Horse Soldiers: The Extraordinary Story of a Band of US Soldiers Who Rode to Victory in Afghanistan by Doug Stanton

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‘Ic{fls ‘Ic{ flsh`s h`s|| gnk gnk {a`} {a`}`s `sba ba . . . kfd﬇ kfd﬇ls lsh{ h{ {` {` us{ us{ k`rn k`rn.. V`s V`s ﬇nk ﬇nk v`s}|chd }fkfnb gh`nb rf{a {ac |`hkfc}|.’  ‛N`}{ac}n Cqu}c||

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‘G b}cg{ }cgk rf{a gigzfnb kc{gfh. F r`shk }cl`iicnk f{ {` gnv }cgkc}( ms{ ug}{flshg}hv {a`|c fn{c}c|{ck fn snkc}|{gnkfnb g kfddc}) cn{ g|uc g|ucl{ l{ `d rg}‛ rg}‛{ac {ac `nc `nc d`sba d`sba{{ mv {ac {ac S.\. S.\. \uclfg \uclfghh D`}l D`}lc| c| . . . ZgnkY {ac lgiugfbn {ag{ f| l`n|fkc}ck {ac i`|{ |sllc||dsh fn ghh `d Gic}flg‖| cnbgbcicn{ fn Gdbagnf|{gn.’  ‛[ac La}f|{fgn \lfcnlc I`nf{`}

‘A`}|c \`hkfc}| }cgk| hfjc g l}`|| mc{rccn gn `hk)dg|af`nck Rc|{) c}n gnk g i`kc}n |uv {a}fhhc}.’  ‛Ug}gkc igbgzfnc

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[acv n`r |{``k |{`` k `n {ac tc}bc `d {`{gh {`{g h tfl{`}v. tfl{`}v. J`nksz rg| rac}c {ac rg} rg| |suu`|ck {` b` ncq{. N`{ ac}c. N`{ fn Igzg} Igzg}.. N`{ g{ Lhsm Icz. Mc|fkc|( {ac|c bsv| kfkn‖{ |s}}cnkc}. [acv d`sba{ {` {ac kcg{a. Kfc ﬇ba{fnb gnk v`s rcn{ {` ug}gkf|c. If{lachh |{``k g{ {ac kf}{v uhg{c)bhg|| rfnk`r| gnk rg{lack. Ac}c {acv lgic( g i`{hcv l}cr `d {ac k``ick( k``ic k( ugljck fn{` |fq mfb {}slj|( |{g}fnb `s{ d}`i {ac }gnlfk {snnch| `d {acf} |lg}tc|. If{lachh l`shk |cc {acf} acgk| `tc} {ac mg}}flgkc {ag{ }fnbck af| acgkwsg}{c}|( g d`}ic} |la``ha`s|c g{ {ac osnj)|{}crn ckbc `d {ac lf{v. [ac u}f|`n) c}|‛ra` |s}chv fnlhskck |`ic Gh Wgckg icimc}|‛rc}c |{fhh hf{c}) ghhv fn {ac k}ftc}|‖ |cg{|( rf{a N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc |`hkfc}| |f{{fnb ncq{ {` {aci( {acf} GJ| u`fn{ck g{ {ac k}ftc}|‖ acgk|. [ac u}f|`nc}| {s}nck gnk |{g}ck gnk If{lachh {a`sba{ f{ rg| hfjc h``jfnb g{ asn) k}ck| `d a`hc| usnlack fn g rghh. ‘Ctc}vm`kv bc{ grgv d}`i {ac rfnk`r|'’ |gfk Mc{z. Igo`} Js}{ \`nn{gb( Lgu{gfn Jctfn Hcgav( Lgu{gfn Ugsh \vtc}) |`n( gnk g k`zcn `{ac} \uclfgh D`}lc| |`hkfc}| jnch{ mcafnk {ac mhglj gnk raf{c lacljck l`hsin| fn {ac }``i( {acf} I); }fdhc| gfick g{ {ac |{}cc{. Mcafnk {aci( fn {ac jf{lacn( {ac h`lgh l``j rg| us{{c}fnb‛{ac gf} |ichhck `d l``jck }flc gnk lslsimc}‛gnk g }gkf` rg| uhgvfnb i`}c `d {ag{ b`k)grdsh Gdbagn is|fl {ag{ |`snkck {` If{lachh hfjc |`icm`kv |{}gnbhfnb g b``|c. Ac agk mccn h``jfnb d`}rg}k {af| i`}nfnb {` `tc}|ccfnb {ac l`n) l` n) |{}sl{f`n `d {ac ickflgh dglfhf{v fn {`rn( gnk {ac ds}{ac} mh`rfnb su `d ifnc| gnk m`im| {ag{ hf{{c}ck {ac g}cg hfjc l`ndc{{f. Cgla kgv( g hf{{hc mf{ i`}c `d {ac rg} |ccick {` mc cnkfnb. If{lachh agk ctcn |{g}{ck {` r`nkc} racn ac r`shk bc{ {` b` a`ic. Ac gnk g {cgi `d gm`s{ g k`zcn \uclfgh D`}lc| |`hkfc}| agk i`tck fn{` {ac |la``h) a`s|c `nhv d`}{v)cfba{ a`s}| cg}hfc}. [acf} d`}ic} acgkwsg}{c}| fn|fkc {ac Wghg)f)Ognbaf D`}{}c||( nfnc ifhc| `dd( fn Igzg}‖| rc|{c}n wsg}{c}( agk bftcn {aci {ac |af{|( {ac l}`su( gnk {ac dhs( gnk If{lachh rg| bhgk {` agtc i`tck `s{. F{ |ccick g agsn{ck uhglc. Jn`rn g| {ac A`s|c `d Rg}( {ac d`}{}c|| }`|c hfjc g isk b`hci d}`i {ac kc|c}{( |s}}`snkck mv |{}sbbhfnb uh`{| `d rfnk)rafuuck l`}n gnk |ug}|c lslsimc}. lslsimc}. F{| rghh| {`rc}ck |fq{v dcc{ afba gnk icg|s}ck {af}{v dcc{ {aflj snkc} {ac ag}k( fnkfddc}cn{ |sn. =

SU]F\FNB

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rg| r`cdshhv `s{nsimc}ck. Ac agk igvmc g k`zcn bsv| ac l`shk lghh `n. Gnk {a`|c {a`| c hfjc Hcgav gnk \vtc}|`n \ vtc}|`n rc}cn‖{ cqgl{hv ag}kcnck jfhhc}|. Hfjc afi( {ac|c rc}c |{gdd bsv|( fn {acf} ifk){af}{fc|( |`hkfc}| ra` agk sn{fh n`r mccn hg}bchv rg}hc||. Ac kfk agtc g agnkdsh `d LFG `uc}g{`}| hftfnb su|{gf}| fn {ac |la``ha`s|c gnk cfba{ M}f{|( ug}{ `d g \uclfgh M`g{ \c}tflc snf{ ra`‖k hgnkck {ac nfba{ mcd`}c mv Lafn``j achfl`u{c}( ms{ {acv rc}c |` ncr {ag{ {acv kfkn‖{ agtc `}kc}| d`} }shc| `d cnbgbcicn{‛{ag{ f|( f{ rg|n‖{ lhcg} {` {aci racn {acv l`shk gnk l`shk n`{ }c{s}n ﬇}c. K`fnb {ac ig{a( If{lachh }`sbahv ﬇bs}ck {ag{ ac agk gm`s{ g k`zcn bsv| gtgfhgmhc {` ﬇ba{. [ac {}gfnck)su ﬇ba{c}|( {ac {r` \uclfgh D`}lc| {cgi| {ag{ If{lachh agk }fkkcn fn{` {`rn rf{a( agk hcd{ cg}hfc} fn {ac kgv d`} d` } J`nksz( d`} {ac cqucl{ck ﬇ba{ {ac}c. If{lachh agk rg{lack {aci k}ftc grgv gnk dch{ {ag{ ac rg| if||fnb `s{ `n g lagnlc {` igjc af|{`}v. Ac‖k mccn hcd{ mcafnk {` }sn {ac acgkwsg}{c}| `d﬇lc gnk jccu {ac ucglc. N`r(( gd{c} hcg}nfnb N`r hcg}nf nb {ag{ 455 [ghfmgn [ghfmgn |`hkfc}| |`hk fc}| agk ig||ck ig| |ck `s{|fkc af| k``}(( ac r`nkc}ck fd ac‖k mccn kcgk r}`nb. k``} [ac |{}cc{ ms|{hck rf{a mccufnb {gqf|: rf{a k`njcv| agshfnb h`gk| `d agnkigkc m}flj| {` {ac lf{v)lcn{c} mgzgg}: rf{a gbck icn bhfkfnb mv `n r`mmhfnb mflvlhc| gnk r`icn ba`|{fnb {a}`sba {ac }f|fnb ks|{ fn mhsc ms}jag|.  Gdbagnf|{gn. Nctc} dgfhck {` gigzc afi. \{fhh {ac l`nt`v agkn‖{ i`tck. [cn ifns{c| agk ug||ck. Rf{a`s{ rg}nfnb( g b}`su `d h`lgh| h` lgh| ufhck {`rg}k {ac {}slj|( gnb}fhv b}gmmfnb g{ {ac u}f|`nc}|. [acv b`{ a`hk `d `nc ign gnk ushhck afi k`rn‛d`} g i`icn{ ac rg| {ac}c( b}fuufnb {ac mg{{c}ck r``kcn |fkc `d {ac {}slj( gnk {acn ac rg| b`nc( |ng{lack `s{ `d |fba{. Mcafnk {ac {}slj( `s{ `d |fba{( {acv rc}c mcg{fnb {ac ign {` kcg{a. Ctc}v `snlc `d }gbc( ctc}v }guc( ctc}v usmhfl cqcls{f`n( ctc}v gius{g{f`n( asifhfg{f`n‛ctc}v asifhfg{f`n‛ctc}v `snlc `d }ctcnbc rg| u`s}ck mglj fn{` {af| ign( |hg{ac}ck `n mv ﬇|{( mv d``{( mv bng}hck |{flj. [ac {}slj| hs}lack gacgk gnk racn {acv i`tck `n( n`{afnb }cigfnck `d {ac ign. F{ rg| g| fd f d ac‖k mccn cg{cn. [ac }gkf` u`uuck {` hfdc. If{lachh hf|{cnck g| g N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc l`iignkc}( ra` rg| |{g{f`nck `n {ac afbargv( gnn`snlck fn m}`) jcn Cnbhf|a? [ac u}f|`nc}| ghh b`fnb {` Wghg)f)Ognbaf. ]cicimc}fnb {ac cn`}i`s| ufhc `d rcgu`n| lglack g{ {ac d`}{}c||( If{lachh kfkn‖{ rgn{ {` acg} {af|. Ms{ af| agnk| rc}c {fck. [ac Gdbagn l`iignkc}| `d {ac N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc rc}c( g| g ig{{c} ;

SU]F\FNB

`d S.\. |{}g{cbv( |{}g{cbv( lghhfnb {ac |a`{|. N` ig{{c} {ac Gic}flgn|‖ ifba{( {af| rg| {ac Gdbagn|‖ |a`r. If{lachh rg| fn Igzg} {` ‘g||f|{’ {ac h`lgh| fn {gjfnb k`rn {ac [ghfmgn. Ac ﬇bs}ck ac l`shk bc{ `n g }gkf` gnk |sbbc|{ {` {ac Gdbagn l`iignkc} u}c|fkfnb `tc} {ac |s}) }cnkc} {ag{ {ac asbc d`}{}c|| r`shk n`{ mc gn fkcgh uhglc {` a`s|c |fq asnk}ck gnb}v [ghfmgn [ghfmgn gnk Gh Wgckg |`hkfc}|. Ms{ igvmc {ac}c rg| g b``k }cg|`n {` |cnk {aci {ac}c. G| h`nb g| {ac u}f|`nc}| rc}c |cg}lack gnk bsg}kck lh`|chv( igvmc {acv l`shk mc achk |cls}chv rf{afn {ac d`}{‖| {`rc}fnb isk rghh|.  Gnk {acn If{lachh {a`sba{ gbgfn gbgf n `d {ac rcgu`n| |{`ljufhck | {`ljufhck g{ Wghg)f)Ognbaf( {ac ufhc| gnk ufhc| `d }`ljc{|( }f﬍c|( l}g{c| `d gii`‛ {`n| `d tf`hcnlc }cgkv {` mc us{ {` s|c. N`{ {ac d`}{( ac {a`sba{. N`{ {ac kgin d`}{' Mchlafnb |i`jc( b}fnkfnb bcg}|( {ac l`nt`v `d u}f|`nc}| }simhck ug|{ {ac d`}{}c||‖| k}v i`g{ gnk {a}`sba {ac {ghh( g}lack cn{}gnlc. [ac u}f|`nc}| fn {ac {}slj| l}gnck g}`snk hfjc mhgljmf}k| `n g rf}c( |lgnnfnb {ac rghh|( h``jfnb d`} bsg}k|( h``jfnb d`} gn cg|v rgv `s{. Fn kcdc}cnlc {` {ac Is|hfi u}`afmf{f`n gbgfn|{ icn {`slafnb `{ac} icn fn{fig{chv( dcr `d {ac u}f|`nc}| agk mccn {a`}`sbahv |cg}lack. N` agnk agk }cglack kccu fn|fkc {ac d`hk| `d {acf} {afn b}gv b`rn|( {ac if|ig{lack |sf{ l`g{|( {ac kf}{v jagjf tc|{|( |cg}la) fnb d`} g jnfdc( g b}cngkc( g bg}}`{c. Jfhhc} agk |ifhck g{ lgu{`} gnk lgu{`} agk rgtck afi `n( [g|agjs}. [agnj v`s. [g|agjs}. [ac hfnc `d |fq {}slj| agh{ck fn|fkc {ac d`}{( gnk {ac u}f|`nc}| |{cuuck k`rn snkc} {ac rg{ladsh cvc `d g k`zcn `} |` N`}{ac}n  Ghhfgnlc bsg}k|. \skkcnhv `nc u}f|`nc} ushhck g b}cngkc d}`i {ac mchhv)mgnk `d af| mh`s|c gnk mhcr afi|chd su( {gjfnb g N`}{ac}n  Ghhfgnlc `d﬇lc} rf{a afi. [ac bsg}k| ﬇}ck {acf} }f﬍c| fn {ac gf} gnk }cbgfnck l`n{}`h. [acn {acv fiickfg{chv ac}kck {ac u}f|`nc}| {` g }`|c)l`h`}ck( uhg|{c})|fkck msfhkfnb gu{hv nfljngick ‘{ac Ufnj A`s|c(’ rafla |wsg{{ck ncg}mv fn {ac }`lj| gnk {a`}n|. [ac |{}sl) {s}c agk mccn msfh{ mv {ac \`tfc{| fn {ac 7615| g| g a`|uf{gh rf{afn {ac m`im)ag}kcnck rghh| `d {ac d`}{}c||. [ac d`}{ rg| fiicn|c( g rghhck lf{v kftfkck cwsghhv fn{` |`s{a) c}n gnk n`}{ac}n l`s}{vg}k|. Fn|fkc rg| g b`hk)k`ick i`|wsc( |`ic a`}|c |{gmhc|( f}}fbg{f`n kf{lac| cnlf}lhfnb uh`{| `d l`}n gnk racg{( gnk |agkv b}`tc| `d ` d {ghh( d}gb}gn{ ufnc {}cc| rafuufnb fn {ac 3

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|{fdd rfnk|. [ac {aflj rghh| achk |cl}c{ aghhrgv| gnk l`iug}{icn{|( gnk hck {` nsic}`s| |{`}gbc }``i| d`} b}gfn gnk `{ac} tghsgmhc|. [ac [ghfmgn agk lglack gn cn`}i`s| ufhc `d rcgu`n| fn {ac |`s{a) c}n l`iu`snk fn g k`zcn isk)rghhck a`}|c |{gmhc|( | {gmhc|( cgla g| mfb g| g `nc)lg} bg}gbc gnk {`uuck rf{a g k`ic)|aguck }``d. [ac |{gmhc| rc}c l}giick {` {ac }gd{c}| rf{a }`ljc{|( ]UB|( iglafnc bsn|( gnk i`}{g}|. Ms{ {ac}c rc}c i`}c rcgu`n|. \fq ic{gh L`ncq {}gfhc}|( hfjc {ac jfnk |cif{}slj| agsh k`rn fn{c}|{g{c| fn {ac Snf{ck \{g{c|( gh|` |g{ ncg}mv ncg}mv(( |{sddck rf{a ctcn i`}c bsn| gnk cquh`|ftc|. [ac d`}{}c|| agk mccn msfh{ fn 7116 mv Gdbagn|( {gjfnb |`ic cfba{ccn {a`s|gnk r`}jc}| {rchtc vcg}| {` l`iuhc{c( ks}fnb gn c}g `d M}f{f|a fnls}|f`n|. F{ rg| g uhglc msfh{ {` mc cg|fhv kcdcnkck( g uhglc {` rcg{ac} g |fcbc.  G{ cgla `d {ac l`}nc}| l`}nc}| }`|c g isk ug}guc{( ug}guc{( g {`rc}hfj {`rc}hfjcc |{}sl{s}c( |{}sl{s}c( |`ic 15 dcc{ afba gnk 735 dcc{ gl}`||( gnk msfh{ |{}`nb cn`sba {` |suu`}{ {ac rcfba{ `d 75){`n {gnj|( rafla l`shk mc k}ftcn `n{` {ac ug}guc{ su h`nb( b}gksgh isk }giu| }f|fnb d}`i {ac d`}{}c|| ﬍``}.  Gh`nb {ac ug}guc{ rghh|( }cl{gnbsh }cl{gnbshg} g} bsnu`}{|( gm`s{ {rchtc {rchtc fnlac| {ghh( rc}c ls{ fn{` {ac {a}cc)d``{){aflj isk‛hg}bc cn`sba {` gll`i) gll` i) i`kg{c {ac |rfnb `d g }f﬍c mg}}ch g{ gnv gktgnlfnb a`}kc| mch`r. mch`r. Fn ghh( {ac d`}{ icg|s}ck |`ic 455 vg}k| h`nb‛gm`s{ `nc {af}k `d g ifhc‛gnk <55 vg}k| rfkc.  G{ {ac n`}{a cnk( g }ck)lg}uc{ck mghl`nv |{}c{lack afba gm`tc {ac l`s}{vg}k. Rfkc gnk |snhf{( f{ }c|cimhck g u}`icngkc( `tc}) h``jfnb g |rfd{ |{}cgi m`}kc}ck mv g mhglj r}`sba{)f}`n dcnlc gnk }`|c bg}kcn| {ag{ agk mccn kc|{}`vck mv {ac [ghfmgn. Mcafnk {ac mghl`nv( k`smhc k``}| `ucnck `n{` h`nb aghhrgv|( `d﬇lc|( gnk hftfnb wsg}{c}|.  G{ cgla cnk `d {ac d`}{‖| lcn{}gh lcn{}gh rghh( rafla kftfkck {ac fn{c}f`} fn{` {ac {r` hg}bc l`s}{vg}k|( |g{ {r` i`}c {ghh ug}guc{|( cwsghhv ﬇{) {ck d`} `m|c}tg{f`n gnk kcdcn|c rf{a ﬇}fnb u`}{|. G ng}}`r( ng}}`r( ugljck d``{ {}gfh( gm`s{ {a}cc dcc{ rfkc( }gn g}`snk {ac cn{f}c }fi gh`nb {ac u}`{cl{ftc( `s{c} rghh. Fn uhglc|( g {aflj isk rghh( rgf|{)afba( ug}) {fghhv |afchkck {ac rghjc} d}`i {ac fn{c}f`} `d {ac l`s}{vg}k( igjfnb f{ u`||fmhc {` i`tc gh`nb {ac {`u `d {ac rghh gnk u`u su gnk |a``{ cf{ac} k`rn fn{` {ac d`}{( `} su `tc} {ac `s{c} rghh g{ g{{gljc}| l`ifnb d}`i {ac `s{|fkc. Fn {ac ifkkhc `d {ac |`s{ac}n l`s}{vg}k( rafla rg| fkcn{flgh {` 4

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{ac n`}{ac}n `nc !cqlcu{ d`} {ac mghl`nv gnk `d﬇lc| `tc}h``jfnb f{&( |g{ {ac |wsg}c)|aguck Ufnj A`s|c. F{ rg| |ighh( icg|s}fnb gm`s{ 23 dcc{ `n cgla |fkc( {`` |ighh g |uglc d`} {ac |fq asnk}ck u}f|`nc}| ra` rc}c `}kc}ck mv N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc |`hkfc}| k`rn {ac |{gf}| gnk fn{` f{| kg}j mg|cicn{( rac}c {acv rc}c ugljck {fba{ hfjc ig{la) |{flj|( `nc gbgfn|{ gn`{ac}. [ac}c( k`rn fn g kgnj l`}nc}( l`}nc}( `n g kf}{ k f}{ ﬍``} {ag{ |ichhck `d r`}i| gnk |rcg{( m}``kck g v`snb Gic}flgn. Af| d}fcnk| jncr afi mv {ac ngic `d Gmksh Agifk. Ac agk rghjck d`} |ctc}gh kgv| {` bc{ {` {af| i`icn{ `d |s}}cnkc}( |s}}cnkc}( rafla ac a`uck r`shk ﬇nghhv hcgk afi a`ic {` Lghfd`}nfg. Ac rg| {f}ck( asnb}v( af| lac|{ u`snkfnb( |jfuufnb g mcg{( hfjc g rg|afnb iglafnc `s{ `d mghgnlc. Ac r`}}fck {ag{ ac rg| b`fnb {` agtc g acg}{ g{{glj( g |lg}v {a`sba{ g{ gbc {rcn{v)`nc.  G}`snk afi( ac l`shk l`shk acg} acg} icn u}gvfnb g| {acv {acv snd`hkck snd`hkck afkkcn rcgu`n| d}`i {ac h`nb( kgiu rfnb| `d {acf} lh`{afnb. [ac d`hh`rfnb i`}nfnb( N`tcimc} =3( {r` LFG ug}gifhf{g}v `d﬇) lc}|( Kgtc @h|`n gnk Ifjc \ugnn( jf{{ck su g{ acgkwsg}{c}| fn Igzg} gnk u}cug}ck {` k}ftc gl}`|| {`rn {` {ac d`}{. M`{a icn a`uck {` fn{c}}`bg{c g| ignv u}f|`nc}| g| u`||fmhc. If{lachh rg| fn {ac |la``h lgdc{c}fg( k}fnjfnb lagf gnk cg{fnb ngn( g kchflf`s|( lacrv ﬍g{ m}cgk( racn \ugnn gnk @h|`n rghjck su. If{lachh jncr @h|`n {ac mc{{c} `d {ac {r`. \ugnn( g d`}ic} Ig}fnc g}{fhhc}v `d﬇lc} `d﬇lc}(( agk o`fnck {ac Gbcnlv {a}cc vcg}| cg}hfc} cg}hfc}.. Ac r`}c mhsc ocgn| gnk g mhglj |rcg{c}( gnk rg| `d ickfsi acfba{( rf{a |ctc}c laccjm`nc| gnk g l}``jck |ifhc( af| mh`nk agf} ls{ lh`|c. @h|`n rg| {ghh gnk ms}hv( rf{a g {afn |gh{ gnk ucuuc} mcg}k `tc} gn `hk lg|c lg| c `d glnc. Ac |u`jc cqlchhcn{ cqlchhcn{ Kg}f( {ac bh`{{gh( af||fnb af||f nb hgnbsgbc `d {ac h`lgh N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc ﬇ba{c}|( gnk ac rg| k}c||ck fn g mhglj( jncc)hcnb{a mh`s|c( lghhck g |aghrg} jgiccz( `tc} mcfbc ugn{|. If{lachh n`{flck fiickfg{chv {ag{ {ac {r` LFG bsv| rc}cn‖{ lg}) }vfnb cn`sba giisnf{f`n. D`} rag{ctc} }cg|`n|( {acv agk gm`s{ d`s} gii` igbgzfnc| mc{rccn {aci. If{lachh u}cdc}}ck {ac |{gn) kg}k `uc}g{fnb u}`lcks}c `d m}fnbfnb d`s} igbgzfnc| gufclc `n g if||f`n. @h|`n gnk \ugnn lg}}fck d`hkfnb)|{`lj GJ);2| |hsnb `tc} {acf} |a`shkc}| gnk 6ii uf|{`h| |{}guuck fn a`h|{c}| `n {acf} hcb|. \ugnn lg}}fck gn`{ac} uf|{`h {sljck g{ {ac |ighh `d af| mglj fn af| 2

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ugn{|‖ rgf|{mgnk. Ncf{ac} ign agk g }gkf`( rafla If{lachh gh|` {a`sba{ rg| |{}gnbc. Ms{ {acn gbgfn( {ac|c LFG bsv| agk ghrgv| m}`sba{ {acf} `rn ug}{v rf{a {aci. Ac ﬇bs}ck {ag{ rag{ctc} @h|`n gnk \ugnn rc}c k`fnb {af| i`}nfnb( f{ rg| {acf} `rn ckslg{ck ms|f) nc||. @h|`n gnn`snlck( ‘Rc‖}c b`fnb `s{ {` Wghg {` {ghj {` {ac|c bsv|( |cc rag{ rc lgn ﬇nk `s{.’ [ac u}ctf`s| nfba{( {ac}c agk mccn g m}fcd bsn﬇ba{ `s{|fkc {ac |la``ha`s|c( gnk If{lachh( |cn|fnb {ag{ {ac |f{sg{f`n fn {ac lf{v rg| fnl}cg|fnbhv {cn|c( agk g|jck @h|`n fd ac afi|chd gnk g l`suhc l `suhc `d af| icn l`shk b` gnk u}`tfkc |cls}f{v rafhc {ac {r` LFG `d﬇lc}| l`n) ksl{ck {acf} fn{c}}`bg{f`n| g{ Wghg. If{lachh jncr {ag{ fn{c}}`bg{) fnb u}f|`nc}| rg| `d﬇lfghhv {ac LFG LFG‖| ‖| o`m( ms{ ac rg| r`}}fck gm`s{ af| d}fcnk|‖ |gdc{v. N`( |gfk @h|`n( v`s bsv| ncck {` |{gv grgv. [` If{lachh‖| {afnjfnb( ac rg| g mf{ n`nlaghgn{ gm`s{ {ac ra`hc {afnb.  Ghh {a}cc {a}cc icn jncr {ag{ {ac u}f|`nc}| u}f|`nc}| fnlhskck fnlhskck ignv ignv ag}k ag}k lg|c|? Laclacn|( Ugjf|{gnf|( \gskf|‛{ac cuflcn{c} `d Gh Wgckg. [ac icn ra` agk |s}}cnkc}ck rc}c {ac acg}{ `d @|gig mfn Hgkcn‖| i`|{ |jfhhck g}iv. Igvmc‛os|{ igvmc‛`nc `d {aci jncr rac}c mfn Hgkcn rg|. Rg{la v`s} mglj( {a`sba{ If{lachh. @h|`n gnk \ugnn |{g}{ck `s{ {ac h`mmv‖| d}`n{ k``} {` g {}slj ug}jck fn {ac lf}lshg} k}ftc. Mcv`nk {ac rghh( {ac ms|v ifki`}nfnb {}gd﬇l mszzck mv. mv. [ac tcaflhc |hfuuck fn{` {ac |{}cgi `d lg}|( {}slj|( gnk k`njcv lg}{|( gnk rg| b`nc. \c}bcgn{ Mc{z rghjck su gnk |{``k mc|fkc If{lachh( rg{lafnb {aci b`. Ac |gfk( ‘F k`n‖{ hfjc {ac h``j| `d {ag{.’ If{lachh g|jck afi rav. ‘F ksnn`(’ |gfk Mc{z. ‘F hfjc g bsv {` lg}}v g h`{ `d gii` racn ac hcgtc|.’  Gm`s{ g aghd a`s} hg{c}( hg{c}( @h|`n gnk \ugnn cn{c}ck cn{c}ck Wghg.  G{ {ac d`}{( Gmksh Agifk lhfimck {ac |{cu| d}`i {ac mg|cicn mg|cicn{{ `d {ac Ufnj A`s|c gnk mhfnjck fn {ac i`}nfnb |sn( af| g}i| {fck mcafnk afi rf{a g {s}mgn. [ac |{gf}rgv }c|cimhck g l`hhgu|ck m}flj lafi) ncv g| f{ cic}bck d}`i {ac kg}j a`hc {ag{ }ccjck `d uf|| gnk |af{.  Gmksh rg| hck ug|{ {ac Ufnj A`s|c( {ac rghh| `d {ac d`}{ |`g}fnb g}`snk afi. Gm`s{ g asnk}ck `{ac} u}f|`nc}| agk gh}cgkv mccn hck 1

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fn{` {ac l`s}{vg}k( gh|` {}s||ck rf{a {acf} `rn lh`{afnb( g}i| mcafnk {acf} mglj|( |f{{fnb l}`||)hcbbck `n gn gu}`n `d {}giuhck rcck| {rf|{) fnb su d}`i ag}kugn isk. Ifjc \ugnn mcn{ k`rn gnk ucc}ck g{ Gmksh. D`} {ac hfdc `d afi( ac l`shkn‖{ l`shk n‖{ ﬇bs}c `s{ rac}c {ac jfk rg| d}`i `} ra` ac rg|. G}gm0 Ugjf|{gnf0 Lgngkfgn0 Ac |{skfck Gmksh‖| {g{) {c}ck M}f{f|a l`iignk` |rcg{c}( |cn|fnb {ag{ {ac u}f|`nc}‛ rag{ rg| ac( {rcn{v( {rcn{v){a}cc0 ‛l`shk |ucgj g{ hcg|{ |`ic ug||gmhc Cnbhf|a. ‘Rac}c g}c v`s d}`i0’ \ugnn kcignkck. ‘V ‘V`s `s mchfctc fn rag{ v`s‖}c k`fnb ac}c {ag{ isla( v`s‖}c rfhhfnb {` mc jfhhck ac}c0’ N` gn|rc} lgic. ‘Rag{‖| v`s} ngic0 Ra` m}`sba{ v`s ac}c {` Gdbagnf|{gn0’ [ac jfk `n {ac lg}uc{ k}`uuck af| acgk( |{g}ck g{ {ac |aghrg} jgiccz msnlack g}`snk af| jncc|. ‘Us{ v`s} acgk su'’ \ugnn vchhck. [ac v`snb ign‖| dglc rg| |snms}nck( af| cvc| {ac l`h`} `d l`hk {cg. \ugnn hc{ af| bgzc hfnbc}( gnk {acn }gf|ck g kfbf{gh lgic}g gnk d}gick g |a`{. [ac ua`{` r`shk mc |cn{ mv cnl}vu{ck |g{chhf{c l`i) isnflg{f`n| mglj {` acgkwsg}{c}|( rac}c {ac figbc r`shk mc l}`||) }cdc}cnlck gbgfn|{ g kfbf{gh hfncsu `d {c}}`}f|{| gnk jn`rn Gh Wgckg |`hkfc}|. ‘Ifjc'’ F{ rg| @h|`n( hsimc}fnb gl}`|| {ac ks|{v l`s}{vg}k. Ac‖k |ucn{ {ac hg|{ ﬇tc ifns{c| {ghjfnb rf{a gn`{ac} b}`su `d u}f|`nc}|. @h|`n {`rc}ck `tc} {ac v`snb ign `n {ac b}`snk. ‘Vcga(’ ‘V cga(’ |gfk \ugnn( \ugnn( ‘ac ‘ac r`n‖{ r`n‖{ {ghj {ghj {` ic ic . . . F rg| rg| cquhgfnfn cquhgfnfnbb {` {ac bsv rc os|{ rgn{ {` {ghj {` afi( ﬇nk `s{ rag{ af| |{`}v f|.’ ‘Rchh( ‘R chh( ac‖| g Is|hfi( v`s jn`r(’ jn`r(’ is|ck @h|`n. ‘[ac ‘ [ac u}`mhci f|( ac‖| b`{ {` kclfkc fd ac rgn{| rgn{| {` hftc hftc `} kfc. kfc. . . . Rc Rc lgn `nhv `nhv achu {ac bsv| ra` rgn{ {` {ghj {` s|.’ F{ rg| \ugnn‖| {s}n? ‘K` v`s jn`r {ac uc`uhc ac}c v`s‖}c r`}j) fnb rf{a g}c {c}}`}f|{|( gnk jfhhck `{ac} Is|hfi|0 [ac}c rc}c |ctc}gh asnk}ck Is|hfi| jfhhck fn {ac m`imfnb fn Ncr V`}j Lf{v. F| {ag{ rag{ {ac J`}gn {cglac|0 G}c v`s b`fnb {` {ghj {` s|0’ [acn f{ rg| mglj {` @h|`n? ‘[ag{‖| ‘ [ag{‖| ghh }fba{( ign. B`{{g bftc afi g lagnlc. Ac b`{ af| lagnlc.’ 6

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@h|`n |lsddck {ac kf}{ rf{a af| m``{: \ugnn( cqg|uc}g{ck( agnk| `n afu|( h``jck g{ {ac u}f|`nc}. Dfnghhv( \ugnn |gfk( ‘Kfk v`s bc{ g lagnlc {` h``j g{ gnv `d {ac ug||u`}{|0’ ‘ [ac}c‖| g l`suhc `d \gskf|( gnk F kfkn‖{ |cc {ac `{ac}|.’ [acv gb}cck {ag{ {ac v`snb ign rg|n‖{ b`fnb {` {chh {aci gnv) {afnb( gnk {ac {r` LFG `d﬇lc}| |{g}{ck | {g}{ck rghjfnb grgv gh`nb g b}gtch ug{a hfnck mv ufnc {}cc| {`rg}k {ac bg{c fn {ac ifkkhc `d g {ghh isk rghh {ag{ kftfkck {ac d`}{ fn{` f{| |cug}g{c l`s}{vg}k|. [acv rc}c acgkck {` {ac d`}ic} acgkwsg}{c}| {` }cb}`su.  G{ `nc u`fn{( @h|`n {s}nck {` |cc \ugnn |{`uuck | {`uuck `n {ac ug{a( o`jfnb rf{a g b}`su `d N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc |`hkfc}|. Ac {s}nck mglj gnk jcu{ rghjfnb. Mv {ac {fic @h|`n }cglack {ac ifkkhc bg{c ac acg}k {ac cquh`) |f`n `d g b}cngkc( d`hh`rck mv g ms}|{ `d bsn﬇}c. Ac {s}nck. \ugnn rg| d}gn{flghhv g{{ciu{fnb {` ﬇ba{ `dd g bgnb `d u}f|`nc}|  Ghhga a ra` rc}c mcg{fnb g{ afi rf{a {acf} df|{| gnk |l}cgifnb(  Ghhg  Gjmg}'‛B`k f| B}cg{' @h|`n |{g}{ck }snnfnb {`rg}k \ugnn( gnk g| ac kfk |`( \ugnn ciu{fck af| uf|{`h fn{` {ac l}`rk( {acn }cglack mcafnk {` {ac `{ac} bsn( afkkcn fn af| rgf|{mgnk. Ac ﬇}ck gnk dchh {` {ac b}`snk snkc} {ac |{`}i `d ﬍c|a. \ccfnb {ag{ \ugnn rg| k`rn gnk {afnjfnb ac rg| gh}cgkv kcgk( @h|`n |usn g}`snk {` |cc g [ghfmgn |`hkfc} }snnfnb g{ afi( ﬇}fnb d}`i {ac afu rf{a gn GJ);2. @h|`n l`shk acg} {ac |ngu `d {ac }`snk| ug||fnb gnk rg| gigzck ac agkn‖{ mccn af{. [ac bsv jcu{ l`ifnb( gnk dfnghhv @h|`n( i`icn{g}fhv d}`zcn `n {ac |u`{( }gf|ck af| uf|{`h gnk |a`{ afi. [ac ign |jfkkck {` g |{`u g{ @h|`n‖| dcc{( |` lh`|c @h|`n l`shk ghi`|{ {`sla afi rf{a af| m``{. Ac ncq{ {s}nck gnk df}ck g{ {ac l}`rk `d uc`uhc mcg{fnb `n \ugnn. Ac rg| u}c{{v |s}c ac jfhhck g dcr `d {aci. Ac |cn|ck ac rg| mcfnb }s|ack gbgfn gnk |usn {` |a``{ gn`{ac} ign }snnfnb g{ afi. Mv n`r( ac rg| `s{ `d mshhc{|.  Gnk |` ac }gn. Ac }gn k`rn {ac ug{a gnk fn{` {ac n`}{ac}n l`s}{vg}k( ug|{ {ac }sfnck }`|c bg}kcn d}`n{fnb {ac b}gnk mghl`nv. Ac }gn su {ac |{cu| gnk fn{` {ac fnnc} l`s}{vg}k( rac}c ac igkc g ua`nc lghh( ghc}{fnb If{lachh gnk \`nn{gb mglj g{ {ac |la``ha`s|c. 75

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‘F {afnj Ifjc‖| kcgk(’ @h|`n |gfk `tc} {ac ua`nc. ‘F {afnj ac‖| kcgk' Rc g}c snkc} g{{glj. F }cucg{( F gi }clcftfnb acgtv ﬇}c'’ ]UB| rc}c af{{fnb {ac mghl`nv rghh( }`ljfnb {ac uhglc. Mglj fn {ac |`s{ac}n l`s}{vg}k( Gmksh Agifk agk mccn |a`{ fn {ac hcb gnk hgv fn {ac kf}{. Ac {}fck l}grhfnb mglj {` {ac mg|cicn{ |{cu|( ms{ f{ rg| {`` dg}. Ac r`nkc}ck fd ac‖k ctc} |cc af| i`{ac} gbgfn( fn Lghfd`}nfg. Ac r`nkc}ck ra` {ac |{}gnbc icn rc}c ra` agk mccn g|jfnb afi wsc|{f`n|. Ac r`nkc}ck fd {acv jncr af| }cgh ngic? O`an Rghjc} Hfnka. Icgnrafhc( `nc `d {ac u}f|`nc}| rghjck su gnk df}ck {rflc( u`fn{)mhgnj( g{ Ifjc \ugnn. Mv {ac asnk}ck|( {ac [ghfmgn u}f|`nc}| osiuck su d}`i {ac b}`snk rac}c {acv‖k mccn `}kc}ck `}kc}ck {` |f{ mv \ugnn gnk @h|`n. [acv |a``j `dd {ac {s}mgn| mfnkfnb {acf} r}f|{| gnk h``jck rfhkhv g}`snk( n`{ |s}c rag{ {` k` ncq{. Su `n {ac d`}{}c|| rghh|( g k`zcn k`z cn `} |` N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc bsg}k| rc}c u`s}fnb ﬇}c fn{` {ac l`s}{vg}k( }gjfnb {ac ag}k b}`snk( }gf|fnb kft`{| `d isk( i`rfnb icn k`rn. \ctc}gh ifns{c| hg{c}( hg{c}( {ac u}f|`nc}| d`snk {ac rcgu`n| lglac. [acv |rsnb `ucn {ac ic{gh k``}| `d {ac h`nb L`ncq {}gfhc}| gnk mcachk asnk}ck| `d }f﬍c|( b}cngkc|( gnk i`}{g}|( |ufhhck g{ {acf} dcc{. [acv |l``uck su {ac rcgu`n| gnk |lg{{c}ck g}`snk {ac l`s}{) vg}k( l}`slafnb mcafnk isk msfhkfnb|( fn ms|ac|( fn|fkc fn| fkc |{`}c}``i| msfh{ fn{` {ac rghh|. [acv |{g}{ck }c{s}nfnb ﬇}c. [ac gf} }`g}ck. R`snkck a`}|c| |``n | ``n hf{{c}ck {ac l`s}{vg}k( {rf{lafnb {rf{l afnb gnk m}gv) fnb fn {ac ks|{( g| {ac a`{ |sn mcg{ k`rn. If{lachh g}}ftck rf{a g b}`snk d`}lc aghd gn a`s} gd{c} @h|`n‖| lghh. Ac ushhck su `s{|fkc {ac d`}{}c|| bg{c( b`{ `s{ `d {ac {}slj( gnk bgzck su g{ {ac rghh|. Ac l`shkn‖{ mchfctc {ac fn{cn|f{v `d {ac ﬇ba{. \ctc}gh asnk}ck bsn| is|{‖tc mccn ﬇}fnb g{ `nlc. I`}{g}| I` }{g}| |{g}{ck g}lfnb `tc} {ac rghh| gnk cquh`kfnb g}`snk af| {}slj. Ac gnk af| icn }gn {` {ac mg|c `d {ac d`}{ gnk |{g}{ck lhfimfnb. [ac rghh uf{lack |jvrg}k g{ gm`s{ g ;3)kcb}cc gnbhc. [acv |ls{) {hck su agnk)`tc})agnk. G{ {ac {`u( `s{ `d m}cg{a( If{lachh ucc}ck g{ {ac igvaci mch`r. Kcgk icn rc}c |lg{{c}ck su fn {ac b}`tc `d ufnc {}cc|( mh`rn 77

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{ac}c mv b}cngkc mhg|{|. [acv asnb d}`i {ac {}cc hfim|( acgtv gnk |{fhh( hfjc mhgljcnck `}ngicn{|. Ac |gr u}f|`nc}| }snnfnb gi`nb {ac {}cc|( {s}nfnb {` ﬇}c su g{ {ac rghh|. [ac}c rc}c |fq asnk}ck `d {aci k`rn {ac}c( If{lachh jncr. Gnk {acv rgn{ck `s{. Ac gbgfn l`sn{ck {ac nsimc} `d af| `rn d`}lc? ﬇d{ccn icn. Dfd) {ccn. Mcd`}c hcgtfnb d`} Gdbagnf|{gn( If{lachh agk mccn g|jck mv af| l`iignkc}( ‘A`r rfhh v`s kfc0’ F{ rg| g mhsn{ rgv `d g|jfnb a`r ac uhgnnck {` |{gv ghftc. Sn{fh n`r( ac agkn‖{ bftcn {ac gn|rc} isla {a`sba{. Ig||ftc cquh`|f`n| usnlack {ac |jv. Ac ﬇bs}ck {ac u}f|`nc}| agk ﬇nghhv d`snk {ac i`}{g}|. F{ rg| `nhv g ig{{c} `d {fic mcd`}c {acv zc}`ck fn `n {ac bsg}k| `n {ac rghh|. [ac bsndf}c rg| dfhhck rf{a u`u|( dfzzhc|( gnk l}glj|( hfjc {ac |nguufnb `d cn`}i`s| m`nc|. If{lachh r`}}fck {ag{ {ac ﬇ba{c}| fn|fkc rc}c m}cgjfnb `s{. Ac cqucl{ck {aci {` ufhc `tc} {ac {`u rghh g{ gnv i`icn{. Fn g ig{{c} `d ifns{c|( |`ic{afnb agk b`nc {c}}fmhv r}`nb. Rc d`sba{ d`s ba{ |` ag}k. ag}k. Gnk Gnk rc r`n. r`n. Ms{ n`r n`r rc‖}c rc‖}c h`|fnb h`|fnb |` kgin kgin wsfljhv wsfljhv . . . Ac {a`sba{ `d af| rfdc( {acn af| {r` kgsba{c}|. Ac agk mccn r`}}fck {ag{ {acv rc}c b}`rfnb su rf{a`s{ afi. Gnk n`r ac {a`sba{? [acv‖hh nctc} jn`r ic g{ ghh. If{lachh {``j `s{ af| uf|{`h gnk u}cug}ck {` mc `tc}}sn.

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Hf{{hc Mf}k r`jc. Mc|fkc {ac i`{ch mck rg| g |ighh nfba{|{gnk( g }gkf` ghg}i lh`lj( g Mfmhc. Mcv`nk {ag{( mcv`nk {ac kf}{v rfnk`r( g ug}jfnb h`{ ﬇hhck rf{a {ac lg}| `d l`iis{c}|( `d uc`uhc `n tglg{f`n( acgkfnb {` r`}j( {` {acf} dgifhfc|( {` {ac }c|{ `d {acf} hftc|. F{ agk mccn g ucglcdsh nfba{ d`} Hf{{hc Mf}k g{ {ac cnk `d g h`nb( }c|{hc|| vcg}. vcg}. [af| i`}nfnb( ac rg| b`fnb {` acgtcn. [ac}c f| n` b`k ms{ `nc B`k gnk Isagiigk f| af| ic||cnbc}. ic||cnbc}. Af| }cgh ngic rg| I`agiick G{{g( {ac nfljngic bftcn {` afi mv af| dg{ac}( g |{c}n gnk k`s} hgrvc} ra` |gr G{{g g| |`d{ gnk `tc}hv |cn|f{ftc( g| {`` d}gfh( {`` hgzv( {`` d}c{dsh. Agkn‖{ ac ctcn {fick {ac v`snb G{{g‖| {a}cc)ifns{c rghj| a`ic {a}`sba {ac |{}cc{| `d Lgf}`( gd{c} |la``h( ﬇nkfnb dgsh{ fd ac rc}c |cl`nk| hg{c0 Hf{{hc Mf}k( v`s {gjc {`` h`nb' Rav0  G}}ftgh|( kcug}{s} kcug}{s}c|. c|. [ac}c f| n` b`k ms{ `nc B`k gnk Isagiigk f| af| ic||cnbc}. . . . Ac }`|c. Rcg}fnb ocgn| gnk g mhsc u`h` |af}{( {ac ﬍`}gh mck|u}cgk |i``{a gnk |afnv mcncg{a af| kchflg{c kchfl g{c agnk|( ac h``jck hfjc gn`{ac} ag}}fck {`s}f|{ cgbc} {` |{g}{ af| kgv. kgv. @tc}acgk( oc{ gf}hfnc}| }`g}ck grgv( grgv( {gj) fnb `dd. • • • 7<

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[cn ifns{c| hg{c} G{{g |{``k g{ {ac \`s{a U`}{hgnk( Igfnc( gf}u`}{( a`hkfnb g {fljc{ ac agk us}lag|ck `n {ac Fn{c}nc{ {r` rccj| cg}hfc} fn Hg| Tcbg|. Ac‖k b`nc {ac}c d`} g ﬇ngh `}bgnfzg{f`ngh icc{fnb. D`s} kgv| cg}hfc}( ac‖k lchcm}g{ck af| mf}{akgv fn g uhglc lghhck \asljsi‖| @v|{c} A`s|c( fn A`hhvr``k( Dh`}fkg. [a}`sba {ac nfba{( ac uhgvck ufnmghh gnk k}gnj l}gnmc}}v osflc gnk rg{lack af| dchh`r g||g||fn( Ig}rgn gh)\acaaf( k}fnj hfws`} gnk h``j g{ {ac r`icn gnk n`k {` {ac is|fl. Ac ag{ck {acf} {`sla( r`icn. [acf} |ichh. [acf} |cq. Ac agk ﬇tc kgv| {` hftc. hft c. Ac rg| {af}{v){a}cc vcg}| `hk gnk ac‖k os|{ uhgnnck {ac hg}bc|{ g{{glj g{{gl j `n Gic}flgn |`fh fn r`}hk af|{`}v. af|{`}v. \{fhh( ctc}v{afnb m`}ck afi. Cg{fnb m`}ck afi. \hccufnb. M}cg{afnb. [ac `nhv {afnb r`}{a hftfnb d`} rg| kvfnb.  G| G{{g rghjck {a}`sba {ac ic{gh kc{cl{`} g{ {ac U`}{hgnk gf}) u`}{( ac lg}}fck g d`s})ugbc n`{c fn af| u`ljc{ {ag{ }cgk? ‘Racn v`s bc{ `n {ac gf}l}gd{ . . . {afnj `d f{ Zv`s} if||f`nY g| g mg{{hc d`} {ac |gjc `d B`k. . . . K` n`{ d`}bc{ d` }bc{ . . . {ac {}sc u}`if|c f| ncg} gnk {ac zc}`)a`s} agk g}}ftck. Ghrgv| }cicimc} {` u}gv fd u`|) u`| ) |fmhc mcd`}c }cglafnb {ac {g}bc{ `} |gv |`ic{afnb hfjc( [ac}c f| n`  b`k ms{ `nc B`k gnk Isagiigk Isagiigk f| af| ic||cnbc} .’ Mv 3?;3 g.i.( ac rg| {a}`sba |cls}f{v( |cls}f{v( gh`nb rf{a gn`{ac} g||g|) |fn( Gmksh Gzfz gh)@ig}f. Dfd{ccn ifns{c| hg{c}( G{{g‖| uhgnc {``j `dd( gnk |rsnb `s{ `tc} {ac G{hgn{fl acgkck d`} M`|{`n. [ac}c(  G{{g rg| {` |rf{la uhgnc| d`} g ﬍fba{ {` H`| H `| Gnbchc| `n Gic}flgn  Gf}hfnc| Dhfba{ 77.  G{ 4?3= g.i.( fn|fkc M`|{`n‖| M`|{`n‖| H`bgn Fn{c}ng{f`ngh Gf}u`}{( |ctcn ifns{c| gd{c} ac hgnkck( af| lchh ua`nc }gnb. F{ rg| Ig}rgn( gh|` fn {ac gf}u`}{( lghhfnb d}`i g ncg}mv {c}ifngh. [ac {r` icn is|{‖tc |u`jcn wsfljhv‛F| ctc}v{afnb ct c}v{afnb }cgkv0 Vc|( m}`{ac} m}`{ac }( ctc}v{afnb ctc}v{ afnb f| }cgkv. [ac}c f| n` b`k ms{ `nc B`k gnk rc g}c af| ic||cnbc}|.  Gnk {acn {acv {acv asnb su. su. Mv 2?;5 g.i.( G{{g gnk af| {cgi `d d`s} `{ac}| rc}c |cg{ck l`id`}{) gmhv( {ac oc{ us|afnb mglj d}`i {ac bg{c. [af}{v)d`s} ifns{c| hg{c}( Snf{ck Dhfba{ 723( rf{a Ig}rgn gh)\acaaf gnk af| d`s} l`i}gkc| `n m`g}k( gh|` {``j `dd d}`i H`bgn H `bgn Gf}u`}{ fn M`|{`n.  G{ {ac |gic |gic {fic‛1?7; {fic‛1?7; g.i.‛G{ g.i.‛G{{g {g u}`lcckck u}`lcckck {` {gjc l`n{}` l`n{}`hh `d  Gic}flgn  Gic}flg n Gf}hfnc| Dhfba{ 77. Ac gnk af| l`iug{}f`{| l`iug{}f`{| |u}gvck |u}gvck Iglc gnk vchhck {acv agk g m`im `n m`g}k fn `}kc} {` i`tc {ac ug||cnbc}| 7;

B@FNB [@ RG]

{` {ac }cg} `d {ac uhgnc. G{ 1?=3( gf} {}gd﬇l l`n{}`h fn M`|{`n acg}k g t`flc |gv? ‘N`m`kv i`tc. Ctc}v{afnb rfhh mc `jgv. `jgv. Fd v`s {}v {` igjc gnv i`tc|( v`s‖hh cnkgnbc} v`s}|chd gnk {ac gf}uhgnc. Os|{ |{gv wsfc{.’ Fn ﬇}|{ lhg||( rac}c {ac afogljc}| agk mccn |f{{fnb( `nc ign hgv |hsiuck rf{a af| {a}`g{ ls{. [r` dhfba{ g{{cnkgn{| agk mccn |{gmmck. [acv rc}c |{fhh ghftc( `nc rf{a gn `qvbcn ig|j u}c||ck {` ac} dglc( {ac `{ac} rf{a ifn`} r`snk|.  G{ 1?;; g.i.( g.i.( {ac uhgnc uhgnc kfuuck h`r `tc} Ncr V`}j V`}j Lf{v. Lf{v.  G ﬍fba{ g{{cnkgn{ g{{cnkgn{ `n m`g}k( Igkchfnc ‘Giv’ \rccncv( \rccncv( rg| {ghj) {ghj) fnb `n g lchh ua`nc {` gn gf} {}gd﬇l l`n{}`hhc} racn |ac h``jck `s{ {ac rfnk`r gnk |gfk( ‘\`ic{afnb f| r}`nb. Rc g}c fn g }gufk kc|lcn{. . . . Rc g}c ghh `tc} {ac uhglc.’ Gnk {acn( mcd`}c {ac hfnc rcn{ kcgk? kcg k? ‘R ‘ Rc g}c ﬍vfnb ﬍vf nb h`r. h`r. . . . Rc g}c ﬍vfnb rgv rg v {`` h`r' ’ G dcr |cl`nk| ug||ck. ‘@a iv B`k( rc g}c rgv {`` h`r'’  G{ 1?;4 g.i.( Gic}flgn Dhfba{ 77( }glfnb g{ {ac |ucck `d ncg}hv 355 ifhc| uc} a`s}( }giick fn{` {ac n`}{a {`rc} `d {ac R`}hk [}gkc Lcn{c}. [cn {a`s|gnk bghh`n| `d gtfg{f`n dsch cquh`kck( rf{a {ac d`}lc `d 2 ifhhf`n |{flj| `d kvngif{c. D`s}{ccn ifns{c| hg{c}( `n m`g}k Snf{ck Dhfba{ 723( rafla rg| n`r snkc} Ig}rgn‖| l`n{}`h( g v`snb ign ngick Uc{c} Agn|`n rg| igjfnb g ua`nc lghh {` af| dg{ac}( dg{ac}( Hcc( mglj fn Cg|{`n( L`nncl{fls{. ‘F{‖| bc{{fnb mgk( Kgk(’ ac |gfk. ‘G |{crg}kc|| rg| |{gmmck. [acv |cci {` agtc jnftc| gnk Iglc. [acv |gfk {acv agtc g m`im. F{‖| bc{{fnb tc}v mgk `n {ac uhgnc. Ug||cnbc}| Ug||cnbc}| g}c {a}`rfnb su gnk bc{) {fnb |flj. [ac uhgnc f| igjfnb oc}jv i`tcicn{|. F k`n‖{ {afnj {ac ufh`{ f| ﬍vfnb {ac uhgnc. F {afnj rc g}c b`fnb k`rn. F {afnj {acv fn{cnk {` b` {` Laflgb` `} |`icuhglc ch|c gnk ﬍v fn{` g msfhkfnb. K`n‖{ r`}}v( r`}}v( Kgk. Fd f{ aguucn|( f{‖hh mc tc}v dg|{. d g|{. Iv B`k( iv B`k.’  G{ 6?5< g.i.( g.i.( Snf{ck Dhfba{ 723 af{ {ac {ac |`s{a {`rc} {`rc}.. [af}{v)d`s} ifns{c| hg{c}( Gic}flgn Dhfba{ 22 k`tc fn{` {ac Ucn) {gb`n.  G{{ 75  G 75?? 5< g .i .i.(.( Sn Snff {c {ck k D hf hfba ba{{ 6< cq cquh uh`k `kck ck fn g df dfch chk k nc ncgg } \agnj|tfhhc( Ucnn|vhtgnfg. Lgh \ucnlc} agk os|{ b`{{cn `s{ `d {ac Lsimc}hgnk ]ftc} gnk rg| ushhfnb {ac _`kfgl| `n{` {ac m`g{ {}gfhc}| racn |`icm`kv fn {ac {}slj |gfk( ‘Oc|s|( lgn‖{ gnvm`kv {s}n su {ac acg{0’ \ucnlc} |a``j `dd {ac i`}nfnb‖| l`hk( b}simhck( }cglack `tc}( `tc}( gnk usnlack g dcr 73

A@]\C \@HKFC]\

ms{{`n| `n {ac kg|a. [acn ac racchck {ac {}slj d`} a`ic {a}`sba {ac hs|a [cnnc||cc l`sn{}v|fkc( {ac {}cc| gh`nb {ac fn{c}|{g{c ugfn{ck rf{a {ac ﬇}|{( dgfn{ m}s|a `d gs{sin. \ucnlc} {fljck `dd {ac kgv‖| {g|j|? as}}v mglj {` {ac {cgi }``i( ﬇nf|a su {ac gtghgnlac `d uguc}r`}j {ag{ ghrgv| dchh `n v`s} kc|j racn v`s ﬇nf|ack g {}gfnfnb if||f`n( bc{ a`ic( achu Ig}lag igjc kfnnc}(( laclj fn rf{a Ogjc gm`s{ af| a`icr`}j( b` {` mck. Bc{ su. kfnnc} ]cucg{. \gnkv)agf}ck( r}v( rf{a {ac hgnjv msfhk `d g mg|cmghh uhgvc}( \ucnlc} rg| s|sghhv }cgkv rf{a g |hv wsfu {` hftcn su gnv k}cg}v i`icn{. Ms{ n`{ {af| i`}nfnb. [ac nfba{ agk mccn if|c}gmhc. Ac‖k hck cfba{ \uclfgh D`}lc| D`}lc| |`hkfc}| su {ac Lsimc}hgnk ]ftc} fn {ac kg}j( s|fnb nfba{ tf|f`n b`bbhc| gnk g BU\. [ac r`}j rg|n‖{ ag}k‛\ucnlc} agk k`nc {af| jfnk `d {afnb asnk}ck| `d {fic|( gnk ac rg| m`}ck. [acv agk kchftc}ck {acf} ‘ugljgbc(’ g |cl`nk \uclfgh D`}lc| {cgi {}gtchfnb rf{a {aci( {` {ac u}ckc{c}ifn u}ckc{c}ifnck ck fn﬇h{}g{f`n u`fn{ `n {ac }ftc}( }ftc}( |as{ k`rn {ac `s{m`g}k i`{`}|( gnk rgf{ck. [acv kfkn‖{ agtc h`nb. \cl`nk| hg{c}( hg{c}( {ac hg}bc |agk`r `d g Laf) n``j achfl`u{c} guucg}ck `tc} {ac {}cc|( ﬍`g{ck k`rnrg}k( gnk a`tc}ck os|{ dcc{ gm`tc {ac rg{c}( g ic{gh fn|cl{ kc|lcnkck d}`i {ac acgtcn|( h`skc} {agn achh( {ac {rfn }`{`}| |cnkfnb i`sn{gfn| `d l`hk |u}gv fn{` {ac gf}. gf}. [ac ach` rg| ﬍`rn mv {ac {`u)n`{la ufh`{| `d {ac 745{a \uclfgh @uc}g{f`n| Gtfg{f`n ]cbficn{ !\@G]&. \@G]‖| bsg}gn{cc rg| {ag{ {acv r`shk g}}ftc {af}{v |cl`nk| `n cf{ac} |fkc `d `d {acf} |lackshck {fic( n` ig{{c} rag{( gnk {acv agk jcu{ {acf} u}`if|c. L}cg{ck fn {ac rgjc `d {ac 7615 }c|lsc g{{ciu{ `d S.\. Cimg||v r`}jc}| fn F}gn !{ac G}iv agk kc{c}ifnck {ag{ u``} gf} |suu`}{ agk lgs|ck {ac if||f`n‖| dgfhs}c&( {ac \@G] ufh`{| hftck g |cl}c{ftc cqf|{cnlc ﬍vfnb cqwsf|f{chv uhgnnck if||f`n| fn {ac r`}hk‖| agf}fc|{ uhglc|. [acv `uc}g{ck d}`i g mg|c |f{sg{ck mcafnk gl}c| `d mg}mck rf}c fn g }ci`{c l`}nc} `d D`}{ Lgiumchh( g {rcn{v)ifns{c k}ftc k`rn l}gljck( {r`)hgnc mhglj{`u d}`i \ucnlc}‖| `rn {cgi }``i. \ucnlc} nctc} jncr gnv `d {ac ufh`{|‖ ngic| gnk {acv kfkn‖{ jn`r af|. F{ rg| mc{{c} {ag{ rgv? fn lg|c {ac }cgh {afnb ctc} agu) ucnck‛fd {acv ctc} rcn{ {` rg}‛n`m`kv l`shk l`iu}`if|c gnv) `nc‖| fkcn{f{fc|. \ucnlc}‖| {cgi l`iuhc{ck {ac hfnjsu gnk ac gnk af| icn vgnjck {ac `s{m`g}k| {` hfdc gnk }`g}ck mglj su}ftc}. [acf} o`m rg| `tc}. `tc}. [fic {` bc{ mglj {` {ac m`g{ hgnkfnb. 74

B@FNB [@ RG]

 Gnk {acn {acv }gn fn{` d`b. [acv agk {` |{`u {ac m`g{| mclgs|c |`ic fn {ac b}`su rc}c mhfnkhv msiufnb fn{` {ac }ftc}mgnj. \sk) kcnhv( g mg}bc lgic |{cgifnb `s{ `d {ac kg}j‛{ac mfb tc||ch rg| acgkck |{}gfba{ d`} {aci. [acv ghh |uck d`} {ac }ftc}mgnj( rac}c‛mc{{c} rac}c‛mc{{c} |gdc {agn |`}}v‛ {acv {fck su {` |`ic h`r)agnbfnb {}cc m}gnlac| gnk u}cug}ck {` |ucnk {ac nfba{. \ucnlc} agkn‖{ k}c||ck d`} {ac l`hk rcg{ac}. Ac |g{ fn {ac m`{) {`i `d {ac m`g{ r}guuck fn g u`nla`( {cc{a lag{{c}fnb( {}vfnb {` u}c{cnk {ac lafhh kfkn‖{ ig{{c}. \c}bcgn{ Df}|{ Lhg|| \gi Kfhhc} d`snk g msnla `d hfdc ogljc{| gnk ufhck {a`|c `n {`u `d afi|chd( cfba{ fn ghh( vc{ |{fhh ac hgv `n {ac m`g{ m`{{`i |aftc}fnb. Racn {acv ushhck su g{ {ac m`g{ }giu {ac ncq{ i`}nfnb( Lgh \ucnlc} rgn{ck n`{afnb i`}c {agn {` mc ls}hck su g{ a`ic( ig}) {fnf fn agnk( rg{lafnb [T . Ac {a`sba{ {ag{ igvmc g{ gbc d`}{v ac rg| bc{{fnb {`` `hk d`} {af| jfnk `d r`}j. G| g lafcd rg}}gn{ `d﬇lc}( `d﬇lc}( \ucnlc} rg| {ac |cnf`} | cnf`} ign `n {ac {cgi. Ac rg| g dg{ac} ﬇bs}c {` {ac v`snbc} bsv|( gnk g m}`{ac} {` Kfhhc} gnk Ig|{c} \c}bcgn{ Ug{ C||cq( ra` agk |c}tck rf{a afi fn Kc|c}{ \{`}i. C||cq rg| {afn( gnk |{c}n( `d b``k Ifn) nc|`{g |{`lj !ac agk b}`rn su fn Lghfd`}nfg&( gnk rgn{ck {` |ucnk af| }c{f}cicn{ vcg}| mf}k)rg{lafnb. mf}k)rg{lafnb. \gi Kfhhc} rg| d}`i g a`hhc} fn Rc|{ Tf}bfnfg {ag{ Lgh Lg h {a`sba{ u}`mgmhv u}`mgmh v kfkn‖{ ctcn cqf|{ cqf| { gnvi`}c. Ac rg| gh|`( Lgh {a`sba{( `nc `d {ac |ig}{c|{ bsv| `n {ac {cgi. [acv rc}c ghh b``k icn( gnk |`ickgv( \ucnlc} is|ck( {acv ifba{ os|{ bc{ g }cgh if||f`n. G| ac u`nkc}ck ghh `d {af|( ncr| `d {ac ﬇}|{ uhgnc af{{fnb {ac R`}hk [}gkc Lcn{c} m}`jc `tc} {ac {}slj‖| }gkf`. Ig}lag \ucnlc} rg| |{fhh g{ a`ic fn mck g{ D`}{ Lgiumchh racn {ac ua`nc }gnb. F{ rg| ac} mc|{ d}fcnk( Hf|g( Kfhhc}‖| Kfhhc} ‖| rfdc. ‘[s}n `n {ac [T'’ |ac |gfk. Hf|g |`snkck d}cgjck `s{( gnk {ag{ rg|n‖{ hfjc ac}. \ac rg| `nc `d {ac i`|{ u`f|ck uc`uhc Ig}lag jncr( {`sba g| ngfh|. Ig}lag ﬍fuuck `n {ac |c{ gnk l`shkn‖{ mchfctc rag{ |ac rg| |ccfnb. [ac ﬇}|{ uhgnc agk af{ {ac n`}{a {`rc} gnk {ac msfhkfnb rg| fn ﬍gic|. Ig}lag |{g}ck | {g}ck g{ {ac |l}ccn( n`{ l`iu}cacnkfnb {ac ufl{s}c. 72

A@]\C \@HKFC]\

‘[a`|c uc`uhc(’ |ac is}is}ck. Gnk {acn |ac {a`sba{? Lgh. Ac‖hh mc hcgtfnb |``n. ‘ [acv‖}c b`fnb(’ |gfk Hf|g( `n {ac `{ac} cnk( }cgkfnb ac} ifnk. [ac {r` r`icn fiickfg{chv {}fck {` ﬇bs}c `s{ rac}c {acf} as|) mgnk| r`shk mc kcuh`vck. Rag{ l`sn{}v0 Ra` agk k`nc {af|0 Lgh agk g kcuh`vicn{ |lackshck fn g dcr rccj| {` O`}kgn( g {}gfnfnb if||f`n rf{a {ac O`}kgnfgn g}iv. g}iv. Ig}lag jncr {ag{‖k mc lgnlchck n`r.  G| {acv rc}c rc}c {ghjfnb( {ac {ac |cl`nk uhgnc af{. ‘@a iv B`k'’ {ac {r` d}fcnk| |l}cgick g{ cgla `{ac} fn{` {ac ua`nc. ‘@a iv B`k'’ H``jfnb g{ {ac [T( Ig}lag |gfk {` ac} d}fcnk( ‘[af| `nc }cghhv |lg}c| ic( Hf|g. [af| `nc dcch| kfddc}cn{.’ \`ic{afnb( {acv jncr( agk os|{ cnkck( gnk |`ic{afnb agk os|{ mcbsn. Acg}fnb {ac ncr| `d {ac g{{glj|( \ucnlc} ﬍``}ck {ac mfb ﬇tc){`n {}slj( k`smhc){fifnb f{ {` D`}{ Lgiumchh( acgkwsg}{c}| `d {ac S.\.  G}iv‖| Dfd{a \uclfgh D`}lc| D`}lc| B}`su. [ac asbc u`|{ l`n|f|{| `d `tc} 755(555 |l}smmv gl}c| `d msljhck afhh|( |l`}lack ﬇}fnb }gnbc|( gnk asifk {gnbhc| `d jskzs( |fq{v)`nc ifhc| n`}{arc|{ `d Ng|atfhhc. [ac {af}k hg}bc|{ u`|{ fn {ac Snf{ck \{g{c|( f{ gl{sghhv |u}grh| mc{rccn {r` |{g{c|( {ac igo`}f{v `d f{ h`lg{ck fn [cnnc||cc( ncg} Lhg}j|tfhhc. D`}{ Lgiumchh‖| u`|{ `d﬇lc |f{| fn Jcn{sljv( `s{|fkc {ac dg}ifnb ms}b `d A`ujfn|tfhhc. [ac cn{f}c g}cg f| }fnbck gnk wsfh{ck mv |{}fu ighh|( d}gnlaf|c |{cgja`s|c|( kf|l`sn{ ds}nf{s}c |{`}c|( gnk l`}n﬇chk|. \ucnlc} figbfnck Ig}lag g{ a`ic rg{lafnb {ac ncr| `n [T. Ac jncr |ac rg| {`sba( ms{ ac kfkn‖{ jn`r a`r |ac‖k }cgl{ {` {ac {c}}fmhc figbc|.  G| ac k}`tc( ac dch{ |flj {` af| |{`igla( l`nds|ck. Ac rg| u}c{{v u}c{{v |s}c {ag{ g| |``n ac b`{ mglj {` mg|c( {acv‖k mcbfn ugljfnb {` hcgtc. Mcv`nk {ag{( ctc}v{afnb rg| g wsc|{f`n ig}j. [ac mgn{c} fn {ac {}slj rg| n`n|{`u. Lgn v`s mchfctc {af|0 Ra` {ac achh kfk {af|0 Rc‖}c b`fnb b`fn b {` rg} rg }( }fba{0 }fba{ 0 \ucnlc} l`shk `nhv figbfnc rag{ rg| b`fnb `n fn {a`|c uhgnc|. Ac‖k mccn fn ﬇}c﬇ba{|( ac agk |ccn uc`uhc jfhhck gnk {`}n su gnk mh`rn grgv( grgv( ms{ {af| rg| kfddc}cn{. [ac|c rc}c lftfhfgn|. 71

B@FNB [@ RG]

• • • @n \cu{cimc} 77( =557( Kcgn N`|`}`b agk mccn g ig}}fck ign ig n d`} cqgl{hv d`s} kgv|( g dgl{ {ag{ l`n{fnsck {` |s}u}f|c afi. Ac( Kcgn N`|`}`b( d}`i g ag}k|l}gmmhc dg}i fn Ifnnc|`{g( ig}}fck {` {ac u}c{{fc|{ bf}h `n {ac uhgnc{'  G{ {ac {ac i`icn{ i`icn{ {ac uhgnc| af{( ac gnk gnk Jchhv Jchhv rc}c rc}c fn [gaf{f( [gaf{f( g|hccu fn {acf} a`{ch }``i `tc}h``jfnb g mhglj l}c|lcn{ `d mcgla k`{{ck mv ughi {}cc|. [acv b`{ su( agk m}cgjdg|{ `n {acf} mghl`nv( gnk kclfkck {` b` i`sn{gfn)mfjfnb. Kcgn( igkhv fn h`tc( dch{ g r`}hk grgv d}`i af| }cgh hfdc. [ac mc|{ ug}{ rg| {ag{ ac agk {r` rccj| `d {af| cg|cdsh hftfnb hcd{. [acv rghjck `s{ `d {ac a`{ch agnk)fn)agnk( `mhftf`s| {` {ac ﬇}|{ ncr| }cu`}{| `d {ac g{{glj| uhgvfnb `s{ `n g [T fn g l`}nc} `d {ac h`mmv.  G| {acv uckghck su g i`sn{gfn }`gk( n` `nc ug||fnb mv r`shk agtc bsc||ck Kcgn rg| g |cl}c{ |`hkfc} fn g ug}{ `d {ac G}iv i`|{  Gic}flgn| jncr hf{{hc gm`s{( {ac S.\. G}iv \uclfgh D`}lc|. \sn) ms}nck( d}cljhck( rf{a sn}shv }ck agf}( k}c||ck fn lg}b` |a`}{| gnk [)|af}{( Kcgn }c|cimhck g v`snb uag}iglcs{flgh |ghc|ign `n a`hf) kgv.. Ac jfljck `dd gnk kgv g nk |uck {ac mfjc {`rg}k {`rn( vchhfnb v chhfnb {` Jchhv {` lg{la su.  G{ {ac m`{{`i `d {ac {ac afhh( {acv {acv ushhck fn{` g {fnv D} D}cnla cnla ufzzc}fg gnk `}kc}ck. Gn Gic}flgn r`ign wsfljhv rghjck su `s{ `d m}cg{a gnk |gfk( ‘Agtc v`s acg}k0’ \ac rg| fn {cg}|. ‘G uhgnc(’ |ac mhsmmc}ck. ‘G uhgnc os|{ }gn fn{` g msfhkfnb fn Ncr V`}j. `}j.’’ Kcgn h``jck g{ Jchhv( l`ljfnb gn cvcm}`r. Rag{0 ‘Gnk {ac}c rg| g |cl`nk |cl` nk uhgnc(’ |ac rcn{ `n. ‘G ‘G |cl`nk |cl` nk uhgnc af{ gn`{ac} msfhkfnb.’ Kcgn‖| dglc k}`uuck. ‘As}}v(’ ac {`hk Jchhv. [ac {r` `d {aci }glck mglj {` {ac a`{ch. [ac h`mmv rg| n`r ﬇hhck rf{a Gic}flgn|( ghh `d {aci( f{ |ccick( gh|` `n {acf} a`ncvi``n. Kcgn us|ack su {` {ac [T? ctc}vm`kv askkhck lh`|c( fn |a`lj. Kcgn rg{lack d`} |ctc}gh ifns{c| gnk {acn ac {s}nck {` Jchhv. ‘F‖tc b`{ {` igjc g ua`nc lghh(’ ac |gfk. Ac |{g}{ck mglj {`rg}k {acf} }``i gnk gh`nb {ac rgv ugs|ck g{ {ac d}`n{ kc|j( ufljfnb su g l`uv `d {ac Fn{c}ng{f` Fn{c}ng{f`ngh ngh Ac}ghk [}fmsnc. [ac ncr|uguc}‖| acgkhfnc |{`uuck afi l`hk. 76

A@]\C \@HKFC]\

Ig||`sk rg| kcgk. [ac hcgkc} `d {ac Gdbagn uc`uhc fn {acf} ﬇ba{ gbgfn|{ {ac [ghfmgn. [ac b}cg{ ign agk mccn g{ rg} d`} i`}c {agn {rcn{v vcg}|‛{ac sh{fig{c |s}tft`} |s}tft`}.. N`r ac rg| kcgk. N`{ Ig||`sk. G||g||fng{ck? \cu{cimc} 6( =557. Fn Gdbagnf|{gn. Kcgn dch{ {ag{ {ac {fifnb l`shk n`{ mc gn gllfkcn{. gllf kcn{.  Ghh rccj rccj(( {ac {ac Hf`n agk mccn lh`|c {` kvfnb‛ kvfnb‛ac ac os|{ agkn agkn‖{ ‖{ jn`r jn`rn n f{. f{. Agnk|`ic( b}gvfnb g{ {ac {ciuhc|( rf{a g |ag}u |ifhc gnk cvc| hfjc mhglj cngich( {ac Hf`n agk mccn }c|{hc||. Ac agk kclfkck ac r`shk g{{glj {ac [ghfmgn {ag{ nfba{( \cu{cimc} 6. Fn {ac lgiu( icn agk mccn h`gkfnb GJ);2 igbgzfnc| rf{a gii`( |`}{fnb gnk l`sn{fnb ]UB|( dcckfnb {acf} cqags|{ck( |agbbv a`}|c|( ra`|c ncfbafnb gnk |n`}{fnb lg}`ick `dd }`lj rghh| |l`s}ck mv l`hk i`sn{gfn rfnk|. Ig||`sk agk mccn ﬇ba{fnb {ac [ghfmgn [ghfmgn d`} |ctcn vcg}| gnk‛ac agk {` gkif{‛{acv rc}c gm`s{ {` rfn. Ac rg| m`qck fn{` g {fnv |hflc `d {ac Ugno|af} Tghhcv( af| m`va``k a`ic( g tc}kgn{ |rg{a `d afhh| gnk tf`hc{ c|lg}uicn{|( dglfnb kcg{a. [ghfmgn gnk Gh Wgckg ﬇ba{c}|( rf{a {ac achu `d d`}cfbn G}gm|( rc}c usiichfnb af| }c|f|{) gnlc d`}lc|( {acf} hg|{ `m|{glhc {` {gjfnb {`{gh l`n{}`h. \{fhh( ac t`rck {` u}c|| `n. Ac r`shk nctc} bftc su {ac ﬇ba{. Ac r`shk mf{c gnk lhgr g{ {ac cnciv. cnciv. Ac r`shk jfhh( r`snk( ag}g||. ag}g|| . Gaick \aga Ig|) |`sk( {ac Hf`n `d {ac Ugno|af}( gn ghhv `d {ac Snf{ck \{g{c| gnk {ac LFG ks}fnb {ac 7626“16 \`tfc{ fntg|f`n `d {ac l`sn{}v( rg| {ac hg|{ lagnlc Gdbagn lf{fzcn| agk {` kcdcg{ {ac [ghfmgn. [ghfmgn. Ac agk d`sba{ {ac \`tfc{| d`} {cn vcg}|( sn{fh {acv }c{}cg{ck fn kcdcg{. Gnk {acn ac agk d`sba{ {ac icn rf{a ra`i ac agk d`sba{ {ac \`tfc{|. [a`s|gnk| gnk {a`s|gnk| agk kfck `n ghh |fkc|( gnk Ig||`sk( gh{a`sba }ctc}ck( agk uhcn{v `d |jchc{`n| fn af| `rn lh`|c{. Ig||`sk agk mccn g{ rg} d`} {rcn{v){r` vcg}|. Fn Gu}fh =557( Ig||`sk agk {}gtchck {` \{}g|m`s}b {` g|j d`} fn{c}) ng{f`ngh g||f|{gnlc. [ac}c( ac agk |gfk {` {ac u}c||( ‘Fd U}c|fkcn{ Ms|a k`c|n‖{ achu s|( {acn {ac|c {c}}`}f|{| rfhh kgigbc {ac Snf{ck \{g{c| gnk Cs}`uc tc}v |``n‛gnk f{ rfhh mc {`` hg{c.’ Ig||`sk agk mccn kc|l}fmfnb {ac [ghfmgn gnk g ign ngick @|gig mfn Hgkcn( {ac mfhhf`ngf}c |`n `d g \gskf l`n|{}sl{f`n i`bsh. N` `nc hf|{cnck. [ag{ ncbhcl{ agk bftcn mfn Hgkcn {ac |siic} {` `}bgnfzc g |cl}c{ uhgn {` jfhh Ig||`sk. [ac ig|{c}ifnk rg| g ign ngick =5

B@FNB [@ RG]

 Gvign gh)_grgaf}f( gn Gh Wgckg l`iignkc} l`iignkc}.. Mfn Hgkcn‖| g}iv g}iv(( {`{ghfnb |`ic <(555 {}gfnck |`hkfc}|( agk ic}bck rf{a {ac [ghfmgn( l`n|f|{fnb `d 73(555 dg}ic}| gnk ms{lac}|( {cglac}| gnk hgrvc}|. [`bc{ac}( {acv rgn{ck {` }c{s}n {ac Ifkkhc Cg|{ {` {ac d`s}{ccn{a lcn{s}v(( fn{` g b`hkcn gbc }shck mv F|hgifl lcn{s}v F|hgif l hgr. hgr. G mfb |{cu {`rg}k {ag{ b}cg{ |{cu mglj r`shk mc {ac chfifng{f`n `d Gaick \aga Ig||`sk. Fn af| a`{ch }``i( Kcgn kfghck {ac Dfd{a \uclfgh D`}lc| B}`su Acgkwsg}{c}| g{ D`}{ Lgiumchh. Ac b`{ {ac gn|rc}fnb iglafnc `d af| mg{{ghf`n l`iignkc}. D}gn{fl( ac hcd{ g ic||gbc. ‘\f}(’ ac |gfk( ‘F‖i fn [gaf{f( F os|{ |gr rag{ aguucnck `n [T.’ Ac d`snk afi|chd {ghjfnb rgv {`` dg|{. ‘F rgn{ {` {ghj {` v`s( F rgn{ {` jn`r rag{ f| b`fnb `n. Rag{ k` v`s ncck d}`i ic0’ Kcgn bhgnlck gbgfn g{ {ac ncr|uguc} fn af| agnk. ‘F‖i h``jfnb g{ {ac Fn{c}ng{f`ngh Ac}ghk [}fmsnc . [ac hcgkc} `d {ac N`}{ac}n  Ghhfgnlc rg| g||g||fng{ck( gll`}kfnb gll`}kfnb {` {af| g}{flhc( g}{flhc( mv mfn Hgkcn.’ Kcgn jncr mfn Hgkcn gnk ac jncr Ig||`sk. [ac dgi`s| bsc}) }fhhg agk mccn {ac hcgkc} `d |`ic{afnb lghhck {ac N`}{ac}n Ghhfgnlc( g |agjv l`hhcl{f`n `d {a}cc Gdbagn {}fmc| ra`‖k d`sba{ d` sba{ {ac [ghfmgn. [ghfmgn. Rf{a Ig||`sk kcgk( kcgk ( Kcgn jncr {ag{ {ac Ghhfgnlc r`shk mc fn kgn) k gn) bc} `d dghhfnb gug}{. Ig||`sk‖| g||g||fng{f`n gnk {ac g{{glj| ac‖k |ccn `n [T {af| i`}nfnb is|{( Kcgn bsc||ck( mc g l``}kfng{ck g||gsh{. Ac asnb su( }ckfghck( gnk |{g}{ck h``jfnb d`} ﬍fba{| {` D`}{ Lgiumchh.  G{ af| mg|c lgiu fn {ac Ugno|af} Ugno|af} Tghhcv Tghhcv(( Ig||`sk agk mccn `n {ac ua`nc racn {ac g||g||fn| g}}ftck( {r` G}gm| {}gtchfnb `n |{`hcn Mchbfgn ug||u`}{|( gnk u`|fnb g| {chctf|f`n o`s}nghf|{| ra` agk lgo`hck {` icc{ rf{a Ig||`sk d`} |ctc}gh rccj|. Ac rchl`ick {ac tf|f{`}| gnk {acv |cg{ck {aci|chtc| `uu`|f{c afi. Ig||`sk }cwsc|{ck {cg d`} af| bsc|{|. Ac agk g|jck {` |cc {ac hf|{ `d fn{c}tfcr wsc|{f`n| rafhc lag{{fnb rf{a {ac lgic}gign g| ac |c{ su af| cwsfuicn{. Ac {`hk {aci {acv l`shk mcbfn {ac fn{c}tfcr. [ac G}gm gfick {ac cvc `d {ac hcn| g{ Ig||`sk‖| rgf|{. Ac |rf{lack f{ `n. Fncquhflgmhv( Fncquhflgmhv( {ac lgic}g ﬍g|ack rf{a mhsc ﬇}c( la`j) fnb {ac }``i rf{a |i`jc. [ac ﬇}c hcguck |{}gfba{ g{ Ig||`sk.  G| {ac |i`jc hfd{ck( Ig||`sk hgv mhcckfnb fn {ac lag}}ck ashj `d af| lagf}( lagf}( g a`hc mh`rn {a}`sba {ac lagf}‖| lagf} ‖| mglj. =7

A@]\C \@HKFC]\

[ac lgic}gign rg| kcgk( ls{ fn aghd mv {ac d`}lc `d {ac m`im {ag{ agk mccn |{}guuck {` {ac mg{{c}v uglj `n af| rgf|{. Ig||`sk agk raf|uc}ck {` g m`kvbsg}k( ‘Uflj ic su.’ Dfn Dfnbc}| bc}| `n af| }fba{ agnk agk mccn mh`rn grgv: af| dglc rg| g mh``kv ic||. \`ic`nc wsfljhv |{sddck l`{{`n fn{` af| cvc |`ljc{|. Ac agk mccn |a`{ {a}`sba {ac acg}{ mv |a}gunch. [ac}c rg| n` a`uc `d |gtfnb afi. Af| gfkc| |{g|ack afi fn g }cd}fbc}g{`} g{ g [gofjf|{gn i`}bsc( gnk t`rck {` |{gv isi. [acv [ acv dcg}ck {ac }c|f|{gnlc ﬇ba{c}| r`shk h`|c acg}{ gnk }sn. Rf{afn g kgv `d Ig||`sk‖| kcg{a( {ac afhh| g}`snk J`nksz cla`ck rf{a }si`}| `d af| ug||fnb( lg}}fck {a}`sba lgnv`n gnk }ftc})rg|a mv agnkachk I`{`}`hg }gkf`|. Fn g {}cnla dg} n`}{a `d {ac lf{v( g v`snb ign d}`i Lghfd`}nfg agk |c{{hck k`rn fn {ac mcfbc( {ghlsi cg}{a gnk lhgfick f{ g| Ghhga‖| hg|{ mg{{hcb}`snk.  Gmks  Gm kshh Ag Agif ifk k jn jncr cr {a {acc df dfng nghh mg mg{{ {{hc hc rg rg|| nc ncg}. g}. Ac ag agk k os os|{ |{ ig}lack n`}{a rf{a 7<5 `{ac} ﬇ba{c}| d`} 755 ifhc| d}`i {ac lf{v `d J`nksz( |{cuufnb `tc} }`lj gnk {a`}n fn {afn |gnkgh|( b`fnb rf{a) `s{ d``k `} rg{c}( rg{c}( g mgnk`hfc} `d giisnf{f`n |hsnb `tc} af| |a`sh) kc}(( {r` b}cngkc| |{sddck fn g mgb g{ af| rgf|{( {` }cgla {af| uhglc `d kc} rg}(( {ac kc|`hg{c tfhhgbc `d Laflajca. Rf{a rg} Rf{a Ig||`sk }si`}ck kcgk( {acv r`shk ﬇nf|a `dd rag{ rg| hcd{ `d {ac l`}}su{ cncifc| `d F|hgi.  Gmksh rg| g icimc} `d mfn Hgkcn‖| l}glj snf{ lghhck {ac 533 M}fbgkc( ug}{ `d {ac hg}bc} Gh Wgckg g}iv. Ac agk ic{ {ac b}cg{ ign g i`n{a cg}hfc} ncg} Jgnkgag}( {ac mf}{auhglc `d {ac [ghfmgn gnk {acf} |uf}f{sgh a`ic `d |{skv‛{ac r`}k {ghfm f| G}gmfl d`} ‘|{s) kcn{.’ [ac {}gfnfnb lgiu( Gh Dg}``w( rg| d}cwscn{ck mv \gskf|( mv Laclacn| gnk Ugjf|{gnf|( Ugjf|{gnf|( {ac tc}v mc|{ `d {ac i`|{ |c}f`s| ig}{v}| k}grn {` {ac |cg}fnb hfba{ `d mfn Hgkcn‖| ic||gbc. \`ic `d {ac lgiu d`hh`rc}| agk glafctck ig}{v}k`i fn {ac u}ctf`s| |ctc}gh vcg}| mv m`imfnb cimg||fc| fn Ngf}`mf gnk \gskf G}gmfg( ctcn gn  Gic}flgn rg}|afu rg}|afu ngick {ac S\\ L`hc fn Vcicn. [ac|c }fba{c`s| g{{glj| agk jfhhck ignv uc`uhc( Gic}flgn| gi`nb {acn. Af| l`i}gkc|( Gmksh jncr( agk kfck fn `}kc} {` k}ftc {ac kf}{v fn﬇kch( {ac Ocr( {ac La}f|{fgn( {ac Mskkaf|{( {ac g{acf|{ d}`i {ac hgnk `d Isagiigk( rafla rg| \gskf G}gmfg( {ac ag}k)}`lj l}gkhc `d F|hgi( {ac a`hv lf{fc| `d Icllg gnk Ickfng. Gd{c} {ac m`imfnb `d {ac S\\ L`hc( rafla jfhhck |ctcn{ccn |gfh`}| gnk fnos}ck {af}{v) ==

B@FNB [@ RG]

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