Faculdade de Direito Universidade de Brasília Brasilia, Junho 2014.
Concept of Lifeorld of Juer!en "a#er$as
%studante& 'an(a )ru(ic *at+ria& tica e direito -rofessor& *iroslav *ilovic
Abstract:
n this short essa/, shall reflect upon the concept of the liveorld Lebenswelt develop
in the ritin! ritin! of the Juer!en Juer!en "a#er$as, "a#er$as, $ore specificall/ specificall/ in the 'olu$e 'olu$e to of his #oo The Theory of the Communicative Action here
he develops this notion. 3he essa/ ill start ith the
short introduction here $ain #ac!round ideas and concept a#out theor/ of co$$unicative action ill #e presented in order to $aintain #etter understandin! of the contet in hich "a#er$as developed developed his thinin! thinin! upon lifeolrd. lifeolrd. Later, Later, the $ain characte characteristic risticss of the Lebenswelt ill #e shon throu!h to $ain points, that ill #e folloed ith the part here the concept of the to5 level social inte!ration social and s/ste$atic shall #e ea$ined. 6n the a/ to the conclusion, uncouplin! of these levels of social realit/ ill #e shon as a part of $odernit/ and process of $oderni7ation.
Introduction from the Theory of the Communicative Action
n his #oo 83heor/ of Co$$unicative 9ction8 "a#er$as ill !ive !round points to his philosophical clai$s and approach to the $odern orld. n the second 'olu$e of the #oo he ill rite a#out concept of the :lifeorld:, a#out to level social realit/ here lifeord #eco$es uncoupled fro$ the s/ste$ orld. Before revilin! the $ain characteristics of the notion lifeorld, $ain points fro$ "a#er$as: theor/ of the Co$$unicative 9ction shall #e presented. "e has adopted three5orld concept and accordin! to the$ three validit/ clai$s that !ive rational fra$eor hich is assu$ed #/ the actors in their social interactions. 1 6#(ective orld here so$ethin! is o#tain or can #e #rou!ht and state$ent is true. t epresses hat is the case in the orld, and a directive is successful in #rin!in! a#out a desired state of affairs. 2 ;ocial orld here so$ethin! is o#li!ator/ and state$ent is ri!ht. ?4, p.100. n this orld su#(ected eperiences, desires and feelin!s are truthfull/ epressed. "a#er$as is not the first author thinin! a#out the lifeorld, therefore in his ritin!s he ill revie and critici7e the social theories of Durhei$, *ead and "usler, a$on! the others. 3hat is h/ #efore to $ain ar!u$ents on his lifeorld concept shall #e presented, the social theor/ of %$ile Durhei$ ill #e presented in the points that are connective to the social thinin! of "a#er$as. ;hortl/ and ver/ si$pl/ put, #ased on his #oo 83he division of la#our8 that refers to the structural differentiation of the social s/ste$s. First point a#out Durhei$:s #oo "a#er$as ill notice, is the for$ula :state as the central or!an: here the division of the la#our is not a social5 cultural $anifestation, #ut a :pheno$enon of !eneral #iolo!/ hose conditions $ust #e sou!ht in the essential properties of or!ani7ed $atter: "a#er$as, 1>?@, 114.
constituted #/ the division of la#our "a#er$as, 1>?@, 114A11. Connected to this :transition: is a develop$ent of the :social partner: to the develop$ent of the la#our division. Durhei$ ill rite that even the or!anic for$ of social solidarit/ has to #e secured #/ values and nor$s lie $echanical social societies is the epression of a collective consciousness, hoever altered in its structure "a#er$as, 1>?@, 11. Beside the later parado, "a#er$as ill a!ree and later use in his social thinin!s, that there $ust #e a causal connection #eteen the !roin! differentiation of the social s/ste$ and the develop$ent of independent $oralit/ effective for the inte!ration. The lifeworld
9fter short introduction has #een presented, ill reflect on the "a#er$as: concept of the lifeorld usin! the to levels of the anal/ses in the or of vovic, Habermas’ Concept of Systemic Colonization of Lifeworld .
1 understanding that the social integration of modern societies is made by communicative action 6n this level, the lifeorld is related to the three orlds e eplained at the #e!innin! of the tet. 3hat $ean that the su#(ects in the lifeorld orient their actin! to the $utual understandin! #ased on their co$$on definitions of situations. ;een lie this, the notion of lifeorld is as a $acrostucture, as a totalit/ of social realit/ in hich the three orlds o#(ective, nor$ative and su#(ective are connected and reinterpreted #/ co$$unication and culture stocs. n the #oo, "a#er$as ill sho this virtue of the lifeorld on the ea$ple of the co$$unicative action #eteen to orers on the constructin! site, here the older one ill !ive an order to the /oun!er orer. n that co$$unicative relation, "a#er$as ill sa/, e can see the spatio5te$poral di$ension, also as e can notice a nor$ative fra$eor in a !iven situation, hich $eans that in this ea$ple, lie in ever/ other, the co$$unicative action in the lifeorld is ala/s connected to the three orlds and the co$$on definitions that actors are #rin!in! fro$ those orlds. 2 second level is phenomenological and lifeworld here is seen as a framewor for the mutual understanding
Used as a pheno$enon, lifeorld can eplain those spatio5te$poral and social or!ani7ations. 6n the sa$e ea$ple of the older and /oun!er orer, "a#er$as #/ $ain! so$e chan!es in the stor/, addin! so$e ne infor$ation, shos ho lifeorld is a $ovea#le structure here the chan!e $aes a shift in it. "ere he ill use the ord :hori7on: fro$ "usserl.
chan!es occur, the one actor ill have to redefine the situation #/ usin! a ne definitions or ar!u$ents the other actor #rou!ht in the relation. 3his redefinition of the co$$unication situation, is #ased on suppositions of co$$onalit/ in respect to the o#(ective, social and each other:s on su#(ective orld. ;till, $ost i$portant here is a noled!e that is co$in! fro$ the cultural stocs. 3hese stocs are $ain! the relation #eteen the actors alread/ pre5interpreted and that is h/ hen the shift happens e can redefine the situation due to this pre5interpretation. "a#er$as ill sa/ that e can never find ourselves in a void, even if e !o out of the hori7on #ecause culture stoc is 8ala/s alread/8 fa$iliar. 6n the a/ to conclude, the lifeorld is constitutive $utual understandin!, here speaer and hearer co$e to an understandin! fro$ out of their co$$on lifeorld a#out so$ethin! in the o#(ective, social and su#(ective orlds "a#er$as, 1>?@, 12. Two-level social reality and its uncoupling
?@, 1@. 3his is idealistic, still $ore s/ste$ !ets developed, $ore lifeorld #eco$es $ore suppress and $ore provincial. 3his is hen the uncouplin! ill start, #ecause the develop$ent of the one social level, ill #eco$e
$ore independent and separated fro$ the develop$ent of the other. n a differentiated social s/ste$s the lifeorld see$s to shrin to a su#s/ste$ "a#er$as, 1>?@, 1@=. 3he $odel he ill su!!est is #rin!in! social idea to the #e!innin!s sa/in! that as the ne $echanis$s are #ein! adopted, the/ suppose to #e anchored in the lifeorld via fa$il/ status, authorit/ of the office etc. "a#er$as rites& 8this #asic institutions for$ a series of evolutionar/ inovations that can co$e a#out onl/ if the lifeorld is sufficientl/ rationali7ed, a#ove all if la and $oralit/ have reached a correspondin! sta!e of develop$ent8 "a#er$as, 1>?@, 1@=. ;i$pl/ put, the ne $echanis$s that are co$in! fro$ the s/ste$ differentiation, need to #e institutionali7ed #/ $ain! the chan!es in the $oral5le!al fra$e of the institutional do$ain. 3hat $eans that the social inte!ration is connected to the develop$ent of la and $oralit/. "a#er$as ill !ive three sta!es in this la develop$ent& first, here $oral and la are not separated second, here the separation is startin! #/ processes of differentiation and third, hen $oralit/ is deinstitutionalised to such an etent that is no anchored onl/ in the personalit/ s/ste$ as an internal control of #ehaviour "a#er$as, 1>?@, 1@4. ?@, 1@4. n the $odern orld, ith the processes of the $oderni7ation, uncouplin! is #eco$in! stron!er ith ne differentiations of the s/ste$s that are not correspondin! to the levels of rationali7ation in the lifeorlds. 3he to levels are startin! to develop independentl/ fro$ each other and "a#er$as ill #uilt his $odern societ/ critiEue around this idea of the social realit/.
eferences "a#er$as, Juer!en& 83he 3heor/ of Co$$unicative 9ction8, 'ol.2 5 8Lifeorld and ;/ste$& CritiEue of Functionalist eason8, 1>?@, Beacon -ress, Boston. "a#er$as, Jir!en& 8-ro#le$i dvostepeno! oncepta druGtva& siste$ i svet Hivota od!ovor *earti(u8, u& ;rpsa politiIa $isao, #r. 154 7a 1>>, Beo!rad. vovic, *ar(an, "a#er$as Concept of ;/ste$ic Coloni7ation of Lifeorld, 2010, Sociologi!a 'ol. L 2010, K 1, Beo!rad.