Handbook FibeAir IP-20G Basic Training Course 7.7 Ver2

COURSE HANDBOOK Installation | Commissioning | System Configuration

IP-20G Basic Training Course Updated for SW Version 7.7

Visit our Customer Training Portal at training.ceragon.com or contact us at [email protected] Trainee Name:

_________________

Copyright 2012 Ceragon Networks Ltd.

www.ceragon.com

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FibeAir IP‐20G Ceragon Training Course Table of Content Intro to Radio Systems …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

005

Introduction to Ethernet ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

029

IP‐20G Overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

041

Installation Guide……………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….

053

First Login…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

079

ACM & MSE….…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………….

085

Radio Link Parameters…………..……………………………………………………………………………………………

097

Automatic Transmit Power Control ATPC……………………………………….…………………………………….

103

Service Model in IP‐20G………………………….………………………………………………………………………….

109

Licensing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

133

Native TDM …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

143

Configuration Management & Software Download……………………………………………………………

151

Troubleshooting…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

163

Course Evaluation Form……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

177

CERAGON TRAINING PROGRAM – IP‐20G Basic Training Course

Sw 7.7


Introduction to Radio Systems

May 2014 Version 1

Agenda • Radio Relay Principles • Parameters affecting propagations: • Dispersion • Humidity/gas absorption • Multipath/ducting • Atmospheric conditions (refraction) • Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction) • Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature) • Rain attenuation

• Modulation

Proprietary and Confidential

2

Page 5

Digital Transmission Systems


3

Radio Relay Principles f1 RF Signal f1’

Path Terrain

•

A Radio Link requires two end stations

•

A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required

•

Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz


4

Page 6

High and Low frequency station Tx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Full duplex

Local site High station

Remote site Low station

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz

Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’) Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)


5

Standard frequency plan patterns Only Low stations can interfere High stations

Frequency reuse: Low 1,3V 1,3H Tx

High

Low

1,3V

Tx

Tx

1,3H

High Tx

1,3H

Tx

Reduced risk for overshoot

Frequency shift: 1,3H

Tx

1,3V

Tx

2,4V

Tx

2,4H Tx

Reduced risk for overshoot

Tx

Tx

1,3H

Tx in upper part of band Tx in lower part of band


6

Page 7

Tx

Preferred site location structure


7

Radio Principal Block Diagram

Input signal

Z' Digital Line interface

E' Modulator

A'

B'

Transmitter

RF Tx Filter

Branching Network(*)

C'

D'

Feeder

TRANSMITTER PATH

D

C

Feeder

Branching Network(*)

B

RF Rx Filter

A

Z

E Receiver

Demodulator

RECEIVER PATH

8


Page 8

Digital Line interface

Output signal

RF Principals • RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves (EMW) propagated through space • EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s) • The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -

Wave Length 

c f

where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)

• Microwave – refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically relates to frequencies above 1GHz:  300 MHz ~ 1 meter  10 GHz ~ 3 cm

9


RF Principals • We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude using this animation

10


Page 9

Radio Spectrum

11


Parameters Affecting Propagation

12

Page 10

Parameters Affecting Propagation • Dispersion • Humidity/gas absorption • Multipath/ducting • Atmospheric conditions (refraction) • Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction) • Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature) • Rain attenuation

13


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Dispersion • Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths) have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:

• Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less • High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more

14


Page 11

Parameters Affecting Propagation Atmospheric Refraction • Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical characteristics of the atmosphere’s is called Dielectric Constant. • The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature & humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease with altitude • Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend downwards, following the curve of earth

With Atmosphere

No Atmosphere 15


Wave in atmosphere


16

Page 12

Parameters Affecting Propagation – Multipath • Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver with different amplitude or phase • Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies

Direct beam

Delayed beam

17


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Duct •

Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:

•

Remain within the duct

•

Follow the curvature of the Earth

•

Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not present

Duct Layer

Duct Layer Terrain

18


Page 13

Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and Rain • Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters mean diameter (above that they tend to break up)

• Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical. • • • •

As a raindrop increases in size, its shape becomes more oblate, with its largest cross-section facing the oncoming airflow.

Large rain drops become Increasingly flattened on the Bottom; very large ones are shaped like parachutes

19


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading • Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice • Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz • Signal quality degrades • Represented by “dB/km” parameter which is related the rain density which represented “mm/hr” • Rain drops falls as flattened droplet

 V better than H (more immune to rain fading)

20


Page 14

Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading

Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten. Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation

21


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone 3rd 2nd 1st

TX

RX

1. EMW propagate in beams 2. Some beams widen – therefore, their path is longer 3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect beam 4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created

Duct Layer0

Terrain 22


Page 15

Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone • • • •

Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees out of phase…in the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phase…in 3rd zone, they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on… Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive. When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are kept free of obstructions. In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel zone should be kept free.

23


Example: First condition


24

Page 16

RF Link Basic Components – Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)

25


RSSI Curve for RFU-C

1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm

-60dbm


26

Page 17

-90dBm

Main Parabolic Antenna Types • • • • • • • • • •

Standard performance antennas (SP,LP) Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is not normally possible due to poor front to back ratio. High performance antennas (HP) Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using frequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems. High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX) Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems. Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX) Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems. Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX) Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.


27

Passive Repeaters

Plane reflector

Back-to-back antennas


28

Page 18

Link Calculation – Basic Example (in vacuum) Lfs TSL

Lfsl

Ga

Ga

RSL

RSL ‐ Received Signal Level TSL – Transmitted Signal Level Lfsl ‐ Free‐space loss = 92.45 + 20 log x(distance in km x frequency in GHz)

RSL

Ga – Antenna gain

RSL=TSL+Ga‐Lfsl+Ga


29

Atmospheric attenuation Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz

Aa   a  d

[dB]

Parameters in a:    

Frequency Temperature Air pressure Water vapour


30

Page 19

Objective examples •

Typical objectives used in real systems

• 99.999% • •

Month: 25.9 sec Year: 5 min 12 sec

• 99.995 % • •

Month: 2 min 10 sec Year: 26 min

• 99.99% • •

Month: 260 sec Year: 51 min

• •

Performance requirements generally higher than Availability. ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability


31

Modulation

32

Page 20

Modulation Modulation

Analog Modulation

Digital Modulation

AM - Amplitude modulation FM - Frequency modulation PM – Phase modulation

ASK – Amplitude Shift Keying FSK – Frequency Shift Keying PSK – Phase Shift Keying QAM – Quadrature Amplitude modulation


33

Digital modulation 1 1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

1

0

ASK

Modem

0 1

1 1

0

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

modulation changes the amplitude to the analog signale.”1” and “ 0” have different amplitude.

0

0

PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmitted signal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .

Modem

1800 phase shift 1 1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

FSK modulation is a method of represent the two binary states ”1” and ”0” with different spcific frequencies.

Modem F1

F2

F1

F1 F2

F1

F1


34

Page 21

QAM Modulation • Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation (PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)

• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the number of modulation states used.

• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7) alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique modulation states • In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128 QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on 4QAM 2bits/symbol 8QAM 3bits/symbol 16QAM 4bits/symbol 32QAM 5bits/symbol 64QAM 6bits/symbol 128QAM 7bits/symbol

256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM 2048QAM

8bits/symbol 9bits/symbol 10bits/symbol 11bits/symbol


35

Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation? • This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly

• The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are reduced

• Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol • Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise


36

Page 22

Constellation diagram • In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may be selected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane. Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of interference and distortion in a signal.


37

8 QAM Modulation Example We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110 DIGITAL QAM (8QAM) Bit sequence

Amplitude

000

1

Phase (degrees) None

001

2

None

010

1

pi/2 (90°)

011

2

pi/2 (90°)

100

1

pi (180°)

101

2

pi (180°)

110

1

3pi/2 (270°)

111

2

3pi/2 (270°)

How does constellation diagram look?


38

Page 23

4QAM VS. 16QAM

16QAM

4QAM


39

2048 QAM


40

Page 24

Bandwidth vs. Modulation

2-PSK

4-PSK Modulation Complixity Increases

Bandwidth Decreases

8-PSK

16-QAM

64-QAM


41

Signal / Noise • Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator • Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors

BER<10-13

BER≈0

BER=10-6

BER=10-3

Signal

Noise

Signal S/N Noise


42

Page 25

Power

S/N

Power

Power

Noise

Power

Signal S/N

Signal S/N Noise

BER Impact on Transmission Quality 10 -3

10 -4

10 -5

BER change ratio vs. Noise is dependent on Noise Power distribution and coding

10 -6

10 -7

BER

10 -8 -75

-72 -69 Receiver inpu t level [dBm ]

-66


43

RSL Vs. Threshold RSL (dBm)

BER>10-6

-20 -30

Nominal Input Level

Fading Margin

-73

Threshold level BER=10-6

BER>10-6

S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz) Receiver amplifies thermal noise

-96 -99

Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)

K – Boltzmann constant T – Temperature in Kelvin B – Bandwidth

Time (s) Proprietary and Confidential

44

Page 26

Thank you

45

Page 27

Page 28

Introduction to Ethernet

November 2013 Version 1

Agenda • Local Area Network (LAN) • Network Devices • OSI Layers • Ethernet Frame • VLAN concept


2

Page 29

The Local Area Network (LAN)


3

Network Devices The various devices used to build a data communication network can be classified into type of equipment depending on how Ethernet packets are forwarded.

ROUTER

BRIDGE / SWITCH HUB


4

Page 30

Functions of OSI layers OSI model layers Application Presentation Session Transport

Type of communication: e-mail, file transfer, web browsing Encryption, data conversion: ASCII to EBCDIC, BCD to binary et.

Starts, stops sessions. Maintains order Ensure delivery of entire file or message

Network

Routes data to different LANs and WANs based on network addresses

Data Link

Transmits packets from node to node based on station address

Physical

Electrical signals and cabling (physical medium)


5

Protocols in OSI layers OSI model layers Application Presentation Session Transport

HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS, SNMP SSL, SFTP, IMAP, SSH, Jpeg, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, MIDI, mp3

VARIOUS API’S, SOCKETS TCP, UDP, ECN, SCTP, DCCP

Network

IP, IP Sec, ICMP, IGMP

Data Link

Ethernet, Token Ring, SLIP, PPP, FDDI

Physical

Coax, Fiber, Wireless


6

Page 31

Ethernet frame


7

OSI and TCP/IP model TCP/IP model

OSI model layers

OSI model layers Application Protocol

Application Presentation Application

Internet Layer 2,5 Network Interface

P SFD MAC EL VLAN MPLS IP

Presentation DATA

Session Protocol

Session Transport

Application

Presentation Protocol

Session TCP/UDP

DATA

Transport

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

Network

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

Layer 2,5

E L

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

FCS

Data Link

E L

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

FCS

Physical

20/40

20/8

Transport Network MPLS

Layer 2,5 Data Link

MAC

S‐VLAN

C-VLAN

MPLS

S‐VLAN

C-VLAN

MPLS

Physical

P

SFD

MAC

Size in bytes:

7

1

12

Preamble Start frame Delimiter = Destination + Source MAC Address Ether Length/Type Virtual local area network Multiprotocol Label Switching Internet protocol

4

TCP UDP FCS

4

4

2

Transmission control protocol User datagram protocol Frame check sequence


8

Page 32

4

46-1500

L2


9

L3


10

Page 33

L4 UDP Header

TCP Header


11

Inter-frame gap

Ethernet works in Layer 1, Layer 2 and “Layer 2,5”


12

Page 34

VLAN concept

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept • • • •

Imagine that you have a network and three different customer Customer 1 Customer 2 Customer 3

NETWORK


14

Page 35

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept

VLANs are created to provide the segmentation services traditionally provided by routers in LAN configurations The most common protocol used today in configuring virtual LANs is IEEE 802.1Q


15

OSI and TCP/IP model TCP/IP model

OSI model layers

OSI model layers Application Protocol

Application Presentation Application

Internet Layer 2,5 Network Interface

P SFD MAC EL VLAN MPLS IP

Presentation DATA

Session Protocol

Session Transport

Application

Presentation Protocol

Session TCP/UDP

DATA

Transport

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

Network

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

Layer 2,5

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

FCS

Data Link

IPv4/6

TCP/UDP

DATA

FCS

Physical

20/40

20/8

Transport Network MPLS

Layer 2,5 Data Link

MAC

S‐VLAN

C-VLAN

MPLS

E L

C-VLAN

MPLS

E L

Physical

P

SFD

MAC

S‐VLAN

Size in bytes:

7

1

12

4

Preamble Start frame Delimiter = Destination + Source MAC Address Ether Length/Type Virtual local area network Multiprotocol Label Switching Internet protocol

TCP UDP FCS

4

4

2

Transmission control protocol User datagram protocol Frame check sequence


16

Page 36

4

46-1500

Ethernet frame


17

Untagged Ethernet Frame

FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver

Preamble + SFD 8 Bytes

DA 6 Bytes

SA

Length / Type

6 Bytes

2 Bytes

DATA + PAD

FCS

46 - 1500 Bytes

4 Bytes (32-bit CRC)

Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes

Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)


18

Page 37

Tagged Ethernet Frame • Additional information is inserted • Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes

4 Bytes

Preamble + SFD

DA

SA

VLAN TAG

TPID = 0x8100

Length / Type

FCS

TCI

P‐TAG TPID = Tag protocol ID TCI = Tag Control Information CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator

DATA + PAD

3 Bit

CFI 1 Bit

VLAN ID 12 Bit


19

Tagging a Frame

VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4096: • 212 = 4096 • VID 0 = reserved • VID 4090-4096 = reserved (dedicated for IP-10’s internal purposes such as MNG etc.) • VID 1 = default

• After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated • CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)


20

Page 38

TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type… TPID in tagged frames in always set to 0x8100 It is important that you understand the meaning and usage of this parameter

Protocol type

Value

Tagged Frame

0x8100

ARP

0x0806

Q‐in‐Q (CISCO)

0x8100

Q‐in‐Q (other vendors)

0x88A8


0x9100


0x9200

RARP

0x8035

IP

0x0800

IPv6

0x86DD

PPPoE

0x8863/0x8864

MPLS

0x8847/0x8848

IS‐IS

0x8000

LACP

0x8809

802.1x

0x888E


21

Q-in-Q • Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted • Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes

Preamble + SFD

DA

TPID = 0x88A8

P‐TAG 3 Bit

SA

4 Bytes

4 Bytes

S ‐ VLAN

C ‐ VLAN

TCI

TPID = 0x8100

CFI VLAN ID 1 Bit

Length / Type

DATA + PAD

TCI

P‐TAG

CFI

VLAN ID

3 Bit

1 Bit

12 Bit

12 Bit Proprietary and Confidential

22

Page 39

FCS

Thank you

23

Page 40

IP-20G Overview

July 2014 Version 2

Agenda • FibeAir IP-20 Product Family • Network topology with IP-20G • IP-20G Introduction and Highlights • IP-20G Front Panel Description • IP-20G Block Diagram


2

Page 41

FibeAir IP-20 Product Family IP-20G

IP-20N 1RU & 2RU

IP-20S IP-20C

IP‐20 Platform IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A IP-20LH Proprietary and Confidential

3

FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011 Ethernet + Optional TDM

Ethernet Only

IP-10E

IP-10G

Terminal / Single-Carrier


IP-10C Compact All-Outdoor

IP-10Q Nodal

Nodal

Aggregation

Optimized for “Full GE” Multi-Carrier pipes Ultra-high density

Optimized Solution for Any Network Proprietary and Confidential

4

Page 42

FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20G) Ethernet + Optional TDM

Ethernet Only

IP-10E

IP-10G


IP-10C Compact All-Outdoor


IP-20G

IP-10Q Aggregation

Optimized for “Full GE” Multi-Carrier pipes Ultra-high density

Optimized Solution for Any Network Proprietary and Confidential

5

Network Topology Example (Tree)

C

C

1+0

1+1

C C 2+0

C

IP‐20N

C 1+1

C

C

IP‐20N

C C

1+0

IP‐20N

C

C 1+0

2+0

C

IP‐10G

1+0

2+0

C IP‐20N

C

IP‐20G

C

IP‐10G


6

Page 43

C

IP‐20G

IP-20G Introduction IP-20G hardware characteristics:

•

• • • • • • • •

6 x 1 GE interfaces total • 2 x dual mode GE electrical or cascading interfaces (RJ-45) • 2 x GE electrical interfaces (RJ-45) • 2x GE optical interfaces (SFP) Optional: 16 x E1 interfaces Single or dual radio interfaces (TNC) Single or dual power-feeds (-48v) Sync in/out interface Management interfaces • Terminal – RS232 (RJ-45) • 2x FE electrical interfaces (RJ-45) External alarms interface RFU-C support IP-20G maintains high capacity, with up to 1024QAM modulation in its first SW release (T7.7), and up to 2048QAM in future release


7

IP-20G Highlights • Optimized tail/edge solution supporting seamless integration of radio (L1) and end-to-end Carrier Ethernet transport/services (L2) functionality

• Rich packet processing feature set for support of engineered end-to-end Carrier Ethernet services with strict SLA

• Integrated support for multi-operator and converged backhaul business models, such as wholesale services and RAN-sharing

• Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency • High precision, flexible packet synchronization solution combining SyncE and 1588v2

• Best-in-class integrated TDM migration solution • Specifically built to support resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links, scaling to GE capacity

• Future-proof with maximal investment protection • Supports RFU-Ce for modulations up to 1024QAM. Proprietary and Confidential

8

Page 44

IP-20G Front Panel Description

9

FibeAir IP-20G – Front panel description Passive cooling (Fan-less design)

1RU

16 x E1/DS1s (optional) MDR69 connector

External Alarms (DB9) Sync in/out (RJ45)

2 x FE Management (RJ45)

2 x Dual-Mode:

GE Electrical or ‘Cascading’ (RJ45) Terminal (RJ45)

2 x GE Optical (SFP)

1 or 2 RFU interfaces (TNC)

Power -48V DC (Single-feed & Dual-feed options)

2 x GE Electrical (RJ45)

Purpose-built for tail/edge nodal sites Same features/capabilities as IP-20A Aggregation Nodes Proprietary and Confidential

10

Page 45

SM- Card • The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SMCard is embedded in the SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card Cover is necessary to ensure that the unit’s software and configuration is maintained.


11

Ethernet Management Interface IP-20G •

FibeAir IP-20G contains two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physical connector on the front panel (MGMT).

•

If the user only needs to use a single management interface, a standard Cat5 RJ-45 cable (straight or cross) can be connected to the MGMT interface. To access both management interfaces, a special 2 x FE splitter cable can be ordered from Ceragon.

•

•

Port Status LED – The LED for management interface 1 is located on the upper left of the MGMT interface. The LED for management interface 2 is located on the upper right of the MGMT interface. Proprietary and Confidential

12

Page 46

DS1 - Interface • • • • •

Optionally, FibeAir IP-20G can be ordered with an MDR69 connector in which 16 DS1 interfaces are available (ports 1 through 16). In SW 7.7. is E1 option only available The DS1 interface has the following LEDs ACT LED – Indicates whether the TDM card is working properly (Green) or if there is an error or a problem with the card’s functionality (Red). E1/DS1 LED – Indicates whether the interfaces are enabled with no alarms (Green), with alarms (Red), or no interfaces enabled (Off).


13

Radio Interfaces • • • • • •

In 7.7 is supported only single radio carrier. In 7.7.5 will be supported 2x 1+0 East / West Terminal In future software release will be available 2+0 ABC In 7.7 is supported only RFU-C (up to 256QAM) and RFU-Ce (up to 1024 QAM) RFU-HP, 1500HP, RFU-A support is planned for future software releases The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (100 m/300 ft), Belden 9914/RG-8 (300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector (male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the IDU.

RFU-C / RFU-Ce

1500HP

RFU-A Proprietary and Confidential

14

Page 47

Radio Interfaces - LEDs •

•

•

ACT – Indicates whether the interface is working properly (Green) or if there is an error or a problem with the interface’s functionality (Red), as follows: • Off – The radio is disabled. • Green – The radio is active and operating normally. • Blinking Green – The radio is operating normally and is in standby mode. • Red – There is a hardware failure. • Blinking Red – Troubleshooting mode. LINK – Indicates the status of the radio link, as follows: • Green – The radio link is operational. • Red – There is an LOF or Excessive BER alarm on the radio. • Blinking Green – An IF loopback is activated, and the result is OK. • Blinking Red – An IF loopback is activated, and the result is Failed. RFU – Indicates the status of the RFU, as follows: • Green – The RFU is functioning normally. • Yellow – A minor RFU alarm or a warning is present, or the RFU is in TX mute mode, or, in a protected configuration, the RFU is in standby mode. • Red – A cable is disconnected, or a major or critical RFU alarm is present. • Blinking Green – An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is OK. • Blinking Red – An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is Failed.


15

Power Interfaces

•

FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two power interfaces (the second power interface is optional for power redundancy).

•

The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage and includes reverse polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the system remains shut down.

•

The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes above the allowed range.

• •

There is an ACT LED for each power interface. The LED is Green when the voltage being fed to the power interface is within range, and Red if the voltage is not within range or if a power cable is not connected.


16

Page 48

Synchronization Interface •

FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 synchronization interface for T3 clock input and T4 clock output. The interface is labeled SYNC.

•

The synchronization interface contains two LEDs, one on the upper left of the interface and one on the upper right of the interface, as follows:

•

T3 Status LED – Located on the upper left of the interface. Indicates the status of T3 input clock, as follows: Off – There is no T3 input clock, or the input is illegal. Green – There is legal T3 input clock.

• • • • • •

T4 Status LED – Located on the upper right of the interface. Indicates the status of T4 output clock, as follows: Off – T4 output clock is not available. Green – T4 output clock is available. Blinking Green – The clock unit is in a holdover state.


17

External Alarms •

IP-20G includes a DB9 dry contact external alarms interface. The external alarms interface supports five input alarms and a single output alarm.

•

The input alarms are configurable according to: • 1 Intermediate • 2 Critical • 3 Major • 4 Minor • 5 Warning

•

The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories.


18

Page 49

Terminal Interface • FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 terminal interface (RS-232). A local craft terminal can be connected to the terminal interface for local CLI management of the unit.

• • • • •

Bits per Second – 115,200 Data Bits – 8 Parity – None Stop Bits – 1 Flow Control - None


19

IP-20G Block Diagram


20

Page 50

Thank You

21

Page 51

Page 52

IP-20G Installation Guide

May 2014 Version 1

Agenda • Electromagnetic Fields, ESD and Laser Protection • General Requirements for Packing and Transportation and Environment

• IP-20G Rack Installation

• • • •

• Rack Installation • Grounding the IP-20G • Replacing SM-Card • Power Cable • Mechanical Specifications Earth Bonding of Equipment IP-20G to RFU-C connection Antenna Installation RFU-C Installation


2

Page 53

High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields! • Exposure to strong high frequency electromagnetic fields may cause

thermal damage to personnel. The eye (cornea and lens) is easily exposed.

• Any unnecessary exposure is undesirable and should be avoided. • In radio-relay communication installations, ordinary setup for normal

operation, the general RF radiation level will be well below the safety limit.

• In the antennas and directly in front of them the RF intensity normally will exceed the danger level, within limited portions of space.

• Dangerous radiation may be found in the neighborhood of open waveguide flanges or horns where the power is radiated into space.

• To avoid dangerous radiation the following precautions must be taken: • During work within and close to the front of the antenna; make sure that transmitters will remain turned off. • Before opening coaxial - or waveguide connectors carrying RF power, turn off transmitters. • Consider any incidentally open RF connector as carrying power, until otherwise proved. Do not look into coaxial connectors at closer than reading distance (1 foot). Do not look into an open waveguide unless you are absolutely sure that the power is turned off.


3

ESD & LASER • ESD • This equipment contains components which are sensitive to "ESD" (Electro • • • • •

Static Discharge). Therefore, ESD protection measures must be observed when touching the IDU. Anyone responsible for the installation or maintenance of the FibeAir IDU must use an ESD Wrist Strap. Additional precautions include personnel grounding, grounding of work bench, grounding of tools and instruments as well as transport and storage in special antistatic bags and boxes. LASER Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure. The optical interface must only be serviced by qualified personnel, who are aware of the hazards involved to repair laser products.


4

Page 54

General Requirements

Transportation & Inspection •

The equipment cases are prepared for shipment by air, truck, railway and sea, suitable for handling by forklift trucks and slings. The cargo must be kept dry during transport and storage.

•

It is recommended that the equipment be transported to the installation site in its original packing case.

•

If intermediate storage is required, the packed equipment must be stored in a dry and cool environment, and out of direct sunlight, in accordance with ETS 300 0191-1, Class 1.2.

•

Check the packing lists and verify that the correct equipment part numbers and quantities are in the delivered packages.


6

Page 55

Packing & Transportation The equipment is packed at the factory, and sealed moisture-absorbing bags are inserted. The equipment is prepared for public transportation. The cargo must be kept dry during transportation. Keep items in their original boxes till they reach their final destination. If intermediate storage is required, the packed equipment must be stored in dry and cool conditions and out of direct sunlight When unpacking – Check the packing lists, and ensure that the correct part numbers and quantities of components arrived.


7

General Requirements 1. Environmental specification for IDU: -5C (23F) to +55C (131F) 2. Environmental specification for RFU: -33C (-27F) to +55C (131F) high reliability 3. -45C (-49F) to +60C (140F) with limited margins 4. Cold startup requires at least -5C (23F) 5. Humidity: 5%RH to 95%RH for IP-20G 6. Humidity: 5%RH to 100%RH for RFU-C 7. IDU standard Input is -48VDC (-40 to -60VDC) 8. This equipment is designed to permit connection between the earthed conductor of the DC supply circuit and the Earthing conductor at the equipment. 9. The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded supply system 10. The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the equipment 11. A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit between the DC supply source and the frame/grounded circuit connection. 8

8


Page 56

IP-20G Rack Installation

Installing the IP-20G IDU

Kits required to perform the installation: • IP-20G chassis • 19” rack/ sub rack • SM-Card Cover

1x 1x 1x

Tools: Philips screwdriver Flat screwdriver Proprietary and Confidential

10

Page 57

Rack Installation • Insert and hold the IP-20G IDU in the rack, as shown in the following figures. Use four screws (not supplied with the installation kit) to fasten the IDU to the rack.


11

Grounding the IP-20G • Connect a grounding wire first to the single-point stud shown in the figure below, and then to the rack, using a single screw and two washers.

• The grounding wire must be 16 AWG or thicker


12

Page 58

Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card •

If you should need to replace the IP-20G IDU, you must first remove the SM-Card Cover so that you can insert it into the new IDU. • The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-Card is embedded in the SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card Cover is necessary to ensure that the unit’s software and configuration is maintained. • In some cases, you may need to replace the SM-Card itself in order to upgrade the unit’s configuration. To remove the SM-Card Cover: 1. Loosen the screws of the SM-Card Cover and remove it from the IDU.


13

Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card 2. In the new IDU or, if you are upgrading the SM-Card, the old IDU, make sure that there is no foreign matter blocking the sockets in the opening where the SM-Card is installed.

3. Gently place the SM-Card Cover in its place and tighten the screws, using a Phillips screwdriver.


14

Page 59

Power Requirements When selecting a power source, the following must be considered:

15

•

DC power can be from -40 VDC to -60 VDC.

•

Installation Codes: The equipment must be installed according to country national electrical codes. For North America, equipment must be installed in accordance to the US National Electrical Code, Articles 110-16, 110-17 and 110-18, and the Canadian Electrical Code, Section 12.

•

Overcurrent Protection: A readily accessible listed branch circuit overcurrent protective device, rated 15 A, must be incorporated in the building wiring.

•

Grounded Supply System: The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded supply system. All equipment in the immediate vicinity shall be grounded the same way, and shall not be grounded elsewhere.

•

Local Supply System: The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the equipment.

•

Disconnect Device: A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit between the DC supply source and the frame/grounded circuit connection. Proprietary and Confidential

15

Power Interface •

FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two power interfaces (the second power interface is optional for power redundancy). The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage and includes reverse polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the system remains shutdown. The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes above the allowed range. Make sure to use a circuit breaker to protect the circuit from damage by short or overload. In a building installation, the circuit breaker shall be readily accessible and incorporated external to the equipment. The maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 10 Amp, while the maximum current rating is 5 Amp.

• •


16

Page 60

Power Cable

17


Power cables


18

Page 61

Mechanical Specifications


19

Earth Bonding of Equipment

Copyright © 2009 – 2013 Nera Networks AS All rights reserved.

I-79113-EN rev. A

Page 62

Typical Earthing Network Note 1: Structure or cable riser directly connected to Station Earth Network. Note 2: Main Earth Bar in equipment room, connected to Station Earth Network. Note 3: Earth Bus Bar/Cable connected to main earth bar. Note 4: Coax Signal Cable. Note 5: Over voltage protection integrated in units.

Note 1


21

Feeder - Earthing Kit (pos.1) Ceragon Networks provides one Earthing kit per feeder as standard Earthing Kit staggered to ensure smooth, uniform jumper transition to point of bonding.

There are three logical positions where a Waveguide/Feeder Earthing Kit should be installed: 1.

Highest priority is at the bottom of the vertical feeder run, on the straight section just above the bend where it transitions from vertical to horizontal.

Custom Earthing Kit supplied from the Feeder Manufacturer – use only kit that are compatible.

2.

Jumper Leads from the kit should be bonded to the Tower Structure: - directly (bolted connection) - via a earth termination plate (if provided) - stainless steel angle adaptor (ANDREW) Earth Kit on the feeder should be positioned so that each jumper lead has a uniform smooth transition down to the point of bonding – this may mean staggering their position as shown here.

Never intermix components from different Manufacturers.

3.

4.

It is preferred that each jumper is bonded separately.

Jumper lead between Earthing Kit and buried earth radial bonded to base of the Tower Leg. Recommended 70mm² PVC Coated Conductor

SEE NEXT TWO SLIDES


22

Page 63

Feeder - Earthing Kit (pos.2) Second line of defence The second position in order of priority is just before the waveguide/feeder enters the shelter through the wall plate. 1.

Earth Termination Plate

Again it is important that the jumper lead forms a smooth transition downwards to earth. In this case the bonding point is on the earth termination plate mounted below the cable bridge.

2.

It is preferred that each jumper is bonded separately. Earth Termination Plate usually have multiple bonding holes predrilled.

3.

To shape each conductor correctly begin at the earth termination plate and form the cable to the best transition back to the feeder. From there you will establish the location to fit the earth kit. Treat each earthing kit separately.

Common Errors Fitting or, finding the Earth Termination Plate too high on the shelter wall often prevent achieving the required earth jumper transition.

Earth Kit

Jumper lead between Earthing Kit and Earth Termination Plate outside shelter. Recommended 70mm² PVC Coated Conductor or 3mm x 25mm Copper Tape. Conductor / Tape should be run out to the Buried earth loop at a depth of 600mm.


23

Feeder - Earthing Kit (pos.3) The third position in order of priority is at the antenna position. Here, the Earthing Kit is fitted on the vertical straight section of feeder just after the transition from horizontal to vertical. 1.

Once again it is important that the jumper lead forms a smooth transition downwards to earth. It is usual to use the tower structure itself as the main down conductor.

2.

To shape each conductor correctly begin at the bonding point and form the cable to the best transition back to the feeder. From there you will establish the best position to fit the earth kit to the feeder. Treat each earthing kit separately.

3.

If using a Stainless Steel Angle Adaptor – this will provide flexibility to establishing a bonding point on the tower – the Angle Adaptor does not require you to find or drill a hole in any structural members.

The tower structure or climbing ladder are both commonly used for bonding the earth jumper. Angle Adaptors are the most convenient bonding method as this avoids finding or drilling holes at height in the tower.

Additional Earthing Kit: If a customer specifies additional earthing kit to be fitted, these would normally be positioned between the two kit installed at the top and bottom of the feeder.


24

Page 64

ODU Earthing EACH ODU IS SEPARATELY EARTHED – DO NOT JUMPER BETWEEN ODU

1. SMOOTH JUMPER TRANSITION 2. SHORTEN THE JUMPER IF TOO LONG 3. SUPPORT EARTH JUMPER WHERE NEEDED

4. BOND TO TOWER STRUCTURE. CLAMP TYPE DEPENDENT ON TOWER MEMBER PROFILE

RSSI

N-Type to IDU connection

EARTH TERMINAL


25

Applying the same principles to all cables

With All Cable Installations Avoid leaving coils along feeder cables Avoid – kinking the cable Avoid – cable loopbacks


26

Page 65

Weatherproofing • Each Earthing Kit should be protected with a waterproof weather seal • If the weather seals are not provided as part of the main Earthing Kit, they must be ordered

• Each kit is provided with an installation instruction (or, Bulletin) • Always follow the advice given in the instruction to achieve the best possible installation


27

ODU to IDU connection

Page 66

IP-20G to RFU-C connection The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz. TNC N-type female

N-type male

TNC male

TNC females Proprietary and Confidential

29

N-type connector installation http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=cAV_xhP3FNA

http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=Mo9LwdHe39M


30

Page 67

TNC connector installation instructions http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=XfA0JVR JSxU


31

Protecting the IF Connector for Split Mount Make sure the vulcanized tape and PVC tape overwrap extends right up to the ODU casing and is hand moulded around the connector to form a water tight joint

Fit a small cable tie at the top and bottom of the weather kit to prevent the PVC tape over wrap from loosening

Also is possible to use cold shrink medium instead of tapes

Self sealing vulcanized tape weather kit should be applied to the connector at the ODU to make it fully water tight.

The vulcanized tape must be overwrapped with PVC tape tied off at the top and bottom with cable ties.

Failure to follow every detail of the installation instructions will result with water damage to the connector and cable


32

Page 68

Cable Clamping IF Cable

Tower Cross Member

Avoid this method which is less secure and will cause unsightly bending of the cable

When securing cables with cable ties the method shown here can normally be achieved using a single tie. This method will keep the cable straight and provide the best support


33

Cable Installation and Grounding • For optical cables no grounding is required • For Ethernet cables, the cable should be grounded to the antenna tower every 50m using the kit CAT5E_gnd_kit.

• Procedure – see installation Guide


34

Page 69

Antenna Installation

RSSI Curve

1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm 36


Page 70

-60dbm

-90dBm

Antenna Panning - Azimuth Important to establish which are the side lobes and what is the main beam Position can be marked onto the column or interface using a felt tipped pen

Receiving Antenna

SIDE LOBE

AZIMUTH

Always Pan antenna beyond each side lobe MAIN BEAM

SIDE LOBE

For Azimuth panning it is important to establish the strongest possible signal – but remember, further improvement should be expected once elevation adjustment is carried out

37


Antenna Panning - Elevation Determine from available data if the antenna direction of shoot is above or below horizontal to ensure the elevation is adjusted in the correct direction With the main beam having already been established it is not necessary to find the side lobes again

Receiving Antenna

Once the best signal strength has been found using elevation – minor azimuth panning can often improve the signal strength further

SIDE LOBE

ELEVATION

HORIZONTAL

MAIN BEAM

Note:

SIDE LOBE

It should not always be expected to establish the strongest receive signal at first attempt to align an antenna Antenna may need to be panned several times before the optimum signal strength is established 38


Page 71

Dual Polarized Antenna connection To fit the Duel Polarized Waveguide Interface Note: There may be some variation in of the Duel Polarized Waveguide Interface always refer to the installation Bulletin before attempting to install this unit

Remove the two Waveguide Interface securing screws. Replace the Waveguide Interface with the Dual Polarized Waveguide Interface. Secure the Dual Polarized Waveguide Interface to the antenna by means of two screws M8. Remount the two Waveguide Interface securing screws. 39


Dual Polarized Antenna connection DUEL POLARIZED FEEDHORN

WAVEGUIDE

V

H

Waveguide ports on feedhorn clearly marked to show polarization

40


Page 72

RFU-C Installation

RFU-C waveguide flanges


42

Page 73

RFU-C direct mount configurations

1+0 direct


43

RFU-C and Antenna Interface Direct Mount Polarization


44

Page 74

RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+0 remote


45

RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations 1+1 direct


46

Page 75

RFU-C 1+1 Coupler Direct Mount Polarization Vertical Polarization

Horizontal Polarization


47

RFU-C remote mount configurations 1+1 remote


48

Page 76

Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation

Switch to the circular adaptor (removing the existing rectangular transition, swapping the O-ring, and replacing on the circular transition).


49

OMT Installation Example


50

Page 77

RFU-C Mediation devices losses


51

Thank you

52

Page 78

First login

Ceragon Training Services July, 2014 v2

Agenda

• CLI and Web login • General commands • Get IP address • Set IP address • Set to default


2

Page 79

Connecting to the Unit CLI

Web/Telnet

Baud rate = 115200 Bits per Second – 115,200 Data Bits – 8 Parity – None Stop Bits – 1 Flow Control - None

IP address = 192.168.1.1

Default Username/password is admin/admin Proprietary and Confidential

3

General commands

Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax

Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands

Question mark to list helpful commands


4

Page 80

Get IP address CLI Command: “platform management ip show ip-address”


5

Changing Management IP Address • CLI Command: “platform management ip set ipv4-address subnet gateway ”

• Example • Web expand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, set accordingly and click Apply button


6

Page 81

Set to default • CLI Command: “platform management set-to-default”

Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!


7

Other CLI commands • For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual • Open Index html file • Find out in Topics submenu required configuration


8

Page 82

Web Management

9

First Web login Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24

Default Username/password is admin/admin Proprietary and Confidential

10

Page 83

IP address settings

2

1


11

Thank You

Page 84

ACM – Adaptive Coding and Modulation MSE – Mean Square Error

Ceragon Training Services May 2014 version 1

Agenda

• Adaptive Coding and Modulation • Using MSE with ACM • What is MSE? • Link Commissioning with MSE • Triggering ACM with MSE


2

Page 85

Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) •

In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.

•

When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust

•

When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original

modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.

setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).

•

During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.

•

In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation

4QAM

8QAM 16QAM

32QAM

64QAM

128QAM

256QAM

512QAM

1024QAM SFEC

1024QAM LFEC

Low Priority Traffic

2048QACM

High Priority Traffic

state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.


3

Hitless and Errorless switching


4

Page 86

Using MSE with ACM

MSE - Definition MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated (expected) value and the true value of the quantity being estimated MSE measures the average of the squared errors: MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs from the quantity to be estimated. The difference occurs because of randomness or because the receiver does not account for information that could produce a more accurate estimated RSL


6

Page 87

To simplify….

Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert one part into the other Both devices must perfectly match Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many can fit in….


7

The Errors Histogram (Gaussian probability distribution function)

9

Quantity

Expected value

3

3

2

1

width 6mm

7mm

10mm

12mm

16mm

To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many parts differ from the expected value 9 parts were perfectly OK Proprietary and Confidential

8

Page 88

The difference from Expected value… Quantity

Error = 0 mm

Error = + 2 mm Error = - 3 mm Error = + 6 mm

Error = - 4 mm

width 6mm

7mm

10mm 12mm

16mm

To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure how much the errors differ from expected value Proprietary and Confidential

9

Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller differences Quantity

Error = 0 mm

+ 2 mm = 4 -3 mm = 9 + 6 mm = 36

- 4 mm = 16

width 6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm

16mm

We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences, resulting in a more powerful statistics tool: 16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away Proprietary and Confidential

10

Page 89

Calculating MSE Error = 0 mm

Quantity

+ 2 mm = 4 -3 mm = 9 - 4 mm = 16

+ 6 mm = 36 width

To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average: 16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13 The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes


11

Calculating MSE MSE determines how narrow / wide the “Bell” is Quantity

width 10mm When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer to perfect condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0 Proprietary and Confidential

12

Page 90

MSE in digital modulation (Radios) Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as an example:

Q 01

00

QPSK = 2 bits per symbol 2 possible states for I signal 2 possible states for Q signal

I

11

= 4 possible states for the combined signal The graph shows the expected values (constellation) of the received signal (RSL)

10


13

MSE in digital modulation (Radios) The black dots represent the expected values (constellation) of the received signal (RSL)

Q 01

00 The blue dots represent the actual RSL

I

11

10

As indicated in the previous example, we can say that the bigger the errors are – the harder it becomes for the receiver to detect & recover the transmitted signal


14

Page 91

MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

Q 01

00

MSE would be the average errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….

e1

e2

I e4

When MSE is very small the actual signal is very close to the expected signal

e3

11

10


15

MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

Q 01

00

When MSE is too big, the actual signal (amplitude & phase) is too far from the expected signal

e1

e2

I e4

11

e3

10


16

Page 92

Commissioning with MSE in EMS

When you commission your radio link, make sure your MSE is small Actual values may be read -34dB to -35dB Bigger values will result in loss of signal


17

MSE and ACM When the errors is too big, we need a stronger error correction mechanism (FEC) Therefore, we reduce the number of bits per symbol allocated for data and re-assign the extra bits for correction instead For example – 256QAM has great capacity but poor immune to noise 64QAM has less capacity but much better immune for noise ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation Proprietary and Confidential

18

Page 93

Triggering ACM with MSE When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required modulation per radio to maintain service MSE Down-Threshold

MSE Up-Threshold

8PSK

-16

-19

2

16QAM

-17

-23

3

32QAM

-21

-26

4

64QAM

-24

-29

5

128QAM

-27

-32

6

256QAM

-30

-34

7

512QAM

-32

-37

8

1024 QAM SFEC

-35

-38

9

1024 QAM WFEC

-36

-41

10

2048QAM

-39

Profile

Mod

0

QPSK

1

-18

Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9

The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative Proprietary and Confidential

19

ACM & MSE: An example… It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with respect to measured MSE. As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:

ACM Profile

Downgrade Downgrade

-41 -38 -37 -34

Profile 10

Profile 9

2048 QAM

-39

1024 QAM

Profile 8 1024 QAM

-36

Profile 7 512 QAM

-35

Profile 6 256 QAM

-32

Profile 5 128 QAM

-30

Profile 4 64 QAM

-27


20

Page 94

-24

Profile 3 32 QAM

MSE

-21

ACM & MSE: An Example When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves. When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to switch back to the higher profile).

ACM Profile

‐41

Profile 10

‐38

Profile 9

Profile 8

‐39 ‐36 ‐35 Proprietary and Confidential

21

Thank You

Page 95

MSE

Page 96

Radio Link Parameters

Ceragon Training Services July 2014 version 2

Agenda • MRMC • TX & RX Frequencies • Link ID • RSL • MSE • Current ACM Profile


2

Page 97

High and Low frequency station Tx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Full duplex

Local site High station

Remote site Low station Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’) Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)


3

Radio Link Parameters TSL

IDU

ODU

))

RSL

)

ODU

IDU

To Establish a radio link, we need configure following parameters: 1. MRMC – Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation) 2. TX / RX frequencies – set on every radio 3. Link ID – must be the same on both ends 4. Max. TSL – Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm] 5. Unmute Transceiver – Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters: 1. RSL – Received Signal Level [dBm] – nominal input level is required 2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB] 3. Current ACM profile


4

Page 98

MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding Profiles Modulation

RFU‐C with RMC‐A

RFU‐C Premium with RMC‐B

QPSK

Profile 0

Profile 0

8QAM

Profile 1

Profile 1

16QAM

Profile 2

Profile 2

32QAM

Profile 3

Profile 3

64QAM

Profile 4

Profile 4

128QAM

Profile 5

Profile 5

256QAM (strong FEC)

Profile 6

N/A

256QAM (weak FEC)

Profile 7

Profile 6

512QAM

N/A

Profile 7

1024QAM (Strong FEC)

N/A

Profile 8

1024QAM (Light FEC)

N/A

Profile9


5

MRMC Scripts – 1st steep

Changing script automatically resets modem inside IP‐20G Proprietary and Confidential

6

Page 99

Radio Parameters settings

2nd step

4th step 5th step 3th step Proprietary and Confidential

7

LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the same frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take. # 101 # 101

# 102 # 101 “Link ID Mismatch”


8

Page 100

“Link ID Mismatch”

LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID Otherwise, “Link ID Mismatch” alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window # 101 # 101

# 102 # 101 “Link ID Mismatch”


9

Questions?


10

Page 101

“Link ID Mismatch”

Radio Link Setup Exercise


11

Thank You

Page 102

Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC

July 2014, ver 2

Agenda • Why ATPC? • How does ATPC works? • ATPC Vs. MTPC • ATPC Configuration


2

Page 103

ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies significantly with time and environment. This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range, and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world. • Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter • Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image) Main Lobe Side Lobe


3

ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control 1. Enable ATPC on both sites 2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link) 3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte) 4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level 5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level 6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration

TSL Adjustments

ATPC module

Monitored RSL

Radio Transceiver

Radio

Radio Receiver

Radio Receiver

Feedback

Signal Quality Check

Site A


4

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‐

Ref. RSL

RSL required change

Site B

ATPC – Example when ATPC is OFF

Site A

FSL= -60 dB

Site B

MTPC

MTPC

TSL A = 30dBm RSL A = ?

TSL B = 30dBm RSL B = ?

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)

RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)


5

ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (One site ATPC, second site MTPC)

Site A

FSL= -60 dB

Site B

ATPC IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm

MTPC

TSL A = ? RSL A = ?

TSL B = 30dBm RSL B =?

TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)


RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL) You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A? Proprietary and Confidential

6

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ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)

Site A

FSL= -60 dB

Site B


ATPC IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm

TSL A = ? RSL A = ?

TSL B = ? RSL B = ?

TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB - FSL)

TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA-FSL)

RSL A = -50dBm (TSLB + FSL)



7

ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites), ATPC range Max TSL is 30dBm ATPC range is 20dB

Site A

Max TSL is 30dBm ATPC range is 20dB FSL= -60 dB

Site B


ATPC IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm

TSL A = ? RSL A = ?

TSL B = ? RSL B = ?

TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA - FSL)

RSL A = -50dBm (TSL B + FSL)


RSL B is -50dBm because typical ATPC range for TX level is 20dB (depend on RFU type)!!! It means that TSL A can’t be 0dBm because possible min is 10dBm (Max is 30dBm) Proprietary and Confidential

8

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ATPC Configuration


9

Thank You

10

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Page 108

Service Model in IP-20

Ceragon Training Services July 2014 version 2

Agenda • IP-20 Ethernet Capabilities • Service Model in General • •

What is a Service ? What is a Service point?

• Services in IP-20 Family & Services attributes 1. 2. 3.

Point to Point Service Multipoint Service Management Service

• Service Point in IP-20 Family 1. 2. 3. 4.

Pipe Service Point Service Access Point (SAP) Service Network Point (SNP) Management Service Point (MNG)

• Service Points classification and attributes • Examples for Services and Service points • Logical VS. Physical Port Proprietary and Confidential

2

Page 109

IP-20’s Ethernet Capabilities • Up to 1025 services (1025 reserved for Management) • Up to 32 service points per service (30 SPs for MNG service) • All service types:

• • • • •

• Multipoint (E-LAN) • Point-to-Point (E-Line) • Point-to-Multipoint (E-Tree) • Smart Pipe • Management 128K MAC learning table per service - ability to limit MAC learning per service Split horizon between service points Flexible transport and encapsulation via 802.1q, 802.1ad (Q-in-Q), and MPLS-TP, with tag manipulation possible at egress High precision, flexible frame synchronization solution combining SyncE and 1588v2 Hierarchical QoS with 8K service level queues, deep buffering, hierarchical scheduling via WFQ and Strict priority, and shaping at each level


3

IP-20’s Ethernet Capabilities • Hierarchical two-rate three-Color policers

• • •

• Port based – Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Ethertype • Service-based • CoS-based Up to four link aggregation groups (LAG) • Hashing based on L2, L3, MPLS, and L4 Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8032) for ring/mesh support IP-20 is fully MEF-9 and MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet services.


4

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Service model in General

5

What is a Service? • A virtual bridge, connecting two or more interfaces • Bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments within one logical network

• Interfaces are usually referred to physical ports but can also be logical ports


6

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Service Model

1

2

Service #1

3

4

Service #2


7

Service points Service points are logical entities attached to the interfaces that make up the service. Service points define the movement of frames through the service. Without service points, a service is simply a virtual bridge with no ingress or egress interfaces.

Rails are second service point towards the bridge

The Route is your first service point towards the bridge


8

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What is a service point?

1

2

SP

Service #1

SP

3 SP

SP

4 SP

Service #2

SP


9

Services in IP-20 Family

10

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IP-20 Services IP20N supports the following services types: 1. Point-to-Point Service (P2P) 2. Multipoint Service (MP) 3. Management Service (MNG) 4. Point-to-Multipoint Service (E-Tree)

E-Tree services are planned for future release.


11

Point to Point Service (P2P) • Point-to-point services are used to provide connectivity between two interfaces of the network element. • When traffic ingresses via one side of the service, it is immediately directed to the other side according to ingress and egress tunneling rules. • This type of service contains exactly two service points and does not require MAC address-based learning or forwarding

4

1

PIPE

PIPE SAP

SAP

2

3


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Multipoint Service (MP) • • •

Multipoint services are used to provide connectivity between two or more service points. When traffic ingresses via one service point, it is directed to one of the service points in the service, other than the ingress service point, according to ingress and egress tunneling rules, and based on the learning and forwarding mechanism. If the destination MAC address is not known by the learning and forwarding mechanism, the arriving frame is flooded to all the other service points in the service except the ingress service point.

4

1 SAP

SNP

2 SAP

SNP

3


13

Management Service (MNG) •

Traffic ports TCC

Management ports TCC

•

The management service is a multipoint service that connects the two local management ports, the network element host CPU, and the traffic ports into a single service. The service behavior is same as the Multipoint service behavior. The management service is pre-defined with Service ID 1025.

CPU 1 4 2

SAP

SNP

1

Service ID 1025 2


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Service Attributes

•

Service ID - 1 - 1024

•

Service Type – P2P, MP, MNG

•

Service Admin Mode – Operational, Reserved

•

EVC-ID - Ethernet Virtual Connection ID (End-to-end).

•

EVC Description

•

Maximum Dynamic MAC Address Learning per Service

•

Static MAC Address Configuration

•

CoS Mode & Default CoS

•

xSTP Instance – The spanning tree instance ID (1-63)

•

Split Horizon Group - (Enable/Disable)


15

IP-20 Service Points

16

Page 116

Service points • • • •

SAP SNP Pipe Service Point Management Service Point


Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP


18

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Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP


19

Management (MNG) Service Point Only used for management services


20

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Pipe Service Points Pipe Service Point – Used to create traffic connectivity between two points in a port-based manner (Smart Pipe). In other words, all the traffic from one port passes to the other port. Pipe service points are used in Point-to-Point services

PIPE SAP

PIPE SAP

PIPE SAP


21

Service points classification

22

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PIPE SAP

Service Point – Interface Types Interface Type

Types of Frames

Applies to SP Type

Dot1q

A single C‐VLAN is classified into the service point

All

S‐tag

A single S‐VLAN is classified into the service point

SNMP and MNG

Bundle‐C

A set of C‐VLANs is classified into the service point

SAP

Bundle‐S

A single S‐VLAN and a set of C‐VLAN are classified into the service point

SAP

All‐to‐One

All C‐VLANs, S‐VLANs with TPID diff than the system one and untagged frames that enter the interface are classified into the service point

SAP

Q‐in‐Q

A single S‐VLAN and C‐VLAN combination is classified into the service point

SAP and MNG


23

Service Points

Service


24

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Service


25

Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface


26

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Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface


27

Example of dot1q services • • • •

The classification to PtP1 and PtP2 is based on one c‐vlan. PtP 1 uses same c‐vlan as the classification at both ends PtP 2 uses different c‐vlan as the classification at both ends. PtP1 and PtP2 uses the transport vlan inside the network. The original c‐vlan is not sent inside the network. C‐Vlan SAP3

10

SAP 3

ptp 1 SAP1

C‐Vlan 10

SAP 1

20

SAP 2

C‐Vlan SAP4

SAP2

120

ptp 2

Transport Vlan

EVC

100

ptp1

200

ptp2


28

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SAP SNP

SAP 4

Example of bundle services • •

The classification to PtP1 and PtP2 is based on several c‐vlan’s. PtP1 and PtP2 uses the transport vlan inside the network. The original c‐vlan is preserved and sent inside the network.

C‐Vlan SAP3

10,11

SAP 3

ptp 1 SAP1

C‐Vlan 10,11

SAP 1

20,21

SAP 2

C‐Vlan SAP4

SAP2

20,21

SAP 4

ptp 2

Transport Vlan

EVC

100

ptp1

200

ptp2

29

SAP SNP


Example of Q-in-Q services • •

The classification to PtP1 and PtP2 is based on a pair of c‐vlan and s‐vlan. PtP1 and PtP2 uses the transport vlan inside the network. The original c‐vlan and s‐vlan is not sent inside the network.

SAP3

S‐Vlan

C‐Vlan

230

10

SAP 3

ptp 1 SAP1

SAP4

SAP2

S‐Vlan

C‐Vlan

340

320

ptp 2

S‐Vlan

C‐Vlan

230

10

SAP 1

240

20

SAP 2

Transport Vlan

EVC

100

ptp1

200

ptp2

SAP SNP Proprietary and Confidential

30

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SAP 4

Service points Attributes

31

Service Point Attributes As described above, traffic ingresses and egresses the service via service points. The service point attributes are divided into two types: • Ingress Attributes – Define how frames are handled upon ingress, e.g., policing and MAC address learning. • Egress Attributes – Define how frames are handled upon egress, e.g., preservation of the ingress CoS value upon egress, VLAN swapping.


Page 124

Service Point Attributes General

Ingress

Egress

Service Point ID

Learning Admin

C‐VLAN CoS Preservation

Service Point Name

Allow Flooding

C‐VLAN Preservation

Service Point Type

Allow Broadcast

S‐VLAN CoS Preservation

Interface

CoS Mode

Marking Admin

Interface Type

Default CoS

Service Bundle ID

C‐VLAN Encapsulation S‐VLAN Encapsulation


33

Service Point – General Attributes General

• Service Point ID – number for service point inside the same service

• Service Point Name – The Name for service point if is needed Service Point ID Service Point Name Service Point Type Interface Interface Type C‐VLAN Encapsulation S‐VLAN Encapsulation

• Service Point Type- SAP, SNP, MNG, PIPE • Interface - The logical interface on which the service point is located

• Interface Type – Dot1q, S-Tag, Bundle-C, BundleS, All-to-One, Q-in-Q

• C-Vlan Encapsulation - The C-VLAN classified •

into the service point S-Vlan Encapsulation - The S-VLAN classified into the service point


34

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Service Point – Interface Types Interface Type

Types of Frames

Applies to SP Type

Dot1q

A single C‐VLAN is classified into the service point

All

S‐tag

A single S‐VLAN is classified into the service point

SNMP and MNG

Bundle‐C

A set of C‐VLANs is classified into the service point

SAP

Bundle‐S

A single S‐VLAN and a set of C‐VLAN are classified into the service point

SAP

All‐to‐One

All C‐VLANs, S‐VLANs with TPID diff than the system one and untagged frames that enter the interface are classified into the service point

SAP

Q‐in‐Q

A single S‐VLAN and C‐VLAN combination is classified into the service point

SAP and MNG


35

Service Point – Ingress Attribute • Learning Admin - Indicates whether MAC Ingress

Learning Admin

• •

Allow Flooding Allow Broadcast

•

CoS Mode Default CoS

•

address learning is enabled or disabled Allow Flooding - Indicates whether incoming frames with unknown MAC addresses are forwarded to other service points via flooding Allow Broadcast - Indicates whether frames with a broadcast destination MAC address are allowed to ingress the service via this service point CoS Mode - Indicates how the service point handles the CoS of frames that pass through the service point. Default CoS – The service point CoS. If the CoS Mode is set to overwrite the CoS decision made at the interface level, this is the CoS value assigned to frames that ingress the service point.


36

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Service Point – Egress Attribute • C-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the Egress

• C‐VLAN CoS Preservation C‐VLAN Preservation

•

S‐VLAN CoS Preservation Marking Admin Service Bundle ID

•

•

original C-VLAN CoS value is preserved or restored for frames egressing from the service point C-Vlan Preservation - Indicates whether the original C-VLAN ID is preserved or restored for frames egressing from the service point S-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the original S-VLAN CoS value is preserved or restored for frames egressing from the service point Marking Admin - Indicates whether re-marking of the outer VLAN (C-VLAN or S-VLAN) of tagged frames that pass through the service point is enabled Service Bundle ID - This can be used to assign one of the available service bundles from the HQoS hierarchy queues to the service point Proprietary and Confidential

37

Ethernet Service Points – GUI General

Service Point ID Service Point Name Service Point Type Interface Interface Type C‐VLAN Encapsulation S‐VLAN Encapsulation Ingress

Learning Admin Allow Flooding Allow Broadcast CoS Mode Default CoS Egress

C‐VLAN CoS Preservation C‐VLAN Preservation S‐VLAN CoS Preservation Marking Admin Service Bundle ID Proprietary and Confidential

38

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Logical Vs. Physical Interface

39

Logical and physical interface


40

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Service Demo

41

Creating the Service


42

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Attaching Service Points


43



44

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45

Questions?


46

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Thank You

Page 132

IP-20G Licensing

July 2014 Version 2

Agenda • Licensing in General • Demo License • CeraOS License concept • IP-20 Licensing Scheme • Licensed Features


2

Page 133

Licensing •

IP-20G offers a pay as-you-grow licensing concept in which future capacity growth and additional functionality can be enabled with license keys. For purposes of licensing, each IP-20G chassis is considered a distinct device, regardless of which cards are included in the chassis. Each device contains a single license key. Licenses are divided into two categories: • Per Carrier – The license is per carrier • Per Device – The license is per device, regardless of the number of carriers supported by the device.

• •

•

Ceragon provides a web-based License Management System (LMS). The LMS enables authorized users to generate license keys, which are generated per IDU serial number.

•

A 1+1 HSB configuration requires the same set of licenses for both the active and the protected interfaces.


3

License Management System


4

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License generating

License is generated according to chassis SN Proprietary and Confidential

5

DEMO License • A demo license is available that enables all features for 60 days. • The demo license expires 60 days from the time it was activated, and the most recent valid license goes into effect.

• The 60-day period is only counted when the system is powered up. 10 days before the demo license expires, an alarm is raised indicating to the user that the demo license is about to expire.


6

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IP-20 Pricing Concept (Value Structure) Hardware, Software & Licensed Features

CeraOS (Software) Licensed Premium Functionality

Licensed Scalability • • • •

• • • • • • •

Radio capacity 2nd modem/core activation (IP‐20G/C) Additional GE user interfaces Additional CET‐Node services/EVCs (L2)

Advanced radio configurations Advanced QoS Ethernet OAM TDM PW services Synchronization Network Resiliency Advanced Security

Licensed Mode ‐ CET‐Node • • • • • •

CET services/EVCs (L2) 2x GE user interfaces

Smart‐Pipe services (L1) 10M radio capacity 1x GE user interface Native TDM services

Base‐line functionality

Hardware • • •

Product Models (e.g. IP‐20G, IP‐20G, IP‐20C, IP‐20LH) Assembly options (e.g. single/dual modem in IP‐20G) Add‐on modules (e.g. RMC in IP‐20G) Proprietary and Confidential

7

IP-20 Licensing Scheme • Per Carrier •

• Per Node – Premium Functionality

Scalability

•

• Radio capacity

•

• Enhanced Packet Buffer • Frame Cut Through • H-QoS

Advanced radio configurations • • • • •

ACM XPIC Multi-Carrier ABC MIMO Header De-duplication

•

•

Sync-Unit IEEE-1588 TC IEEE-1588 OC IEEE-1588 BC

Redundancy/Resiliency group • Network Resiliency • Main Card Redundancy

CET-Node mode/scalability

•

• Edge (8 services/EVCs) • Agg-Lvl-1 (64 services/EVCs) • Agg-Lvl-2 (1024 services/EVCs)

•

Sync group • • • •

• Per Node – scalability •

QoS group

Ethernet OAM group • Eth-OAM FM • ETH-OAM PM

General node scalability 2nd

• modem activation (IP-20G only) • 2nd core activation (IP-20C only) • GE user interfaces

•

TDM group

•

Security

• TDM PW • Secure management


8

Page 136

Licensed Features License Name

Radio Capacity

Adaptive Coding Modulation ACM

Header De‐Duplication

Description Enables you to increase your system’s radio capacity in gradual steps by upgrading your capacity license. Without a capacity license, each carrier has a capacity of 10 Mbps. Licensed capacity is available from 25 Mbps to 500 Mbps. Each RMC card can be licensed for a different capacity. Enables the use of Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) scripts. A separate license is required per core.

Enables the use of Header De‐Duplication, which can be configured to operate at L2 through L4.

Enables the use of Cross Polarization Interface Canceller Cross Polarization Interface Canceller (XPIC). A separate license is required for each core in (XPIC) the XPIC pair.


9


FE/GE Port Enabling

Smart Pipe mode

Description Enables the use of a TCC Ethernet port for traffic. A license is required for each TCC traffic port that is used on the device, as follows. Any of these licenses can be installed multiple times with dynamic allocation inside the unit. • FE Port Enabled – Enables an Ethernet port on the TCC or on an Ethernet LIC in FE mode (10/100baseT only). • GE Port Enabled – Enables an Ethernet port on the TCC or on an Ethernet LIC in FE or GE mode (10/100/1000baseT or 1000baseX). • FE‐to‐GE Port Upgrade – Converts an FE port license to a GE port license. Enables Smart Pipe mode. When Smart Pipe mode is enabled, 1 x GE interface is enabled by default.


10

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Edge CET Node

Description Enables Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) and a number of Ethernet services (EVCs), depending on the type of CET Node license: • Edge CET Node – Up to 8 EVCs. • Aggregation Level 1 CET Node – Up to 64 EVCs. • Aggregation Level 2 CET Node – Up to 1024 EVCs. A CET Node license also enables the following: • Network resiliency (MSTP/RSTP) for all services. • Full QoS for all services including basic queue buffer management (fixed queues buffer size limit, tail‐ drop only) and eight queues per port, no H‐QoS. • LAG Support •

Network Resiliency

Enables the following protocols for improving network resiliency: • G.8032 • TDM (PW) services 1:1 path protection Proprietary and Confidential

11

Licensed Features License Name H‐QoS

Enhanced Packet Buffer Management (QoS)

Sync Unit Sync‐Over‐Packet Optimized Transport TDM Time‐Slot Suppression

Description Enables H‐QoS. This license is required to add service‐ bundles with dedicated queues to interfaces. Without this license, only the default eight queues per port are supported. Enables configurable (non‐default) queue buffer size limit for Green and Yellow frames. Also enables WRED. The default queue buffer size limit is 0.5 Mbits for Green frames and 0.25 Mbits for Yellow frames. Enables the G.8262 synchronization unit. This license is required in order to provide end‐to‐end synchronization distribution on the physical layer. This license is also required to use Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE). Enables Sync‐over‐frame optimized transport. Enables CESoP PW mode on all installed Smart TDM cards. Without this license, only SAToP PW mode is supported. Proprietary and Confidential

12

Page 138


Description

Frame Cut‐Through

Enables Frame Cut‐Through. Enables the use of a second TCC in a 2RU chassis for TCC redundancy.

Main Card Redundancy

Ethernet OAM – Fault Management

Enables Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) per 802.1ag and 802.3ah. Enables secure management protocols (SSH, HTTPS, SFTP, SNMPv3, and RADIUS)

Secure Management


13

IP-20 licensing scheme – CET-Node Mode # of bundled GE ports for user traffic

Management Service

Native TDM services

"Pipe" (L1) Eth services

# of CET (L2) Eth services ( PtP / MPtMP / TDM PW* )

Base (no license)

1

Yes

Unlimited

Unlimited

-

Edge-CET-Node

2

Yes

Unlimited

Unlimited

8

Agg-Lvl-1-CET-Node

2

Yes

Unlimited

Unlimited

64

Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node

2

Yes

Unlimited

Unlimited

1024

License

* TDM-PW license key is required to enable TDM PW services.


14

Page 139

License


15

License features available


16

Page 140

Thank You

Page 141

Page 142

Native TDM

Ceragon Training Services July 2014 Version 2

Agenda • Native TDM Services • Hybrid Service Engine – TDM + Ethernet • All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire • How to Setup Native TDM


2

Page 143

Native TDM Services • IP-20G provides integrated support for transportation of TDM (E1) services with integrated E1 and ch-STM-1 interfaces.

• Two types of TDM services are supported using the same hardware: • Native TDM trails • TDM Pseudowire services (enabling interoperability with third party packet/PW equipment)

• IP-20G provides native TDM support, utilizing a cross-connect module to support up to 512 TDM trails.

• The IP-20G Web EMS provides a simple and easy-to-use GUI that enables users to provision end-to-end TDM trails. The Services Provisioning GUI includes the following trail-creation end points: • TDM interface • Radio interface Proprietary and Confidential

3

Hybrid Services Engine – Ethernet + TDM Services engine TDM cross-connect (VCs)

TDM traffic

E1 Ch-STM1

TDM PW

Network processor (EVCs)

Hybrid Radio Packet traffic

GE/FE

• Native TDM Services (VCs) • Ethernet Services (EVCs) • Ethernet switched (L2) services – E-Line (PtP), E-LAN (MPtMP)

• Ethernet port based (L1) services (“smart pipe”) • TDM Pseudowire services – Unstructured (SAToP), Structured (CESoP)


4

Page 144

Hybrid services example: Ethernet EVCs + Native TDM TDM cross-connect (VCs)

E1/ ch-STM1

Port

SAP

Ethernet Services (EVCs) PtP Service

User Port (UNI) GE/FE

TDM traffic

Port

SAP SAP

SNP SAP

Packet traffic

Hybrid Radio

MPtMP Service User Port (UNI) GE/FE

SAP

Network Port

SNP

Port

Port

SAP

GE/FE

SNP


5

All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire Ethernet Services (EVCs) TDM PW E1/DS1/ ch-STM1/ OC3

Port

PtP Service

SAP SAP

SNP SAP

PtP Service

User Port (UNI) GE/FE

Port

S-VLAN = 200 SAP SAP

SNP SAP

Packet traffic

Packet Radio

MPtMP Service User Port (UNI) GE/FE

SAP

Network Port

SNP

Port

Port

SAP

SNP


6

Page 145

GE/FE

How to Setup Native TDM

7

Native TDM Configuration VC‐1

VC‐2

VC‐3

VC‐4

VC‐5

VC‐6

VC‐7

VC‐8

VC‐9

VC‐10 VC‐11 VC‐12

VC‐13 VC‐14 VC‐15 VC‐n

E1#1-16 (or STM-1 VC) Loop Timing

TDM Network 8


8

Page 146

TDM Service Configuration 1

As first we have to create any Eth. service for Radio port, because we need specify which type of traffic will be carry by Radio. Create any service point which is connected to the radio port in Ethernet/Services … Proprietary and Confidential

9

TDM Service Configuration 2

1 2 3

1 – Select required TDM card 2 – Select required E1or VC 3 – Select Timing Loop Timing – Timing is taken from incoming traffic. Recovered Clock – Clock information is recovered on the egress path. Extra information may be located in an RTP header that can be used to correct frequency offsets. Recovered Clock can provide very accurate synchronization, but requires low PDV (Packer Delay Variation). System Reference Clock – Trails are synchronized to the system reference clock. Front Panel – Trails are synchronized from Front Panel synch. port. Proprietary and Confidential

10

Page 147

Native TDM Configuration

Select Required TDM Card and Timing

E1#1-1 Proprietary and Confidential

11

TDM Service Configuration

Select VC for radio slot

VC‐1

VC‐2

VC‐3

VC‐4

VC‐5

VC‐6

VC‐7

VC‐8

VC‐9

VC‐10 VC‐11 VC‐12

VC‐13 VC‐14 VC‐15 VC‐n E1#1-1


12

Page 148


In remote end it needs to be set vice versa according to drawing below

1

2


13


Selection Summary Proprietary and Confidential

14

Page 149

Thank You

Page 150

Configuration Management & Software Download

Ceragon Training Services July 2014, ver 3

Agenda

• Backup and Restore • Software Download


2

Page 151

Backup & Restore

3

Backup and Restore • Backup and restore can be used for • • • •

• Restoring configuration upon unit replacement • Duplicating configuration Three restore points Restore point are manually created Backup file is generated from a restore pointed Once a backup file is imported to a unit it can be restored


4

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Backup Process

Backup Configuration File Idea 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Install FTP server – We recommend to use FileZilla Server (not Client) Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders) Synchronize Time via CLI “platform management time-services utc set date-and-time 30-01-2014,15:07:58” Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server Create Configuration Backup inside IP20 unit Export Configuration Backup to FTP server

Export File

FTP IP address


6

Page 153

2. FTP Setup – FileZilla Settings 1. Install FileZilla Server and Run it 2. Create User in FileZilla Server


7

2. FTP Setup – FileZilla Settings 3. Create shared folder in FTP Server PC (C:\ Backups) 4. Setup all permissions for this folder in FTP Server

FTP SERVER PC

FileZilla settings in FTP SERVER PC

5. Check Firewall settings in FTP Server PC and if port 21 is used only with FileZilla Proprietary and Confidential

8

Page 154

3. IP20G Configuration Management Settings Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection Status for File transfer

Status for for Backup creation

User name and password must be same as in FileZilla Server FTP Server IP address Path in Server (This setup means that file will be uploaded in C:\Backups) Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)

!!!

Restore point selection Time installation for future releases


9

4. Backup process 6. Check Export status

4. Check Status

1. Setup Configuration parameters included Restore Point which will be used for Configuration Backup inside the system

2. Apply 5. Export

3. Backup


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Restore Process

Restore Configuration File Idea 1. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) – we recommend to use FileZilla Server (Not Client) 2. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders) 3. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server 4. Synchronize Time via CLI “platform management time-services utc set date-and-time 30-01-2014,15:07:58”

5. Import Configuration Backup from FTP Server 6. Restore Configuration Backup

Import File

FTP IP address


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3. IP20 Configuration Management Settings Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection Status for File transfer

Status for Backup creation

User name and password must be same as in FileZilla Server FTP Server IP address Path in Server (Means that file will be downloaded from Home FileZilla directory – in our case C:\Backups)

Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)

!!!

Restore point selection Time installation for future releases


13

Restore process 4. Check Import status

6. Check Restore status

1. Setup Configurations parameters included Restore point 1-3

2.Apply

3.Import

5 Restore

RESTORE CONFIGURATION WILL NOT CHANGE CURRENT IP ADDRESS !!! Proprietary and Confidential

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Config_Dump File


15

Software Download for IDU

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Software Download Idea for IDU 1. Before performing a software upgrade, it is important to verify that the system date and time are correct. 2. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) – we recommend to use FileZilla Server (Not Client) 3. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders) 4. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server 5. Synchronize Time via CLI “platform management time-services utc set date-and-time 30-01-2014,15:07:58”

6. UnZip software package for IP-20 to FTP Server shared folder 7. Download software from FTP Server 8. Install downloaded software Software

Download

• •

Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the current software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an installation is performed. To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per slot Proprietary and Confidential

17

IP-20 Software Download Settings

User name and password must be same as in FileZilla Server FTP Server IP address

Path in FTP Server (This setup means that configuration files will be downloaded from Home FileZilla directory)


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Software process download 4. Check Download Status 6. Check Installation Status

1. Setup Parameters

2. Apply

5. Install Downloaded Software 3. Download Software Files from FTP Server Proprietary and Confidential

19

RFU Software Installation

20

Page 160

RFU Software Installation • Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the current software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an installation is performed. • To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per slot. • This enables you to manage IDU and RFU software versions separately. • In this version, you must use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to upgrade RFU software.


21

RFU Software Installation Procedure 1. The following sequence of commands installs RFU-C software version 2.13 in the RFU connected to slot 3. root> platform software show rfu versions

2. The next step is to perform the update and install commands: root> platform software update rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1 root> platform software install rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1

3. To check the status of an update or install operation, enter the following command: root> platform software show rfu status

4. Once the installation is complete, the Install Status column should indicate installation success and the In Progress column should indicate 100 (100%). 5.When the installation is complete, enter the show rfu versions command again to verify that the new version has been properly installed in both the TCC and the RFU: root> platform software show rfu versions


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Thank You

Page 162

Troubleshooting

Ceragon Training Services July 2014, ver 2

Agenda

• Faults and Alarms • Performance monitoring • RMON statistic • Loopback


2

Page 163

Faults and Alarms

Faults Current Alarms

Event Log


4

Page 164

Alarm Configuration


5

Performance Monitoring - Radio

Page 165

Radio Parameters

Profile 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mod QPSK 8PSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024 QAM SFEC 1024 QAM WFEC 2048QAM

MSE Down-Threshold -16 -17 -21 -24 -27 -30 -32 -35 -36 -39

MSE Up-Threshold -18 -19 -23 -26 -29 -32 -34 -37 -38 -41

Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9

The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative Proprietary and Confidential

7

Radio Parameters – Defected Blocks


8

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MRMC actual status


9

Signal Level


10

Page 167

MSE – Mean Square Error


11

MRMC


12

Page 168

Capacity, Throughput, Utilization, Frame Error State


13

Performance Monitoring – Ethernet Services

Page 169

ETH PM – RMON


15

PM – RMON – Special Registers RMON register / Counter

Description

Undersize frames received

Frames shorter than 64 bytes

Oversize frames received

Frames longer than 2000 bytes

Jabber frames received

Total frames received with a length of more than 2000 bytes, but with an invalid FCS

Fragments frames received

Total frames received with a length of less than 64 bytes, and an invalid FCS

Rx error frames received

Total frames received with Phy‐error

FCS frames received

Total frames received with CRC error, not countered in "Fragments", "Jabber" or "Rx error" counters

Pause frames received

Number of flow‐control pause frames received


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Troubleshooting with RMON: Oversized frames Site A T

Site B T

T

A

Tagged Frames with frame size > 2000 bytes

When ingress frames exceed the maximum frame size, RMON counter “Oversized frames received” is updated accordingly


17

Troubleshooting with RMON: Discarding Example Site A T

Site B T

T

Ingress traffic does not comply to Policer rules

Discarding Examples: Ingress rate > Rate Limiter Ingress frames do not qualify to Policer rules


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Page 171

A

Troubleshooting with RMON: Monitoring specific traffic types

Site A

Site B Rate Limiter

T

T

Monitor

Video streams are generally transmitted over UDP with multicast addresses To monitor traffic, check out the Multicast Frames Received register To limit MC traffic, assign a Policer with a MC CIR rules Proprietary and Confidential

19

Performance Monitoring – TDM Services

Page 172

TDM – Line Alarms

An example: Line alarms number 1040 = ( 10000010000 ) = 1024 + 16 It means that 1024 is Transceiver Loss of Multi-frame and 16 is Transceiver AIS alarm


21

TDM port PMs Table


22

Page 173

Loopbacks

RFU RF Loopback

IF LB RFU RF LB


24

Page 174

TDM Loopback


25

Thank You

Page 175

Page 176

Course Evaluation Form Dear Customer! Thank you for taking the time to complete the following course evaluation form. Your commentary and feedbacks are of great importance to us as we analysis and investigate each course and report. The information you provide will be used to help us improve the content of the course and monitor the quality of our training program. Thank You, Oren Gerstner, Training Director

Course details Location Course Name / ID Start Date (d/m/year)

End Date (d/m/year)

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Course Evaluation Form

Page 177

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Handbook FibeAir IP-20G Basic Training Course 7.7 Ver2

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