Design of Machine Elements. Virgil Moring Faires. 0023359501 "A new machine is born because there is a real or imagined need for it. It evolves from someone's conception of a device wit…Full description
Design of Machine Elements. Virgil Moring Faires. 0023359501 "A new machine is born because there is a real or imagined need for it. It evolves from someone's conception of a device with which...
Design of Machine Elements. Virgil Moring Faires. 0023359501 "A new machine is born because there is a real or imagined need for it. It evolves from someone's conception of a device wit…Descrição completa
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ANIL KUMAR PATHAK ME(REGULAR) INSTUMENT INSTUM ENTA ATION AND CONTROL C ONTROL NITTTR, CHANDIGARH
It is possible and desirable to describe both the operation and the performance of measuring instrument and associated equipments.
Performance is described in terms of static and dynamic characteristics. Operation can be described in terms of functional elements.
Each functional element is made up of distinct component or group of components which perform the required and definite steps in measurement.
first receives energy from the measured medium and produces an output depending , in some way ,on the measured quantity (measurand).
An instrument always extracts some energy from the measured medium. Thus the measured quantity is always disturbed by the act of measurement, which makes a perfect measure theoretically impossible.
Good instruments are designed to minimize this loading
effect. This stage is also known as detector transducer stage.
The output of primary sensing element may be any electrical signal i.e. voltage, frequency etc or any physical variable like displacement etc.
convert the output signal of the primary sensing element to another more suitable variable, while preserving the information content of the original signal.
Sometimes it become necessary to manipulate the signal. change, in numerical value according to the some definite rule but a preservation of the physical nature of the variable, e.g. an electronic amplifier (analog). It does not necessarily follow the variable conversion element but may precede it. The combination of variable conversion element and variable manipulation elements is called signal or data conditioning element. These processes may be linear like amplification, integration ,addition etc or nonlinear like modulation , detection , sampling etc.
when the functional elements are separated, it becomes necessary to transmit the data from one to another. It may be as simple as shaft and bearing or as complicated as a telemetry system for transmitting the signals from satellites to ground.
presents the information about the measured quantity into a form recognizable by one of human senses. This function includes the simple indication of a pointer moving over a scale. These devices may be analog or digital indicating instruments like ammeter, voltmeter etc.
Sometimes it is necessary to record the measured data for further analysis. In case the data is to be recorded, recorders like magnetic tapes, high speed camera, storage type C.R.T C. R.T.. , printers or microprocessors may be used.