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Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Lab Report 2!" Reaction #ngineering $CKB 2!%&

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&he 'a( )rsyaduddi( *i( &he 'a( +a,-a

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Muhammad .shru *i( Mohd Nasir

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Moha Mohamm mmad ad a33 a33i i *i( *i( Sea Seama matt

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asser .ra6at *i( Mamat

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Lecturer Name:Miss Nur Rabiyah Submitted Date: 27/11/2015 27/11/2015 Group : 4 L!1"#1$

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Content

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!. 1ummary

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2. /ata and Results

%3

(. )nalysis and /iscussion

4

%. Conclusion and Recommendations

5

". Tu Tutorial torial

!!!

6. References

!2

3. )ppendices )ppendices

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2

!. 1UMM)R7

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;iure 1 : &aibratio( cur8e

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;iure 1 : &aibratio( cur8e

;iure 2: Graph co(8ersio( 8s% reactio( time 6or the ;o-rate 100 mL/mi(

;iure : Graph co(8ersio( 8s% reactio( time 6or the ;o-rate 50 mL/mi(

1% Reactio Reactio( ( rate= rate= , a(d a(d rate rate o6 o6 reactio reactio(= (= "r  "r . B ,&.2 at 6o-rate 100 mL/mi(

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)( this e9perime(t a reactio( are carry out -hich is sapo(i6icatio( reactio( bet-ee( Sodium Sodium ydro9ide= ydro9ide= Na! a(d 4%5?% Mea(-hie= Mea(-hie= -he( 6o-rate 6o-rate 50 mL/mi(= the hihest co(8ersio(= co(8ersio(= E at a8erae reside(ce time= o6 2%1> mi( is 4%04?% 4%04?% *y compari( both 8aues 6or t-o di66ere(t 6o-rates= it sho- that the 6o-rate 100mL/mi( had the hihest co(8ersio(= E a(d 6or 6o-rate 50 mL/mi(= it had the o-est Reside(ce time= % )6 the i(6o- a(d out6o- are i(creased= the reside(ce time o6 the system -i be shorter % +hus 6or this theory= the e9perime(t obey the  a-%  Ne9t= the reactio( rate co(sta(t=  6or 6o-rate 100 mL/mi( is mo/Ls a(d the rate o6  reactio(= "r . is mo/Ls% ;or the 6o-rate 50 50 mL/mi( = the reactio( rate co(sta(t=  is mo/Ls a(d the rate o6 reactio(= "r . is mo/Ls% Ge(eray= the rate o6 reactio( -i i(crease as the 6o-rate i(crease a(d the co(8ersio( are aso i(crease% +he e9perime(t data aai( obey the theory e9cept 6or the co(8ersio( part at 6o-rates 50 mL/mi( -as decrease because o6 the 8aue o6 co(ducti8ity is (ot stabe yet thus this -i i8e e66ect to the 8aue o6 reactio( rate co(sta(t=  a(d reactio( o6 rate ="r .%% .%%+here are errors occurred i( the e9perime(t especiay duri( 50 mL/mi( 6eed 6o-rate% %. C0-CLU1I0- )-/ R#C0MM#-/)TI0-

+he obecti8es o6 this e9perime(t are to determi(e the reactio( rate co(sta(t= , a(d to determi(e the e66ect o6 reside(ce time o( the co(8ersio( i( a #;R% +heoreticay= hiher  reside(ce time because the reacta(ts ca( be hed toether 6or o(er time i( the reactor% So that= the moecues o6 reacta(ts ha8e su66icie(t time to react each other% )( other to i(itiate the reactio(= the moecues must coide to each other more 6reue(t i( riht orie(tatio( e66ecti8e 6reue(t coisio($% +here6ore= i6 the reside(ce time hiher= more moecues -i coide each other= i(creasi( the e66ecti8e 6reue(t coisio( to occur thus i(crease the rate o6 reactio(% ;rom the resut= it sho-ed obeys the theory% ;rom the theory= as the rate o6 reactio( i(crease= the co(8ersio( o6 the reacta(t -i i(crease% ;rom the resut= it sho-s the e9perime(t a(d the theory is the same% +his is pro8ed -he( the 6o-rate is i(creasi( the co(8ersio( aso i(crease% !(y 6or 6o-rate 50 mL/mi( the co(8ersio( is decrease -he( time is i(crease  because o6 6o-rate 8aue (ot co(sta(t% So it causes error i( e9perime(ta% +he resut aso sho-s that the reside(ce time is proportio(a to co(8ersio(% +his is because= hiher reside(ce time hed the reacta(t o(er i( the reactor thus i(crease the cha(e 6or reactio( to happe( a(d yiedi( hiher co(8ersio(% .s co(cusio(= the adustme(t i( 6o-rate ca( a66ect the rate o6 reactio( a(d at the same time a66ecti( the reside(ce time a(d co(8ersio( o6 #;R% .s recomme(datio(= i( order to et the most accurate readi(= the soutio( (eeds to 6o- throuh the stream thorouhy a(d e6t 6or some time% +his is to e(sure a the soutio( is 6o-i( e8e(y a(d a( accurate resut ca( be obtai(ed% +here6ore= to pre8e(t error duri( e9perime(ta is carry out speciay 6o-rate% Some modi6icatio( mecha(ism is (eeded to ma,e sure accurate resut ca( be obtai(ted% +he procedure ca( be re8ie- a(d ma,e hihiht to the importa(t importa(t step to ma,e sure stude(t stude(t ease to u(dersta(d a(d to pre8e(t pre8e(t error duri( e9perime(t%

". TUT0RI)L

1%

Discuss th the ad ad8a(taes a( a(d di disad8a(taes o6 o6 us usi( #; #;R re reactors i( i( chemica reactio(% Describe a( e9ampe o6 i(dustria appicatio(s that utii3ed #;R reactors i( its process% .d8a(taes

•


Disad8a(taes •

mo8i( parts% •

ih co(8ersio( rate per reactor

co(tro% •

8oume% •

Mecha(icay simpe%

Reactor temperature di66icut to

ot spots may occur -ithi( reactor -he( used 6or e9othermic reactio(s%

•

Di66icut to co(tro due to temperature a(d compositio( 8ariatio(s%

•

H(8aryi( product uaity%

•

Good 6or studyi( rapid reactio(s%

•

<66icie(t use o6 reactor 8oume%

•

Good 6or are capacity processes%

•

Lo- pressure drops%

•

+ubes are easy to cea(%

#u 6o- reactors ha8e a -ide 8ariety o6 appicatio(s appicatio(s i( either as or iuid phase systems% &ommo( i(dustria uses o6 tubuar reactors are i( asoi(e productio(= oi crac,i(= sy(thesis o6 ammo(ia 6rom its eeme(ts= a(d the o9idatio( o6 su6ur dio9ide to su6ur trio9ide% #ictured  beo- is a tubuar reactor used i( research o( the o9idatio( o6 (itroe( compou(ds% )t reaches temperatures o6 00 " 1100F&% +ubuar reactors ca( aso be used as bioreactors or 6or sma scae productio(% +he tubuar bioreactor sho-( beo- is used 6 or the productio( o6 aae% +he aae is the( compressed a(d dried a(d ca( be used as 6eed 6or a biodiese reactor%

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+he artice tited I. &omparati8e Study o6 Sapo(i6icatio( Reactio(J -ritte( -ritte( by Da(ish M%K a(d . Mes6er M% % Duri( this research= &&!!&25 hydroysis -ith Na! -as e9ami(ed= a(d e66ects o6 process co(ditio(s o( steady"state reactio( co(8ersio( a(d rate co(sta(t -ere a(ay3ed 6or #;R% Reactio( proressio( -as trac,ed by actua"time co(ducti8ity u(der 8arious process co(ditio(s% +he resuts obtai(ed 6or #;R -as a(ay3ed a(d compared%% +he obecti8es o6 the e9perime(ts are to e9ami(e the e66ect o6 process co(ditio(s o( steady state co(8ersio( a(d rate co(sta(t i( a #;R% +he 8ariabes e9ami(ed 6or comparati8e study are 6eed rate= temperature a(d reside(ce time% Data -ere coected at co(sta(t co(ce(tratio( o6 0%1 M o6 both the reacta(ts a(d at a co(sta(t pressure o6 1 atmosphere% . reactio( co(8ersio( o6 72%? a(d speci6ic rate co(sta(t o6 1%27 L/mo%sec -ere obtai(ed 6or #;R as compared -ith a decreased 8aue o6 4%>? u(der steady state co(ditio(s% &o(8ersio( i(creases -ith i(crease o6 temperature i( case o6 #;R u(der studied ra(e o6 temperature% Ma9imum co(8ersio( a(d rate co(sta(t o6 >%4? a(d 0%> L/mo%sec respecti8ey -ere obtai(ed 6or tubuar reactor% ;or #;R -ith a reactor 8oume o6 0%40 iter= reactio( co(8ersio( 8aries 6rom 50%4 ? to @%2 ? correspo(di( to 6o- rates o6 50 m/mi( to 0 m/mi( respecti8ey% )( #;R= reside(ce time decreases -ith i(creased 6eed rate a(d this eads to decreased 8aues o6 reactio( co(8ersio( 6or the reactors% +he resuts obtai(ed i( this i(8estiatio( may be use6u i( ma9imi3i( the i(dustria e8e productio( o6 desired product a(d to predict the type o6 6o- reactor more suitabe 6or ethy acetate sapo(i6icatio( reactio(% +his is because #;Rs are -idey 6amiiar as co(ti(uous tubuar reactor pay a ,ey roe i( chemica i(dustries% )( case o6 reuireme(t o6 co(ti(uous operatio(= tubuar reactors are 6reue(ty used but -ithout bac,"be(di( o6 reacta(ts a(d products% +he pu 6o- type co(ti(uous reactors o66er are 8oumetric reactio( co(8ersio( due to o-er yied o6 u(desired product% +he ad8a(taes o6 pu 6o- reactors i(cude hih 8oumetric u(it co(8ersio( a(d capabiity o6 ru((i( 6or o(er period -ithout mai(te(a(ce%

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