Glosario Normas SIA (Suiza)

1

TERMINOLOGY

1.1

Technical terms In the present code the technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms are defined in SIA 260. Specific technical terms are defined in SIA 261 to 267.

Acceleration force

Force resulting from the acceleration of vehicles.

Anfahrk raft fo rce due au démarrage forza di stacco

Axle group

Group of two or more axle loads.

A chslastgruppe groupe de charges d’essieu carico per gruppo d’assi

Axle load

Load applied by one axle through two or more wheels.

A chslast charge d’essieu carico per asse

Braking force

Force resulting from the deceleration of vehicles.

B remskraft fo rce due au freinage forza di frenat o

Contact surface Aufstandsfläche surface d’application superficie d’applicazione

Dead load

Surface over which a concentrated force is applied to the structure.

Load due to the mass of the structure.

Eigenlast poids proper peso proprio

Design earthquake Bemessungsbeben séisme de dimensionnement terremoto di dimensionamento

Earthquake to be assumed in seismic design, whose effect is described by means of the design spectrum.

Bemessungsspektru m spectre de dimensionnement spettro di dimensionamento

Value of horizontal ground acceleration used in the earthquake dimensioning situation, based on the elastic response spectrum and related to the acceleration of gravity, presented as a function of the period of vibration and the deformational behaviour of the structure.

Design speed

Planned maximum speed for the use of a railway or road section.

Design spectrum

Ausbaugeschwindigkeit vitesse de base velocità di base

Elastic response spectrum Elastisches Antwo rtspektru m spectre de réponse élastique spetro elastico di risposta

Equivalent force method Ersatzkraftverfahren méthode des fo rces de remplacement metodo della forza sostitutiva

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Maximum displacement of a single degree of freedom system with a specific damping ratio and eigenfrequency under a given excitation. Simplified method of structural analysis for earthquake action, applicable to sufficiently stiff and regular structural systems.

SIA 261, Copyright © 2003 by SIA Zurich

Explosion Explosion explosion esplosione

Fire compartment B randabschnitt compartiment coupe-feu compartimento tagliafuico

Fire resistance Feuerwiderstand résistance au feu resistenza al fuoco

Group of actions Einwirkungsgruppe groupe d’actions gruppo d’azioni

Impact

Volume expansion having a destructive effect due to the fast chemical reactions of a material and the subsequent formation of gases and their rapid spread. Area of building covering one or more floors, enclosed by bounding structural members in such a way that the spread of the fire to other parts of the building is prevented during the critical fire action. Ability of a structural member to ensure the required structural safety, to prevent the spreading of fire and/or to limit the temperature rise for a given period under standard fire conditions. Correlated actions to be considered together either as leading or as accompanying actions, such as vehicle loads, acceleration, braking and centrifugal forces. Collision of a moving body with the structure.

Anprall choc u rt o

Live load

Load arising from the use of a structure.

Nutzlast charge utile carico utile

Load

Force acting on a structure due to gravity.

Last charge carico

Load model Lastmodell modèl de charge modello di carico

Nosing force Schlingerk raft fo rce de lacet forza di sepeggiamento

Operational load factor Betriebslastfaktor facteur de correction (fatigue) fattore di correzione (fatica)

Prestress Vo rspannung précontrainte p recompressione

Response factor Verhaltensbeiwert coefficient de réponse structurale coefficiente di comportamento

Response spectrum method Antwo rtspektrumverfahren méthode du spectre de réponse metodo dello spettro di risposta

Return period Wiederkehrperiode période de retour periodo di ritorn o


Idealised representation of the effect of loads and forces on a structure.

Equivalent static force to take into account the lateral impact resulting from the rolling motion of track vehicles.

Factor for fatigue verification taking into account the volume and the composition of traffic, the structural system and the number of stress reversals. Effect of the forces applied to a structure or structural member in a controlled manner through the tensioning of prestressing steel. Factor to take into account the deformational behaviour of a structure under earthquake action.

General method of structural analysis for earthquake action, in which the structural vibrations excited by the design earthquake and their contribution to the global dynamic behaviour of the structure are investigated. Reciprocal of probability of recurrence of a given event within a specified period of time.

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Self-weight of non-structural elements Au flasten poids propre des éléments non-porteur peso proprio degli elementi non portanti

Site temperature

Loads generated by non load-bearing components (e.g. roofing, surfacing and coverings, partitions and linings, handrails, safety barriers, parapets and kerbs, wall cladding, suspended ceilings, thermal insulation and sealing) or permanent fittings (e.g. elevators and escalators, technical installations for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, electrical equipment, pipes without their content, cable ducts) as well as, for example, by earth fill or track ballast. Air temperature at the location of a structure.

Ortstemperatur température du lieu temperatura del luogo

Snow load

Load due to snow.

Schneelast charge de neige carico della neve

Usable area

Area in a building planned for a particular use.

Nutzfläche surface utile superficie utile

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1

TERMINOLOGY

1.1

Technical terms In the present code the specific technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms used here are defined in SIA 260 and SIA 261. Additive Zusatzstoff ajout aggiunta

Admixture Zusatzmittel adjuvant additivo

Aggregate Gesteinskö rnung granulat aggregat i

Anchorage length Verankerungslänge longueur d’ancrage lunghezza d’ancoraggio

Anchorage zone Ankerzone zone d’ancrage zona di ancoraggio

Bar bundle Stabbündel groupement de barres fascio d’armature

Bar spacing

Fine pozzuolanic or latent hydraulic substance for influencing concrete properties.

Chemical substance which is added during the mixing process to influence the concrete or grout properties.

Mixture of grains of different sizes, obtained from natural sources or through the recycling of construction materials or artificially produced, for use in concrete or mortar. Transmission length required to transfer the reinforcing force to the concrete.

Highly stressed zone in the immediate vicinity of a prestressing anchorage.

Two or three contacting reinforcing bars running in the same direction.

Distance between axes of parallel reinforcing bars.

Stababstand espacement des barres interasse dei ferr i

Compression field Dru ck feld champ de compression campo di compressione

Parallel stress field of uniaxial compression with uniform stress intensity.

Beton béton calcestruzzo

Construction material produced of cement, aggregate (maximum grain size greater than 4 mm) and water, possibly with the addition of additives and admixtures, which acquires its properties through the hydration of the cement.

Concrete overlay

Layer of concrete applied to an existing structural member.

Concrete

Überbeton surbéton calcestruzzo di ricoprimento

Cover concrete

Layer of concrete between reinforcement and concrete surface.

Überdeckungsbeton béton d’enrobage calcestruzzo di copriferro


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Cover of reinforcement Bewehrungsüberdeckung enrobage de l’armature copriferro

Cover reinforcement

Distance between the surface of the reinforcement and the surface of the concrete.

Additional reinforcement within the cover concrete.

Überdeckungsbewehrung armature de peau armatura del copriferro

Creep

Strain increase due to persistent stress.

Kriechen fluage scorrimento viscoso

Designed concrete Beton nach Eigenschaften béton à perfo rmance spécifiée calcestruzzo a prestazione garantita

Deviator

Concrete whose required properties and additional requirements are the responsibility of the producer.

Structural member for deviating prestressing tendons.

Umlenkelement élément de déviation deviatore

Duct

Metal or plastic tube for sheathing prestressing steel.

Hüllrohr gaine guaina

Edge distance of reinforcement Randabstand der Bewehrung distance au nu de l’armature distanza armatura - superficie

Edge element

Distance between the axis of the reinforcement and the surface of the concrete.

Strengthened edge zone of a shear wall.

Randelement zone de bord zona di borda

Effective depth statische Höhe hauteur statique altezza statica

Endurance limit Dauerfestigkeit limite de fatigue limite di fatica

Equipment Ausrüstung equipement infrastruttura

Exposure class Expositionsklasse classe d’exposition classe d’esposizione

Fan Fächer éventail ventaglio

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Distance between the axis of gravity of the tensile reinforcement and the compressed edge of the cross-section.

Fatigue strength corresponding to an unlimited number of stress reversals.

Parts of the construction works, such as carriageway joints, bearings, drains, railings etc., which are usually installed afterwards.

Classification category for structural members which describes the environmental influences and the resulting risks with respect to durability. Fan-shaped stress field of uniaxial compression with variable stress intensity.


Fatigue strength curve Betriebsfestigkeitskurve courbe de résistance à la fatigue curva della resistenza alla fatica

Fibre reinforced concrete

Double logarithmic representation of the fatigue strength as a function of the number of stress reversals.

Faserbeton béton renfo rcé de fibres calcestruzzo fibrorinforzat o

Concrete with reinforcement in the form of admixed metallic, non-metallic, inorganic or organic fibres, which in comparison with the maximum grain size of the aggregate are of similar length and very thin.

Finite fatigue life

Fatigue strength for a limited number of stress reversals.

Zeitfestigkeit résistance à la fatigue resistenza alla fatica

Force spreading zone K raftausbreitungszone zone de diffusion des fo rces zona di diffusione della forza

Fresh concrete Frischbeton béton frais calcestruzzo fresco

Grout

Zone adjacent to an anchorage zone which serves to spread the prestressing force within the structural member.

Concrete after mixing, as long as it can be worked, prior to achieving stability of form.

Construction material for filling ducts.

Füllgut matériau d’injection materiale d’iniezione

Hardened concrete

Concrete which has largely or completely hardened.

Festbeton béton durc i calcestruzzo indurito

Heavyweight concrete

Concrete with a density of over 2600 kg/m3.

Sch werbeton béton lourd calcestruzzo pesante

Lightweight concrete

Concrete with a density of 800 to 2000 kg/m3.

Leichtbeton béton léger calcestruzzo leggero

Mortar Mörtel mortier malta

Node

Construction material produced of cement, aggregate (maximum grain size no greater than 4 mm) and water, possibly with the addition of additives and admixtures. Highly bi- or triaxially stressed zone within a stress field.

Knoten nœud nodo

Normalweight concrete

Concrete with a density of 2000 to 2600 kg/m3.

Normalbeton béton normal calcestruzzo normale

Overstrength Überfestigkeit surrésistance s ov raresistenza


Difference between the characteristic strength value and the strength assumed under earthquake action.

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Precast concrete element Betonfertigteil élément préfabriqué elemento prefabbricat o

Prescribed concrete Beton nach Zusammensetzung béton à composition prescrite calcestruzzo a composizione

Prestress Vo rspannung précontrainte p recompressione

Prestressed concrete Spannbeton béton précontraint calcestruzzo precompresso

Prestressing anchorage Spannverankerung ancrage de précontrainte testa d’ancoraggio

Prestressing force Spannkraft fo rce de précontrainte forza di precompressione

Prestressing steel Spannstahl acier de précontrainte acciaio di precompressione

Prestressing system Spannsystem système de précontrainte sistema di precompressione

Prestressing tendon Spannglied unité de précontrainte cavo di precompressione

Pretensioning Spannbettverfahren précontrainte par fils adhérents p re-tensione

Reinforced concrete

Reinforced or prestressed concrete member which is prefabricated at a factory or on site and is subsequently installed in its final position. Concrete whose composition and constituent materials are prescribed to the producer.

Effect of the forces applied to a structure or structural member in a controlled manner through the tensioning of prestressing steel.

Concrete whose reinforcement consists partially of tensioned prestressing steel.

Structural member for applying and anchoring a prestressing force.

Tensile force which is applied to prestressing steel for the purpose of prestressing.

Steel in the form of wires, strands and bars which is suitable for use in a prestressing tendon or for pretensioning.

Prestressing tendons and deviators together with associated equipment such as jacks and grouting equipment.

Reinforcing element consisting of tensioned prestressing steel, prestressing anchorages, duct and grout.

Prestressing method in which the prestressing steel is tensioned before concreting.

Concrete whose reinforcement consists of reinforcing steel.

Stahlbeton béton armé calcestruzzo armat o

Reinforcement Bewehrung armature armatura

Reinforcing steel

Insertions in concrete, usually of reinforcing steel and prestressing steel.

Steel which is suitable for use as non-prestressed reinforcement.

Betonstahl acier d’armature passive acciaio d’armatura

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Relative rib area bezogene Rippenfläche surface relat ive projetée des nervures superficie relat iva delle nervature

Relaxation Relaxation relaxation rilassamento

Shotcrete Spritzbeton béton projeté calcestruzzo spruzzat o

Shrinkage Schwinden retrait ritiro

Steel fibre reinforced concrete

Ratio between the projected area of the ribs and the surface area of reinforcing steel bars.

Stress decrease in prestressed steel whose length is kept constant.

Concrete produced by dry- or wet-mixing and placed and compacted by spraying.

Decrease in the volume of concrete caused by drying, and, at low water-cement ratios, due to hydration of the cement.

Fibre reinforced concrete with steel fibre reinforcement.

Stahlfaserbeton béton renfo rcé de fibres métalliques calcestruzzo con fibre d’acciaio

Stress field Spannungsfeld champ de contrainte campo di tensione

Stress redistribution Schnittgrössenumlagerung redistribution des sollicitations ridistribuzione degli sforzi

Strut Dru ckstrebe bielle de compression biella in compressione

Verification section

Model of the force flow within the structural member or structure, represented by nodes, compression fields, struts, fans and ties.

Change in the internal forces and moments of a statically indeterminate system determined on the assumption of linear elastic behaviour, characterised by superposition of a self-equilibrating stress state. Narrow compression field with high stress intensity.

Section for which the punching resistance is determined.

Nach weisschnitt section de contrôle sezione di verifica


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1

TERMINOLOGY

1.1

Technical terms In addition to the terms defined in SIA 260 and SIA 261, the following specific technical terms are used in the present code. Annular rivet Schliessringbolzen r ivet à anneau ribattini ad anello

Billet

Special means of connection whereby a cold ring is forced over the grooved shaft of a rivet.

Semi-finished product used in the hot-rolling of steel sections.

Stranggussprofil barre d’acier coulé en continu acciaio prodotto in colata continua

Cold crack

Local rupture caused by the cooling of a weld.

Kaltriss fissure à froid cricche a fredd o

Detail category

Group of notch details with identical fatigue strength.

Kerbgruppe catégorie de détails categoria d’intaglio

Effective cross-section Bemessungsquers chnitt (wirksamer Quers chnitt) section efficace sezione effetiva

Fitted bolt Passsch rauben boulons ajustés bulloni calibrat i

Flat products

Member cross-section used in the calculation of stresses based on Hooke’s Law; compared with the gross cross-section, the effective cross-section is reduced to an effective width to take into account the non-uniform distribution of stresses due to shear and buckling deformations. Bolts with small fabrication tolerances and minimal play in the bolt holes.

Plates, wide plates and profiled sheeting.

Flacherzeugnisse p roduit plat s p rodotti piatti

Fracture toughness B ru chzähigkeit tenacité duttilità

Full geometric section Berech nungsquers chnitt section de calcul sezione di calcolo

Gross cross-section B ruttoquers chnitt section brute sezione lorda

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Temperature-dependent ability of a material to dissipate energy at rupture.

Determinant cross-section of a member used in structural analysis, in particular, in the calculation of internal forces and moments; in most cases identical to the gross cross-section. Entire cross-section perpendicular to the member axis not taking into account reductions in the cross-section (for example, bolt holes).


Lamellar tearing Lamellares Aufreissen arrachement lamellaire rottura lamellare

Lamination Doppelungen doublures s fogliatura

Net section Nettoquers chnitt section nette sezione netta

Notch detail Kerbfall détail de construction effetto d’intaglio

Semi-rigid connection Halbsteife Knotenpunkte assemblages semi-rigides nodi semi rigid

Slip Schlupf glissement scorrimento


Rupture due to tension in thickness direction of a rolled product.

Lamellar discontinuities generally parallel to the surface of a rolled product.

Remaining cross-section to transmit stresses, taking into account reductions in the cross-section (for example, bolt holes); refers most often to a part of an element loaded in tension and is not necessarily perpendicular to the member axis. Construction detail with a configuration that exerts a defined influence on the fatigue strength.

Joint between members with load-dependent flexibility that influences significantly the behaviour of the structure.

Deformation in joints between members caused by bolt clearance.

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1

1.1

TERMINOLOGIE

Termes techniques En plus des termes techniques définis dans les normes SIA 260, SIA 261, SIA 262 et SIA 263, d’autres termes, définis ci-après, sont utilisés dans la présente norme. Adhérence Verbund Sistema misto Bond

Assemblage mixte Verbundanschluss Giunzione mista Composite joint

Bossage Sicke Nervatura Embossment

Coefficient d’équivalence Betonwertigkeit Coefficiente d’equivalenza Equivalence coefficient

Connecteurs Verbundmittel Connettore Shear connectors

Connexion Verdübelung Connessione Shear connection

Connexion partielle Teilweise Verdübelung Connessione parziale Partial shear connection

Connexion totale Volle Verdübelung Connessione totale Full shear connection

Construction mixte Mischbauweise Costruzione in sistema misto Mixed structure

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Transfert de force avec glissement relatif limité à l’interface des deux composants.

Assemblage entre un élément structural mixte et tout autre élément structural, dans lequel les armatures et le béton contribuent à la résistance de l’assemblage. Partie saillante obtenue par déformation à froid des faces planes des tôles profilées et destinée à améliorer l’adhérence mécanique entre la tôle profilée et le béton. Coefficient destiné à transformer une section de béton en une section équivalente d’acier.

Eléments de liaison, situés à l’interface d’un élément structural mixte, qui limitent le glissement relatif et empêchent la séparation des deux composants contigus. Système d’assemblage possédant une rigidité et une résistance suffisante permettant la transmission des efforts rasants.

Connexion d’un élément structural mixte dont la résistance ultime est limitée par ladite connexion.

Connexion d’un élément structural mixte dont la résistance ultime n’est pas limitée par ladite connexion.

Ossature mixte pouvant comporter des éléments structuraux en acier, en béton ou mixtes acier-béton.


Dalle mixte Blech verbunddecke Soletta di lamiera con calcestruzzo collaborante Composite slab

Degré de connexion Verdübelungsgrad Grado di connessione Degree of shear connection

Effet mixte Verbundwirkung Azione collaborante Composite action

Effort rasant Längsschubkraft Forza di taglio longitudinale Longitudinal shear

Elément structural mixte Verbundbauteil Elemento strutturale misto Composite member

Etayage Montageunterstützung Sostegno di montaggio Propping

Goujon (à tête) Kopfbolzendübel Connettore a taglio Headed stud connector

Interface Verbundfuge Interfaccia fra acciaio e calcestruzzo Interface

Plancher mixte Verbunddecke Soletta mista Composite floor

Pont mixte Verbundbrü cke Ponte in sistema misto Composite bridge


Elément structural mixte horizontal plan, sollicité principalement en flexion, dans lequel des tôles profilées: – sont utilisées comme coffrage permanent capable de supporter le poids du béton frais, les armatures et les charges de construction, – s’unissent ensuite structuralement au béton durci et agissent comme tout ou partie de l’armature de traction de la dalle. Rapport du nombre de connecteurs d’une connexion partielle au nombre de connecteurs d’une connexion totale.

Assemblage des divers éléments d’une section, faits de matériaux différents, conduisant à une résistance ultime pour l’ensemble de cette section. Effort intérieur agissant à l’interface de deux composants de la section d’un élément structural mixte, dans le sens porteur.

Elément stuctural avec des composants en béton et en acier de construction assemblés par des connecteurs.

Appuis temporaires du composant en acier d’un élément structural mixte, durant le stade de construction, situés entre les appuis définitifs de cet élément. Connecteur cylindrique muni d’une tête et soudé à l’arc électrique sur les profilés métalliques.

Surface de contact entre deux composants contigus faits de matériaux différents.

Plancher composé de profilés métalliques et d’une dalle en béton ou mixte, solidarisés par une connexion résistante au cisaillement. Pont dont le tablier en béton est lié au moyen de connecteurs à des poutres maîtresses en acier.

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1

TERMINOLOGIE

1.1

Termes techniques La présente norme utilise les termes techniques et spécifiques définis ci-dessous. Les termes plus généraux sont définis dans les normes SIA 260 et SIA 261. à arêtes vives

Équarris sans flaches.

s charfkantig a spigoli viv i sharp arris

aboutage dentelé Keilzinkenverbindung giunto a pettine finger joint

aubier, bois d’aubier Splint, Splintholz albu rn o sapwood

Assemblage collé de deux équarris ou de deux éléments en bois collé dont les extrémités ont été découpées en dents de scie, de même inclinaison et de même profil, qui s’interpénètrent. Zone extérieure de la section d’un tronc, à distinguer du cœur (duramen) et de l’écorce.

Sperrholz legno compensato p ly wood

Assemblage collé d’au minimum 3 couches de planches de bois massif ou de panneaux dont la direction des fibres des couches extérieures est parallèle et dont celle des couches intérieures est décalée de 90°.

bois équarris

Bois débité de section rectangulaire.

bois contrecollé

Kantholz legname squadrato squared timber

bois lamellé B rettstapel legno lamellare laminated timber

bois lamellé collé BLC B rettschichtholz (BSH) legno lamellare incollat o glued laminated timber

bois massif Vollholz legno massiccio, segato solid timber

bois parfait, duramen Kern, Kernholz durame heart wood


Élément de bois constitué de planches parallèles sur champ liées mécaniquement entre elles sur toute leur longueur.

Élément de bois constitué de planches parallèles collées. Autres dénominations: poutres Hetzer, poutres en lamelles collées. Éléments de bois, généralement équarris, obtenus par sciage de grumes (équarris, planches, lattes).

Cœur des troncs où les cellules conductrices de sève ou les fibres sont soit asséchées, soit mortes.

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broche (boulon ajusté) Stabdübel (früher Passbolzen) spinotto calibrato d owel-type fastener

classe de résistance Festigkeitsklasse classe di resistenza strength class

classement visuel des bois Visuelle Sortierung classificazione visuale visual grading

colles, colles à bois Leime colle glues, adhesives

contreplaqué Furniersperrholz legno compensato impiallacciat o p ly wood

crampons et goujons annulaires Einpress- und Einlassdübel annelli di congiunzione incassati / forzati toothed-plate and ring connectors

densité apparente Rohdichte densità density

dérivés du bois Holzwerkstoffe derivati di legno engineered wood composites

embrèvement Versatz giunte a dente, infiso bevel shoulder

équilibre hygroscopique Ausgleichsfeuchte equilibro igroscopico equilibrum moisture content

flache Baumkante s musso wane

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Tige cylindrique, généralement en acier ou un autre métal, un autre matériau synthétique ou du bois, insérée dans un trou préalablement foré et qui permet la transmission d’efforts perpendiculairement à son axe. Classement visuel ou mécanique de l’assortiment des bois afin de les trier selon des propriétés mécaniques définies.

Classement des bois selon leur résistance, sur la base de caractéristiques définies visuellement.

Substance adhésive, généralement liquide, qui permet un assemblage par contact après durcissement de deux pièces en bois. En raison de l’emploi presque exclusif de substances liquides, on ne fera pas de différence entre colles et adhésifs dans la présente norme. Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage d’un nombre impair de plis dont les fibres des couches extérieures sont parallèles et dont les couches intermédiaires sont disposées alternativement à environ 90°. Goujons sollicités principalement en cisaillement et en compression. Les goujons annulaires (anneaux) sont logés dans des rainures fraisées à cet effet, les crampons sont enfoncés dans le bois par pression. Rapport entre la masse de bois avec une teneur en eau définie et son volume.

Éléments de matériaux de grandes dimensions (plaques, poutres) obtenus par l’assemblage d’éléments de bois plus petits tels que planches, panneaux, copeaux et fibres. Assemblage oblique de deux pièces de charpente concourantes, sollicité à la compression et au cisaillement simple.

Teneur en eau du bois soumis pendant une longue période à une humidité relative de l’air donnée pour une température déterminée. Inégalité dans l’équarrissage d’une pièce de bois qui laisse apparaître une portion de la surface de la grume.


liber

Couche intérieure de l’écorce.

Bast libro bast

panneau de fibres Faserplatte pannello di fibre fibre board

panneau de particules Spanplatte pannello di trucioli particle board

panneaux OSB OSB-Platten pannello OSB oriented strand board

panneau stratifié Furniers chichtholz (LVL) legno impiallacciato laminated veneer lumber

saturation des fibres Fasersättigung saturazione delle fibre fibre saturation point

teneur en eau du bois Holzfeuchte umidità del legno moisture content

tri mécanique des bois

Matériau en forme de plaques, fabriqué à l’aide de fibres et d’éclats de bois ramollis pressés à chaud jusqu’à l’obtention de la densité voulue. Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage et pressage à chaud de particules de bois ayant une orientation aléatoire qui conduit à un comportement quasi isotrope.

Oriented Strand Board. Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage et pressage à chaud de particules de bois élancées et orientées dans chaque couche. Le comportement est donc lié à la direction. Matériau en forme de plaque obtenu par collage de plis de bois dont les fibres des différentes couches sont plus ou moins parallèles. État hygroscopique limite pour lequel les fibres du bois contiennent une quantité maximale d’eau adsorbée sans eau libre dans le vide des cellules. La saturation des fibres est atteinte lors de l’entreposage du bois dans une atmosphère à 100% d’humidité relative. Selon l’essence, la teneur en eau atteint alors de 24 à 33%. Masse d’eau dans le bois, exprimée en pourcentage de la masse volumique à sec.

Classement de résistance du bois au moyen de machines.

Maschinelle Sortierung classificazione a macchina machine grading


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1

TERMINOLOGY

1.1

Technical terms In the present code the specific technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms used here are defined in SIA 260 and SIA 261. Other specific technical terms used here are defined in SIA 262.

Ancillary components Ergänzungsbauteile éléments incorporés elementi strutturali complementari

Autoclave aerated concrete block Po renbetonstein aggloméré de béton cellulaire mattone in calcestruzzo poroso

Bed face Lagerfläche assise superficie d’appoggio

Bed joint

Components, which are used to supplement the masonry, depending on the application.

Porous hydrothermally bonded concrete masonry unit using agent to form pores.

Top or bottom face of a masonry unit after placement according to plan.

Layer of mortar between the bed faces of masonry units.

Lagerfuge joint d’assise fuga orizzontale

Bed joint reinforcement

Prefabricated reinforcement for placing in bed joints.

Lagerfugenbewehrung armature des joints d’assise armatura della fuga orizzontale

Bond Mauerverband appareil disposizione dei mattoni

Calcium silicate block

Arrangement of the masonry units with staggering of the head or bed joints in adjacent layers.

Hydrothermally bonded masonry unit.

Kalksandstein brique silico-calcaire mattone silico calcare

Clay brick

Fired masonry unit.

Backstein brique de terre cuite mattone di terracotta

Compressive strength of masonry Mauerwerksdru ck festigkeit résistance à la compression de la maçonnerie resistenza della mu ratura a compressione

Compressive strength of masonry unit Steindru ck festigkeit résistance à la compression des briques et agglomérés resistenza del mattone a compressione

6

Compressive strength of masonry determined by means of standard tests on small scale specimens under centric loading normal to the bed or head joints.

Strength of individual masonry units determined from standard compression tests.


Compressive strength of mortar Mörteldruckfestigkeit résistance à la compression du mortier resistenza della malta a compressione

Concrete block

Compressive strength of mortar specimens determined from standard tests.

Cement-bonded masonry unit.

Zementstein aggloméré de béton mattone di cemento

Concrete infill Füllbeton béton de remplissage calcestruzzo di riempimento

Damp-proof course Feuchtigkeitssperrs chich t couche étanche à l'humidité manto impermeabile

Double-leaf cavity wall Zweischalenmauerwerk mur à double paro i mu ratura doppia

Dry head joint construction knirs ch vermauern hourdage à joints verticaux à sec mu ratura con fughe verticali a secco

Dry ready-mixed mortar Werktro ckenmörtel Mortier sec d’usine malta premiscelata

Ductile masonry

Concrete of suitable consistency and of given aggregate grain size, used to infill cavities in masonry.

Layer of sealing strips, masonry units or other material for use in masonry to prevent the rising or penetration of water.

Masonry, in which the loadbearing and protective functions are distributed between two leaves of a wall placed at a certain distance from each other; in general, the two leaves are designed differently. Expert mortar work on the bed joints, without mortar in the head joints (head-to-head contact of the faces of the masonry units). Factory-proportioned mortar delivered to site where under specified conditions water is added to the mix.

Reinforced masonry with increased plastic deformation capacity.

duktiles Mauerwerk maçonnerie ductile mu ratura dutile

Duration of workability

Period after mixing, during which the mortar has to be worked.

Verarbeitbarkeitszeit durée d’ouvrabilité tempo di lavo razione

Exterior facing masonry bewittertes Sichtmauerwerk maçonnerie de parement mu ratura facciavista esterna

Exterior web Aussensteg âme extérieure anima esterna

Facing masonry

Facing masonry with increased durability against driving rain, moisture and frost.

Material between a void and the external surface of a masonry unit.

Masonry which remains exposed.

Sichtmauerwerk maçonnerie apparente mu ratura facciavista

Filled joint construction vollfugig vermauern hourdage à joints pleins mu ratura con fughe verticali piene


Expert mortar work for the bed and head joints with double bedding, depending on the type of masonry or wall thickness also with single or multiple bedding.

7

Gross area B ruttofläche surface brute superficie lorda

Grout Vergussmörtel mortier de remplissage malta per iniezione

Head joint

Cross-sectional area of a masonry unit or masonry without deduction of the areas of voids, openings and recesses.

Pourable mix of cement, sand, water and possibly additives to infill voids.

Mortar-filled joint normal to bed joint and to wall surface.

Stossfuge joint vertical fuga verticale

Interior facing masonry nicht bewittertes Sichtmauerwerk maçonnerie apparente non soumise aux intempéries mu ratura facciavista interna

Interior web

Facing masonry without increased durability against driving rain, moisture and frost.

Material between the voids in a masonry unit.

Innensteg âme intérieure anima interna

Layer height

Height of a masonry unit and a bed joint.

Schichthöhe hauteur d’assises altezza di un corso di mu ratura

Lightweight aggregate concrete block

Lightweight cement-bonded masonry unit.

Leichtzementstein aggloméré de béton léger mattone leggero di cemento

Lightweight autoclave aerated concrete block

Lightweight porous hydrothermally bonded concrete masonry unit using agent to form pores.

Po renbetonleichtstein aggloméré de béton cellulaire léger mattone leggero in calcestruzzo poroso

Lightweight clay brick

Lightweight fired masonry unit.

Leichtbackstein brique de terre cuite légère mattone leggero di terracotta

Lintel Sturz linteau architrave

Masonry Mauerwerk maçonnerie mu ratura

Masonry components Mauerwerkskomponenten composants de la maçonnerie componenti della mu ratura

8

Beam-like ancillary component to bridge door or window openings in masonry.

Masonry units arranged in a specific way in several layers and bonded together using mortar, sometimes with added reinforcement and/or infill concrete. Masonry units and mortar as well as in some cases non-prestressed or prestressed reinforcement and/or concrete infill.


Masonry plan Schichtenplan plan d’assises piano della mu ratura

Masonry unit Mauerstein parpaing (brique ou aggloméré) mattone

Modulus of rupture of masonry

Execution plan, in which the exact arrangement and the relevant properties of the masonry components and the ancillary components are specified. Artificially produced or worked natural stone for use in masonry construction.

Flexural strength of masonry determined from standard tests.

Mauerwerksbiegezugfestigkeit résistance à la traction par flexion de la maçonnerie resistenza della mu ratura a trazione per flessione

Mortar Mauermörtel mortier malta per mu ratura

Movement joint Bewegungsfuge joint de dilatation giunto di dilatazione

Non-partitioning element nicht raumabschliessendes Bauteil élément d’ouvrage dans un espace non fermé elemento non taglia fuoco

Partition wall raumabschliessende Wand mur de séparation parete taglia fuoco

Plaster Verputz crépi intonaco

Pointing nachträgliche Verfugung jointoiement ultérieur stuccatura dei giunti

Prefabricated masonry vorfabriziertes Mauerwerk maçonnerie préfabriquée mu ratura prefabbricata

Prestressed masonry vo rgespanntes Mauerwerk maçonnerie précontrainte mu ratura precompressa

Rate of water absorption kapillare Wasseraufnahme absorption d’eau par capillarité assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità


Mix of anorganic binders, aggregate and water, possibly with additives and admixtures, for use in masonry construction.

Joint between two structural members, which permits a limited movement at the joint boundaries.

Structural member, which in the case of fire can be subjected to fire on several sides.

Dividing wall subjected to fire on one side, which prevents the throughflow of flames or hot gases and limits the temperature increase on the side opposite to that subjected to the fire. Layer of plaster applied to surface of masonry, providing protection and/or decorative appearance.

Filling and finishing joints after removal of mortar from external part of joints.

Masonry, which is produced in the factory or on site as an element and is assembled with the other structural members on site. Masonry, to which a specified compressive stress is applied by means of prestressed reinforcement.

Water absorption capacity of a masonry unit per unit surface area and unit time under standard conditions of submersion.

9

Ready-mixed mortar Werkfrischmörtel mortier frais d’usine malta fresca preconfezionata

Reinforced masonry bewehrtes Mauerwerk maçonnerie armée mu ratura armata

Shear wall

Mortar proportioned and mixed in the factory and delivered to the site.

Masonry, in which reinforcing bars or meshes are placed in mortar or concrete infill, so that all masonry components interact to withstand the applied forces. Wall that resists in-plane horizontal forces.

Schubwand mur soumis au cisaillement parete resistente al taglio

Single-leaf wall Einsteinmauerwerk maçonnerie de parpaings mu ratura semplice

Site-mixed mortar

Masonry in stretcher or header bond, whose thickness corresponds to the width or length of a masonry unit.

Mortar produced on site with materials weighed and mixed there.

Baustellenmörtel mortier de chantier malta prodotta in cantiere

Sound insulating masonry s challdämmendes Mauerwerk maçonnerie insonore mu ratura insonorizzante

Standard masonry

Masonry, which fulfils increased requirements of sound-proofing.

Masonry with standardised mechanical properties.

Standardmauerwerk maçonnerie standard mu ratura standardizzata

Stiffening wall aussteifende Wand mur de contreventement parete di controventamento

Strap Zugband tirant tirante

Structural bond masonry Verbandmauerwerk maçonnerie de boutisses et panneresses mu ratura disposta a blocch i

Supplier-certified masonry deklariertes Mauerwerk maçonnerie spécifiée mu ratura tipo

System compatibility Systemtauglich keit compatibilité au système compatibilità del sistema

Thermal insulating masonry

Usually a wall placed perpendicular to another wall which acts as a support in resisting horizontal forces.

Ancillary component to connect masonry to adjacent structural members.

Masonry, made up in the transverse direction of alternating masonry units of different or identical widths, so that the masonry units overlap in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Masonry with properties certified by the manufacturer or the supplier.

Ability of masonry components to interact as a system in a particular intended way, fulfilling the corresponding code requirements. Masonry with increased resistance against heat transmission.

wärmedämmendes Mauerwerk maçonnerie isolante thermiquement mu ratura isolante termicamente

10


Thin layer mortar

Mortar for use in 2 to 3 mm thick joints.

Dünnbettmörtel mortier-colle letto di malta sottile

Transverse tensile force of masonry unit Steinquerzugfestigkeit résistance à la traction transversale des parpaings resistenza del mattone alla trazione t rasversale

Unreinforced masonry unbewehrtes Mauerwerk maçonnerie non armée mu ratura non armata

Veneer masonry Vo rsatzmauerwerk maçonnerie de doublage mu ratura di rivestimento

Void Loch alvéole fo ro

Void ratio

Compressive strength under negligible lateral restraint, determined on specimens consisting of three masonry units with intermediate layers of rubber plates with specified properties.

Unreinforced masonry or masonry with reinforcement not considered in the verifications of structural safety and serviceability.

Masonry, which in general as an external skin of a building is anchored to the structure, e.g. as an external leaf of a doubleleaf cavity wall. Prefabricated hole in a masonry unit, which passes completely or partially through the masonry unit.

Cross-sectional area of voids in relation to the gross area.

Loch flächenanteil p roportion d’alvéoles percentuale fori-superficie

Wall tie Maueranker ancrage pour maçonnerie staffa


Ancillary component to connect a veneer masonry with a skeleton or a wall construction.

11

1

TERMINOLOGY

1.1

Technical terms In the present code the specific technical terms defined below are used. General technical terms are defined in SIA 260 and SIA 261 and specific technical terms are defined in SIA 262 to 266.

Active earth pressure aktiver Erdd ru ck poussée active spinta attiva

Alarm value Alarm wert seuil d'alarme s oglia d'allarme

Alert value Meldewert seuil d'avertissement s oglia di sicurezza

Anchor Anker tirant tirante

Anchor head Ankerkopf tête du tirant testa del tirante

Anchor with a monitoring facility Kontrollanker tirant de contrôle tirante di controllo

Least possible earth pressure which develops behind a wall when the structure moves away from the soil.

Value of a control parameter at which safety measures have to be carried out immediately.

Value of a control parameter, at which the execution work or the structure have to be monitored more closely.

Structural element that transmits force to the ground by means of a tensile member.

Part of the anchor that transmits the anchor force to the anchored structure or directly to the ground to be supported.

Anchor on which checks and measurements can be carried out.

Anchor with a permanently installed load cell Anchor that is fitted with a load cell allowing measurement of Messanker the prestressing force at any time. tirant de mesure tirante di misura

Anchorage Verankerung ancrage ancoraggio

Bored pile Bohrp fahl pieu foré palo trivellat o

Cased bored pile verrohrter Bohrp fahl pieu foré tubé palo trivellato con rivestimento

Cast-in-situ pile

The entirety of the anchoring measures that contribute to the bearing capacity of the structure primarily by transmitting tensile forces to the ground. Pile which without displacement of the ground is installed in a previously or simultaneously drilled borehole.

Pile that is constructed by simultaneously or subsequently advancing the casing.

Concrete pile that is cast directly in the ground.

Ortbetonpfahl pieu moulé en place palo gettato in opera

8


Coefficient of subgrade reaction Bettungsmodul module de réaction modulo di reazione

Compaction pressure

Parameter to describe the deformability of the ground at the ground surface.

Earth pressure increase due to compaction of the ground.

Verdichtungsdru ck p ression de compactage p ressione di compattazione

Compressibility modulus Steifemodul module de défo rmation modulo di defo rmazione

Compression pile

Parameter to describe the deformability of soil. The compressibility modulus Es is usually obtained from the oedometer test (zero lateral strain). Pile that resists compressive forces.

Dru ckpfahl pieu en compression palo a compressione

Control value Lenkungsgrösse grandeur pilote valore di controllo

Creep pressure

Observable or measurable parameter of a geotechnical or structural property to monitor the quality (i. e. performance) of the behaviour of the ground or the structure. Action of creeping soil or rock on an immoveable structure.

Kriechdru ck p ression de fluage p ressione di scorrimento viscoso

Creep rate Kriechmass taux de fluage tasso dello scorrimento viscoso

Critical height of a slope f reie Standhöhe hauteur autostable altezza critica

Cut

Slope of the time-displacement curve in a semi-logarithmic creep diagram under constant force: k = (∆l2 –∆l1)/log (t 2 /t 1)

Height up to which a vertical, unloaded and unsupported slope remains stable.

Vertical or inclined slope resulting from the excavation of soil.

Anschnitt t ranchée trincea

Deep foundation Tieffundation fondation pro fonde fondazione pro fonda

Deformation modulus Verfo rmungsmodul module de défo rmation modulo di compressibilità

Deformation resistance Verfo rmungswiderstand résistance induite par la défo rmation resistenza alla defo rmazione

Dewatering Entwässerung épuisement des eaux p rosciugamento, d renaggio

Dowel Dübel boulon bullone


Foundation by means of which loads and forces are transmitted to a deep layer in the ground.

Parameter to describe the deformability of the ground. The deformation modulus EV (also designated ME) is usually determined with the plate bearing test. Resistance produced by the stiffness of the soil to a displacement of the structure.

Temporary or permanent measure of a technical or organic nature to remove water from the ground.

Rod-like structural element that mainly resists shear forces, but can also resist tensile forces.

9

Dowelling Verdübelung boulonnage chiodatura

Drainage system

The entirety of the constructional measures that contribute to the bearing capacity of the structure primarily by increasing the shear resistance in the ground using dowels. Removal of water from the soil by means of drainage pipes.

Drainage d rainage d renaggio

Driven pile Rammpfahl pieu battu palo battuto

Dynamic investigation dynamische Untersuchung reconnaissances dynamiques indagine dinamica

Earth pressure Erdd ru ck poussée des terres spinta del terreno

Earth pressure at rest Erd ruhedru ck poussée des terres au repos spinta del terreno a riposo

Effective free tendon length wirksame freie Ankerlänge longueur libre effective du tirant lunghezza libera efficace del tirante

Embankment Damm digue diga

End-bearing pile Standpfahl pieu appuyé en pointe, pieu colonne palo di punta

Excavation Baugrube fouille scavo

Fill Schüttung remblai riport o, rilevat o

Fixed tendon length Verankerungslänge longueur de scellement lunghezza del bulbo di ancoraggio

Flow pressure

Pile that is driven into the soil by ramming or vibrating, displacing the soil at the same time and in the case of grouted driven piles the pile is filled with cement grout. Geotechnical: investigation to determine the dynamic geotechnical parameters and the dynamic behaviour of the ground.

The force or stress at the contact area between the soil and the structure.

The earth pressure that acts in undisturbed or reconsolidated soil without any displacement of the structure.

Length over which the tension member is free to strain when tensioned.

Structure with slopes and a crest that results from the placement of fill material.

Pile in which the force is transmitted to the ground mainly through the base of the pile.

Removal of material (soil or rock) at the ground surface for the purpose of erecting a structure.

Body of soil with or without slopes created by heaping up fill material.

Length over which the force is transmitted through the anchorage.

Action produced on an immovable structure by flowing soil.

Fliessdru ck p ression d'écoulement spinta di scorrimento

Fluvial erosion Erosion érosion erosione

10

Hydraulics: erosion or removal of soil caused by the seepage force of water.


Foundation Fundation fondation fondazione

Free tendon length f reie Ankerlänge longueur libre du tirant lunghezza libera del tirante

Friction pile Reibungspfahl pieu de frottement palo ad attrito

Geotechnical model Baugrundmodell modélisation du terrain modello geotecnico

Geotechnical parameters Baugrundwerte paramètres du terrain de fondation parametri geotecnici

Geotechnical risk geotechnisches Risiko risque géotechnique rischio geotecnico

Geotechnical value geotechnischer Wert valeur géotechnique valore geotecnico

Gravity wall Sch wergewichtsmauer mur poids mu ro a gravità

Ground Baugrund terrain de fondation terreno

Groundwater Grundwasser eau souterraine falda freatica

Groundwater control Grundwasserhaltung interventions sur le régime des eaux souterraines interventi sul regime della falda freatica

Groundwater flow in slopes

The entirety of the measures used to transmit the loads and forces of a structure to the ground.

Length between head of an anchor and the start of the fixed tendon length, which is determined by the structural and geotechnical calculations. Pile in which the force is transmitted to the ground mainly by skin friction along the shaft of the pile.

Idealised description of the ground using geotechnical parameters.

Geometrical and geotechnical parameters to describe the geological structure and properties of the ground.

Hazard to a construction project, structure or an area of life resulting from the behaviour of the ground.

Value describing a material-technological property of soil or rock.

Wall that retains water or earth material solely by means of self-weight with an insignificant bending effect.

Ground consisting of soil or rock in the area of a construction project or a foundation.

Water, flowing or stationary, filling the connected system of voids in soil or rock.

Temporary or permanent measure to lower, raise or regulate the water table or to relieve the pore water pressure.

Continuous or dispersed flow of water in a slope.

Hangwasser eau de versant falda del versante

Groundwater lowering

Temporary or permanent lowering of the water table.

Grundwasserabsenkung rabattement de nappe ou des eaux souterraines abbassamento del livello di falda

Grouted pile Injektionspfahl pieu injecté palo iniettat o


Pile in which during or after installation mortar or cement grouting is carried out.

11

Homogeneous zone Homogenbereich zone homogène zona omogenea

Hydraulic failure, piping hyd raulischer Grundbru ch renard hyd raulique collasso per sifonamento

Increased active earth pressure erhöhter aktiver Erdd ru ck poussée active majorée spinta attiva maggiorata

Jacked pile Presspfahl pieu foncé palo pressat o

Nail Nagel clou chiodo

Nailed soil Nagelwand paroi clouée parete chodata

Negative skin friction, downdrag negat ive Mantelreibung f rottement négatif attrito laterale negat ivo

Non-prestressed anchor ungespannter Anker tirant passif tirante passivo

Observational method Beobachtungsmethode méthode observationnelle metodo d'osservazione

Pad footing, isolated footing Einzelfundament semelle isolée plinto isolat o

Passive earth pressure passiver Erdd ru ck poussée passive spinta passiva

Permanent anchor permanenter Anker tirant permanent tirante permanente

Pile Pfahl pieu palo

Pile foundation Pfahlfundation fondation sur pieux fondazione su pali

12

Zone in which the geotechnical properties lie within specified limits.

Instability involving upward flow or disintegration of soil due to water pressures or seepage forces.

Earth pressure intermediate between active earth pressure and earth pressure at rest.

Pile that is pressed into the ground under a static force with simultaneous displacement of soil.

Type of anchor whose primary function is to transmit either tensile forces or tensile and shear forces into the ground.

A steep slope constructed in steps and supported by nails usually together with a sprayed concrete lining acting as connecting element and providing corrosion protection. Friction force acting on pile shaft induced by soil settlement relative to the pile.

Anchor which transmits mainly tensile forces to the ground. For non-prestressed anchors at time t = 0 either zero or only a small prestressing force is applied. In the case of an insufficiently reliable basis for dimensioning this offers a possible procedure for the design, execution and use of a structure, accepting certain risks, with an estimate of the behaviour and the specification of corresponding limit values including the associated monitoring and safety measures. Foundation for a column or to transmit a concentrated load or force to the ground.

Greatest possible earth pressure which develops behind a wall when the structure moves towards the soil.

Prestressed anchor with a working life of more than 2 years or a non-prestressed anchor with a working life of more than 5 years. Slender structural element to transmit loads and forces (compressive, tensile and shear forces) to the ground.

Type of foundation that transmits loads and forces to the ground by means of piles.


Piled raft foundation Pfahl-Plattenfundation fondation mixte fondazione mista palo-platea

Pore water pressure

Combined foundation type by which the loads and forces are transmitted to the ground both through the raft foundation and through the piles. Water pressure acting in the pores of soil or rock.

Po renwasserd ru ck p ression interstitielle p ressione interstiziale

Prefabricated pile vo rgefertigter Pfahl pieu préfabriqué palo prefabbricat o

Prestressed anchor vo rgespannter Anker tirant précontraint tirante precompresso

Raft foundation Plattenfundament radier platea di fondazione

Retaining structure Stützbauwerk ouvrage de soutènement opera di sostegno

Retaining wall Stützwand paroi de soutènement parete di sostegno

Seepage force Strö mungskraft fo rce d'écoulement forza di filtrazione

Sensitive soil strukturempfindlicher Boden sol à structure sensible terreno sensitivo

Shear pile, dowel pile Schubpfahl pieu en cisaillement palo a taglio

Site investigation Baugrunduntersuchung reconnaissance du terrain indagine geognostica o geotecnica

Slope: artificial Böschung talus scarpata

Slope: natural

Pile which before installation is fabricated in whole or in part of reinforced concrete, steel or wood.

Anchor which primarily transmits tensile forces to the ground. With a prestressed anchor, after applying the tensioning force as a result of external actions only small changes of the prestressing force occur, which lie within specified limits. Foundation that stretches over the whole area of a structure or part of it.

Wall support system that is able to carry horizontal or vertical loads or forces and transmit them to the ground.

Relatively slender wall which is loaded in bending and is usually supported by anchors, struts and/or the passive earth resistance. Friction force produced by seepage forces acting in the soil in the direction of flow.

Soil, e. g. lacustrine deposits, whose grain structure can collapse and/or be compacted as a result of static or dynamic actions. Pile which transmits the shear forces acting transversely to the axis of the pile to the ground.

Obtaining information on the geology, geotechnical properties and behaviour of the ground, including the groundwater conditions. Man-made inclination of the ground surface produced by excavation or fill work.

Natural inclination of the ground surface.

Hang pente pendio

Soil Boden sol terreno sciolto


Geotechnical: ground consisting of loose or soft material (as opposed to solid, hard rock).

13

Soil liquefaction Bodenverflüssigung liquéfaction du sol liquefazione del terreno

Soil nailing

Loss of shear strength and stiffness in loose deposits of saturated cohesionless soil due to static or dynamic action.

Stabilising the ground under a structure by means of nails.

Vernagelung clouage chiodatura

Soil resistance Erdwiderstand résistance du sol resistenza del terreno

Soil sensitive to earthquakes erdbebenempfindlicher Boden terrain sensible aux séismes terreno sensibile al terremoto

Soil surcharge

Resistance of the soil to a structure when it moves towards the soil.

Soil, e. g. saturated sands, fine sands and silt, that is prone to liquefy, compact or lose its shear strength under cyclic or dynamic load. Imposed pressure due to earth resting on a structure.

Erdauflast poids des terres peso del terreno

Spread foundation Flachfundation fondation superficielle fondazione superficiale

Strip footing Streifenfundament semelle filante fondazione continua

Support Abstützung blindage par étayage appogio, sostegno

Swelling pressure Quelldru ck p ression de gonflement p ressione di rigonfiamento

Temporary anchor temporärer Anker tirant temporaire tirante temporaneo

Tendon Zugglied armature de traction elemento a trazione

Tendon length

Shallow foundation that transmits the loads and forces mainly through the base of the foundation.

Spread foundation whose length is substantially greater than its width; suitable for a wall or row of columns.

Excavation: system of walings and struts (braces) providing structural support.

Pressure produced by swelling soil or rock under restrained lateral strain.

Prestressed anchor with a limited working life, normally a maximum of 2 years or an unstressed anchor with a limited working life, normally a maximum of 5 years. Part of the anchor used to transmit the anchor force from the anchor head to the anchorage zone.

Distance between the anchor head and the end of the anchor.

Ankerlänge longueur du tirant lunghezza del tirante

Tension pile

Pile to resist tensile forces.

Zugpfahl pieu en traction palo a trazione

Test anchor Versuchsanker tirant d'essai tirante di prova

14

Specially constructed anchor on which tests are carried out to provide the basis for selecting, dimensioning and the quality control of the working anchors.


Test pile Versuchspfahl pieu d'essai palo di prova

Total soil resistance Baugrundwiderstand résistance du terrain resistenza del terreno

Uncased bored pile

Pile on which pile load tests are carried out to dimension the piles used in the construction works.

Limit of the resistance of the ground (passive soil resistance, ultimate bearing capacity, sliding resistance, shearing resistance). Pile bored without use of casing.

u nverrohrter Bohrp fahl pieu foré non tubé palo trivellato senza rivestimento

Uplift Auftrieb poussée d'Archimède spinta d'Archimede

Water table control Grundwasserregulierung régulation de la nappe regolazione del livello di falda

Working anchor

Vertically upwards directed hydraulic force, whose magnitude equals the amount of water displaced by the body.

Temporary or permanent measure to maintain the level of the water table within a specified range.

Anchor that fulfils its structural function.

Bauwerksanker tirant d'ouvrage tirante di servizio

Working pile

Pile that fulfils its structural function.

Bauwerkspfahl pieu d'ouvrage palo di servizio


15

Glosario Normas SIA (Suiza)

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