LE CORBUSIER
Name
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris Jeanneret-G ris Le Corbusier
Nationality Birth date
Swiss / French October 6, 1887(1887-10-06 1887(1887-10-06))
Birth place
La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
Date of death
August 27, 1965 (aged 77)
LE CORBUSIER
Place of death Roquebrune-Cap Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, -Martin, France •Le Corbusier was an architect, designer, urbanist, writer and also painter, who
is famous for his contributions to what now is called Modern architecture. •His career spanned 8 decades, with his buildings constructed throughout central Europe, India, Russia, and one each in North and South America. He was also an urban planner, painter, sculptor, writer, and modern furniture designer. •Died in the mediterranean •Dad was watchmaker •Grew up seeing the alps – adored cows right from his childhood (inspiration for chandigarh secratariat)
MODULAR THOERY
- Le Corbusier explicitly used the golden ratio in his Modular system for the scale of architectural proportion. - Le Corbusier based the system on human measurements, Fibonacci numbers, and the double unit. - He took Leonardo's suggestion of the golden ratio in human proportions to an extreme: he sectioned his model human body's height at the navel with the two t wo sections in golden ratio, then subdivided those sections in golden ratio at the knees and throat; he used these golden ratio proportions in the Modular system. - Le Corbusier placed systems of harmony and proportion at the centre of his design philosophy, philosophy, and his faith in the mathematical order of the universe was closely bound to the golden section and the Fibonacci series Le Corbusier's 1927 Villa Stein in Garches exemplified the Modular system's application. The villa's rectangular ground
VILLA SAVOYE SAVOYE
Situated at Poissy, outside of Paris, it is one of the most recognisable architectural presentations of the International Style. The Villa Savoye was designed as a weekend country house and is situated just outside of the small village of Poissy in a meadow which was originally surrounded by trees. The polychromatic interior contrasts with the primarily white exterior. Vertical circulation is facilitated by ramps as well as stairs. The house fell int in to ruin during World War II but has since been restored and is open o pen for viewing.
busier •The house was emblematic of Le Cor busier work in that it addressed ― THE FIVE POINTS", his basic tenets of a new aesthetic of architecture constructed in reinforced concrete: •The pilotis, or ground-level supporting columns, elevate the building from the damp earth allowing the garden to flow beneath. • A A flat roof terrace reclaims the area of the building site for domestic purposes, including a garden area. •The free plan, made possible by the elimination of load-bearing walls, consists con sists of partitions placed where they are needed nee ded without regard for those on adjoining levels. adjoining levels. •Horizontal windows provide even illumination and ventilation. uncons trained •The freely-designed facade, unconstrained
VILLA SAVOYE (1928 – 1931)
Austerely functional on the outside, its volume is • Austerely
supported by by
pilotis above a large expanse of lawn. •Direct access for cars, parked between the pilotis, beneath the house. •Once through the glass wall, visitors have two access options – stairway and ramp. •In Le Corbusier‘s eyes, the stairway ―separates‖ whereas the ramp ―links‖. •Ramp – stretches from the lawn to the sky sky,, like a majestic ―architectural promenade‖, extending from the entrance through the
apartment on the second floor to the roof terrace. •The dwelling is arranged in the form of an ―L‖ that cleanly separates
the public areas from the bedrooms. •Two-thirds of the living room – patio. Access to the three bedroom – via corridors isolating the main • Access bathroom.
PLANS, SECTIONS & ELEVATIONS
MILL OWNERS ASSOCIATION BUILDING
Ashram Road, in •The building is located on Ashram the western part of the city, overlooking the river Sabarmati in Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad. A ceremonial ramp makes for a grand • A approach into a triple height entrance hall, open to the wind. Arrival is on the first floor, floor, where (as per • Arrival the original design) the executives‘ offices and boardroom are located. •The ground floor houses the work-spaces
of the clerks and a separate, single-story canteen at the rear. •On the second floor fl oor of the Mill Owners‘ Building, the lobby is treated as ―an open
space defined by harsh, angular forms and the auditorium as an enclosed space delineated by soft, curvilinear forms …two
• On the third floor is a high, top-lit auditorium with
a roof canopy and a curved, enclosing wall, in addition to a generous lobby. •The east and west facades are in the form of sun breakers or brise-soleil, one of Corbusier‘s many
formal inventions, which, while avoiding harsh sun, permit visual connection and air movement. While the brise-soleil act as free facades made of rough shuttered concrete, the north and south sides, built in rough brickwork, are almost unbroken. •It‘s a brilliant display of classic Corbusier, highlighting clean lines, warm light and bright spaces with hints of colour against the textured concrete.
mill owners owners asso association ciation ahmedabad
ramp and staircases
VIEWS OF THE BUILDING PREMISES
•The toilets are two interlocking curves with a
service shaft in between which grows up to the terrace. •Its form and scale contradicts its surrounding. •Visual privacy is achieved by virtue of its form. •Entries are on opposite sides of the curves. •Ventilators are pulled out of the height and
emphasized.
•Six shaped auditorium. •Its naturally lit by skylights which
forms a gallery. •View to the Sabarmati. •Subtle transition from
the built to unbuilt.
By way of explanation, Corbusier placed these giant angled louvers on the west side of the building in an attempt to to
•Cladded by ply for better acoustic
mill owners association ahmedabad
mill owners association ahmedabad
CHANDIGARH
chandigarh •The idea of building Chandigarh was conceived soon after India's independence in 1947, when the tragedy and chaos of Partition, and the loss of its historic capital Lahore, had crippled the state of Punjab.
A new city was needed to house innumerable refugees and to provide an • A administrative seat for the newly formed government of re-defined Punjab. •Chandigarh was regarded as a unique symbol of the progressive aspirations of the
new republic and the ideology of its struggle for independence. •It aimed to provide a generous cultural and social infrastructure and equitable opportunities for a dignified, healthy living even to the "poorest of the poor ". •The near vacuum of indigenous expertise needed to realize this dream prompted the
search for Western skill. • Y Yet, et, conscious of the specificities specific ities of their situation, the search was narrowed to "...a
good modern architect who was not severely bound by an established style and who would be capable of developing a new conception originating from the exigencies of the project itself and suited to the Indian climate, available materials and the functions of the new capital. Mayer, •"The Chandigarh Project was, at first, assigned to the American planner Albert Mayer, with his associate Matthew Nowicki working out architectural details. Le Corbusier's
Corbusier's plan of modern Chandigarh •Taking over from Albert Albert Mayer, Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh
that conformed to the modernist city planning principles, in terms of division of urban functions, an anthropomorphic plan form, and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian networks. •This vision of Chandigarh, contained in the innumerable conceptual maps on the drawing board together with notes and sketches had to be translated into brick and mortar. •Le Corbusier retained many of the seminal ideas of Mayer and Nowicki, like the basic framework of the master plan and its components: The Capitol, City Centre, besides the University, University, Industrial area, and linear parkland. • Even the neighbourhood unit was retained as the basic module of planning. However,, the curving outline of Mayer and Nowicki was reorganized into a However mesh of rectangles, and the buildings were characterized by an "honesty of materials". • Exposed brick and boulder stone masonry in its rough form produced
Le Corbusier on site
•The initial plan had two phases: the first for a population of 150,000 and the
second taking the total population to 500,000. Le Corbusier divided the city into units called "sectors", each representing a theoretically self-sufficient self -sufficient entity with space for living, working and leisure. •The sectors were linked to each other by a road and path network developed along the line of the 7 Vs, or a hierarchy of seven types of circulation patterns. At the highest point in this network was the V1, the highways highways connecting the city
•The city plan is laid down dow n in a grid pattern. chandigarh •The whole city has been divided into rectangular patterns, forming identical looking sectors, each sector measures 800 m x 1200 m. The sectors w ere to act as self-sufficient neighbourhoods, each wit •h its own market, places of worship, w orship, schools and colleges - all within w ithin 10 minutes walking distance from within w ithin the sector. sector. • The original two phases of the plan delineated sectors from 1 to 47, with the exception of 13 (Number 13 is considered unlucky). •The Assembly Assembly,, the secretariat and the high court, all located in i n Sector - 1 are the three monumental buildings designed by Le Corbusier in which he showcased his architectural genius to the maximum. •The city was to be surrounded by a 16 kilometre wide w ide greenbelt that was to ensure that no development could take place in the immediate vicinity of the town, thus checking suburbs and urban sprawl. •While leaving the bulk of the city's architecture to other members of his team, Le Corbusier took responsibility for the overall master plan of the city, city, and the design of some of the major public publi c buildings including the High Court, Assembly, Secretariat, the Museum and Art Gallery, School of Art and the Lake Club. Le Corbusier 's most prominent building, the Court House, consists of the High court, which is literally higher than the other, other, eight lower courts. Most of
Open hand •Open hand in Chandigarh, India is one
of the most significant monuments of the city. •The credit for laying down its plan goes
to Le Corbusier. •It is located in sector 1 in the Capitol
Complex. •Chandigarh open hand monument has
been designed in the form of a giant hand made from metal sheets that rotates like a weathercock, indicating the direction of wind. •This giant hand is 14 metres high and
weighs around 50 tonnes. •The significance of open hand is that it
conveys the social message of peace
chandigarh
Corbusier’s
works
t a i r a t e r c e s
palace assembly
m u e s u m
high court
high court
•This structure has a double roof, projecting over
the office block like a parasol or an inverted umbrella. • This magnificent outward sweep of the upper
roof is symbolic of protection & justice to the people. •The 3 vertical piers, rising 60 feet from the floor
and painted in bright colours from the grand entrance of the building facade. On the rear walls of the court rooms, hang the giant wooden tapestries.
secretariat •The Secretariat is the largest of these edifices in the Capitol Complex. It is the headquarter of both Punjab and Haryana governments. • It is a huge multi-storied linear slab-like structure, intended as a work place for 4000 people. • The building is 254 meters long and 42 meters high. It is composed of 8 storeys. •The long line of rhythmic sun breakers is relieved by introducing varied heights and projections, together with a roof containing towers, funnels, pavilions and a cafeteria jutting out like an art object placed on a pedestal Corbusier, this basically •. In the hands of Corbusier, repetitive framework has been shaped into a work of art. •Built during 1953-59, it is shaped like an eight - storey concrete slab, with its distinctive brise-soleil ( louvered screen ) of deeply sculptured two-storey porticos in the centre,
high court
• Access Access to the upper floors is
through a ramp sheltered by a portico. •The gradual climb reveals the
vast expanse and the coloured concrete volumes of the bldg. The rooms are shielded by the
assembly hall •The most majestic entrance to
the assembly is reflected in a large pool of water. •The main entrance is fitted with
a door made of enamel steel ,a gift from France to Punjab on which many of Corbusier‘s motifs are depicted. •The circular auditorium is
crowned by a frustum which is said to depict the horn of a cow cow..
UNITE D’HABITATION
ARCHITECT: LE CORBUSIER ARCHITECT: LOCATION: LOCA TION: MARSEILLES, MARSEILL ES, FRAN YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION: 1946-1952 BUILDING TYPE: MUL MULTIFAMIL TIFAMILY Y HO CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL: CONCRETE
•Le Corbusier‗ s most influential late work
was his first significant postwar structure—the UnitÈ d'Habitation in Marseilles of 1947-52. •The giant, twelve-story apartment block
for 1.600 people is the late modern counterpart of the mass housing schemes of the 1920s, similarly built to alleviate a severe postwar housing shortage. • structurally it is simple: a rectilinear ferroconcrete grid, into which are slotted pre cast individual apartment units, like 'bottles into a wine rack' as the architect put it. •Through ingenious planning, twenty-three different apartment configurations were provided to accommodate single persons and families as large as ten, nearly all with
•Inside, corridors run through the centre of the long
axis of every third floor of the building, with each apartment lying on two levels, and stretching from one side of the building to the other, with a balcony. balcony. •In the block's planning, the architect drew on his studies of early Soviet Communal houses such as the Narkomfin Building. • Appropriately, Appropriately, unlike many of the inferior systembuilt blocks it inspired, which lack the original's generous proportions, communal facilities and parkland setting, the Unité is popular with its residents and is now mainly occupied by middleclass professionals. •The building is constructed in béton brut (roughcast concrete), as the hoped-for steel frame proved too expensive in light of post-War shortages. shortages. •The replacement material influenced the Brutalist movement, and the building inspired several
•The Unité d'Habitation , literally,
"Housing Unity" or "Housing Unit) is the name of a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier (with the collaboration of painter-architect NadirAfonso). •Probably his most famous work, it proved enormously influential and is often cited as the initial inspiration of the Brutalist architectural style and philosophy. philosophy. •The Marseille building comprises 337 apartments arranged over twelve stories, all suspended on large piloti . •The building also incorporates shops, sporting, medical and educational facilities, and a hotel. •The flat roof is designed as a communal terrace with sculptural ventilation stacks
PLAN, SECTIONS & ELEVATION OF UNITE D’HABITATION
FURNITURE DESIGN BY LE CORBUSIER
Le Corbusier began experimenting with furniture design in 1928 after inviting the
AN ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT BY BY::
M.JYOTHIRMAYEE KRANTHI P.PRIYADARSHINI M.REVATHI K.SUMATHI P.SURYAPRABHA
