it about the duty of the lawyers and advocates which the must always followed while they performing as the professional
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LOVELY PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIO NAL UNIVERSITY Department of Management
MBA(HONS.)
HOMEWORK-I MT!!"# $USINESS ENVIRONMENT %Top&'%Top&'- PESTEL ana()*&* of +ANADA,
Submitted to: Harsha H.N L.H.S.B.
Submitted byVivek Dilawari RQ1!"1#
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2
Name +anaa $%or &o've'tio'al a'd le(al use) *Domi'io' o% +a'ada* remai's le(al but rarely used, T)pe of go.ernment estmi'ster style %ederal arliame'tary %ederal arliame'tary demo&ra&y withi' demo&ra&y withi' a &o'stitutio'al &o' stitutio'al mo'ar&hy. +ap&ta( /ttawa0 /'tario. Am&n&*trat&.e &.&*&on* e' rovi rovi'& '&es es a'd thre threee terr territ itor orie ies: s: "lber lberta ta00 Brit Britis ish h +olu +olumb mbia ia00 2a'i 2a'ito toba ba00 New New Bru'swi&k0 New%ou'dla'd a'd Labrador0 Northwest erritories0 Nova S&otia0 Nu'avut0 /'tario0 3ri'&e 4dward 5sla'd0 Quebe&0 Saskat&hewa'0 6uko'. 6uko'. Nat&ona( /o(&a) +a'ada Day0 7uly 1. +on*t&t0t&on estmi'ster estmi'ster system0 based o' u'writte' u' writte' &o've'tio's a'd writte' le(islatio'. S0ffrage +iti8e's a(ed 1# years or older. /'ly two adult &iti8e's i' +a'ada &a''ot vote: the +hie% 4le&to 4le&toral ral /%%i&e /%%i&er0 r0 a'd the Deuty Deuty +hie% +hie% 4le&to 4le&toral ral /%%i /%%i&er &er.. he 9over' 9over'or or 9e'era 9e'erall is eli(ible to vote0 but abstai's due to &o'stitutio'al &o've'tio'. Part&'&pat&on &n &nternat&ona( organ&1at&on* "ustralia "ustralia 9rou0 +ommo'wealth +ommo'wealth o% Natio's0 Natio's0 9-# 9-#00 9-1 9-100 5BRD0 52 5200 5'terol0 ;yoto 3roto&ol0 3roto&ol0 N""0 N""0 North "meri&a' "meri&a' "erosa&e "erosa&e De%e'se +omma'd0 +omma'd0 uare,0 a'd red0 with a le'(th twi&e that o% its hei(ht. Hea of *tate 4li8abeth 550 Quee' o% +a'ada $si'&e ebruary ?0 1@A!,. V&'ero) David Lloyd 7oh'sto'0 9over'or 9e'eral o% +a'ada $si'&e /&tober 10 !1,. Hea of go.ernment 3rime 2i'ister Stehe' Harer $si'&e ebruary ?0 !?,. E(e't&on* he mo'ar&hy is hereditary. he 9over'or 9e'eral is aoi'ted by the mo'ar&h o' the
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3
POLITI+AL ASPE+T OF THE +OUNTRY# +OUNTRY# ye o% 9over' ye 9over'me' me't: t: 3arlia 3arliame' me'tar tary y demo&ra demo&ra&y &y a'd a %edera %ederall sys system tem o% arli arliame ame'ta 'tary ry (over'me't with stro'( demo&rati& traditio's. +a'ada has a multi-arty system i' whi&h ma'y o% the &ou'trys le(islative ra&ti&es derive %rom the the u'wri u'writt tte' e' &o've &o've't 'tio io's 's o% a'd a'd re& re&ede ede't 'tss set set by the the <'it <'ited ed ;i'( ;i'(dom doms s estmi stmi's 'ste ter r 3arliame't. +a'ada +a'ada has evolved evolved variat variatio' io's: s: arty arty dis&i dis&ili' li'ee i' +a'ada +a'ada is stro'( stro'(er er tha' tha' i' the <'ited <'ited ;i'(dom a'd more arliame'tary votes are &o'sidered motio's o% &o'%ide'&e0 whi&h te'ds to dimi dimi'i 'ish sh the the role role o% 'o''o'-+a +abi bi'et 'et 2emb 2ember erss o% 3arl 3arlia iame me't 't $23s $23s,. ,. Su&h Su&h memb member ers0 s0 i' the the (over'me't &au&us0 a'd Cu'ior or lower-ro%ile members o% oositio' &au&uses0 are k'ow' as 2a'32en'/er* . he two domi'a't oliti&al arties i' +a'ada at rese't are0 the +o'servative 3arty o% +a'ada a'd a'd the the Libe Libera rall 3art 3arty y o% +a'ad +a'ada0 a0 but but sm smal alle lerr art artie iess su&h su&h as the the so&i so&ial al demo demo&r &rat ati& i& New New Demo&rati& 3arty0 a'd the 9ree' 3arty o% +a'ada &a' eert their ow' i'%lue'&e over the oliti&al ro&ess. Liberalism has (e'erated suorters a'd adversaries %rom the time the se&o'd Pr&me M&n&*ter of +anaa4 +anaa4 A(e5aner A(e5aner Ma'3en1&e Ma'3en1&e 0 be&ame a member o% the Liberal 3arty all the way u u'til today0 where Liberalism &o'ti'ues to domi'ate the House o% +ommo's. +a2&net 2i'isters 2i'isters $usually $usually arou'd thirty, thirty, &hose' by the 3rime 2i'ister 2i'ister a'd aoi'ted aoi'ted by the 9over'or 9e'era 9e'erall to lead lead variou variouss mi'ist mi'istrie riess a'd a(e'&i a(e'&ies0 es0 (e'eral (e'erally ly with with re(io' re(io'al al reres rerese't e'tati atio'. o'. raditio'ally most0 i% 'ot all0 &abi'et mi'isters will be members o% the leaders ow' arty i' the House o% +ommo's $see +abi'et o% +a'ada,) however this is 'ot le(ally or &o'stitutio'ally ma'dated0 a'd o&&asio'ally the 3rime 2i'ister will aoi't a &abi'et mi'ister %rom a'other arty.
E+ONOMI+AL ASPE+T OF THE +OUNTRY# +OUNTRY# /'e o% the wealthiest 'atio's o% the world0 +a'ada is a member o% the /r(a'i8atio' o% the 4&o'omi& +ooeratio' a'd Develome't $/4+D, a'd the 9-#. +a'adaEs e&o'omy is domi'ated by the servi&e se&tor. /'e o% the %ew 'atio's i' the world to be a 'et eorter o% e'er(y0 +a'ada
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+a'adia' i'%latio' rate e'ded !1 at !.FG0 shy o% market ee&tatio's %or a !.AG i'&rease althou(h hi(her tha' the !.G re&orded i' November. he Ba'k o% +a'adas measure o% &ore i'%latio' also moved hi(her i' De&ember to 1.AG relative to a year earlier %rom 1.FG i' November. 2arket %ore&asts %ore&asts were %or the &ore rate to rise to 1.?G. Nearly G o% +a'adaEs 9ross Domesti& 3rodu&t $9D3, is &o'tributed by its servi&e se&tor0 whi& whi&h h eml emloy oyss over over AG AG o% the the &ou't &ou'try ryEEs ou oula lati tio'. o'. h hee &ou't &ou'try ryEs Es a(ri a(ri&u &ult ltur uree se&t se&tor or &o'tributes o'ly !G o% o % the 9D30 emloyi'( emloyi'( a similar roortio' o% its eole. he North "meri&a' 'atio'Es i'dustry &o'tributes 'early !#G o% its 9D30 while emloyi'( arou'd !G o% its oulatio'. he &ou'tryEs servi&es se(me't i'&ludes retail0 &ommu'i&atio'0 real estate0 %i'a'&ial servi&es0 health a'd edu&atio' e'tertai'me't0 te&h'olo(y a'd tourism. " lar(e ortio' o% the &ou'tryEs 'atural resour&es0 i'&ludi'( oil0 (old0 'i&kel a'd ura'ium a'd a(ri&ultural rodu&ts like wheat a'd other (rai's0 are eorted to the uite &o'servative i' &omariso' to the <'ited States.
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5
SO+IAL ASPE+T OF +OUNTRY# +OUNTRY# In'ome
he avera(e %amily i'&ome i' ! was I??01?) o !G o% %amilies re&eive FJ.?G o% the i'&ome0 while the bottom !G re&eives o'ly A.!G o% the i'&ome. his level o% i'e>uality has bee' mai'tai'ed %or FA years. +learly0 +a'ada has less i'&ome disarity tha' the <'ited States S'/oo(&ng
4du&atio' is a' imorta't determi'a't o% labor %or&e arti&iatio'0 o&&uatio' a'd i'&ome0 a'd it is hi(hly hi(hly valued valued i' +a'ada +a'ada a'd other other i'dust i'dustria riall so&iet so&ieties ies.. "ltho "lthou(h u(h edu&ati edu&atio' o' is (e'eral (e'erally ly &o'&eived to be a ri(ht0 there has 'ot always bee' e>ual arti&iatio' by wome'. Lately0 wome' have &omleted more s&hooli'( tha' me'. ener
ome' ome' ear' less i'&ome0 a&&umulate less wealth a'd e'Coy less o&&uatio'al resti(e tha' me'. SO+IAL +LASSES IN +ANADA
T/e Upper +(a**
Upper0pper*
Lo6er0pper*
J to AG o% +a'adia's %all 2u&h o% their wealth is i'herited0 their &hildre' (o i'to this &lass. to rivate s&hools a'd they eer&ise (reat ower i' o&&uat o&&uatio' io'al al os ositi itio's o's.. "ltho "lthou(h u(h this this (rou (rou has histori&ally bee' rimarily o% British ori(i'0 it is 'ow more widely distributed. /'e er&e't belo'(s to a' 3rimarily o% *old mo'ey*. uer-uer level disti'(uished he remai'i'( !-FG %alls Dee'd more o' ear'i'(s tha' i'herited wealth. i'to the lower-uer level a'd
T/e M& T/e M&(e (e Rou(h Rou(hly ly F-AG F-AG o% the the Be&ause o% its si8e it has treme'dous i'%lue'&e o' +(a** +a'adia' +a'adia' oulatio' oulatio' %alls %alls atter's o% North "meri&a' &ulture. here is i'to this &ate(ory. &o'siderable ra&ial a'd eth'i& diversity i' this &lass
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ma'a(erial or ro%essio'al %ields. he rest o% the middle &lass $avera(e middles, tyi&ally work i' less resti(ious white-&ollar o&&uatio's or hi(hly skille skilled d blue-& blue-&oll ollar ar Cobs. Cobs. "&&ordi' "&&ordi'( ( to the So'&a( D&.er*&t)4 the middle &lass domi'ate the +al(ary Stamede. T/e Wor3&ng +(a**
T/e Lo6er +(a**
his &lass &omrises about Have Have lower lower i'&ome i'&omess tha' tha' the middl middle-&l e-&lass ass a'd o'e-third o% the oulatio' virt virtua uall lly y 'o a&&u a&&um mulat ulated ed weal wealth th.. h hei eirr Cobs Cobs rovide less erso'al satis%a&tio'. satis%a&tio'. he remai'i'( !G o% our 5' !1 rou(hly 1AG o% the +a'adia' oulatio' oulatio' is ide'ti%ied as was labeled as oor. 2a'y are suorted e'tirely the lower &lass. by wel%are ayme'ts while others are amo'( the *worki'( oor* whose i'&omes are i'su%%i&ie't to &over 'e&essities like %ood0 shelter0 a'd &lothi'(.
POVERTY IN +ANADA
"roimately F.F millio' +a'adia's live below the *overty li'e0* that oi't below whi&h eole se'd aroimately AAG o% re-ta i'&ome o' %ood0 &lothi'(0 a'd shelter. " re&e't <'ited Natio's reort has &riti&i8ed +a'ada %or maki'( 'o measurable ro(ress i' alleviati'( overty. " *wealthy* so&iety %i'ds ! millio' eole re(ularly maki'( use o% %ood ba'ks a'd sou kit&he's. +hildre' +hildre' are more likely to be oor tha' a'y other a(e (rou. 1A.?G o% eole u'der the a(e o% ei(htee' are o%%i&ially &lassi%ied as oor. +a'ada is o' avera(e very low but imroves over time as they a&&ulturate to +a'adia' so&iety. he overty rate %or the elderly has bee' de&li'i'( but as the boomers retires) we will see a rise i' the absolute 'umber o% elderly oor. oor.
TE+HNOLOI+AL TE+HNOLOI+ AL ASPE+T ASPE+T Internet
he i'ter'et be&omes a' imorta't sour&e o% i'%ormatio'0 marked by the oularity o% su&h sites
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!A. 5t rovides aerial views o% the earth0 i'&ludi'( +a'ada a'd is viewed by thousa'ds o% web users every day i'&ludi'( ma'y +a'adia's. "'other i'ter'et i'%ormatio' servi&e0 a teleho'e dire&tory0 +a'ada F11.&a has be&ome very oular si'&e i'trodu&ed i' re&e't years0 so mu&h so that the delivery o% the reside'tial aer teleho'e book whi&h was i'trodu&ed to +a'ada i' 1##0 will &ease i' maCor &ities i' !1. D&g&ta( +omm0n&'at&on 7 HD TV %De(&.er),
wo oro'to-based &oma'ies0 Sirius +a'ada a'd K2 +a'ada i'trodu&ed dire&t-to-home=&ar0 di(i di(ita tall sate satell llit itee radi radio o serv servi& i&ee i' De&e De&emb mber er ! !A A a'd by !# !# had had A A0 0 a'd a'd F0 F0 subs&r sub s&ribe ibers rs rese& rese&tiv tively ely.. 5' 1@@@ eles elesat at lau'&h lau'&hed ed the %irst %irst o% %our %our Nimi> Nimi> dire&t dire&t broad&a broad&ast st satellites whi&h rovide the sa&e-based sa&e- based satellite tra'smitters %or these servi&es. 5' !J Bell +a'ada +a'ada i'trod i'trodu&ed u&ed a' imro imroved ved see&h see&h re&o('i re&o('iti tio' o' sys system tem %or its J1-!JAA J1-!JAA &ustomer routi'( servi&e i' /'tario. Bell +a'ada users seak with the ro(ramme throu(h *4mily* a you'( %emale-sou'di'( arti%i&ial voi&e. 5' !A0 Skye0 a voi&e-a'd-movi'(-i&tureover-i'ter'et te&h'olo(y be&ame available to users arou'd the world0 i'&ludi'( +a'adia's. he te&h'i>ue0 whi&h byasses the traditio'al teleho'e 'etwork0 allows eole to use the i'ter'et as a tye o% teleho'e a'd to both talk to a'd see ea&h other duri'( &alls. 5t is used mai'ly %or lo'(dista'&e &ommu'i&atio'. D&g&ta( +o0rt*
he <'iversity o% 2o'treal has re&e'tly eerime'ted with ways to imrove the admi'istratio' o% Custi&e by &reati'( a di(ital &ourt room i' whi&h mo&k trials are held usi'( moder' te&h'olo(y to seed the ro&eedi'(s. he *&ourtroom* has %a&ilities %or %ili'( do&ume'ts ele&tro'i&ally. it'esses &a' testi%y by video li'k or holo(rahi& ally %rom a remote lo&atio'. Do&ume'ts &a' be served o' arties throu(h so&ial media. "&&ordi'( to those i'volved with the roCe&t0 barriers to its ali&atio' i' real &ourtroom setti'(s are 'ot te&h'olo(i&al but rather emotio'al0 with Cud(es a'd lawyers bei'( resista't to &ha'(e.
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8
$a, the reservatio' a'd e'ha'&eme't o% the >uality o% the 'atural e'viro'me't0 i'&ludi'( water0 air a'd soil >uality) $b, re'ewable resour&es0 i'&ludi'( mi(ratory birds a'd other 'o'-domesti& %lora a'd %au'a) $&, water) $d, meteorolo(y) $e, the e'%or&eme't o% a'y rules or re(ulatio's made by the 5'ter'atio'al 7oi't +ommissio') a'd $%, the &oordi'atio' o% the oli&ies a'd ro(rams o% the 9over'me't o% +a'ada rese&ti'( the reservatio' a'd e'ha'&eme't o% the >uality o% the 'atural e'viro'me't. <'de <'derr the Canadian Environmental Protection Act $R.S.0 1@@@0 &. JJ,0 4'viro'me't +a'ada be&ame the lead %ederal deartme't to e'sure the &lea' u ha8ardous waste a'd oil sills. he deartme't is also reso'sible %or i'ter'atio'al e'viro'me'tal issues $e.(.0 +a'ada-
LEAL ASPE+T OF +OUNTRY he +a'adia' le(al system has its %ou'datio' i' the British &ommo' law system0 i'herited %rom bei'( a %ormer &olo'y o% the <'ited ;i'(dom a'd later a member o% the +ommo'wealth o% Natio's. Quebe&0 however0 still retai's a &ivil system %or issues o% rivate law. Both le(al
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9
Re%u(ee Law0 Law0 Labor a'd 4mloyme't Law0 Law0 3ate't Law0 Law0 3ro&edural law0 law0 3roerty Law0 Law0 ort Law00 rade-mar Law rade-mark k Law +ommon (a6
"ll rovi'&es a'd territories withi' +a'ada0 e&ludi'( Quebe&0 %ollow the &ommo' law le(al traditio'. 4>ually0 &ourts &ourts have ower u'der the rovi'&ial Judicature Acts to aly e>uity. /'ly the Sureme +ourt o% +a'ada has authority to bi'd all &ourts i' the &ou'try with a si'(le ruli'(. he busier &ourts0 su&h as the +ourt o% "eal %or /'tario0 %or eamle0 are o%te' looked to %or (uida'&e o' ma'y lo&al matters o% law outside the rovi'&e0 ese&ially i' matters su&h as evide'&e a'd &rimi'al law. Due to +a'adaEs histori&al &o''e&tio' with the <'ited ;i'(dom0 de&isio's o% the House o % Lords be%ore 1#? are te&h'i&ally still bi'di'( o' +a'ada u'less they have bee' overtur'ed by the Sureme +ourt o% +a'ada0 a'd +a'ada is still bou'd by the de&isio's o% the 3rivy +ou'&il be%ore the abolishme't o% aeals to that e'tity i' 1@F@. +rimi'al o%%e'&es are %ou'd withi' the +rimi'al +ode o% +a'ada or other %ederal=rovi'&ial laws0 with the e&etio' that &o'temt o% &ourt is the o'ly remai'i'( &ommo' law o%%e'&e i' +a'ada. +&.&( La6
or histori&al reaso's0 Quebe& has a hybrid le(al system. 3rivate law %ollows the &ivil law traditio'0 traditio'0 ori(i'ally ori(i'ally eressed eressed i' the Coutume de Paris as it alied i' what was the' New ra'&e. oday0 the jus commune o% Quebe& is &odi%ied i' the +ivil +ode o% Quebe&. "s %or ubli& law0 it was made that o% the &o'>ueri'( British 'atio' a%ter the %all o% New ra'&e i' 1?0 whi&h is the &ommo' law.
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