ere only synta# of t'e code is tested. 0n code testing synta# errors are corrected to ens&re t'at t'e code is perfect.
nit 'estin$ @
'e first level of testing is called &nit testing. *ere different mod&les are tested against t'e specification prod&ced r&nning t'e design of t'e mod&les. nit testing is done to test t'e working of individ&al mod&les wit' test oracles. nit testing comprises a set of tests performed by an individ&al programmer prior to integration of t'e &nits into a large system. A program &nit is &s&ally small eno&g' t'at t'e programmer w'o developed it can test it in a great detail. nit testing foc&ses first on t'e mod&les to locate errors. 'ese errors are verified and corrected so t'at t'e &nit perfectly fits to t'e proect.
System 'estin$ @
'e ne#t level of testing is system testing and acceptance testing. 'is testing is done to c'eck if t'e system 'as met its re,&irements and to find t'e e#ternal be'avior of t'e system. $ystem testing involves two kinds of activities.
0ntegration testing
Acceptance testing
'e ne#t level of testing is called t'e 0ntegration testing. 0n t'is many tested mod&les are combined into s&bsystems w'ic' were t'en tested. est case data is prepared to c'eck t'e control flow of all t'e mod&les and to e#'a&st all possible inp&ts to t'e program. $it&ations like treating t'e mod&les w'en t'ere is no data entered in t'e test bo# is also tested.
'is testing strategy dictates t'e order in w'ic' mod&les m&st be available and e#erts strong infl&ence on t'e order in w'ic' t'e mod&les m&st be
written deb&gged and &nit tested. 0n integration testing all mod&les on w'ic' &nit testingTg is performed are integrated toget'er and tested.
Acce!tance testin$@
'is testing is performed finally by &ser to demonstrate t'at t'e implemented system satisfies its re,&irements. 'e &ser gives vario&s inp&ts to get re,&ired o&tp&ts.
S!ecification 'estin$@
'is is done to c'eck if t'e program does w'at it s'o&ld do and 'ow it s'o&ld be'ave &nder vario&s conditions or combination and s&bmitted for processing in t'e system and it is c'ecked if any overlaps occ&r d&ring t'e processing.
8erformance 'ime 'estin$@
'is is done to determine 'ow long it takes to accept and respond i.e. t'e total time for processing w'en it 'as to 'andle ,&ite a large n&mber of records. 0t is essential to c'eck t'e e#ception speed of t'e system w'ic' r&ns well wit' only a 'andf&l of test transactions. $&c' systems mig't be slow w'en f&lly loaded. $o testing is done by providing large n&mber of data for processing. A system testing is designed to &ncover weaknesses t'at were not detected in t'e earlier tests.
'e total system is tested for recovery and fall back after vario&s maor fail&res to ens&re t'at no data is lost d&ring an emergency an acceptance test is done to ens&re abo&t t'e validity and reliability of t'e system.
&.2. 'est Cases
ame of t'e est Case ser Re$istration 8a$e 'est Case
'est Case #escri!tion
+E!ected Results
8ass / *ail
Actual Results
F1
Click on +egistration link
0t s'o&ld be open registration page wit'o&t missing any t'emes
Pass
0t 'as opened proper registration page by clicking t'e registration link
F2
Click on s&bmit b&tton wit'o&t giving &sername password email7id
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter &sername password email7id
Pass
0t 'as s'owing error message for ;enter &sername password email7id<
F3
"nter &sername email7id wit'o&t password
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter password
Pass
0t 'as displayed error message for ;enter password<
F4
"nter password email7id wit'o&t &sername
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter &sername
Pass
0t 'as displayed error message for ;enter &sername<
F5
"nter &sername password wit'o&t email7id
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter email7id
Pass
0t 'as displayed error message for ;enter email7id<
F-
"nter &nformatted email7id
0t s'o&ld be s'ow message to give proper email format
Pass
0t 'as displayed error message for ;enter proper formatted email7id<
F/
"nter valid &sername password email7id
0t s'o&ld be redirect to ot'er page
Pass
0t 'as redirected to ot'er page
ame of t'e est Case Lo$in 8a$e 'est Case N
'est Case #escri!tion
+E!ected Results
8ass / *ail
Actual Results
F1
Click on login link
0t s'o&ld be open login page wit'o&t missing any t'emes
Pass
0t 'as opened proper login page by clicking t'e login link
F2
Click on login b&tton wit'o&t giving &sername B password
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter &sername B password
Pass
0t 'as s'owing error message for ;enter &sername B password<
F3
"nter &sername wit'o&t password
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter password
Pass
0t 'as displayed error message for ;enter password<
F4
"nter password wit'o&t &sername
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter &sername
Pass
0t 'as displayed error message for ;enter &sername<
F5
"nter invalid &sername B password
0t s'o&ld be s'ow message for invalid &sername B password
Pass
0t 'as displayed error message for ;please enter valid &sername B password<
F-
"nter valid &sername B password
0t s'o&ld be redirect to ot'er page
Pass
0t 'as redirected to ot'er page
ame of t'e est Case Add *acilities 8a$e 'est Case N
'est Case #escri!tion
+E!ected Results
8ass / *ail
Actual Results
0t 'as opened proper add facilities page by clicking t'e facilities c'arge link
F1
Click on facilities c'arge link
0t s'o&ld be open add facilities page wit'o&t missing any t'emes
Pass
F2
Click on add b&tton wit'o&t giving proper details
0t s'o&ld be ask for enter t'e details
Pass
0t
'as
error message for ;enter
F3
"nter valid details
0t s'o&ld be redirect to ot'er page
s'owing
Pass
proper
details?. 0t s'o&ld be redirect to ot'er page
).*. +A"N$ENAN!E 'e obectives of t'is maintenance work are to make s&re t'at t'e system gets into work all time wit'o&t any b&g. Provision m&st be for environmental c'anges w'ic' may affect t'e comp&ter or software system. 'is is called t'e maintenance of t'e system. owadays t'ere is t'e rapid c'ange in t'e software world. D&e to t'is rapid c'ange t'e system s'o&ld be capable of adapting t'ese c'anges. 0n o&r proect t'e process can be added wit'o&t affecting ot'er parts of t'e system. aintenance plays a vital role. 'e system liable to accept any modification after its implementation. 'is system 'as been designed to favor all new c'anges. Doing t'is will not affect t'e system?s performance or its acc&racy.
10.0. *'R+ +AC+)+'
'e proect 'as covered almost all t'e re,&irements. %&rt'er re,&irements and improvements can easily be done since t'e coding is mainly str&ct&red or mod&lar in nat&re. 0mprovements can be appended by c'anging t'e e#isting mod&les or adding new mod&les. !ne important development t'at can be added to t'e proect in f&t&re is file level back&p w'ic' is presently done for folder level. •
'e si6e of t'e database increases day7by7day increasing t'e load on t'e database back &p and data maintenance activity.
•
raining for simple comp&ter operations is necessary for t'e
&sers working on t'e
system. •
@e 'ave to improve its (0 part to provide more attractive feat&res to t'e &ser.
11.0. CCLSI 0t 'as been a great pleas&re for me to work on t'is e#citing and c'allenging proect. 'is proect proved good for me as it provided practical knowledge of not only programming in A$P." and :9." web based application and no some e#tent @indows Application and $> $erver b&t also abo&t all 'andling proced&re related wit' ;*otel anagement $ystem<. 0t also provides knowledge abo&t t'e latest tec'nology &sed in developing web enabled application and client server tec'nology t'at will be great demand in f&t&re. 'is will provide better opport&nities and g&idance in f&t&re in developing proects independently.
'e proect is identified by t'e merits of t'e system offered to t'e &ser. 'e merits of t'is proect are as follows 7 •
0t?s a web7enabled proect.
•
'is proect offers &ser to enter t'e data t'ro&g' simple and interactive forms. 'is is very 'elpf&l for t'e client to enter t'e desired information t'ro&g' so m&c' simplicity.
•
'e &ser is mainly more concerned abo&t t'e validity of t'e data w'atever 'e is entering. 'ere are c'ecks on every stages of any new creation data entry or &pdate so t'at t'e &ser cannot enter t'e invalid data w'ic' can create problems at later date.
•
$ometimes t'e &ser finds in t'e later stages of &sing proect t'at 'e needs to &pdate some of t'e information t'at 'e entered earlier. 'ere are options for 'im by w'ic' 'e can &pdate t'e records. oreover t'ere is restriction for 'is t'at 'e cannot c'ange t'e primary data field. 'is keeps t'e validity of t'e data to longer e#tent.
•
ser is provided t'e option of monitoring t'e records 'e entered earlier. *e can see t'e desired records wit' t'e variety of options provided by 'im.
•
%rom every part of t'e proect t'e &ser is provided wit' t'e links t'ro&g' framing so t'at 'e can go from one option of t'e proect to ot'er as per t'e re,&irement. 'is is bo&nd to be simple and very friendly as per t'e &ser is concerned. 'at is we can say t'at t'e proect is &ser friendly w'ic' is one of t'e primary concerns of any good proect.
•
Data storage and retrieval will become faster and easier to maintain beca&se data is stored in a systematic manner and in a single database.
•
Decision making process wo&ld be greatly en'anced beca&se of faster processing of information since data collection from information available on comp&ter takes m&c' less time t'en man&al system.
•
Allocating of sample res<s becomes m&c' faster beca&se at a time t'e &ser can see t'e records of last years.
•
"asier and faster data transfer t'ro&g' latest tec'nology associated wit' t'e comp&ter and comm&nication.
•
'ro&g' t'ese feat&res it will increase t'e efficiency acc&racy and transparency
12.0. -I-LI?RA86
•
%or .et 0nstallation www.s&pport.mircosoft.com
•
%or Deployment And Packing !n $erver www.developer.com www.15seconds.com
•
%or $> www.msdn.microsoft.com
•
%or Asp.et www.msdn.microsoft.com)net),&ickstart)asppl&s)defa<.com www.asp.net www.fme#pense.com),&ickstart)asppl&s)defa<.com www.asptoday.com www.aspfree.com www.4g&ysfromrolla.com)inde#.asp#
