1. Overv vervie iew w The twenty-first century heralded countless changes in the telecommun telecommunicatio ications ns means means to deliver deliver services services to residentia residentiall and business business consumers. The phenomenon is underpinned by two technologies: Internet protocol (IP) and optical fiber . The technology provides triple play (viz) voice, video, and data services over a common protocol—IP. Operators are quic quickl kly y movi moving ng to maxi maximi mize ze the the numb number er of serv servic ices es offe offere red d to a sing single le customer via a bundled offering. Technologies such as voice over IP (VoIP), IP television (IPTV), and broadband will become a common requirement. As bundled services and technologies are deployed, the legacy networks, designed to efficiently deliver a single service, are stressed and in many cases incapable of offering the desired services. The teleco telecomm mmuni unicat cation ions s has mature matured d to offer offer networ network k conver convergen gence ce and enable the revolution of consumer media device interaction. The aging copper access infrastructure in residential and business locations is unable to meet the the dema demand nd of incr increa ease se in band bandwi widt dth, h, for for seve severa rall appl applic icat atio ions ns.. Thes These e demands can only be met by the deeper penetration of optical fiber in access networks and increasing deployment of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). As a result, FTTH is the fastest-gro fastest-growing wing global global broadband broadband technology, technology, with significan significantt deployments 1.1 Bandwidth Demand Operators will need capability of delivering more than 40 Mbps per tenants, over the next few years, as multiple services are used in the home, highdefini definitio tion n TV (HDTV) (HDTV) become becomes s more more preval prevalent ent,, and users users deman demand d faster faster Internet connections. Hence the need to deploy more single-mode optical fiber, deeper in the access networks, has become a necessity. Such a fibre deployment shall meet the high bandwidth requirements of customers, ensure the network future proof, maximizes the symmetrical bandwidth throughput of a carrie carrier’s r’s acces access s networ network, k, provid provide e networ network k reliab reliabilit ility, y, reduc reduce e operat operating ing expenses and will enhance the revenue opportunities. opportunities. The industry refers to this technology as Fibre to Home (FTTH).
1.2 Introduction – GPON The Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) family of specifications has been released by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ( ITU) in the ITU-T G984.x series of documents starting from 2003. GPON technology is not backward compatible compa tible to APON or BPON. An alternative alternative techno technology logy has been specified by the North American IEEE based on Ethernet and thus named Ethernet PON (EPON) or Gigabi Gig abitt Eth Ethern ernet et PON (GE (GEPON PON). ). The cor corresp respond onding ing stan standar dard d is IEE IEEE E 803 803.2a .2ah. h. EPON and GEPON are not compatible.
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ONU ONT ONU T
Passive Optical Optical Splitter Splitter ONU ONT ONU T 1:n
ONU ONT ONU T
OLT
ONU ONT ONU T Customer Customer
Premises remises
Central Office
Fig.1 (Principle layout of passive optical network)
All PON technologies are based on the same principal layout of a passive optical network as shown in the figure above. A number of terminals at the customer side communicate with the same port of the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) in the central office. off ice. The ful fulll ban bandwi dwidth dth of thi thiss por portt is sha shared red bet betwee ween n the con connec nected ted Optical Optical Network Terminals (ONTs). ONTs can be des ONTs design igned ed for single single or mul multip tiple le use userr CPE deploym deployment ent.. ONT ONTss are available for indoor and outdoor installation. However in Etisalat, only indoor type shall be deployed. ONTs can be located directly in the customer premises. GPON can be operated on 1 or 2 fibers, symmetrical or asymmetrical. Up to 7 combination combi nationss of upstream and down downstream stream transmission transmission rates are possible, of which the highest are 2.5 Gbit/s and 1.25 Gbit/s. Etisalat and many other operators favored 2.5 Gbit/s for downstream and 1.25 Gbit/s for upstream transmission in order to be most future-proof. Thee si Th sing ngle le fi fibe berr GP GPON ON op oper erat ates es on di diffe fferen rentt wa wave vele leng ngth thss fo forr up upstr stream eam an and d downstream directions: ⇒ ⇒
•
upstream: downstream
1260 nm – 1360 nm 1480 nm – 1500 nm
Parameter category Downstream 2.5 Gbit/s nominal Upstream 1.25 Gbit/s nominal
All specified parameters are in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.984.2.
1.3
Over View of FTTH FTTH Outside Plant (OSP) Components
A wide array of outside plant components components are used to build build FTTH networks All FTTH networks inherently are designed to deliver an optical fiber to the subscriber. However, their design is highly dependent on the unique nature of the access environment, so product and design flexibility is critical. In short, at the core, FTTH networks contain an optical line terminal (OLT), optical cable, and optical network terminal (ONT).The OLT is typically at the CO but can also be sited in a remote location. The OLT houses the laser transmitters dedicated to each user in a PTP (Point to point) network or
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ONU ONT ONU T
Passive Optical Optical Splitter Splitter ONU ONT ONU T 1:n
ONU ONT ONU T
OLT
ONU ONT ONU T Customer Customer
Premises remises
Central Office
Fig.1 (Principle layout of passive optical network)
All PON technologies are based on the same principal layout of a passive optical network as shown in the figure above. A number of terminals at the customer side communicate with the same port of the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) in the central office. off ice. The ful fulll ban bandwi dwidth dth of thi thiss por portt is sha shared red bet betwee ween n the con connec nected ted Optical Optical Network Terminals (ONTs). ONTs can be des ONTs design igned ed for single single or mul multip tiple le use userr CPE deploym deployment ent.. ONT ONTss are available for indoor and outdoor installation. However in Etisalat, only indoor type shall be deployed. ONTs can be located directly in the customer premises. GPON can be operated on 1 or 2 fibers, symmetrical or asymmetrical. Up to 7 combination combi nationss of upstream and down downstream stream transmission transmission rates are possible, of which the highest are 2.5 Gbit/s and 1.25 Gbit/s. Etisalat and many other operators favored 2.5 Gbit/s for downstream and 1.25 Gbit/s for upstream transmission in order to be most future-proof. Thee si Th sing ngle le fi fibe berr GP GPON ON op oper erat ates es on di diffe fferen rentt wa wave vele leng ngth thss fo forr up upstr stream eam an and d downstream directions: ⇒ ⇒
•
upstream: downstream
1260 nm – 1360 nm 1480 nm – 1500 nm
Parameter category Downstream 2.5 Gbit/s nominal Upstream 1.25 Gbit/s nominal
All specified parameters are in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.984.2.
1.3
Over View of FTTH FTTH Outside Plant (OSP) Components
A wide array of outside plant components components are used to build build FTTH networks All FTTH networks inherently are designed to deliver an optical fiber to the subscriber. However, their design is highly dependent on the unique nature of the access environment, so product and design flexibility is critical. In short, at the core, FTTH networks contain an optical line terminal (OLT), optical cable, and optical network terminal (ONT).The OLT is typically at the CO but can also be sited in a remote location. The OLT houses the laser transmitters dedicated to each user in a PTP (Point to point) network or
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shared across several users in a PON. The OLT is also the aggregation point for voice network, data, and video. The The opti optica call fibe fiberr carri carries es the the sign signal al to the the user user and and is divi divide ded d into into thre three e sections: main cable (terminated at the CO), distribution cable (fanning out across the access network and connect to the Main cable “feeds”), and drop cable (used to physically connect the users to the Distribution cable). As a medium, optical fiber’s bandwidth is only limited by the transmitters of the OLT and hence hence future future-pr -proof oofs s the access access networ network k becau because se of its tremen tremendou dous s bandwidth capacity. The ONT receives the signal from the OLT and converts into usable electronic signals for the user’s telephone, computer, TV, or other devices. The ONT also also serv serves es to comm commun unic icat ate e IP traf traffi fic c back back to the the OLT, OLT, such such that that voic voice e conversations can occur, Web pages can be requested, and TV channels can be changed, all at the same time. Typically, the ONT can be connected to a battery backup device, providing a limited time period (typically eight hours standby) of lifeline services.
1.3. 1.3.1 1
Typi Typica call PON PON Comp Compon onen ents ts
The aggregation of splitters is typically, either in a street cabinet or in the ODF, installed in the Telecom Room. This is the convergence point between main cable and distribution cable network. From the splitter, a dedicated fiber is assigned to each customer. These dedicated dedicated fibre to each customer, may have to snake its way into the neighborhoods in the distribution cable then to a Drop cable closures, closures, sited close to group villas, in the the Joint box. From the drop cable closure, drop cables, usually containing two fibers, are laid directly, to the subscriber’s ONT box. •
Drop cable closures – Joint box type
These are designed to accommodate a single cable entry with multiples of drop cable out let. A single fiber is spliced through, in the closure, to reduce the size of distribution cable to the street cabinet. •
Drop cables
Different types drop cables are available for Indoor and out door application and in different sizes. In new buildings, the owners are expected to pre-wire the buildings with the indoor type 2 F drop cables These cables are very compact and has bending radius 15 mm. Initi Initial ally ly Etis Etisal alat at may may stoc stock k thes these e type types s of cabl cables es,, to meet meet the the buil builde der’ r’s s requirement, for reasons of fiber compatibility. End users shall be encouraged to procure these from the market.
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•
Express Field connectors – SC/APC
These are primarily indented for drop cables terminations to the customer premises ONT. The use of these types of connectors, require the technician to spend only few minutes inside the customer premises. These connectors are environmentally hardened field connectors and recommended only for the customer premises location. •
Micro ODF
These are miniature ODFs and can be installed in the wall or inside ONT Box, where a single fiber out of the 2F drop cables can be terminated with the Express connectors. The location of the Micro ODFs are to be adjacent to the ONT These are a essential hardware, to pre terminate the fibre and testing the fibre, as the installation of ONT may be on demand basis. No joints are recommended on the drop cables •
Fiber characteristics
Etisalat deploys standard fiber cable according to ITU-T G.652, Single-mode Modified diameter:…………..8.6 µm Cladding diameter:…………..125 ± 0.1 µm Cable size:…………………...3.1 X 2.9 mm Cable weight:………………...8 Kg/Km Tensile strength:……………...Not exceeding 80 N Bending radius:………………Not exceed 20 mm Wavelength:…………… ……1310 nm …...max. 0.4 dB/Km ……… … ………1550 nm .......max. 0.3 dB/Km •
Splicing of fibers
Splicing of Fibres is recommended, instead of the mechanical connectors in ODFs in the central Office, cabinet and Cable joints as the fusion splice loss is 0.01 db only. However, Express connectors may be considered if the fiber loss budget is not exceeded. •
Fiber Terminations
In general, the UG cables / fibers shall be terminated in the lower Uniracks of the ODFs. The Splitter Uniracks may be installed above the Uni rack of the UG termination. The in Building Drop cables shall be terminated, at the upper levels. In the Central Office, if the number of fiber terminations is high, dedicated ODFs may be assigned for UG cable termination and dedicated ODFs for splitter. This arrangement will provide the flexibility to recover the splitters and put through the fibres direct, to meet the higher band width requirements.
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1.4
Network Architecture - FTTH
The FTTH is simply the 100 percent deployment of optical fiber in the access network. It is commonly deployed in two specific configurations, as below •
Point-to point. (PTP) network - Fiber is dedicated to each user in the access network. Refer to Figure.2
•
Passive optical network (PON) - A single fiber is shared (via a splitter) among a set number of users, typically thirty-two.
PTP networks are characterized by the use of one fiber and laser per user. A dedicated fiber is terminated at the subscriber and active devices at the central office (CO) for a telecommunications provider. PONs are characterized by the “splitting” of the same optical fiber along the way, resulting in the sharing of the optical fiber among multiple users The fiber in a PON is designed to share between 2 to 128 users, depending upon the availability of splitters. . A PON will have less optical reach than a PTP network, which does not use splitters. Typically a PON is capable of reaching subscribers 20 kilometers (km) from the OLT, which will cover most of the population. GPON promises 2.5/1.25 Gbps asymmetrical operation. GPON supports ATM, Ethernet and WDM using a superset multi-protocol layer. GPON requires supporting a multiple protocols through translation to the native Generic Encapsulation Method (GEM) transport layer that through emulation provides support for ATM, Ethernet and WDM protocols. The important characteristics of each PON technology are defined by two important standards bodies, the IEEE and the ITU.
Dedicated Fiber to each home Central Office
Distribution Fiber
Feeder Fiber
Fig.2 (Point to point (PTP) network)
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2. Design of GPON Network
(Refer to Fig-3 – GPON Network)
2.1
The objective is to develop a network, capable to deliver 100 Mbps per each tenant. To optimize the size of network and corresponding investment to match with the demand, the line plant shall be developed, meeting the ultimate requirements.
2.2
The initial capability of delivery of the network shall be 40 Mbps, with 1:2 splitters in the central office and 1:32 at the remote end.
2.3
GPON Architecture: Network deployment & distribution architecture should enable us to provide any single service to the customer from our portfolio or 2-play / 3-play service bundles to the customers.
2.4
The following criteria's have been considered in the development of the OSP design of planning guidelines:
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • •
Scalable network Deployment of technically matured products Economical component prices Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX Ease to install, maintain and operate Quick to restore the service Minimum splice to extend reach Design FO network within 28 dB loss budget, end to end Centralized splitters Preconnectorised splitters Splitter ratio 1:2 in CO and 1:32 in remote Induction of 2F drop cables in Indoor and Outdoor SC/APC Connectivity Express SC/APC connectors drop cables Use of existing cabinet and or locations as splitter cabinet Distribution cables to be loose tube 8F/16F/24F, from Outdoor splitter cabinet Induction of UG drop cable closure, in Joint Box Splice through 1F, in the drop closures Termination of single fibers in ONT and ODF / Splitter (FDH) Cabinet
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Fig-3 – (GPON Network)
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G.PON SOLUTION SALIENT FEATURES
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HUAWEI
ALCATEL
8
Rack for Indoor Central Office
Dimensions ( D x W x H)
300 D x 600 W x 2200 H
310 D x 610 W X 2200 H
Power Distribution Unit (PDU) W/ M+SB Feeds
YES
YES
Power Redundancy
YES
YES
No. of Chassis/ Rack Back to back Installation
3
2 shelf per rack
YES
YES
530 mm × 275.80 mm × 450 mm (W x D x H).
637.5mm(H) X 515mm ( W) X 285mm (D)
YES
YES
temp -5 to + 45C
-5 to 50 degree
Dual Power Feed Fans
YES YES
Yes Yes
Alarm Indication
YES
Yes
Single Architecture Integrating ATM.IP, TDM
YES
Total Backplace capacity
184G
96GE switching fabric
1T
28GE interface capacity
16
16
2048 ONT's (16X 2 X 64)
2048 ONT's ( 16 X 2 X 64 )
28dB
28dB
4
4
SC/APC
SC/UPC
Both
Single fiber
YES
YES
YES 8* GE or FE uplink and cascading
YES
OLT
CHASSIS CPU SW redundancy Operating Temperature
Backplance Capacity Available Slots GPON Access Modules TOTAL ONT Supported/ Chassis GPON Interface
Optical Power Budget GPON Ports/ GPON Card Connector type of PON Interface Access Side Single/Dual Fiber Network Side Interface
GBE 10GBE No of OLT Interface Network Side Redundancy ONT Type POTS FE E1 Power
2* 10GE uplink and cascading
2 x 10 GE redundant mode
YES
YES
Indoor Residential/Business 2/2 4 FE / 4 FE - / 4 E1 AC / AC Table-1 (GPON Features)
Residential Outdoor/Indoor 2/2 1 FE / 2 FE -/(AC-DC) / (AC-DC)
3. Central Office (CO) Characteristics
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3.1
The Central Office (CO) houses the OLT and the ODF. The ODF room shall be selected such that to install ultimate feeder fiber capacity. An ODF extension into a second room shall be avoided at all circumstances; better shall not be allowed.
3.2
Within the CO, flexibility is the key. An optical distribution network should never be built for a single application. The ODF shall feature all functions for excellent flexibility including cross-connect and cable and jumper fiber management, particularly bend radius protection.
3.3
MDF room/or standard Cable chamber is not required for FO cables. Similarly; no Iron works are required. Use of standard cable Brackets and channels to support the cables. The end of lead-in should be placed such that the incoming Cable is possible to be routed to the cable brackets.
3.4
OLT is installed in the Central Office; in standard 19" ETSI Rack with front access for fibre termination The OLT has 2 or 3 sub racks. Each Sub-Rack supports 16 GPON cards. Each card has four ports. These are active equipments each capable to deliver 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream. The laser at the OLT is a distributed-feedback laser, and is always on.
3.5
The extent of service reach is 20 Km radius, which fully takes advantage of the long-distance coverage. Etisalat may aim to consider only 15 KM end to end. However, today with the available components the reach is limited to 12.5 Km only.
3.6
To extend the reach of GPON, the split ratio to be reduced to 1:32 bypassing the (1:2) splitter at the CO.
3.7
For the point to point architecture, is capable of delivering 2.5 Gbps through a direct single fiber to the customer.
3.8
In the case of point to multi point, the final delivery of bandwidth at the customer end depends upon the total number of splits along the route.
3.9
CO surround tenants within 500 M can be served from CO building itself instead of installing outdoor cabinets-FDH(O) in the vicinity, if the lead-in ducts and the space are available in the CO.
3.10 OLT (CO) Location Selection Criteria are:
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Router Location (OLT & Router are Preferred to be in the same location), wherever possible. •Ideally placed in High density area •The proposed Central Office building shall be (new, or recent building i.e. not marked for demolishing, space should be available for the ODF). •Duct space availability • Aim to serve 15 Km cable distance. •FO Junction route/cable availability •No Overlapping: OLTs to be considered for all Exchanges, avoiding overlaps of serving areas, as much as possible. •
3.11 The following scenarios may be considered while selecting the OLT Location [ Refer to Fig.4 below: CO location ]: 1. Utilize the existing AN cable (if available) to serve any new site by deploying the FDH within the CO Old Boundary. 2. Extend the CO AN network outside the old boundary to serve any new area by FDH deployment within the CO Boundary. 3. Existing Copper/Fiber Cabinet in another exchange area: FDH Change over to be considered by utilizing the existing junction cable/route. For changeover, jointing in the Zero Manhole of the exchange to be considered (without any ODF Termination). 4. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manhole to the adjacent area and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, within the exchange boundary. 5. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manhole to the adjacent area and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, outside the exchange boundary. 6&7. Utilize the junction cable wherever possible to serve any new areas near the Central Office Exchange.
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Zero Manhole
JB
Zero Manhole
3
AN Cable
AN Cable
Junction Cable
JB
5 FDH
New Area within 15Km
Exchange boundary
Junction Cable
Zero Manhole
FDH
CO
Zero Manhole
JB
Exchange boundary
JB
Junction Cable JB
AN Cable
1
FDH
FDH 7
6
Central Office old boundary
AN Cable 2
4
Zero Manhole
FDH
JB
FDH
New Area within 15Km
Central Office Boundary
Fig-4 (Central Office Location-Example)
4. Optical Passive Splitter 4.1
Multiples of Optical Splitter (1:2) are proposed to be installed in a single stand alone 1U Uni Rack module, placed in the Central Office, simplifies the future upgrade and is scalable, for higher band width delivery. Typical insertion loss is 3.7 dB (max). Insertion loss uniformity is 0.6 dB. The size is about 3.6 mm dia X 48 mm long.
4.2
To increase the bandwidth from (40 Mbps) to (80 Mbps), the (1:2) splitter in the CO shall be bypassed and connected to OLT-port direct.
4.3
Optical Splitter (1:32) is a stand alone I U UniRack unit. with all ports pre conectorised. These can be installed in an Indoor ODF (in the Telecom Room of the High Rise Building or in the outdoor Cabinet to serve Villas & Small Buildings. These are suitable for installation in the standard 19” ETSI rack. Typical insertion loss is 17.2 dB. Insertion loss uniformity is 1.7 dB. The size is about 7L X 6W X 60H mm.
4.4
The Optical Splitter (2:32) is still not a matured product. The loss today is 18.6 dB. Definition of high rise buildings is a structure, where direct fiber enters to the buildings, ie splitter inside the building.
4.5
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4.6
Definition of small buildings & Villas is a group of small buildings or group of villas where external cabinets with splitters inside the cabinets shall serve the group of buildings and villas.
4.7
In the residential area, villas types, Optical Splitter (1:32) Uni Rack unit is recommended to be placed in Outdoor Cabinet, nearer to Customers, to minimize the length of the distribution cables, to simplify the construction process and to save expense. Please refer to Figure-10.
4.8
For up to G+3 / 5 storey buildings (Scenario I), a Wall mounted splitter unit, is suitable for in-buildings installation, where the number of tenants is less than 32 customers. The unit has a splice tray for the incoming UG cable, a 1:32 pre connectorised Splitter ports, and provision to terminate 32 Drop cables. This has also SC/APC Connectivity. Please refer to Figure-12.
4.9
For small buildings (Scenario II), where the numbers of tenants are far less than 32 customers, these may be served from an Outdoor FDH Cabinet as shown in Fig-13.
4.10 The formula to arrive at the total No of splitter Required per cabinet area = 5th year Tenancy Forecast divided by 32, However Fiber Cables To be planned based on 20th year forecast, than 5th year forecast. Advantage of Centralized Splitters OLT Efficiency •Network Testing and Maintenance Ability •Splitter Signal Loss minimization •Flexibility •Protection •Minimizing the number of splitters •
5. Diversity 5.1
Diversity to be customer specific and cost basis.
5.2
Where the diversity is required for a Palace, Airport, Sea port, Defense, VVIP, Police, Hospital, etc the fiber can be routed in two different routes at recharge cost. The OLT is typically at the CO but can also be sited in a remote location. The double input splitters to be considered as and when available.
5.3
To plan as a single ring topology, where diversity is required, for ease in design, construction, maintenance and operation, instead of Rings and sub-rings
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5.4
The feeder cable section from OLT to splitter can be protected by using (2:32) splitter and OLT port and feeder fiber should be doubled, leaving the shorter cable section (distribution cable from splitter to ONT) in star form and unprotected. Refer to Fig.5
ONT
2:N 1
LT(1)
n
LT(1)
LT(1) OLT LT(2) ONT
ODF
CPE
Cabinet feede r ring
distribution star
drop cable star
Fig.5 (Feeder Ring)
6. Fiber Optic Cable Development & Civil work (Refer to Fig-6, 10, 11, 12, 13)
Green Field: 6.1
Considering the future F.O. based GPON technology and to cope with future prospective services demand, the network development shall be planned on fiber optic cable from the OLT in Central Office to the ONT in the Customer premises.
6.2
Fiber Optic Cables, Splitter Cabinet & civil (ducts, joint boxes, etc) shall be proposed in the most economical way.
6.3
The OSP fiber counts from the Central Office shall be of a suitable size, to ensure meeting the future capacity requirements.
6.4 An Overall contingency of 25% fibers, rounded to the nearest higher cable size shall be provisioned in the main cable to meet the unforeseen demand. 6.5
Fiber cables shall be planned, considering manhole, joint box section length and considering the drum length. The joints may please be planned in such a way the cable cut length returned shall not be less than 750 m.
6.6
The various main cable sizes and drum lengths available in the contract are listed under annexure.
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6.7
Requirements of direct fibres for business establishment are also to be considered, while sizing the main cables.
6.8
For GSM Sites, an 8F cable to be considered; deployed in Ring Route. Although cable size recommended is 8F, 4F to be considered from each side
6.9
The spare fibers available in the Junction Cable Network to be utilized to connect, OLTs in one exchange area and ONTs in the other Exchanges.
6.10 The duct network shall be considerably reduced and the corresponding joint box / manholes can also be r educed, as the number of FO cables that would be installed shall be far less than the legacy copper network. 6.11 Accordingly, the ducts shall be reduced to maximum 2W D54 and Joint Boxes up to JRC12. A joint box of size JRC14 and manholes be considered, only if the same cannot be avoided. 6.12 As for as possible the joints in the main cable, may not be planned to be operated frequently to divert or put through fibers. The main joint closures have 4 in ports and 4 out ports, which can be used for multiple dropping of distribution cables (upto 24F) 6.13 The loose tube joint closures are suitable upto 24F loose tube fibres. These have 2 entries on either side, total 4 entries. 6.14 The drop closures are recommended to be installed inside joint boxes, close to group of villas or as per site requirements. These have single entry on one side and 24+ outlets for drop cables. 6.15 Regions shall propose the joint location for maximum utilization of full drum length to avoid short cut lengths. 6.16 Target to deploy FTTH to be set Region wise and areas to be identified by the Regions. 6.17 To deploy FTTH in green areas and brown areas alike. 6.18 To continue with Fiber laying in all Green and Brown areas.
Brown Field:
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6.19 FTTH deployment in city centers areas may be given preference over remote areas. 6.20 To migrate all brown areas from legacy to FTTH in phases, and according to resources available in the Regions, over the next 3-5 year. 6.21 Fibers already laid for local networks shall be considered while developing the GPON network. 6.22 The spare fibers installed for CATV Network shall be used for the deployment of GPON network. CATV initial installations were 16F in two routes and later 8F in two routes. As there will no new CATV nodes installed, all spare fibers are available for FTTH network. 6.23 To prevent additional expenses in civil work, all infrastructures existing is proposed to be used as far as possible. 6.24 All the existing Outdoor FO cabinets, CATV Nodes and Copper cabinets, shall be checked to accommodate the splitters and other cables 6.25 While installing Fibers in the existing copper Cabinets, working lines and corresponding terminations may be preserved and recovered only on demand for induction of additional services/bundled services through GPON or any other technical reasons. This may warrant rearrangement of copper terminations, air blocks and recovery of few verticals. 6.26 Where there are no duct spaces available and the distances are short, fiber may be shared along with the existing copper cables, if possible through a sub duct.
Warehouses Brown Field
Green Field
Existing Copper
Outdoor FDH Cabinet
Proposed Fiber
Fig-6 (Green & Brown Fields)
7. Distribution cables & Drop cables
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(Refer to Fig-7, Fig-8 & Fig-9)
16
7.1
From the splitter 1:32 located in the Outdoor F O Cabinet location, distribution cable (loose tube) sizes 24F, 16F and 8F combinations may be considered, depending upon the grouping of villas, number and locations.
7.2
The drop cables are 2F construction. The closures are capable of accommodation 12/24 drop cables. In the Villas & Small Buildings where the outdoor cabinet FDH(O) to be deployed; distribution cable (Loose tube) may be considered as outgoing cables. It is recommended that one fiber of the drop cable should be spliced through in the loose tube cable, so that one fiber is through to the splitter location and the other one shall be stumped (inside the closure).
7.3
For the Overhead distribution, the scenario generally remains the same, as the cable distributions are from a cabinet and the drop distribution from drop closures.
7.4
The drop cables shall be suitably labeled.
7.5
In the case of single villas, Etisalat shall extend and terminate the drop cable, in the Micro ODF in Green & brown Fields.
7.6
In Green Field the building owner shall install a minimum of 2 core fiber Drop Cables, from the main telecom room ODF Location to the ONT (Micro-ODF) of each Flat / premises. Installer has to leave an extra length of 3 M of cable on either end for terminations.
7.7
No splices are allowed between the Telecom Room and Flats.
7.8 All tenants shall be fiber enabled up to the Micro-ODF, near/inside the box of the proposed ONT (1 for operation and 1 for maintenance purposes) 7.9
Vendors to be encouraged to stock and sale to Builders In-building wiring hard wares.
8. Sizing of Main FO Cables and number of fiber calculation &
Attenuation 8.1
(See Table-2 & Table-3)
In general, every splitter requires a single fiber from OLT and a single fiber from the splitter to ONT.
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8.2
The life of the fibers is about 40 years and we should aim to provide cable network which will support all future demands. Further, the cost of fiber is comparatively, far less than the cost of the Duct space. Hence, it is recommended that the provision of the number of fibers may equal to at least 20 year tenants forecasted, unlike 3-6 years for E-side copper cable and 10 years for D-side copper cable.
8.3
The Table below to be used, to find the sizing of the main FO cable per cabinet. The provision of cable shall be based on 20 th year tenants Forecast.
8.4
The total number of splitter requirement per cabinet shall be based on 5th year tenants forecast.
8.5
25% spare fibres shall be considered in the feeder cable size, for future requirements, maintenance, etc.
8.6
Number of Splitter per Cabinet = No of Tenants / Split Ratio (1:32)
8.7
From the above Equation, the total number of splitters can be used to identify the fiber cable size, maximum expansion and Remaining fiber as shown in table 1:
Fiber Calculation for Indoor / Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) Spare Fiber / FO Number of Tenants Number of Splitters Remaining Fiber Cable Size Max Max Min Min Max Min Expansion Expansion Required 32 1 7F 64 2 6F 192 6 8F 2F 96 3 5F 128 4 4F 160 * 5 11F 192 * 6 10F 224 7 9F 384 12 16F 4F 256 8 8F 288 9 7F 320 10 6F 352 ** 11 13F 384 ** 12 12F 416 13 11F 576 18 24F 6F 448 14 10F 480 15 9F 512 16 8F Table-2 (Fiber Calculation) * Although 8F seems enough for the above mentioned tenants, but it is preferred to use 16F cable size , with respective to the future demand. ** Same can be applied for min number of splitter (11&12), preferred to use 24F.
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8.8
The following Parameters should be taken into account while calculation the dB budget loss of the network. ATTENUATION ON FIBER (dB) Wavelength 1260- 1650 nm Loss dB Type Max
Location
Exchange
OSP
Cab/Bldg
Sub Premises
8.9
1
Splitter 1:2
3.6
2
OLT Connector Loss
0.4
3
ODF Connector Loss
0.4
4
Splice Loss /splice
0.01
5
Cable Loss / km
0.35
6
Splitter 1:32
17.2
7
Splitter 2:32
18.6
8
ODF Connector Loss
Remarks
0.4
9
Drop cable loss / km
0.35
10
Fast Connector Loss
0.4
11
ONT Connector Loss Table-3 (dB Budget Loss)
0.4
The loss allowance has the same value both in the downstream and upstream direction.
9. ODF/Mini-ODF/Micro-ODF Installation and Termination 9.1
ODFs are standard 19" inch ETSI Rack and can accommodate multiples of Uni Rack of height 1U (4.44 cm) or 2U (8.88 cm) etc. these have varying termination capacities for FC and SC Connectivity. Usually installed in central office and in the telecom rooms of high rise building.
9.2
At present, these have 24 SC/APC ports per IU and 72 SC/ APC ports in 2U Uniracks. Efforts are being made to increase the number of ports per IU and 2U Uniracks.
9.3
For cross connecting the fibers between UG Cable (main Cable), Splitter output and Drop cables/Distribution cable, patch cords in different lengths and connectivities are available for use.
9.4
All ODFs supply, installation, termination and jumperings shall be by Etisalat for Green and Brown Fields.
9.5
Where the building has less than 32 customers, a wall mounted splitter FDH (indoor type) is more suitable. The unit will serves as a Mini-ODF with splitter assembly and facility to terminate drop cables. See Annex-4
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9.6
The drop fibers can be terminated in the Micro ODF near ONT with an Express connector.
9.7
In the existing building, Micro-ODF can be installed in the wall close to ONT.
9.8
In the new building, Micro-ODF can be installed inside the ONT Distribution Box recessed in the wall.
9.9
Battery life support for the ONT shall be left to the discretion of the Subscriber. Etisalat shall not under take the responsibility of installation and maintenance of these batteries.
10. Outdoor - Fiber Distribution HUB (FDH )
(Refer to Fig-6 & Fig-7)
10.1 The Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) provides for connections between fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters in the OSP environment. 10.2 The (FDH) utilize standard SC/APC to interconnect feeder and distribution cables via 1:32 optical splitters and connectors. 10.3 The (FDH) is placed strategically in the FTTH network to facilitate service connection specified for a particular fiber serving area. 10.4 These (FDH) provide environmental and mechanical protection for cables, splices, connectors and passive optical splitters. 10.5 The FDH(O) capacity and requirements are attached in the annexure 3. )Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub (O/FDH Feeder Module
Splitter
Distribution Module Pigtails
SC/APC Type Connectivity in ODF
Customers Premises )(Villas
UG Joint Boxes with Drop Closure 2Fx8
8F
ONTs 32
Drop Closure 2Fx12
Pigtails Feeder cable from CO
2Fx12 24F
16F Loose Tube
Drop Closure
Patch Cord Patch 1:32 Cords
(Drop Cables (1F working + 1F Dark
Fig-7 (Outdoor FDH & Cable Distribution - Example)
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FO Drop Cables Distributions
Outdoor Fiber Distribution
Hub Customer Premises
Drop Closures 2F Drop Cables
16F Cable 24F Cable 24F Cable
Fig-8 (FO Drop Cables Distributions - Example)
11. Indoor- Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH)
Lead/in Joint Boxes
(Refer to Fig-9)
11.1 The indoor FDH is designed to organize and administer fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters in an indoor environment typically suitable for high rise buildings and are placed in the telecom Room. 11.2 These FDHs are used to inter connect main cables and drop cables via optical splitters in a FTTH network application, within a building environment.
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)Indoor Fiber Distribution Hub (I/FDH Feeder Module
Splitter
Drop Module Pigtails 32
SC/APC Type Connectivity in ODF
Riser 2Fx32 Drop Cables
Customers Premises )(Flats 32xONTs
Pigtails Feeder cable from CO
16F Loose Tube
Patch Cord Patch 1:32 Cords
1F terminated & 1F Left in PC drawer
)Drop Cables (1F working + 1F Dark
Fig-9 (Indoor FDH & Drop Cables Distribution - Example)
12.
Villa/Flat ONT, Distribution box, SCS & Socket
12.1 The terminal at the subscriber's end of the network is the ONT or Optical Network terminal. The ONT has 2 pots port, 2 to 4 Ethernet ports. Currently we have two suppliers (viz) ALCATEL and HUAWEI. The number and type port varies as per type and model and brand. Please refer to attached data sheet (See Table-1) for details. 12.2 ONT is indoor type only and installed when service order is printed. 12.3 ONT policy: ONT is Etisalat property. And the services are provided to the customer through that ONT. 12.4 In green area, a cabinet flush mounted on wall shall be provided by the builders. The size of the cabinet shall be of minimum size 12 U high, 600mm width and 300mm depth which will house the Optical network termination (ONT), power sockets and patch panel / IDC modules and battery. The cabinet shall be dedicated per each villa/office/residential flat. The location shall be suitable for technician’s access, when required. Slimmer cabinets when available shall be advised. 12.5 The location of the Indoor ONT Distribution Box shall be at a common point, where all the internal conduits meet and the structured cabling system (SCS) on a star topology can be installed. However, the farthest socket shall not exceed 90 M from the ONT. 12.6 The Structured cables used for the inside wiring must comply with minimum CAT-6 standards.
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12.7 All SCS cables are to be properly labeled and terminated, in the RJ45 sockets and in Patch panel or in CAT-6 compliant IDC Modules, by the Owners for Green Field. 12.8 The supply and termination of UTP cables on Patch panel or IDC modules and sockets location shall be the responsibility of the installers/owners for Green Field. 12.9 Dedicated ‘In house’ or ‘Vendor Based’ Training for Planners, Technicians, Jointers, UTP wiring and termination technicians, Supervisors for contract works, NOC release planners and Building Inspectors to be arranged.
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GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to Villas Central Office Outside Plant No. of card/Chassis = 16 No. of Port/card = 4 No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048 No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096
OLT FO
Splitter (1:32) x N
8F/16F/24F Feeder Loose Tube
FO 48F/1000F Ribbon
1:2 Splitter
Outdoor FDH Cabinet
Joint Box
ODF
Inside Villa
SC/APC type Connectivity in ODFs JB with Drop Closure
2F Drop Cable
8F/16 F / 24F Distribution Loose tube
N x RJ45 Socket
Cassette / Micro-ODF
CAT-6 90m Max
ONT
STB
Fig-10 (Cable to Villas Structure)
GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to High Rise Building Central Office No. of card/Chassis = 16 No. of Port/card = 4 No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048 No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096
ODF
OLT FO
Outside Plant
Inside Flat Indoor FDH Cabinet
Joint Box
FO 48F/1000F Ribbon
1:2 Splitter
Telecom Room
SC/APC type Connectivity in ODFs
Splitter (1:32) x N 8F/16F/24F Feeder Loose Tube
2F Drop Cable
N x RJ45 Socket
Cassette / Micro-ODF
CAT-6
ONT
90m Max
STB
Fig-11 (Cable to High Rise Building Structure)
GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to G+3/5 Building (Less than 32 Customers) – Scenario I Central Office No. of card/Chassis = 16 No. of Port/card = 4 No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048 No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096
ODF
OLT FO 1:2 Splitter
Outside Plant
Telecom Room
SC/APC type Connectivity in ODFs
Inside Flat Indoor FDH Cabinet Wall Mounted Type
Joint Box
FO
48F/1000F Ribbon
)Splitter (1:32 8F Feeder Loose Tube
2F Drop Cable
N x RJ45 Socket
Cassette / Micro-ODF
CAT-6
ONT
90m Max
STB
Fig-12 (Cable to Building Structure – Less than 32 Customers)
GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to Small Building (Less than 32 Customers) – Scenario II Central Office No. of card/Chassis = 16 No. of Port/card = 4 No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048 No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096
Outside Plant SC/APC type Connectivity in ODFs
Inside Flat
JB with Outdoor FDH Cabinet Joint Drop Cassette / Splitter (1:32) x N Box Closure Micro-ODF 8F/16F/24F Feeder 2F Loose Tube Drop Cable 8F/16 F / 24F 48F/1000F Ribbon ONT Distribution Loose tube
N x RJ45 Socket
No. of Customer (1:64) = 2,048 ODF OLT FO
FO
1:2 Splitter
CAT-6 90m Max
STB
Fig-13 (Cable to Building Structure – Less than 32 Customers)
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STANDARD CABLE DRUM LENGTH (Fiber Optic Cables)
SIC
Cable Drum Diameter Length (mm) (Meter)
Spec.
Size
FCS1
JF - 4F
11.5
7890111313
FCS1
JF - 8F
11.5
7890111321
FCS1
JF - 16F
11.5
7890111330
FCS1
11.5
7892100483
FCS4-A
7892100726
FCS4-A
7892101005
FCS4-A
7892102001
FCS4-A
7892103008
FCS4-A
7892104004
FCS4-A
7892106007
FCS4-A
7892108000
FCS4-A
7892110004
FCS4-A
JF - 24F Ribbon 48F Ribbon 72F Ribbon 100F Ribbon 200F Ribbon 300F Ribbon 400F Ribbon 600F Ribbon 800F Ribbon 1000F
Un-Armoured 7890111305
3100
13.5 14.5 14.5 19.0 23.0
3000
24.0 24.0 30.0 30.0
Armoured 7890111518
FCS1 / CS8
JF 8F
18.0
7890111526
FCS1 / CS8
JF 16F
18.0
7890111534
FCS1 / CS8
18.0
7892110489
FCS4-A / CS8
7892110721
FCS4-A / CS8
7892111000
FCS4-A / CS8
JF 24F Ribbon 48F Ribbon 72F Ribbon 100F
3100
18.0 20.0
2000
20.0
Aerial 7880004004
FCS3
*4F
11.0
7880008000
FCS3
*8F
11.0
7880016002
FCS3
16F
21.0
7880024005
FCS3
24F
21.0
Indoor 7890111402
FCS1
JF 4F
11.0
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4100
1000
25
7890111410
FCS1
JF 8F
11.0
7890111429
FCS1
JF 16F
11.0
7890111437
FCS1
JF 24F
11.0
7892120484
FCS4-A
48F
13.0
7892120727
FCS4-A
72F
14.0
7892121006
FCS4-A
100F
18.0
7892122002
FCS4-A
200F
18.0
7892123009
FCS4-A
300F
23.0
7892124005
FCS4-A
400F
23.0
7892126008
FCS4-A
600F
23.0
7850111024
FCS9 (Indoor)
2F
3.1x2mm
7850112024
FCS10 (Outdoor)
2F
3.1x2mm
new
FCS9 or FCS10
**4F
3.8x3mm
new
FCS9 or FCS10
**6F
3.8x3mm
new
FCS9 or FCS10
**8F
3.8x3mm
Drop Cable
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1000
26
* 4F & 8F Aerial Cables are not to be ordered any more. ** 4F, 6F & 8F Drop Cables are not contracted items.
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FTTH ITEMS WITH PRICE S/No
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
1
5107500402
TOOL KIT FOR FIELD INSTALLABLE CONNECTOR FOR DROP CABLE
2
7808101013
ROSETTE INDOOR CABINET FOR DROP CABLE TERMINATION
3
7814101024
SPLITTER OPTICAL FIBER 1:2 PLC
4
7814101324
SPLITTER OPTICAL FIBER 1:32 PLC
5
7814805013
TUBING FIBER 4MM FOR FIBER PROTECTION (50 METER ROLL)
6
7814805024
TUBING FIBER 5MM FOR FIBER PROTECTION (50 METER ROLL)
7
7814810013
TUBI NG SPIRAL 4MM FOR FI BERS (50 METER ROLL)
8
7850110013
CABINET OUT DOOR 1.1MX1.1MX0.4M FOR FTTH MDU
9
7850111013
E-CONNECTOR FAST FIELD FOR FTTH CABLES & JOINTS
10
7892102001
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 200 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED
11
7892103008
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 300 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED
12
7892104004
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 400 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED
13
7892106007
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 600 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED
14
7892108002
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 800 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMOURED
15
7892110002
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 1000 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMOURE
16
7892122002
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 200 FIBER INDOOR- RIBBON TYPE- SPEC. FCS4(
17
7892123009
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 300 FIBER INDOOR- RIBBON TYPE- SPEC. FCS4(
18
7892124005
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 400 FIBER INDOOR FCS4
19
7892126008
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 600F INDOOR
20
7892601008
JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 100FIBER MS12
21
7892602004
JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 200FIBER MS12
22
7892603000
JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 300FIBER MS12
23
7892604007
JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 400FIBER MS12
24
7892606000
JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 600FIBER MS12
25
7892608002
JOINT DUCT 800F RIBBON CABLE 2178LS(1)+2523(7)+2521RF(25)+21
26
7892610007
JOI NT DUCT RI BBON CABLE 1000FI BER MS12A
27
7850111024
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 2F DROP INDOOR FOR FTTH
28
7850112024
CABLE FIBER OPTIC 2F DROP OUT DOOR FOR FTTH
29
7850140013
JOI NT CLOSURE DUCT FO DROP CABLE 2F FOR FTTH
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