Teacher Ammani Jeya
POEMS INTRODUCTION What is a Poem?
•A poem is a piece of creative writing that is arranged in patterns of lines and sounds to give a certain effect to the reader. •The lines are arranged in stanza or verse form. The verses may e in rhyme an d eautiful language arranged in a particular way. way. •!or e"ample the repetition of certain words gives a certain sound effect that is pleasant and ma#es the poem en$oyale to read. •A poem may descrie a scene% a person% an animal or an e"perience and e"press the poet&s mood or feeling.
Elements of a Poem Theme
•The theme of a poem is the central idea that it e"presses. •'t could also e an insight that the poet wishes to share with the reader.
Moral Values
Some poems have moral values that aim to provide the reader with advice on some issues.
Persona
•The persona is the person the poet creates to spea# in the poem. 't can e the poet as him( herself or it can e someone else. •)hen the persona is someone else% the poet distances her(himself from what is eing said in the poem.
Setting
•The setting is the place and time when the event in the poem ta#es place. •'t could e in the past% present moment or the future and anywhere anywh ere in the world. 1
Teacher Ammani Jeya
Tone and Mood
•The mood of a poem e"presses the feelings or emotions that a poem arouses. 't tells us whether the poet is sad% happy% calm% angry and so forth. •The tone is the way the poet e"presses himself(herself and shows us his(her attitude towards a character or su$ect. The tone can e understood from the words the poet uses to e"press his(her feelings and attitude.
anguage and St!le
•Poems appeal to our five senses* hearing% sight% smell% touch and taste with the use of symols and imagery. •'magery creates a picture in our minds with the use of creative language. •Symols are things that represent something or give us information a out the setting. !or e"ample% a flag represents a country and paddy fields and uffaloes uffaloes tell us that the the setting is a village. •+reative language can include the following* ,a-meta"hors# which compare two things without the use of the word li#e% for e"ample layered with thinnest ice ,-"ersonifi$ation# where the poet writes aout things as though they were persons% for e"ample the wind howled ,c-onomato"oeia# which is a word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it descries% for e"ample% meow% roar. ,d-alliteration % which is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the eginning of several words close together. !or e"ample%Peter Piper pic#ed a pec# of pic#led peppers. ,e-assonan$e is a type of alliteration where vowel sounds soun ds create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences. !or e"ample% /o you use lue shoes0
The +harge of the 1ight 2ridge 2
Teacher Ammani Jeya
2y Alfred% 1ord Tennyson
%&out the "oet 3
Teacher Ammani Jeya
%lfred# ord Tenn!son was orn on 3 August% 4567 in 1incolnshire% England. 8e is one of most well9loved well9loved poets in the :ictorian ictorian period. !ourth of twelve twelve children% children% Tennyson Tennyson showed an early talent for writing. 8e attended grammar school until he was eleven and then tutored at home y his father in classical and modern languages. At age 4;% he wrote a drama in lan# verse and a 36669line epic. 'n 45<=% Tennyson attended Trinity +ollege% +amridge. /uring the ne"t few years% Tennyson continued to live with his family% which had now moved to 1ondon% and to apply himself to his studies and writing. 8e ecame engaged to Emily Sellwood. 'n 45;<% a two9 volume volume collection collection of his wor# appeared% appeared% containing many revisions revisions of earlier earlier poems% esides esides a numer of e"cellent new ones% including "Morte including "Morte d'Arthur," "Ulysses," and and "Locksley Hall." At At last Tennyson was recognized as one of the leading literary figures of the period and was acclaimed acclaimed throughout England. England. At the age of ;4% Tennyso Tennyson n had estalished estalished himself as the most popular poet of the :ictorian :ictorian era.
)or# Poems y Two 2rothers ,45<= containing wor#s of Alfred% +harles and !rederic# TennysonTennysonPoems% +hiefly 1yrical ,45>6Poems y Alfred Tennyson ,45>< 9 included early versions of many of his finest pieces including The 1ady of Shalott% The Palace of Art% The 1otus9Eaters% Oenone% and A /ream of !air )omen. In Memoriam: 45?6 Memoriam: 45?6 9 elegies and lyrics in memory of his friend% Arthur 8enry 8allamOde on the /eath of the /u#e of )ellington ,45?<The +harge of the 1ight 2rigade ,45?;Awards Appointed to post of poet laureate ,45?6-
Synopsis 4
Teacher Ammani Jeya
The poem is a war poem aout 366 soldiers of the 1ight 2rigade who were ordered to charge into a valley where the enemies enemies were waiting. There were guns or cannons to the right% left and front of them. As the soldiers rode into the valley they were attac#ed on all sides. Still they rode on and attac#ed the soldiers they saw. On their retreat they were attac#ed $ust as adly on all sides. Many of these soldiers died. 't was in the line of duty and no one protested when the order was given for them to ride into the valley of death.
1iteral and !igurative Meanings 1iteral Meaning
!igurative Meaning 5
Teacher Ammani Jeya
Themes
)arfare and conflict +arrying out a given duty +ourage in the face of danger 2lind respect for authority /eath and destruction
Moral :alues
)e must struggle for peace rather than warfare. )hen given a duty we try out est to carry it out. )hen we #now that some instructions or orders could lead to danger% we must e prepared to voice our feelings. feelings.
/iscussion is a good approach efore we carry out pro$ects.
)e should e rave in the face of danger.
Point of :iew 6
Teacher Ammani Jeya
Third person point of view 9 the poem is presented y an all9#nowing person. The person tells the thoughts and actions of the characters.
1anguage and Style
Tone and Mood Tone 9 strong and sympathetic to soldiers who have to do what they were instructed Sumissive 9 though the soldiers #new someone had made a mista#e% they still carried on Mood 9 e"cited as they initially heard the orders and then it changed to fear and horror as they rode into the valley #nowing it was sure death.
Poetic /evices Sound /evices
1iterary /evices 7
Teacher Ammani Jeya
!igurative /evices
Pra$ti$e ' 8
Teacher Ammani Jeya
1ael the pictures as stanza 4%<%>.
4.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
<.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
9
Teacher Ammani Jeya
>.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Pra$ti$e (
ead the poem and answer the Buestions that follow. 4. )ho wrote the poem0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
<. )hat is the poem mainly aout0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
>. /escrie the 1ight 2rigade* ,i- 8ow many soldiers were involved0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
,ii- )hat were they told to do0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
10
Teacher Ammani Jeya
,iii- 8ow far did the solders have to ride0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
;. /escrie the soldiers* ,i- )hat did the soldiers #new when they did as ordered0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
,ii- 8ow did they feel0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
,iii- )hy did they not Buestion the orders0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
,iv- )hat do you thin# is the the motto of the 1ight 2rigade0 2rigade0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
?. )hat surrounded the soldiers as they rode into the valley0 )hat does this tell us aout the enemies0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
3. 8ow were the soldiers attac#ed as they rode into the valley0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
=. 8ow do you thin# the soldiers loo#ed as they rode oldly and well0 Cive a reason for your answer. _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
5. 'f you were a reporter% reporter% how would you descrie the scene of warfare as depicted in stanza >0 )ould you consider them as heroes0 )hy or why not0 _________________________________________ ____________________ _________________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________
Pra$ti$e ) Fill in the blanks with the ar!riate ar!riate w!r"s w!r"s !r hrases #r!m the te$t%
The poem was written y Alfred% 1ord Tennyson. Tennyson. 't is a war poem aout 366 soldiers of the 11
Teacher Ammani Jeya
,4-@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.They had een ordered to ,<- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ into a valley full of enemies who were oviously e"pecting the attac#. The latter were fully prepared with guns or ,>- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ to the right% left and front. As the soldiers ,;- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@into the valley they were attac#ed on all sides. +annon alls flew in all directions as they ,?- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@at and shot the 1ight 2rigade. Still the soldiers of the 1ight 2rigade rode on and attac#ed the soldiers they saw. On their retreat they were attac#ed $ust as violently on all sides. Many if not all of these soldiers died a violent death in the ,3- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@or the mouth of 8ell. 't was in the line of duty and no one ,=- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@when the order was given for them to ride into the valley of o f death. The soldiers #new someone had ,5 @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@ and they #new what they would have to face. Det Det they did not reason why as they were prepared to ,7- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.8ence% the valley was named ,46- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@F. Pra$ti$e *
)rite True or !alse 4 The 1ight 2rigade is going to attle.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
< There are altogether five hundred soldiers.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
> The soldiers Buestioned their commander.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
; The 1ight 2rigade were shot at with missiles.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
? The soldiers fought ravely in the attle.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
3 The &valley of /eath& was the attle ground.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
= The soldiers were prepared to die.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
5 The The ene enemi mies es&& cann cannons ons were were onl only y to the the right right of the the sol soldi dier ers. s.
@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@ @@@@@ @@@@@ @@@@@ @@@@@ @@@@@ @@@@@ @@@ @
Pra$ti$e +
Match the following phrases to their meanings.
12
Teacher Ammani Jeya
Pra$ti$e ,
13
Teacher Ammani Jeya
2ased on the poem choose the correct answers. 4. )here were the soldiers going0 A 2ac# to their ase camp 2 2ac# to their country + 'nto attle / 'nto hell <. )hat weapons were used against the soldiers0 A 1ances 2 Swords + /aggers / +annons >. )hich word est replaces the word &lundered&0 A Mista#e 2 Tripped + Stumled / Staggered ;. According to the poem% what is the role of the soldiers0 A To plan attles 2 To To as# Buestions + To To oey their commander / To protect their commander ?. )here were the cannons0 A. At the ac# of the soldiers 2. Only on the left of the soldiers +. Only at the front of the soldiers /. To To the left% right and front of the soldiers 3 )hat did the 1ight 2rigade do when they were attac#ed0 A. They ran away 2. They did not do anything. +. They charged at the enemy. /. They tal#ed to their enemy.
14
