General MIDI

About General MIDI

http://www.midi.org/techspecs/gm.php

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General MIDI (GM1) "General MIDI" is not the same as MIDI. Where MIDI is a language, a file format, and a connector specification, the "General MIDI System Level 1" specification -- also known as "GM" and later renamed General MIDI 1 or "GM1") defines specific features of a MIDI instrument. Without General MIDI, playback of MIDI files created on one MIDI instrument might sound totally different on a different MIDI instrument, because the only sound definition in MIDI is the sound number (Program Number), not the actual characteristics of the sound. GM helped establish a consistent level of performance compatibility among MIDI instruments by establishing that specific sounds should be selected by certain Program Numbers, paving the way for MIDI data to be used in computer games and cell phones. Note: The General MIDI (GM1) specification was superceded in 1999 by General MIDI 2 which supports additional features and capabilities commonly available. However, GM1 remains a popular format for lower-cost synthesizers and is commonly used for music distributed as Standard MIDI Files. General MIDI Lite is an even lower-cost version of GM developed specifically for use in low-power portable devices such as cell phones. GM1 Features To be GM1 compatible, a GM1 sound generating device (keyboard, sound module, sound card, IC, software program or other product) must meet the General MIDI System Level 1 performance requirements outlined below, instantaneously upon demand, and without additional modification or adjustment/configuration by the user. Voices: A minimum of either 24 fully dynamically allocated voices are available simultaneously for both melodic and percussive sounds, or 16 dynamically allocated voices are available for melody plus 8 for percussion. All voices respond to velocity. Channels: All 16 MIDI Channels are supported. Each Channel can play a variable number of voices (polyphony). Each Channel can play a different instrument (sound/patch/timbre). Key-based percussion is always on MIDI Channel 10. Instruments: A minimum of 16 simultaneous and different timbres playing various instruments. A minimum of 128 preset instruments (MIDI program numbers) conforming to the GM1 Instrument Patch Map and 47 percussion sounds which conform to the GM1 Percussion Key Map . Channel Messages: Support for continuous controllers 1, 7, 10, 11, 64, 121 and 123; RPN #s 0, 1, 2; Channel Pressure, Pitch Bend. Other Messages: Respond to the data entry controller and the RPNs for fine and course tuning and pitch bend range, as well as all General MIDI Level 1 System Messages. GM1 Developer Information The MMA's GM Developer Guidelines document describes additional recommendations and clarifications of the GM Specification for content producers and device makers, to insure improved compatibility among GM products. The GM1 Logo was created to insure consumer recognition for products that meet the General MIDI Level 1 Specification. The GM Logo is the property of the MMA and AMEI and must be used in accordance with guidelines established to insure the value of the GM Logo for our members and for the consumer.

General MIDI 2 (GM2) General MIDI 1 made great strides in the music industry by providing a platform for compatibility between device manufacturers and content providers. Still, by 1999 many manufacturers felt there needed to be additional functionality. General MIDI 2 (GM2) is a group of extensions made to General MIDI 1, which increases both the number of available sounds and the amount of control available for sound editing and musical performance. All GM2 devices are also fully compatible with General MIDI 1. New MIDI Messages To support new features in GM2 devices, the MIDI specification was also extended with numerous new control messages, include MIDI Tuning, Controllers, RPNs, and Universal System Exclusive Messages. Of particular significance are the new Universal System Exclusive Messages, including Controller Destination Setting, Key-Based Instrument Controllers, Global Parameter Control, and Master Fine/Coarse Tuning. Controller Destination SysEx Message (.pdf)

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About General MIDI


Key-based Instrument Controller SysEx Message (.pdf) Global Parameter Control SysEx Message (.pdf) Master Fine/Course Tuning SysEx Message (.pdf) Redefinition of RPN01 and RPN02 (Channel Fine/Course Tuning) RPN05 Modulation Depth Range (.pdf) GM2 Specification Update 1.1 In September 2003 a new version of the General MIDI 2 Specification document was made available, reflecting changes to the specification mandated by two new Recommended Practices: RP-036: Sets a default Pan Curve for future AMEI/MMA specifications (equivalent to the Pan Curve defined in GML and DLS) and amends GM2 to include this curve. RP-037: Adds a recommendation that GM2 devices support the MIDI Tuning Extension "Scale/Octave Tuning Real Time One-Byte form" message. GM2 Specification Update 1.2 In 2007 Recommend Practice RP-044 was adopted for implementing the Mod Depth Range RPN message on GM2 devices. This recommendation does not apply to other device specifications (i.e. SP-MIDI) that refer to GM2. For those devices, the recommended response to Mod Depth Range RPN is either undefined or should be defined in those specifications. GM2 Features Requirements Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes MIDI Channels: 16 - Simultaneous Melodic Instruments = up to 16 (all Channels) - Simultaneous Percussion Kits = up to 2 (Channel 10/11) Control Change Messages (Some Optional) - Bank Select (cc#0/32) - Modulation Depth (cc#1) - Portamento Time (cc#5) - Channel Volume (cc#7) - Pan (cc#10) - Expression (cc#11) - Hold1 (Damper) (cc#64) - Portamento ON/OFF (cc#65) - Sostenuto (cc#66) - Soft (cc#67) - Filter Resonance (Timbre/Harmonic Intensity) (cc#71) - Release Time (cc#72) - Attack time (cc#73) - Brightness (cc#74) - Decay Time (cc#75) (new message) - Vibrato Rate (cc#76) (new message) - Vibrato Depth (cc#77) (new message) - Vibrato Delay (cc#78) (new message) - Reverb Send Level (cc#91) - Chorus Send Level (cc#93) - Data Entry (cc#6/38) - RPN LSB/MSB (cc#100/101) Registered Parameter Numbers - Pitch Bend Sensitivity - Channel Fine Tune - Channel Coarse Tune - Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range) - RPN NULL Universal System Exclusive Messages - Master Volume - Master Fine Tuning - Master Coarse Tuning - Reverb Type - Reverb Time - Chorus Type - Chorus Mod Rate - Chorus Mod Depth - Chorus Feedback - Chorus Send to Reverb - Controller Destination Setting - Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust - Key-Based Instrument Controllers - GM2 System On GM 2 Instrument Sound Set GM 2 Percussion Sound Set

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About General MIDI


GM2 Developer Information Developers of GM2 compatible devices or content are urged to consult the GM1 Developer Guidelines (included in the Complete MIDI 1.0Specification) which describe recommendations for content producers and device makers to insure improved compatibility among GM products. The GM2 Logo was created to insure consumer recognition for products that meet the General MIDI 2 Specification. The GM Logos are the property of the MMA and AMEI and must be used in accordance with guidelines established to insure the value of the GM Logos for our members and for the consumer.

General MIDI "Lite" (GML) plus Guidelines for Mobile Applications

The General MIDI Lite Specification describes one of two platforms for mobile MIDI communication that have been approved and adopted as a standard by the MIDI industry. This document has three primary components: A specification called General MIDI Lite (GM Lite), which defines a new level of tone generation (sound module) device Authoring guidelines for music data in SMF (Standard MIDI File) format that is intended for playback on GM Lite devices Implementation guidelines for GM Lite file players . GM Lite vs. SP-MIDI The General MIDI Lite specification defines a fixed-polyphony MIDI device, intended to meet a particular set of current and future market needs. The Scalable Polyphony MIDI (SP-MIDI) Specification compliments GML by defining flexible polyphony MIDI devices and content. Developers of GM Lite players are strongly advised to keep as much flexibility as possible in how their players handle channel priorities, drum channels and other System messages. This will make it far easier for their products to be compatible with song data authored for the Scalable Polyphony MIDI specification. GM Lite vs. GM 1 The General MIDI Lite device specification is intended for equipment that does not have the capability to support the full feature set defined in General MIDI 1.0, on the assumption that the reduced performance may be acceptable (and even required) in some mobile applications. GM Lite represents just one standardized set of performance capabilities for portable applications - other performance levels are likely to be standardized in the future. GM Lite Features Requirements Number of Notes: 16 simultaneous notes MIDI Channels: 16 - Simultaneous Melodic Instruments = up to 15 - Simultaneous Percussion Kits = 1 (Channel 10) Control Change Messages - Modulation Depth (cc#1) - Channel Volume (cc#7) - Pan (cc#10) - Expression (cc#11) - Data Entry (cc#6/38) - Hold1 (Damper) (cc#64) - RPN LSB/MSB (cc#100/101) - Pitch Bend - All Sound Off, All Notes Off, Reset All Controllers Registered Parameter Numbers - Pitch Bend Sensitivity Universal System Exclusive Messages - GM1 System On GM Lite Instrument Sound Set GM Lite Percussion Sound Set For complete details on GML features and MIDI message syntax, please consult the General MIDI Lite Specification (see below to order). GM Lite Developer Information Recommended guidelines for Using GM Lite in Mobile Applications are included in the GM Lite Specification document. Developers are also urged to consult the GM1 Developer Guidelines (included in the Complete MIDI 1.0 Specification). The GML Logo was created to insure consumer recognition for products that meet the General MIDI Lite Specification. The GM Logos are the property of the MMA and AMEI and must be used in accordance with guidelines established to insure the value of the GM Logos for our members and for the consumer.

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GM1 Sound Set

http://www.midi.org/techspecs/gm1sound.php#instrument

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General MIDI Level 1 Sound Set

General MIDI's most recognized feature is the defined list of sounds or "patches". However, General MIDI does not actually define the way the sound will be reproduced, only the name of that sound. Though this can obviously result in wide variations in performance from the same song data on different GM sound sources, the authors of General MIDI felt it important to allow each manufacturer to have their own ideas and express their personal aesthetics when it comes to picking the exact timbres for each sound. Each manufacturer must insure that their sounds provide an acceptable representation of song data written for General MIDI. Guidelines for developing GM compatible sound sets and song data are available through the MMA. The names of the instruments indicate what sort of sound will be heard when that instrument number (MIDI Program Change or "PC#") is selected on the GM1 synthesizer. These sounds are the same for all MIDI Channels except Channel 10, which has only percussion sounds and some sound "effects". (See "GM1 Percussion Key Map" )

General MIDI Level 1 Instrument Families The General MIDI Level 1 instrument sounds are grouped by families. In each family are 8 specific instruments. PC# 1-8

Family Name

PC#

Family Name

Piano

65-72

Reed

Chromatic Percussion

73-80

Pipe

17-24

Organ

81-88

Synth Lead

25-32

Guitar

89-96

Synth Pad

33-40

Bass

97-104

Synth Effects

41-48

Strings

105-112

Ethnic

49-56

Ensemble

113-120

Percussive

57-64

Brass

121-128

Sound Effects

9-16

General MIDI Level 1 Instrument Patch Map Note: While GM1 does not define the actual characteristics of any sounds, the names in parentheses after each of the synth leads, pads, and sound effects are, in particular, intended only as guides). PC#

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Instrument Name

PC#

Instrument Name

1.

Acoustic Grand Piano

65.

Soprano Sax

2.

Bright Acoustic Piano

66.

Alto Sax

3.

Electric Grand Piano

67.

Tenor Sax

4.

Honky-tonk Piano

68.

Baritone Sax

5.

Electric Piano 1

69.

Oboe

6.

Electric Piano 2

70.

English Horn

7.

Harpsichord

71.

Bassoon

8.

Clavi

72.

Clarinet

9.

Celesta

73.

Piccolo

10.

Glockenspiel

74.

Flute

11.

Music Box

75.

Recorder

12.

Vibraphone

76.

Pan Flute

13.

Marimba

77.

Blown Bottle

14.

Xylophone

78.

Shakuhachi

15.

Tubular Bells

79.

Whistle

16.

Dulcimer

80.

Ocarina

17.

Drawbar Organ

81.

Lead 1 (square)

18.

Percussive Organ

82.

Lead 2 (sawtooth)

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GM1 Sound Set


19.

Rock Organ

83.

Lead 3 (calliope)

20.

Church Organ

84.

Lead 4 (chiff)

21.

Reed Organ

85.

Lead 5 (charang)

22.

Accordion

86.

Lead 6 (voice)

23.

Harmonica

87.

Lead 7 (fifths)

24.

Tango Accordion

88.

Lead 8 (bass + lead)

25.

Acoustic Guitar (nylon)

89.

Pad 1 (new age)

26.

Acoustic Guitar (steel)

90.

Pad 2 (warm)

27.

Electric Guitar (jazz)

91.

Pad 3 (polysynth)

28.

Electric Guitar (clean)

92.

Pad 4 (choir)

29.

Electric Guitar (muted)

93.

Pad 5 (bowed)

30.

Overdriven Guitar

94.

Pad 6 (metallic)

31.

Distortion Guitar

95.

Pad 7 (halo)

32.

Guitar harmonics

96.

Pad 8 (sweep)

33.

Acoustic Bass

97.

FX 1 (rain)

34.

Electric Bass (finger)

98.

FX 2 (soundtrack)

35.

Electric Bass (pick)

99.

FX 3 (crystal)

36.

Fretless Bass

100.

FX 4 (atmosphere)

37.

Slap Bass 1

101.

FX 5 (brightness)

38.

Slap Bass 2

102.

FX 6 (goblins)

39.

Synth Bass 1

103.

FX 7 (echoes)

40.

Synth Bass 2

104.

FX 8 (sci-fi)

41.

Violin

105.

Sitar

42.

Viola

106.

Banjo

43.

Cello

107.

Shamisen

44.

Contrabass

108.

Koto

45.

Tremolo Strings

109.

Kalimba

46.

Pizzicato Strings

110.

Bag pipe

47.

Orchestral Harp

111.

Fiddle

48.

Timpani

112.

Shanai

49.

String Ensemble 1

113.

Tinkle Bell

50.

String Ensemble 2

114.

Agogo

51.

SynthStrings 1

115.

Steel Drums

52.

SynthStrings 2

116.

Woodblock

53.

Choir Aahs

117.

Taiko Drum

54.

Voice Oohs

118.

Melodic Tom

55.

Synth Voice

119.

Synth Drum

56.

Orchestra Hit

120.

Reverse Cymbal

57.

Trumpet

121.

Guitar Fret Noise

58.

Trombone

122.

Breath Noise

59.

Tuba

123.

Seashore

60.

Muted Trumpet

124.

Bird Tweet

61.

French Horn

125.

Telephone Ring

62.

Brass Section

126.

Helicopter

63.

SynthBrass 1

127.

Applause

64.

SynthBrass 2

128.

Gunshot

General MIDI Level 1 Percussion Key Map On MIDI Channel 10, each MIDI Note number ("Key#") corresponds to a different drum sound, as shown below. GM-compatible instruments must have the sounds on the keys shown here. While many current instruments also have additional sounds above or below the range show here, and may even have additional "kits" with variations of these sounds, only these sounds are supported by General MIDI Level 1 devices.

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GM1 Sound Set


Key#

Drum Sound

Key#

Drum Sound

35

Acoustic Bass Drum

59

Ride Cymbal 2

36

Bass Drum 1

60

Hi Bongo

37

Side Stick

61

Low Bongo

38

Acoustic Snare

62

Mute Hi Conga

39

Hand Clap

63

Open Hi Conga

40

Electric Snare

64

Low Conga

41

Low Floor Tom

65

High Timbale

42

Closed Hi Hat

66

Low Timbale

43

High Floor Tom

67

High Agogo

44

Pedal Hi-Hat

68

Low Agogo

45

Low Tom

69

Cabasa

46

Open Hi-Hat

70

Maracas

47

Low-Mid Tom

71

Short Whistle

48

Hi-Mid Tom

72

Long Whistle

49

Crash Cymbal 1

73

Short Guiro

50

High Tom

74

Long Guiro

51

Ride Cymbal 1

75

Claves

52

Chinese Cymbal

76

Hi Wood Block

53

Ride Bell

77

Low Wood Block

54

Tambourine

78

Mute Cuica

55

Splash Cymbal

79

Open Cuica

56

Cowbell

80

Mute Triangle

57

Crash Cymbal 2

81

Open Triangle

58

Vibraslap

To General MIDI Information Page

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General MIDI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_MIDI

General MIDI From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

General MIDI or GM is a standardized specification for music synthesizers that respond to MIDI messages. GM was developed by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee (JMSC) and first published in 1991. The official specification is available in English from the MMA, bound together with the MIDI 1.0 specification, and in Japanese from the Association of Musical Electronic Industry (AMEI). GM imposes several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI 1.0 specification. While MIDI 1.0 by itself provides a communications protocol which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level (e.g., that pressing keys on a MIDI keyboard will cause an attached MIDI sound module to play musical notes), GM goes further in two ways: it requires that all GM-compatible synthesizers meet a certain minimal set of features, such as being able to play at least 24 notes simultaneously (polyphony), and it attaches specific interpretations to many parameters and control messages which were left under-specified in the MIDI 1.0 spec, such as defining instrument sounds for each of the 128 possible program numbers. GM synthesizers are required to be able to: Allow 24 voices to be active simultaneously (including at least 16 melodic and 8 percussive voices) Respond to note velocity Support all 16 channels simultaneously (with channel 10 reserved for percussion) Support polyphony (multiple simultaneous notes) on each channel

Contents 1 Parameter interpretations 1.1 Program change events 1.2 Melodic sounds 1.2.1 Piano 1.2.2 Chromatic Percussion 1.2.3 Organ 1.2.4 Guitar 1.2.5 Bass 1.2.6 Strings 1.2.7 Ensemble 1.2.8 Brass 1.2.9 Reed 1.2.10 Pipe 1.2.11 Synth Lead 1.2.12 Synth Pad 1.2.13 Synth Effects 1.2.14 Ethnic 1.2.15 Percussive 1.2.16 Sound effects 1.3 Percussion 1.4 Controller events 1.5 RPN 1.6 System Exclusive messages 2 GS extensions 3 General MIDI Level 2 4 General MIDI sound modules 5 See also 6 References 7 External links 8 Official MIDI Standards Organizations

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Parameter interpretations GM Instruments must also obey the following conventions for program and controller events:

Program change events In MIDI, the instrument sound or "program" for each of the 16 possible MIDI channels is selected with the Program Change message, which has a Program Number parameter. The following table shows which instrument sound corresponds to each of the 128 possible Program Numbers for GM only. Note that for purposes of computer programming, this table should start at 0 instead of 1 and thus use all of the 8-bit range (0-127) allowed by the MIDI Program Change message. It should also be noted that some MIDI keyboards display these Program Numbers as shown in the table (1-128), whereas others show the range as actually coded in the Program Change message (0-127).

Melodic sounds Piano 1 Acoustic Grand Piano 2 Bright Acoustic Piano 3 Electric Grand Piano 4 Honky-tonk Piano 5 Electric Piano 1 6 Electric Piano 2 7 Harpsichord 8 Clavinet Chromatic Percussion 9 Celesta 10 Glockenspiel 11 Music Box 12 Vibraphone 13 Marimba 14 Xylophone 15 Tubular Bells 16 Dulcimer Organ 17 Drawbar Organ 18 Percussive Organ 19 Rock Organ 20 Church Organ 21 Reed Organ 22 Accordion 23 Harmonica 24 Tango Accordion Guitar 25 Acoustic Guitar (nylon) 26 Acoustic Guitar (steel) 27 Electric Guitar (jazz) 28 Electric Guitar (clean) 29 Electric Guitar (muted) 30 Overdriven Guitar

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31 Distortion Guitar 32 Guitar Harmonics Bass 33 Acoustic Bass 34 Electric Bass (finger) 35 Electric Bass (pick) 36 Fretless Bass 37 Slap Bass 1 38 Slap Bass 2 39 Synth Bass 1 40 Synth Bass 2 Strings 41 Violin 42 Viola 43 Cello 44 Contrabass 45 Tremolo Strings 46 Pizzicato Strings 47 Orchestral Harp 48 Timpani Ensemble 49 String Ensemble 1 50 String Ensemble 2 51 Synth Strings 1 52 Synth Strings 2 53 Choir Aahs 54 Voice Oohs 55 Synth Choir 56 Orchestra Hit Brass 57 Trumpet 58 Trombone 59 Tuba 60 Muted Trumpet 61 French Horn 62 Brass Section 63 Synth Brass 1 64 Synth Brass 2 Reed 65 Soprano Sax 66 Alto Sax 67 Tenor Sax 68 Baritone Sax 69 Oboe 70 English Horn 71 Bassoon

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72 Clarinet Pipe 73 Piccolo 74 Flute 75 Recorder 76 Pan Flute 77 Blown Bottle 78 Shakuhachi 79 Whistle 80 Ocarina Synth Lead 81 Lead 1 (square) 82 Lead 2 (sawtooth) 83 Lead 3 (calliope) 84 Lead 4 (chiff) 85 Lead 5 (charang) 86 Lead 6 (voice) 87 Lead 7 (fifths) 88 Lead 8 (bass + lead) Synth Pad 89 Pad 1 (new age) 90 Pad 2 (warm) 91 Pad 3 (polysynth) 92 Pad 4 (choir) 93 Pad 5 (bowed) 94 Pad 6 (metallic) 95 Pad 7 (halo) 96 Pad 8 (sweep) Synth Effects 97 FX 1 (rain) 98 FX 2 (soundtrack) 99 FX 3 (crystal) 100 FX 4 (atmosphere) 101 FX 5 (brightness) 102 FX 6 (goblins) 103 FX 7 (echoes) 104 FX 8 (sci-fi) Ethnic 105 Sitar 106 Banjo 107 Shamisen 108 Koto 109 Kalimba 110 Bagpipe 111 Fiddle 112 Shanai

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Percussive 113 Tinkle Bell 114 Agogo 115 Steel Drums 116 Woodblock 117 Taiko Drum 118 Melodic Tom 119 Synth Drum Sound effects 120 Reverse Cymbal 121 Guitar Fret Noise 122 Breath Noise 123 Seashore 124 Bird Tweet 125 Telephone Ring 126 Helicopter 127 Applause 128 Gunshot

Percussion In GM, MIDI channel 10 is reserved for percussion instruments only. Notes played on channel 10 always produce percussion sounds regardless of any Program Change messages or Program Numbers that may have been sent on channel 10. Each of the 128 different possible note numbers is interpreted as a separate, different instrument, and the percussion sound's pitch is not related to the note number: Bass Drum 2 Bass Drum 1 Side Stick/Rimshot Snare Drum 1 Hand Clap Snare Drum 2 Low Tom 2 Closed Hi-hat Low Tom 1 Pedal Hi-hat Mid Tom 2 Open Hi-hat Mid Tom 1 High Tom 2 Crash Cymbal 1 High Tom 1 Ride Cymbal 1 Chinese Cymbal Ride Bell Tambourine Splash Cymbal Cowbell Crash Cymbal 2 Vibra Slap Ride Cymbal 2 High Bongo Low Bongo

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GM Standard Drum Map

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Mute High Conga Open High Conga Low Conga High Timbale Low Timbale High Agogô Low Agogô Cabasa Maracas Short Whistle Long Whistle Short Güiro Long Güiro Claves High Wood Block Low Wood Block Mute Cuíca Open Cuíca Mute Triangle Open Triangle In addition, some keyboards and MIDI devices also include additional percussion sounds below or above the ones listed here. Below the Bass Drum 2/Acoustic Bass Drum, from left to right, are: Zap/High Q/Click sound (24) Brush hit hard (25) Brush circle (26) Brush hit soft (27) Brush hit and circle (28) Drumroll (29) Castanets (30) Snare Drum 3 (same tone as drumroll snare) (31) Drumsticks hitting each other (32) Bass Drum 3 (33) Hard hit snare (34) Above the Open Triangle sound on the keyboard, some keyboards and MIDI devices also include the following sounds: Shaker (82) Jingle bell/Sleigh bells (83) Bell tree (84)

Controller events In MIDI, adjustable parameters for each of the 16 possible MIDI channels may be set with the Control Change message, which has a Control Number parameter and a Control Value parameter. GM also specifies which operations should be performed by multiple Control Numbers:[1] (http://www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php#3) [2] (http://www.indiana.edu/~emusic /cntrlnumb.html) 1 Modulation wheel 6 Data Entry MSB 7 Volume 10 Pan 11 Expression 38 Data Entry LSB 64 Sustain pedal 91 Reverb level 92 Tremolo level 93 Chorus level 94 Celeste level 95 Phaser level

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98 Non-registered Parameter LSB 99 Non-registered Parameter MSB 100 Registered Parameter Number LSB 101 Registered Parameter Number MSB 121 All controllers off 123 All notes off

RPN GM defines several Registered Parameters, which act like Controllers but are addressed in a different way. In MIDI, every Registered Parameter is assigned a Registered Parameter Number or RPN. Registered Parameters are usually called RPNs for short. Setting Registered Parameters requires sending (numbers are decimal): 1. two Control Change messages using Control Numbers 101 and 100 to select the parameter, followed by 2. any number of Data Entry messages of one or two bytes (MSB = Controller #6, LSB = Controller #38), and finally 3. an "End of RPN" message The following global Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs) are standardised [1] (the parameter is specified by RPN LSB/MSB pair and the value is set by Data Entry LSB/MSB pair): 0,0 Pitch bend range 1,0 Channel Fine tuning 2,0 Channel Coarse tuning 3,0 Tuning Program Change 4,0 Tuning Bank Select 5,0 Modulation Depth Range 127,127 RPN Null

For example: RPN control sequence to set coarse tuning to A440 (parm 2, value 64): 101:0, 100:2, 6:64, 101:127, 100:127

System Exclusive messages Two GM System Exclusive ("SysEx") messages are defined: one to enable and disable General MIDI compatibility mode (for synthesizers that also have non-GM modes); and the other to set the synthesizer's master volume.

GS extensions Main article: Roland GS A superset of the General MIDI standard, added several proprietary extensions. The most notable addition was the ability to address multiple banks of programs (instrument sounds) by using an additional pair of Bank Select controllers to specify up to 16384 'variation' sounds (cc#0 is Bank Select MSB, and cc#32 is Bank Select LSB). Other most notable features were 9 Drum kits with 14 additional drum sounds each, Control Change messages for controlling the send level of sound effect blocks (cc#91-94), entering additional parameters (cc#98-101), portamento, sostenuto, soft pedal (cc#65-67), and model-specific SysEx messages for setting various parameters of the synth engine. GS was introduced with the Roland Sound Canvas line, which was also Roland's first General MIDI synth module.

General MIDI Level 2 Main article: General MIDI Level 2 In 1999, the official GM standard was updated to include more controllers, patches, RPNs and SysEx messages, in an attempt to reconcile the conflicting and proprietary Roland GS and Yamaha XG additions. Here's a quick overview of the GM2 changes in comparison to GM/GS: 7 of 9

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Number of Notes - minimum 32 simultaneous notes Simultaneous Percussion Kits - up to 2 (Channels 10/11) Up to 16384 variation banks are allowed, each containing a version of the 128 Melodic Sounds (the exact use of these banks is up to the individual manufacturer.) 9 GS Drum kits are included Additional Control Change messages Filter Resonance (Timbre/Harmonic Intensity) (cc#71) Release Time (cc#72) Attack time (cc#73) Brightness/Cutoff Frequency (cc#74) Decay Time (cc#75) Vibrato Rate (cc#76) Vibrato Depth (cc#77) Vibrato Delay (cc#78) Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs) Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range) Universal SysEx messages Master Volume, Fine Tuning, Coarse Tuning Reverb Type, Time Chorus Type, Mod Rate, Mod Depth, Feedback, Send to Reverb Controller Destination Setting Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust Key-Based Instrument Controllers GM2 System On SysEx message Additional melodic instruments can be accessed by setting CC#32 to 121 and then using CC#0 to select the bank before a Program Change. The most expanded group is Acoustic Pianos.

General MIDI sound modules Roland's Sound Canvas series, starting with Roland SC-55 Various modules in Yamaha's Tone Generator series Korg 03R/W Korg 05R/W

See also Comparison of MIDI standards SoundFont

References 1. ^ MIDI Messages Table 3 (http://www.midi.org/about-midi/table3.shtml)

External links NEMIDi (http://en.nemidi.com) - Online Midi Editor MIDI Technical Fanatic's Brainwashing Center (http://home.roadrunner.com/~jgglatt/) The Void: PC audio resource (http://www.voidaudio.net/) MIDIsite (http://www.midisite.co.uk/) a search engine for free midi files on the Internet Disklavier World (http://www.kuhmann.com/Yamaha.htm) Public Domain MIDI-music in FIL (e-SEQ format) for YAMAHA Disklavier pianos ~ live performances! MIDI Wars (http://midiwars.nfshost.com) MIDI tournaments for composers of original MIDI music MIDI basics (http://homerecording.guidento.com/midi.htm) guide on the history of MIDI format and piano roll basics.

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General MIDI Level 2 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_MIDI_Level_2

General MIDI Level 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI and GS extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA).

Contents 1 General requirements 2 Parameters 2.1 Program and bank change events 2.1.1 Melodic sounds 2.1.2 Piano 2.1.3 Chromatic Percussion 2.1.4 Organ 2.1.5 Guitar 2.1.6 Bass 2.1.7 Orchestra Solo 2.1.8 Orchestra Ensemble 2.1.9 Brass 2.1.10 Reed 2.1.11 Wind 2.1.12 Synth Lead 2.1.13 Synth Pad 2.1.14 Synth Sound FX 2.1.15 Ethnic 2.1.16 Percussive 2.1.17 Sound Effect 2.1.18 Drum sounds 2.2 Additional percussion notes 2.3 Supported Control Change messages 2.4 Supported Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs) 2.5 Supported Universal System Exclusive (SysEx) messages 3 See also 4 External links

General requirements Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes MIDI Channels: 16 Simultaneous Melodic Instruments - up to 16 (all Channels) Simultaneous Percussion Kits - up to 2 (Channel 10/11)

Parameters Program and bank change events General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains full GM sound set. Melodic sounds

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Piano

Patch Number Bank Number 1

2 3 4

5

6

7

8

Instrument Name

0

Acoustic Grand Piano

1

Wide Acoustic Grand

2

Dark Acoustic Grand

0

Bright Acoustic Piano

1

Wide Bright Acoustic

0

Electric Grand Piano

1

Wide Electric Grand

0

Honky-tonk Piano

1

Wide Honky-tonk

0

Rhodes Piano

1

Detuned Electric Piano 1

2

Electric Piano 1 Variation

3

60's Electric Piano

0

Chorused Electric Piano

1

Detuned Electric Piano 2

2

Electric Piano 2 Variation

3

Electric Piano Legend

4

Electric Piano Phase

0

Harpsichord

1

Coupled Harpsichord

2

Wide Harpsichord

3

Open Harpsichord

0

Clavinet

1

Pulse Clavinet

Chromatic Percussion


0

Celesta

10

0

Glockenspiel

11

0

Music Box

0

Vibraphone

1

Wet Vibraphone

0

Marimba

1

Wide Marimba

14

0

Xylophone

15

0

Tubular Bell

12 13

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Instrument Name

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16

1

Church Bell

2

Carillon

0

Santur


Organ

Patch Number Bank Number

Instrument Name

0

Hammond Organ

1

Detuned Organ 1

2

60's Organ 1

3

Organ 4

0

Percussive Organ

1

Detuned Organ 2

2

Organ 5

0

Rock Organ

0

Church Organ 1

1

Church Organ 2

2

Church Organ 3

0

Reed Organ

1

Puff Organ

0

French Accordion

1

Italian Accordion

23

0

Harmonica

24

0

Bandoneon

17

18 19 20

21 22

Guitar


25

26

27 28

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Instrument Name

0

Nylon-String Guitar

1

Ukulele

2

Open Nylon Guitar

3

Nylon Guitar 2

0

Steel-String Guitar

1

12-String Guitar

2

Mandolin

3

Steel + Body

0

Jazz Guitar

1

Hawaiian Guitar

0

Clean Electric Guitar

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29

30

31

32

1

Chorus Guitar

2

Mid Tone Guitar

0

Muted Electric Guitar

1

Funk Guitar

2

Funk Guitar 2

3

Jazz Man

0

Overdriven Guitar

1

Guitar Pinch

0

Distortion Guitar

1

Feedback Guitar

2

Distortion Rtm Guitar

0

Guitar Harmonics

1

Guitar Feedback


Bass


Instrument Name

0

Acoustic Bass

0

Fingered Bass

1

Finger Slap

35

0

Picked Bass

36

0

Fretless Bass

37

0

Slap Bass 1

38

0

Slap Bass 2

0

Synth Bass 1

1

Synth Bass 101

2

Synth Bass 3

3

Clavi Bass

4

Hammer

0

Synth Bass 2

1

Synth Bass 4

2

Rubber Bass

3

Attack Pulse

34

39

40

Orchestra Solo


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Instrument Name

0

Violin

1

Slow Violin

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42

0

Viola

43

0

Cello

44

0

Contrabass

45

0

Tremolo Strings

46

0

Pizzicato Strings

0

Harp

1

Yang Qin

0

Timpani

47 48


Orchestra Ensemble

Patch Number Bank Number 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

56

Instrument Name

0

String Ensemble

1

Orchestra Strings

2

60's Strings

0

Slow String Ensemble

0

Synth Strings 1

1

Synth Strings 3

0

Synth Strings 2

0

Choir Aahs

1

Choir Aahs 2

0

Voice Oohs

1

Humming

0

Synth Voice

1

Analog Voice

0

Orchestra Hit

1

Bass Hit

2

6th Hit

3

Euro Hit

Brass


58 59

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Instrument Name

0

Trumpet

1

Dark Trumpet

0

Trombone

1

Trombone 2

2

Bright Trombone

0

Tuba

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60 61 62

63

64

0

Muted Trumpet

1

Muted Trumpet 2

0

French Horns

1

French Horn 2

0

Brass Section 1

1

Brass Section 2

0

Synth Brass 1

1

Synth Brass 3

2

Analog Brass 1

3

Jump Brass

0

Synth Brass 2

1

Synth Brass 4

2

Analog Brass 2


Reed


Instrument Name

65

0

Soprano Sax

66

0

Alto Sax

67

0

Tenor Sax

68

0

Baritone Sax

69

0

Oboe

70

0

English Horn

71

0

Bassoon

72

0

Clarinet

Wind


Instrument Name

73

0

Piccolo

74

0

Flute

75

0

Recorder

76

0

Pan Flute

77

0

Bottle Blow

78

0

Shakuhachi

79

0

Whistle

80

0

Ocarina

Synth Lead

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Instrument Name

0

Square Lead

1

Square Wave

2

Sine Wave

0

Saw Lead

1

Saw Wave

2

Doctor Solo

3

Natural Lead

4

Sequenced Saw

83

0

Synth Calliope

84

0

Chiffer Lead

0

Charang

1

Wire Lead

86

0

Solo Synth Vox

87

0

5th Saw Wave

0

Bass & Lead

1

Delayed Lead

81

82

85

88


Synth Pad


Instrument Name

0

Fantasia Pad

0

Warm Pad

1

Sine Pad

0

Polysynth Pad

0

Space Voice Pad

1

Itopia

93

0

Bowed Glass Pad

94

0

Metal Pad

95

0

Halo Pad

96

0

Sweep Pad

90 91 92

Synth Sound FX


0

Ice Rain

98

0

Soundtrack

0

Crystal

1

Synth Mallet

99

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Instrument Name

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100

0

Atmosphere

101

0

Brightness

102

0

Goblin

0

Echo Drops

1

Echo Bell

2

Echo Pan

0

Star Theme

103 104


Ethnic


Instrument Name

0

Sitar

1

Sitar 2

106

0

Banjo

107

0

Shamisen

0

Koto

1

Taisho Koto

109

0

Kalimba

110

0

Bagpipe

111

0

Fiddle

112

0

Shanai

105

108

Percussive


0

Tinkle Bell

114

0

Agogo

115

0

Steel Drums

0

Woodblock

1

Castanets

0

Taiko

1

Concert Bass Drum

0

Melodic Tom 1

1

Melodic Tom 2

0

Synth Drum

1

808 Tom

2

Electric Percussion

0

Reverse Cymbal

116 117 118

119 120

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Instrument Name

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Sound Effect


122

123

124

125

126

127

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Instrument Name

0

Guitar Fret Noise

1

Guitar Cut Noise

2

String Slap

0

Breath Noise

1

Flute Key Click

0

Seashore

1

Rain

2

Thunder

3

Wind

4

Stream

5

Bubble

0

Bird

1

Dog

2

Horse-Gallop

3

Bird 2

0

Telephone 1

1

Telephone 2

2

Door Creaking

3

Door Closing

4

Scratch

5

Wind Chimes

0

Helicopter

1

Car-Engine

2

Car-Stop

3

Car-Pass

4

Car-Crash

5

Siren

6

Train

7

Jetplane

8

Starship

9

Burst Noise

0

Applause

1

Laughing

2

Screaming

3

Punch

4

Heart Beat

5

Footsteps

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128


0

Gun Shot

1

Machine Gun

2

Lasergun

3

Explosion

Drum sounds These are the same patch numbers as defined in GS. Drum bank is accessed by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 120 and cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to 0 and PC (Program Change) to select drum kit. 1 Standard Kit - the only kit specified by General MIDI Level 1 9 Room Kit - more ambient percussive sounds 17 Power Kit - more powerful kick and snare sounds 25 Electronic Kit - emulations of various electronic drum machines 26 TR-808 Kit - analog drum kit similar to Roland TR-808 33 Jazz Kit - nearly identical to the Standard kit 41 Brush Kit - many brush sounds added 49 Orchestra Kit - a collection of concert drums and timpani 57 Sound FX Kit - a collection of sound effects 128 CM-64/CM-32L - the standard MT-32 Drum Kit

Additional percussion notes These are the same GS drum notes and span Drum Kits 1 to 49: 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

High Q Slap Scratch Scratch Sticks Square Metronome Metronome

82 83 84 85 86 87

Shaker Jingle Bell Belltree Castanets Mute Surdo Open Surdo

Supported Control Change messages (Some messages are optional) Bank Select (cc#0/32) Modulation Depth (cc#1) Portamento Time (cc#5) Channel Volume (cc#7) Pan (cc#10) Expression (cc#11) Hold1 (Damper) (cc#64) Portamento ON/OFF (cc#65) Sostenuto (cc#66) Soft (cc#67)

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Filter Resonance (Timbre/Harmonic Intensity) (cc#71) Release Time (cc#72) Attack Time (cc#73) Brightness (cc#74) Decay Time (cc#75) (new message) Vibrato Rate (cc#76) (new message) Vibrato Depth (cc#77) (new message) Vibrato Delay (cc#78) (new message) Reverb Send Level (cc#91) Chorus Send Level (cc#93) Data Entry (cc#6/38) RPN LSB/MSB (cc#100/101)

Supported Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs) Pitch Bend Sensitivity Channel Fine Tune Channel Coarse Tune Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range) RPN NULL

Supported Universal System Exclusive (SysEx) messages Master Volume Master Fine Tuning Master Coarse Tuning Reverb Type Reverb Time Chorus Type Chorus Mod Rate Chorus Mod Depth Chorus Feedback Chorus Send to Reverb Controller Destination Setting Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust Key-Based Instrument Controllers GM2 System On

See also Comparison of MIDI standards

External links MIDI Manufacturers Association (http://www.midi.org/) (MMA) MIDI Technical Fanatic's Brainwashing Center (http://www.blitter.com/~russtopia/MIDI/~jglatt/) Smithers, Brian. "General MIDI Redux" (http://emusician.com/mag/emusic_general_midi_redux/index.html) . Electronic Musician. http://emusician.com/mag/emusic_general_midi_redux/index.html. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_MIDI_Level_2" Categories: MIDI standards | MIDI This page was last modified on 9 July 2010 at 04:46. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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GM1

http://www.infocellar.com/sound/midi/gm1.htm

General Midi (GM) GM1, GM2, and GM Lite In September of 1991 the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee (JMSC) created the "General MIDI Level 1" spec. It was designed to provide a minimum level of performance compatibility among MIDI instruments. Still, many manufacturers felt there needed to be additional functionality. In 1999, General MIDI 2 was released, which included a group of extensions to GM1. All GM2 devices are backward compatible with GM1 !! The General MIDI Lite device specification was released in 2001, and is intended for equipment that does not have the capability to support the full feature set defined in General MIDI 1.

General Midi 1 GM (General Midi) is a set of 128 Midi instruments, including drums. It is the most widely used Midi set, and is used by virtually all of the synthesized midi codecs. Most sound cards now come with a wavetable, but the table is based on the GM1, 128-instrument patch map. Before the advent of General Midi - the old MIDI files created for use with one instrument could sound utterly different when played back on another system !! In order to overcome this problem, General MIDI or GM was introduced in 1991. On any GM instrument, for instance, patch number 13 will be "marimba", though different GM instruments may have different ways of synthesizing the sound of the marimba. NOTE: instruments are also called "voices" or "presets"

General MIDI Level 1 Sound Set General MIDI's most recognized feature is the defined list of sounds or "patches". However, General MIDI does not actually define the way the sound will be reproduced, only the name of that sound. Though this can obviously result in wide variations in performance from the same song data on different GM sound sources, the authors of General MIDI felt it important to allow each manufacturer to have their own ideas and express their personal aesthetics when it comes to picking the exact timbres for each sound. Each manufacturer must insure that their sounds provide an acceptable representation of song data written for General MIDI. Guidelines for developing GM compatible sound sets and song data are available through the MMA.

General MIDI Level 1 Instrument Patch Map The names of the instruments indicate what sort of sound will be heard when that instrument number (MIDI Program Change or "PC#") is selected on the GM1 synthesizer. These sounds are the same for all MIDI Channels except Channel 10, which has only percussion sounds and some sound "effects". GM1 Instrument Families The General MIDI Level 1 instrument sounds are grouped by families. In each family are 8 specific instruments.

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GM1


PC# 1-8 9-16 17-24 25-32 33-40 41-48 49-56 57-64

Family Piano Chromatic Percussion Organ Guitar Bass Strings Ensemble Brass

PC# 65-72 73-80 81-88 89-96 97-104 105-112 113-120 121-128

Family Reed Pipe Synth Lead Synth Pad Synth Effects Ethnic Percussive Sound Effects

GM1 Instrument Patch Map Note: While GM1 does not define the actual characteristics of any sounds, the names in parentheses after each of the synth leads, pads, and sound effects are, in particular, intended only as guides). PC# 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.

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Instrument Acoustic Grand Piano Bright Acoustic Piano Electric Grand Piano Honky-tonk Piano Electric Piano 1 Electric Piano 2 Harpsichord Clavi Celesta Glockenspiel Music Box Vibraphone Marimba Xylophone Tubular Bells Dulcimer Drawbar Organ Percussive Organ Rock Organ Church Organ Reed Organ Accordion Harmonica Tango Accordion Acoustic Guitar (nylon) Acoustic Guitar (steel) Electric Guitar (jazz) Electric Guitar (clean) Electric Guitar (muted) Overdriven Guitar Distortion Guitar Guitar harmonics Acoustic Bass Electric Bass (finger) Electric Bass (pick) Fretless Bass Slap Bass 1 Slap Bass 2 Synth Bass 1 Synth Bass 2 Violin Viola Cello Contrabass Tremolo Strings Pizzicato Strings Orchestral Harp Timpani

65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112.

Soprano Sax Alto Sax Tenor Sax Baritone Sax Oboe English Horn Bassoon Clarinet Piccolo Flute Recorder Pan Flute Blown Bottle Shakuhachi Whistle Ocarina Lead 1 (square) Lead 2 (sawtooth) Lead 3 (calliope) Lead 4 (chiff) Lead 5 (charang) Lead 6 (voice) Lead 7 (fifths) Lead 8 (bass + lead) Pad 1 (new age) Pad 2 (warm) Pad 3 (polysynth) Pad 4 (choir) Pad 5 (bowed) Pad 6 (metallic) Pad 7 (halo) Pad 8 (sweep) FX 1 (rain) FX 2 (soundtrack) FX 3 (crystal) FX 4 (atmosphere) FX 5 (brightness) FX 6 (goblins) FX 7 (echoes) FX 8 (sci-fi) Sitar Banjo Shamisen Koto Kalimba Bag pipe Fiddle Shanai

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GM1


49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.

String Ensemble 1 String Ensemble 2 SynthStrings 1 SynthStrings 2 Choir Aahs Voice Oohs Synth Voice Orchestra Hit Trumpet Trombone Tuba Muted Trumpet French Horn Brass Section SynthBrass 1 SynthBrass 2

113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128.

Tinkle Bell Agogo Steel Drums Woodblock Taiko Drum Melodic Tom Synth Drum Reverse Cymbal Guitar Fret Noise Breath Noise Seashore Bird Tweet Telephone Ring Helicopter Applause Gunshot

General MIDI Level 1 Percussion Key Map On MIDI Channel 10, each MIDI Note number ("Key#") corresponds to a different drum sound, as shown below. GM-compatible instruments must have the sounds on the keys shown here. While many current instruments also have additional sounds above or below the range show here, and may even have additional "kits" with variations of these sounds, only these sounds are supported by General MIDI Level 1 devices. Key# Drum Sound Key# Drum Sound 35 Acoustic Bass Drum 59 Ride Cymbal 2 36 Bass Drum 1 60 Hi Bongo 37 Side Stick 61 Low Bongo 38 Acoustic Snare 62 Mute Hi Conga 39 Hand Clap 63 Open Hi Conga 40 Electric Snare 64 Low Conga 41 Low Floor Tom 65 High Timbale 42 Closed Hi Hat 66 Low Timbale 43 High Floor Tom 67 High Agogo 44 Pedal Hi-Hat 68 Low Agogo 45 Low Tom 69 Cabasa 46 Open Hi-Hat 70 Maracas 47 Low-Mid Tom 71 Short Whistle 48 Hi Mid Tom 72 Long Whistle 49 Crash Cymbal 1 73 Short Guiro 50 High Tom 74 Long Guiro 51 Ride Cymbal 1 75 Claves 52 Chinese Cymbal 76 Hi Wood Block 53 Ride Bell 77 Low Wood Block 54 Tambourine 78 Mute Cuica 55 Splash Cymbal 79 Open Cuica 56 Cowbell 80 Mute Triangle 57 Crash Cymbal 2 81 Open Triangle 58 Vibraslap

General Midi 2 General MIDI 2 Specification General MIDI 1 made great strides in the music industry by providing a platform for compatibility between device manufacturers and content providers. Still, many manufacturers felt there needed to be additional functionality. General MIDI 2 is a group of extensions made to General MIDI 1, which increases both the number of available sounds and the amount of control available for sound editing and musical performance.

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GM1


All GM2 devices are also fully compatible with General MIDI 1. To support these new GM2 features, the MIDI specification has been extended with numerous new messages. Portions of the MIDI Specification which have been enhanced include MIDI Tuning, Controllers, RPNs, and Universal System Exclusive Messages. Of particular significance are the new Universal System Exclusive Messages, including Controller Destination Setting, Key-Based Instrument Controllers, Global Parameter Control, and Master Fine/Coarse Tuning. Summary of GM2 Requirements GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes MIDI Channels: 16 - Simultaneous Melodic Instruments = up to 16 (all Channels) - Simultaneous Percussion Kits = up to 2 (Channel 10/11) SUPPORTED CONTROL CHANGE MESSAGES (Some Optional) - Bank Select (cc#0/32) - Modulation Depth (cc#1) - Portamento Time (cc#5) - Channel Volume (cc#7) - Pan (cc#10) - Expression (cc#11) - Hold1 (Damper) (cc#64) - Portamento ON/OFF (cc#65) - Sostenuto (cc#66) - Soft (cc#67) - Filter Resonance (Timbre/Harmonic Intensity) (cc#71) - Release Time (cc#72) - Attack time (cc#73) - Brightness (cc#74) - Decay Time (cc#75) - Vibrato Rate (cc#76) - Vibrato Depth (cc#77) - Vibrato Delay (cc#78) - Reverb Send Level (cc#91) - Chorus Send Level (cc#93) - Data Entry (cc#6/38) - RPN LSB/MSB (cc#100/101) SUPPORTED RPNs (Registered Parameter Numbers) - Pitch Bend Sensitivity - Channel Fine Tune - Channel Coarse Tune - New! Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range) - RPN NULL SUPPORTED UNIVERSAL SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE MESSAGES - Master Volume - New! Master Fine Tuning - New! Master Coarse Tuning - New! Reverb Type - New! Reverb Time - New! Chorus Type - New! Chorus Mod Rate - New! Chorus Mod Depth - New! Chorus Feedback - New! Chorus Send to Reverb - New! Controller Destination Setting - New! Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust - New! Key-Based Instrument Controllers - New! GM2 System On GM 2 INSTRUMENT SOUND SET GM 2 PERCUSSION SOUND SET

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General MIDI

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