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Descrição: Dragão
Flow Impro Impro ver Solut Solut ions
Heavvy y Oil rag Red Re A g en t (DR (DRA ): Oi l D Drag Red u c i n g Ag A): Inc ncrea reasi sing ng Piipe peline peli ne Deli liveri verie ip el ine in e De l ive iv erie ri es of H eav y Crud Cru d e Oi l Hea He
Laura Tho Thomas mas – CSPI Sa Sales Le L ead, Americas Ameri cas Tim Bur Burden den – Senio niorr Engi ngine nee er, CS CSPI Te Techn chnolo ology gy ConocoPhillips Specia pecialty lty Produc roducts ts Inc.
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Drag Reduction Mechanism w/DRA Laminar Sublayer Buffer Region
Turbulent Core Diminished turbulent burs ts
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
DRA ’ s (Traditional) Light/Moderate Crude Oil
• • •
Low viscosity
High viscosity
Heavy Crude Oil
• • •
High Turbulence Excellent performance
Low turbulence Poor or no performance
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
The Key to Performance: Interaction between the DRA polymer and the crude oil
Base Capacity: 94,000 BPD avg. Source: World Energy Atlas 2007 Edition
LP™ 300 Flow Improver: 103,000 BPD (in Apiay batches only)
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Apiay-El Porvenir pipeline samples were evaluated for interaction in the lab.
Crude Oil Sample
LiquidPower™ Flow Improver Compatibility
ExtremePower™ Flow Improver Compatibility
API Gravity
West Texas Intermediate
High
Moderate
41.6
West Texas Sour
High
Moderate
31.6
Basrah
High
Moderate
31.0
Corocoro
None
High
25.1
Albian
None
High
22.4
Marlim Blend
High
High
22.2
Maya
None
High
21.9
Bow River
None
High
21.8
Apiay
Moderate
Moderate
21.8
WCS (Western Canadian Select)
None
High
20.9
Castilla
None
High
18.0
Merey
None
High
16.0
SJVH (San Joaquin Valley Heavy)
None
High
13.0
Petrozuata
None
High
9.1
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Pipeline Regime Profile With Castilla blend turbulent
4500
transition
laminar
350
4000
) t
300 S
r e 3500 b m u 3000 N s d l 2500 o n y e 2000 R
c ( y t i 250 s o c s i V 200 e n i l e p i 150 P
1500 45°C
1000
Ap iay pump station
29°C
100
Monterrey pump station
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Pipeline Model – Capacity Trend with Batch Cycle 130 ) y a d / s l b b K ( y t i c a p a C g n i w o l F
125
118,000 bpd avg.
120 115 110 105 100
94,000 bp d avg.
95 90 85 80
Start pumping Castilla Start pumping Apiay
Start pumping Castilla Start pumping Apiay
Barrels pumped
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Field Test Results October, 2007
Pipeline System Condition
Baseline
ExtremePower™
LP™ 300
Model
Result
(Thousands of BPD)
DRA Dosage (ppmv )
DRA Dosage (ppmv )
(Thousands of BPD)
(Thousands of BPD)
Percent Flow Increase
107
110.4
21.0
118.0
121.0
29.3
Test Pipeline Operations – ExtremePower™ injected into Castilla Blend 100% Castilla Blend
91.2
ExtremePower™ injection
70
Normal Pipeline Operation – ExtremePower™ injected into each crude
Performance exceeded model
65% Castilla Blend/35 % Apiay ExtremePower™ injection in each crude
68
Normal Pipeline Operation – ExtremePower™ injected into Castilla, LP™ 300 injected into Apiay 65% Castilla Blend/35 % Apiay
Achieved 2632% throughput over baseline operation
93.6
93.6
LP™ 300 in Apaiy
40
*
103.0
10.0
Combination injection 1
47
47
113.0
118.0
26.0
Combination injection 2
75
75
118.0
123.4
31.8
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Refinery Impact Testing Desalter Testing • Tested at 40 ppm to 300 ppm • No negative impact on dewatering rates
Wastewater Quality • Lab – Oil & Grease levels did not increase • Refinery – COD and Oil & Grease values unchanged during testing
Distillation Products • WCS crude oil distilled Gasoline, Jet Fuel, Diesel cuts • Refinery lab testing showed no difference in quality of product cuts from treated versus untreated oil
Thermal Decomposition • 700 °F thermal degradation • No organic acids; all decomposition products benign
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Summary New DRA, ExtremePower ™ Flow Improver developed • Strong interaction with heavy crude oil (<23 °API) • Performs in transition flow (NRE 2100+) Successful field trial and application with Ecopetrol • 50 ppmv ~25% flow increase No refinery impact observed from lab testing and field application.
Flow Impro ver Solut ions
Acknowledgements CSPI would like to thank both Ecopetrol and Delrio for partnering with us on the flow improver test, working with us through the test protocol development, injecting ExtremePower™ Flow Improver into the pipeline and allowing CSPI to share the results of the test and field application.
