EXTRACTO de La Lógica Del Inglés, en Bubok

G6J= ?; >RD?> M><> M<87<;A>< ;= E> >\;=BD<> ?; S>HE>< 8B<8 6?68C> \6A6B>=?8 =D;AB<8 HE87

0

^

67869: 8:/ :;<=>9 8H<> >E

Y6=>E ?;E E6H<8

A7869: 8: /> ?5=> 9?B!/:<> >/ C67>/ 8:/ /65=? DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD E 67<=?8F996?7 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD G -"H 2I 2IJ2 $%#,)K L M"H 0) 2I DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD NN > M" %H0 O' (%,%1%() DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD NP 9QR) "I', 2IJ2 $%#,) DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD NP ST2 (2 '+,20(2,R2 $'I ,21$'I (2 2IJ2 $%#,)U DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD NV S9QR) '&&2() ' $)I OW(2)I L '"(%)I M"2 &)R+$2R20J'0 2IJ2 $%#,)U D NV S:I XJ%$ + ',' 20I2Y', ' 0%Y)IU DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD NZ 9QR) &)R+',', &)I'I DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD N[ LJC8 ?;G6<>< a@A> C8B8 ;A CPA 7<>=?;b 99999999999999999999999 2_ L8CM><>=?8 ?8A G8A>AT aIcD>= ;A CPA E6AB8 OD;deb 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 2f %7D>E>=?8 ?8A ;E;C;=B8AT aI-> Y ;A B>= A>=> G8C8deb 999999999999999999999999999999 2f LD>B<8 G8CM><>B6\8A ;AM;G6>E;A 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992g

T'#$', 20 C"J",) DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD N\ LJC8 M8=;< D= \; Y8 ?; S>HE>< ;= YDBD<8T -D;78 \8R >d C>5>=> \>A >d 99999999999999999999999 2h IiE ;AB>

H>X>=?8e4 Ij8A8B<8A ;AB>A>e 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 /1

]9)R2,W'^_ ]-"2,,W'^_ ]!20I',W'^ DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD P` C,'I2I M"2 2R+%2a'0 +), ]3%DDD^DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD PN Ik<>A;A A6de OD; A; ?6G;= G8C8 ;= ;AM>58E9 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 /2 Ik<>A;A A6de OD; A; S>G;= ?; Y8 ?6Y;<;=B; >E ;AM>58E9 9999999999999999999999999999999 /0 Ik<>A;A A6de4 M;<8 G8= A;< 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/_

:$ &",%)I) &'I) (2 $)I O2,#)I (2 ()I +'$'#,'I a-8A MS<>A>E \;E>H<>A 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/3 l(;>EC;=B; A; DA>= E8A kjAm 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/f LD>=B8A kjA S>Rm 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/g LJC8 YD=G68=>= 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/h (;ADC;=T 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999900 L8=XD7>< E8A kjA 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999900 _

!,21"0J', 20 %01$HI DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD VZ -> Y8 G8Cn= ?; M<;7D=B>< ;= %=7EKA9 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 0^ -> 8B<> Y8 ?; M<;7D=B>< 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 0h LJC8 A; M<;7D=B> G8= E8A \;E;A 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ^1 "<;7D=B>A B6M8 Io\>A >d me4 Io\>C8A >d me 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ^2

!,21"0J', +2,) 021'0() ao=8 G8C;A CPAm4 o=8 ?;H;A ;ABD?6>
A7869: 8: /> ?5=> 9?B!/:<> >/ C67>/ 8:/ /65=?

3

67<=?8F996?7 I!" $%&' () *)+* ' ,-* %.'* () )*/0(+' ()" +(+',% +12"3*4 "'* )*$'"%5)* 6+*7%1'%,)5+$%1'* "")2%1 %" ()*%")1/%('5 5)*0"/%(' () 1' *%&)5 $%*+ 1%(%8 9%1 %*+,+"%(' 01 $:,0"' () 5)2"%*4 ,0$6% 25%,-/+$%4 "+/)5%/05%4 )/$8 7)5' 75-$/+$%,)1/) *'1 +1$%7%$)* () *'*/)1)5 "% ,-* *+,7") () "%* $'1;)5*%$+'1)* )1 +12"3*4 < *)205%,)1/) =0)(%5-1 ,0< $'1>01(+('* *+ $0%"=0+)5 /05+*/% ")* 75)201/%*)? @6+$6 +* /6) A%< /' /6) 7'*/B'>>+$)CD

'AN ;CM6;[> ;E C>=D>E ?; %=7E;A ]PA6G8 ?; '7DAB8 $S689 *= M;OD;58 H;AB A;EE;< OD; ?;A?; 2hf3 \;=?6?8 CPA ?; G6=G8 C6EE8=;A ?; G8M6>A ;= 'CK<6G> R @AM>5>9 p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d W >AN R B8?8 > ?D<>A M;=>A ;=B6;=?8 GD>=?8 C; S>HE>H>= ;= 7<>CPB6G89 *= 6?68C> ?; M<;?6G>?8A4 <;E>B6\8A R G8CME;C;=B8A9 L>?> \;[ OD; D= ;FM;H> ;FME6G> D= \;E 8 E8A B<;A G8=?6G68=>E;A aGD>B<8 M><> >E7D=8Adb4 C;=8A ;=B;=?N> R89 &D=G> EE;7>H> > E> ;A;=G6> ?; E8 OD; OD;= ?;G6 E> EJ76G> ?; E8 OD; M><;GN> A;< =;G;A><68 M><> M8?;< S>HE>< ;A; 8B<8 6?68C>9 *= 6?68C> OD; ;=B8=G;A A; C; >=B8X>H> D= CD<8 6=Y<>=OD;>HE;9 f

-8 <;G8=8[G84 =D=G> ADM; GJC8 >GBD>< GD>=?8 <;G6HN> <;AMD;AB>A ?;E B6M8 ?; E>A OD; B; CD;AB<8 > G8=B6=D>G6J= aOD; ;<> CDR > C;=D?8db S!"#$%& () %) "*#+ ,-(#-. )$ "$# /+#*)0 , E0%1(' F/6%/F )* )" $',7"),)1/' G'&H)/'I )1 01% $"%0*0"% 5)"%/+;%D 12$ 3") 4#*& $& *) %)5) "*#+ 6# 7&8 9#*:7#0 E0%1(' )" '&H)/' )* 01 75'1',&5) 5)>")J+;' ' 5)$+75'$'4 ' "");% 01 7'*)*+;' 5)>)5+(' %" *0H)/'8 K1 )*/) $%*' "% 7%*+;% =0)(% &"'=0)%(% 9

@A M8< ;A8 OD; ?;HN> ;=G8=B<>< D=> Y8 ?; EE;7>< > G8CM<;=?;< 8 =D=G> ?;X> ?; A;=B6E7D6;= OD; B;=N> >E7n= B6M8 ?; ?;Y;GB8 ?; YPH<6G> OD; E; 6CM;?N> E87<>< E8 OD; 8B<8A M><;GN>= S>H;< G8=A;7D6?8 M8< C;?68 D= B<>H>X8 R D=> M>G6;=G6> OD; > CN 4 G8= ;E A6AB;C> 6CM;<>=B; =8 C; ?>H>= <;ADEB>?89 @A> ;A E> <>[J= M8< > OD; 6=\;=BK E> -J76G> ?;E %=7EKA9 *=> Y8 ?6Y;<;=B; R E67;<> ?; M<;A;=B>< E> EJ76G> G8= OD; E8A S>HE>=B;A ?; %=7EKA >= AD ?6AGDA G8C8 M><> OD; A; ;=B6;=?> YPG6EC;=B; GJC8 ;AB< E>A M>< G8=G;MB8A 7<>C>B6G>E;A OD; R8 aG8C8 CDGS>A 8B<>A M;Ab > ?D<>A M;=>A E87<>H> >A6C6E>< R G>A6 A6;CM<; AJE8 ?; Y8 B;CM8<>E9 @AB> 7<>CPB6G> G8=\;=G68 =>E4 OD; 6CM<;7=> E> 7<>= C>R8 ?; E8A B;FB8A ?; %=7EKA4 8HE67> >E ;ABD?6>=B; > >M<;=?;< ;E ?8HE; ?; G8A>A aCDGS> 7<>CPB6G>4 >?;CPA ?; %=7EKAb R B>CH6K= > B;?68A8A R G8CME;X8A GPEGDE8A 7<>C>B6G>E;A M><> ;FM<;A> MD;A S> ?; M;=A>< ;= ;AM>58E4 >=>E6[>< A6=BPGB6G>C;=B; E> Y<>A;4 ;=G8=B<>< E> ;AB ;OD6\>E;=B; ;= %=7EKA R ED;78 <;>E6[>< E> B<>?DGG6J= A;7n= ;E 8?8 M8< E> <;7E> OD; ?;Y6=; ;A> ;AB9 oLJC8 =8 \> <;ADEB>< D=> C;B> ;AG>H<8A> R Y8HE; E87<>< A8EBD<> ;= %=7EKA A6 A; S> ?; G>C6=>< ;AB> A;=?> ME>7>?> ?; 8M;<>G68=;A E6=7qNAB6G>A R B<>?DGG68=;A G>?> \;[ OD; OD6;<; ;FM<;A>C8A S;GS8A ?; E> C6AC> B;E> OD; ;A>A M;A OD; E87<><8= S>HE>< %=7EKAd > M;A>< ?; E> 7<>CPB6G> aR > E>A OD;4 E8 <;G8=8[G84 >?C6<8b9 "8< ;A8 G<;N =;G;A><68 G<;>< D=> S;<<>C6;=B> OD; M; > OD6;=;A B<>B>= ?; >M<;=?;< %=7EKA R > OD6;=;A E8 ;=A;5>=4 A>E6< ?; ;AB; A6AB;C>4 OD; A;7n= E>A ;AB>?NAB6G>A 8Y6G6>E;A4 A8E8 M<8?DG; ;AG>A8A KF6B8A R D= ;E;\>?8 =nC;<8 ?; Y<>G>A8A R >H>=?8=8A9 W OD; =8 A8= CPA4 ?; =D;\84 7<>G6>A >E ;AYD;<[8 ?; >OD;EE8AU>A ?8G;=B;A OD; >?8A ?; M>G6;=G6> ; g

6=B;EDC=>?8 G8=A67D;= OD; >E7D=8A M;= R E87<;= ;AG>E>< ;E @\;<;AB ?;E %=7EKA9 L8= ;AB8 ;= C;=B;4 S; <;G876?8 E>A YJA OD; C; M; E> 7<>CPB6G> ?; B8?> E> \6?> R ;=B;=?;< GD;AB68=;A B<>?6G68=>EC;=B; G8CME;X>A ; 6=SJAM6B>A ?;E 6=7EKA G8C8 E8A I\;A>E;Ae4 IE> \8[ M>A6\>e4 I;E ;AB6E8 6=?6<;GB8e 8 IE8A Y>C8A8A 6=G8=B>HE;Aed L (2 "0' b),R' bc&%$9 $<>G6>A > KE A; MD;?; C>=;X>< A6= ;AYD;<[8 CDGS8A ;E;C;=B8A ?; ;A8A ?; E8A IB;C6HE;Ae9 @AB; E6H<8 B; M<;A;=B> D=> <;\8EDG68=><6> >M<8F6C>G6J= > E>A G8CME;X6?>?;A ?;E 6=7EKA M><> OD; MD;?>A ;=B;=?;< R C>=;X>< ADA ?6Y;<;=B;A M>D= A6= A>H;< ODK ;A D= I8HX;B8 6=?6<;GB8e4 D= I\;=A6B6\8e4 8 D= IG8CME;C;=B8 ?; <;E>B6\8e9 ->A GD>E6?>?;A CPA <;E;\>=B;A OD; G><>GB;<6[>= ;AB> 8H<> A8=T •

•

•

•

:d+$%&'&%) 02I I20&%$$'I 20 "0 $201"'e2 bc&%$ (2 20J20(2, 4 ;= E>A OD; 7? A; DB6E6[>= BK 7<>CPB6G> G8=\;=G68=>E4 G8C8 I8<>G6J= G8=?6G68=>Ee4 IADX;B8e4 IM<8=8CH<;A <;E>B6\8Ae4 I\;E;Ae4 8 IADY6X8e4 ;=B<; 8B<8A CDGS8A9 FI) (2 ,2b2,20J2I 2I+'Y)$2I 9 @AB8 A6CME6Y6G> CDGS8 ;E M<8G;A8 ?; C;[GE>< >?;GD>?>C;=B; E8A 6=7<;?6;=B;A ?; D= HD;= 6=7EKA9 ); S>= ;E6C6=>?8 E8A G8=G;MB8A 7<>C>B6G>E;A B<>?6G68=>E;A R A; S>= ADAB6BD6?8 M8< <;Y;<;=B;A ;AM>58E;A ?; E8A ?6AB6=B8A ;E;C;=B8A > >M<;=?;<9 'AN4 ;= \;[ ?; ;ABD?6>< ;E I"<;BK<6B8 M;=D>E B; CD;AB<> GJC8 ;FM<;A>< ;= %=7EKA E8 C6AC8 OD; ;= ;AM>58E GD>=?8 ?6G;A IW8 f'#W' I%() de4 @EE>A f'#W'0 2IJ'() de4 ;BG9 :d+$%&'&%) 02I M"2 O'0 (2I(2 2$ 2I+'Y)$ f'&%' 2$ 601$HI 9 'E G8=B<><68 OD; E>A 8H<>A ?; 7<>CPB6G> >E DA89 @AB; A;=G6EE84 M;<8 6==8\>?8< ;=Y8OD; E87<> OD; GD>=?8 M6;=A;A ;= ;AM>58E MD;?>A 6< ?;A?; >SN4 L (%,2&J'R20J2 4 > E> G8=AB Y<>A; ;= %=7EKA9 )6= >=PE6A6A =6 GPEGDE8A ?; Y67D<>A 7<>C>B6G>E;A R AD B<>=AM8A6G6J= > E>A G8<<;AM8=?6;=B;A ;= ;AM>58E9 :0b)M"2 J)J'$R20J2 +,c&J%&) 9 @AB> 8H<> =8 HDAG> ?; OD; A;>A D= >G>?KC6G8U> ?; E> 7<>CPB6G>4 A6 =8 ?; OD; ;=B6;=?>A GJC8 G8=ABA;A ;= %=7EKA R GJC8 ;=E>[>A4 M><> OD; BD S>HE>< A;>4 >?;CPA ?; G8<<;GB84 E8 CPA 6=AB6=B6\8 R => BD<>E M8A6HE;9 ); B8 C> E8 OD; <;ADEB> M4 R A; ?;A;GS> aM8< E8 C;=8A S>AB> h

OD; BD =6\;E ?; %=7EKA A;> JMB6C8b 8 A; <;Y8 E> M> B;8 OD; MD;?> G8CME6G>< BD >M<;=?6[>X;9 @AB> 8H<> ;A D=> >M<8F6C>G6J= ?6AB6=B> R =D;\> > E> A6=B>F6A R DA8 G8<<;GB8 ?; E>A M>= D=> >?;GD>?> G8CD=6G>G6J= ;= %=7EKA4 G8= ;E 8HX;B6\8 ?; OD; E87<;A D= HD;= ?8C6=68 ?; ;AB; 6?68C>9 @E ;ABD?68 ?; ;AB; E6H<8 B; M;HE>< D=> G8=\;G6J= M;C;=B; G8<<;GB> G8= M;A >=7E8M>=B; A A6= B;=;< OD; B<>=A6B>< E8A G>C6=8AOD; I?;EA; ->?8 ,AGD<8 %=7EKAe4 G8C8 D= >EDC=8 ?;Y6=6J;AB; > E> 7<>CPB6G> S>HN> \6AB8?;E8HE67>?8 > ;ABD?6>< S>AB> CN8 ;=G8=BAN ;FM<;A>?8A4 B; A;>= B>= nB6E;A G8C8 E8 S>= A6?8 M><> CN R M><> 8B<>A M;A R OD; B; M;= >EG>=[>< E> C;B> ?; M8?;< G8CD=6G> G8= YED6?;[r R A6 ;AB; YD;<> BD 8HX;B6\84 B>CH6K= > ADM;<>< E8A ;FPC;=;A > E8A OD; S>R>A ? ; M<;A;=B>X; S>G6> E> C;B> ?;E %=7EKA4 OD; ;AM;<8 ;ABK >S8<> CDGS8 CPA G;=> M><> B6T %5678 :;<=>=?8

21

-"H 2I 2IJ2 $%#,)K L M"H 0) 2I @AB; E6H<8 ;A D= C>=D>E OD; B; M;M<;=?;< aA6= A>H;< 7<>CPB6G>b GJC8 G8E8G>< E8A ;E;C;=B8A ?; E> 8<>G6J= ;= AD A6B684 G8=XD7>< >?;GD>?>C;=B; GD>EOD6;< B6;CM8 \;E4 DA>< G8<<;GB>C;=B; Y67D<>A B>= I6=OD6;B>=B;Ae M><> GD>EOD6;< ;ABD?6>=B; ?; 6=7EKA OD; A67> D= C>=D>E B<>?6G68=>E4 G8C8 IE8A Y<>A>E \;DF6E6><;Ae4 IE>A Y<>A;A =8C6=>E;Ae4 IE8A M<8=8CH<;A ?; <;E>B6\8e4 IE>A E8GDG68=;A >?\;

E;Ae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

A;=A>G6J= ?; OD; ;E %=7EKA ;A ?6YNG6E9 /9 +>CH6K= ;A D=> >G;E;<>?8< ?; BD >M<;=?6[>X;9 ->A 7<>=?;A G8CM>5N>A ; 6=AB6BDG68=;A ?; E> ;=A;5>=[> ?;E %=7EKA G8= Y<;GD;=G6> M<8CD;\;= aOD6;<8 G<;;< OD; 6=G8=AG6;=B;C;=B;b OD; =8 >M<;=?>A =6 YPG6EC;=B;4 M8=6K=?8B; E>A G8A>A 6==;G;A><6>C;=B; ?6YNG6E;A9 )6 B8?8 ;E CD=?8 E87<><> S>HE>< %=7EKA R ;Y6G>[C;=B;4 A6 =8 =;G;A6B><>= GD>B<8 8 >58A4 A6 =8 D=84?; M><>Y8G6J= E87<>< D= HD;= =6\;E6?68C> ?; %=7EKA4 C6B>? ?; E>AG6=G8 >G>?;C6>A R AJE8 G;=B<8A ?; ;AB; A; E>\;= ;= ?6Y6GDEB>?;A M8< OD; CDGS8A ADA GE6;=B;A >GBD>E;A R> =8 E;A =;G;A6B>=9 -8A C>=D>E;A G8CME;X8A4 E8A CKB8?8A <;M;B6B6\8A A8= D= HD;= =;78G684 MD;A 8HE67>= > E>A M;A > M;=;G;< >M<;=?6;=?8 CDGS8 B6;CM89 pPA ?;E <;>EC;=B; =;G;A><689 22

09 @AB; E6H<8 B>CH6K= ;A D=> GD<68A> Y8 ?; ;=B;=?;< E> 7<>CPB6G>9 LD>=?8 >GG;?;A >E YD=G68=>C6;=B8 ?;E %=7EKA ;FM<;A>?8 ;= BKA D=> G8CM<;=A6J= <;>E4 >M<;=?;< 7<>CPB6G> aA6 B; >M;B;G6;<>db <;ADEB> CDGS8 CPA YPG6E9 @= ;A; MD=B8 ;E >M<;=?6[>X; G8=A6AB; =8 ;= >M<;=?;< G8CME;X>A Y67D<>A A6=BPGB6G>A4 ;E;C;=B8A ?;E 6?68C> R B8?8 D= E;=7D>X; M><> <;Y;<6 ;EE8A4 A6 =8 ;= M8=;< =8CH<;A4 > >E78 OD; R> ;=B6;=?;A R A>H;A GJC8 YD=G68=>9 W ;A8 ;A CDGS8 CPA YPG6E @AB; C>=D>E B; ?>

G8CM<;=A6J= ?; GD;AB68=;A OD; B<>?6G68=>EC;=B; S>= A6?8 G8=A6?;<>?>A G8C8 I?D<8A SD;A8Ae OD; <8;<4 ;= ;AB8 ?;E %=7EKA9 +; S>

\6?> CPA YPG6E R B; >RD?>

<;GDM;<>< BD >DB8;AB6C> R G8=Y6>=[> ;= BD G>M>G6?>? M><> >M<;=?;< 6?68C>A9 @A> YD; C6 ;FM;<6;=G6>9 ,X>EP OD; A;> E> BDR> B>CH6K=9

> M"%H0 O' (%,%1%() @AB; C>=D>E ;ABP M;=A>?8T •

•

•

•

"><> >RD?>< > ?8G;=B;A OD; ?;A;;= ;FME6G>< ;E %=7EKA ?; D=> Y8 OD6[PA CPA >GG;A6HE; R YPG6E ?; ;=B;=?;<9 "><> >EDC=8AU>A OD; A6;=B>= OD; E> 7<>CPB6G> ;A CPA D= 8HABPGDE8 OD; D=> >RD?> > E> S8<> ?; S>HE>< %=7EKA9 +>CH6K= M><> >OD;EE>A M;A4 OD; G8= D=8A G8=8G6C6;=B8A HPA6G8A4 ?;A;;= M8?;< DB6E6[>< E8 OD; R> A>H;= ?; D=> Y8 CPA ; 6=BD6B6\>4 8 M><> <;\6A>< >OD;EE>A GD;AB68=;A OD; =D=G> >G>H><8= ?; B;=;< GE><>A 8 C>=;X>< G8= YED6?;[9 "8< nEB6C84 ;AB; E6H<8 A;

= >RD?> M><> ;ABD?6>=B;A ?; %=7EKA OD; \>R>= > ;F>C6=>E7n= BNBDE8 OD; >G<;?6B; AD =6\;E 6?68CPB6G89 -;A M;A GE>\;A ?;E DA8 R E> A6=B>F6A ?;E %=7EKA R GE><6Y6G>< ?D?>A OD; MD?6;<>= ADM8=;< D= ;AG8EE8 ;= ;FPC;=;A R 8B<>A MA9

9QR) "I', 2IJ2 $%#,) @AB; E6H<8 B; ?>

C>B6G>E;A OD; A;7D<>C;=B; S>AB> >S8<> =8 S>HN>A \6AB8 ;FME6G>?>A ?; Y8 A;=G6EE>9 pDGS8A >EDC=8A C; S>= ?6GS8 G8A>A G8C8 I@A E> M<6C;<> \;[ OD; C; ;=B;<8 ?; GJC8 S>G;< E>A M<;7D=B>Ae4 8 I@AB8 C; E8 S>= ;FME6G>?8 CDGS>A \;G;A4 R >S8<> ;A OD; E8 ;=B6;=?8 <;>EC;=B;e9 2/

";<8 =8 B; ;=7>5;A9 @=B;=?;< >E78 =8 6CME6G> DA>?;GD>?>C;=B;9 )8E8 ;A ;E M<6C;< M>A89 LD>=?8 \>R>A > >H8< D= B;C>4 EK;E8 G8= ?;B;=6C6;=B84 E;; E8A ;X;CME8A R ED;78 ?;?NG>E; D= B6;CM8 > ;A> GD;AB6J=9 )6 A; B<>B> M8< ;X;CME8 ?; >E7n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

ST2 (2 '+,20(2,R2 $'I ,21$'I (2 2IJ2 $%#,)U :>A ?; G8=8G;A R ;=B;=?;A9 'M<;=?KA ?;M;=?; ?; BD =6\;E ?; 6CME6G>G6J= G8= ;E ;ABD?68 ?; ;AB; 6?68C>9 @= <;>E6?>? G<;8 OD; ;A D=> GD;AB6J= OD; ?;M;=?; ?; M><> ODK ;ABKA ;ABD?6>=?8 %=7EKA9 )6 ;A M><> 8HB;=;< D= G;?8 8Y6G6>E R S>A ?; M>A>< ;FPC;=;A4 ;BG94 ;=B8=G;A M<8H>HE;C;=B; B; \;=?

M<;=?KA9 )6 ;A G8= E> Y6=>E6?>? ?; G8CD=6G>4 M;<8 =8 \>A > =;G;A6B>< XDAB6Y6G>< >=B; =>?6; M8< ODK ?6G;A 8 ;AG<6H;A E>A G8A>A G8C8 E8 S>G;A4 ;=B8=G;A E8 OD; =;G;A6B>M<;=?KA4 A6 =8 6=B;<68<6[>A9 "><> ;EE8 A67D; E8A M>A8A ? ;AG<6B8A ;= ;E MD=B8 >=B;<68<9

S9QR) '&&2() ' $)I OW(2)I L '"(%)I M"2 &)R+$2R20J'0 2IJ2 $%#,)U @= E> Q;H ?; ZD6GV ->=7D>7;4 ;= E> A;GG6J= M<6\>?> ;=G8=B<>G; > E> [8=> ;FGEDA6\> ?; E8A E;GB8<;A ?; ;AB; E6H<89 @A D=> A;GG6J= ;AM;G6>E R M<;Y;<;=B;4 ;= E> OD; ;=G8=B<>D?68A R 8B<8A C>B;<6>E;A OD; 6<> G8CME;C;=B>< E8A G8=B;=6?8A ?; ;AB; E6H<89 20

LD>=?8 ;=B<;A >GG;?; >E ;=E>G; ?; E> [8=> M<6\>?> ; 6=B<8?DG; E> G8=B<>A;5> OD; A; 6=?6G> ;= E> Q;H9

S:I XJ%$ +',' 20I2Y', ' 0%Y)IU -> G8=B;AB>G6J= ;A <8BD=?>C;=B; >Y6B6\>9 L8= E8A G8=B;=6?8A 7<>C>B6G>E;A ;=B<;7>?8A ;= ;AB; Y8B8 E8A GS6G8A R GS6G>A A; ;=B;<>= >=B;A4 <;B6;=;= C;X8< R DA>= G8= CPA Y>G6E6?>? ;E G8=8G6C6;=B8 OD; A; E;A ?>9 @AB; E6H<8 =8 B6;=; D= Y8B8 \6AD>EC;=B; EE>C>B6\84 =6 6EDAB<>G68=;A4 =6 8B<8A <;GD;< > E8A CPA XJ\;=;Ar M;<8 G8=B6;=; ;= G>CH684 D= M8?;<8A8 A6AB;C> M><> A6CME6Y6G>< ;= B>E Y8 E>A GD;AB68=;A 7<>C>B6G>E;A ?;E 6=7EKA OD; AD ;ABD?68 A; S>G; YPG6E R S>AB> >7<>?>HE;9 'E G8=B<><68 ?; E8 OD; 8GD<<; G8= 8B<>A Y8A ?; ;FME6G>< E> 7<>CPB6G>4 OD; ;F67;= D= G8CME6G>?84 E><78 ; 6==;G;A><68 ;AYD;<[8 9 @A nB6E B>CH6K= M><> E8A M>?<;A OD; B;=7>= ?D?>A A8H<; GD;AB68=;A 7<>C>B6G>E;A R OD; ?;A;;= >RD?>< > ADA S6X8A ?P=?8E; ;FME6G>G68=;A >A;OD6HE;9

2^

"#$#%%&'( )# %*(+#(&)*,a.()&%# )# $/ *01/ %*23$#+/ /$ 4&(/$ b

9QR) &)R+',', &)I'I 9QR) (2&%,$) (2I+"HI (2 &)R+',', a@A> C8B8 ;A CPA 7<>=?;b EN COMPARACIONES A MÁS ' \;G;A ;FM<;A>C8A D=> G8CM><>G6J= ap6 A6EEJ= ;A CPA GJC8?89b9 @= 6=7EKA ;AB>A ;FM<;A68=;A A; S>G;= HPA6G>C;=B; 67D>E OD; ;= ;AM>58E4 G8E8G>=?8 E> M>E>H<> 6=7E;A> ;OD6\>E;=B; > ,;<*. ?;E>=B; ?; E8 OD; OD6;<>A <;A>EB>< a ;<* ")H'*4 ;<* '*$05'4 ;<* 5-7+('4 )/$ 9b9 -> M>E>H<> OD; ;OD6\>E; ;= 6=7EKA > E> ;AM>58E> ,;<*. M><> ?;G6< I ,-* +1/)"+2)1/) de 8 IZD6;<8 ;E ,-* $%5' de4 ;A ,;&+).= L8C8 ;= I ;&+) +1/)""+2)1/D4 ' F ;&+) )J7)1*+;)D 9 ";<8 ;= %=7EKA S>R 8B<8 ICPAe M><> ;FM<;A>< ;E C>R8< 7<>?8 ?; E8 OD; A;>4 G8C8 I@A8 ;A E8 CPAe4 8 I@A; ;A ;E CPAde9 "9 ;X9T FK*/' )* "' ,-* )=0+"+&5%('D 4 IL)*:* )* )" ,-* +1/)"+2)1/)D ' FK*/) )* )" ,-* $%5'D8 @= ;AB; G>A8 ;A; ICPAe A; ?6 ]R)IJ^ 9 L8C8 ;= F/6) ,'*/ &%"%1$)(D4 I/6) ,'*/ +1/)""+2)1/D4 ' F/6) ,'*/ )J7)1*+;)D 9 BcI

B),2

@E RcI

+S; R)IJ

@X;CME 8AT BcI G>=A>?8

B),2 B6<;?

:$ RcI G>=A>?8


BcI <8CP=B6G8

B),2 <8C>=B6G

:$ RcI <8CP=B6G8

=B6G

BcI GJC8?8

B),2 G8CY8HE;

:$ RcI GJC8?8

HE; 2_

COMPARACIONES A MÁS CON PALABRAS PEQUEÑAS @= 6=7EKA S>R 8B<> C>=;<>4 CDR DA>?> B>CH6K=4 M><> ?;G6< OD ; >E78U>E7D6;= ;A CPA E8 OD; A;>9 @A D=> Y8 ?; >H<;\6><4 ?; B<>H>X>< C;=8A M><> ?;G6< E8 C6AC8 R ;A CDR DA>?> ;= %=7EKA9 ); DA> 7;=;<>EC;=B; G8= M>E>H<>A G8A4 OD; B6;=;= D=>4 8 G8C8 CDGS8 ?8A ANE>H>A9 L8= E>A M<6C;<>A aD=> ANE>H>b A; GDCME; G>A6 A6;CM<; R G8= E>A A;7D=?>A a?8A ANE>H>Ab E> YJ ;A H>AB>=B; CPA YE;F6HE;9 L8= M>E>H<>A CPA E><7>A E> <;7E> > A;7D6< ;A E> >=B;<68<4 E> ?; DA>< ,;&+). R ,-() ;&*-. 9 'AN A6 E> M>E>H<> > G8CM><>< ;A ?; E>A G8A4 ;= \;[ ?; DA>< ,;&+). R ,-() ;&*-. E8 OD; A; MD;?; S>G;< ;A ?> B;G6J= =D;\>9 @AB; Y6=>E ?; M>E>H<>4 ;A ?6Y;<;=B; A;7n= G8CM><;C8A D=> GD>E6?>? E> OD; A;>4 ;= D= 7<>?8 ;ABP=?>< aB6M8 I@A> ;A RcI H><>B>eb 8 A6 ;A D=> G8CM><>G6J= 7>=>?8<> ?;E B6M8 ?; I@AB> M;ENGDE> ;A $' RcI >EDG6=>=B;e9 •

"><> G8CM><>< ;= 7<>?8 ;ABP=?>
•

"><> ?;G6< OD; >E78 ;A E8 CPAT

k;E6[ BcI Y;E6[ :$ RcI Y;E6[

:>MMR :>MM6 :>MM6

k;8 BcI Y;8

2, 2IJ

*7ER *7E6

2,

'?X;B6\8 G8
kD;
)B<8=7 )B<8=7 2, )B<8=7 2IJ

kPG6E BcI YPG6E

@>AR @>A6

2,

:$ RcI Y;8 *7E6 2IJ :$ RcI YPG6E @>A6 2IJ p; 7DAB> G8CM> Y8UBC67> p8=B>5> +;EE84 M<8Y;A8<> ?; %=7EKA R G8E>H8<>?8<> ;= E> <;?>GG6J= ?; ;AB; E6H<84 ;FME6G> ;AB8 > ADA >EDC=8A M><> OD; E8 <;GD; 6?;> ;A OD; MD;?;A >5>?6< I g2,e MC;=B; A6;CM<; OD; =8 <;ADEB; D=> M>E>H<> E><7D6666A6C> OD; M><;[G> >E;C>=> D S8E>=?;A>9 'AN A;7n= ;AB> I"M2+$% $5)%/+;%D =8 AD;=> H6;= aR M8< E8 B>=B8 E8 CPA A;7D<8 ;A OD; =8 YD;<> G8<<;GB84 OD; =8 E8 ;Ab 6=B;EE67;=B;<4 Q8=?;4 ADA >EDC=tA A; = = YPG6E9

23

EN COMPARACIONES A MENOS (P. EJ.: ESA CUERDA ES MENOS RESISTENTE ) )6 OD;<;C8A ;FM<;A>< ;E <;ADEB>?8 ?; D=> G8CM><>G6J= > C;=8A4 >GBD>C8A 67D>E OD; M><> G8CM><>< > CPA4 M;<8 DA>=?8 E>A M>E>H<>A ]R20)I^ R ]2$ R20)I^ ;= ADA \;
/2II

:$ R20)I


B20)I M;
/2II M;
:$ R20)I M;

B20)I ?;E7>?8

/2II BS6=

:$ R20)I ?;E7>?8


B20)I >GB6\8

/2II >GB6\;

:$ R20)I >GB6\8

GB6\;

9)R+','0() ()I &)I'I@ h]i"'0 2I RcI $%IJ) M"2K^j LD>=?8 OD;<;C8A G8CM><>< ?8A G8A>A ;= ;AM>58E DA>C8A E> M>E>H<> I M"2 e a,-* %"/' 3")N4 ,-* )*/5)$6' 3")N4 ,)1'* )>+$%O 3")N4 )/$ 9b9 @= 6=7EKA ;E ICPAe R ;E IC;=8Ae A; ?6G;= G8C8 A; S> ;FME6G>?8 ;= ;E MD=B8 >=B;<68<9 @E IM"2 e OD; \6;=; ?;AMDKA A; ?6G; ;= %=7EKA G8= E> M>E>H<> F-(#$D8 "8< E8 ?;CPA E>A Y<>A;A A; S>G;= G8C8 E8 S>A ;= ;AM>58E9

+n ;<;A CPA E6AB> M"2 BD S;=>

W8D ><; C8<; GE;\;< Jf'0 R8D< A6AB;<

&8A8B<8A A8C8A CPA XJ\;=;A M"2Bn

u; ><; R8D=7;< Jf'0 R8D

@AB8A A8YPA A8= CPA >=GS8A M"2 ;E +S6A A8Y>A ><; C8<; Q6?; Jf'0 \D;AB<8 R8D=8 ;A CPA M;<;[8A8 M"2 R8

pR H<8BS;< 6A E>[6;< Jf'0 C;

)D <8M> ;ABP C;=8A E6CM6> M"2 E> +S;6< GE8BS;A 6A E;AA GE;>= Jf'0 =D;AB<> 8D ;A CPA M8KB6G> M"2 E> CN>

:6A E;BB;< 6A C8<; M8;B6G Jf'0 C6=;

61"'$'0() ()I 2$2R20J)I@ h]/' b,"J' 2I J'0 I'0' &)R)K^j ,B<> Y8 ?; S>G;< G8CM><>G68=;A ;A 67D>E>=?84 DA>=?8 F-#$N 4&;&ND4 M8< ;X;CME8 I J'0
"><> ;FM<;A>< ;= 6=7EKA F-#$N 4&;&ND4 *) 0*%1 "%* 7%"%&5%* F#*> #*>. ? @A; =658 ;ABP J'0 E8G8 &)R) C6 +S>B H8R 6A 'I G<>[R 'I CR Y<6;=? >C678 W8 =8 ;AB8R J'0 ;=Y>?>?> &)R)Bn

% >C =8B 'I >=7<;

@EE> ;A J'0 GD6?>?8A> &)R) BD )S; 6A 'I G><;YDE 'I R8D< C8BS;< C>?<; +D G8GS; =8 ;A J'0 A;7D<8 &)R) ;E W8D< G>< 6A =8B 'I A>Y; 'I C6=; CN8 @E B<;= =8 ;A J'0 6= 6A =8B 'I Y>AB 'I BS; ME>=; >\6J= @AB>C8A J'0 >HD<<6?8A &)R);EE8A

u; ><; 'I H8<;? 'I BS;C

9"'J,) &)R+','J%O)I 2I+2&%'$2I @= 6=7EKA S>R >E7D=>A M>E>H<>A ;AM;G6>E;A R ?; DA8 CDR Y<;GD;=B; M><> S>G;< G8CM><>G68=;A9 )8= GD>B<8 G>A8A OD; B; G8=\6;=; G8=8G;<9 ]D;=8

P''(

p>E8

Q%(

p;X8<

Q)//)5

";8<

@'5*)

@E C;X8<

R6) Q)*/

@E M;8<

R6) @'5*/

-;X8A

S%5

"8G8

T+//")

pPA E;X8A

S%5/6)5

p;=8A

T)**

@E CPA E;X8A

R6) S%5/6)*/

@E C;=8A

R6) T)%*/

T'#$', 20 C"J",) 9QR) +)02, "0 O2,#) 20 b"J",)D "><> Y8< ;E YDBD<8 ?; D= \;R OD; M8=;< E> M>E>H<> Ik6//^ aM<8=D=G6>?> U ?@ABUb ?;E>=B; ?; E> <>N[ ?;E \;
W A6 OD6;<;A ?;G6< >E78 ;= YDBD<84 M;<8 =;7>=?8 aG8C8 I;EE> =8 \;=?AB>

@X;CME8AT W8 \8R v % 78

W8 %,H v % l%$$ 78

+n B6;=;A v W8D S>\;

+n B;=?,cI v W8D l%$$ S>\;

&8A8B<8A G8<<;C8A v u;
&8A8B<8A G8<<;<2R)I v u; l%$$
W8 B<>H>X8 v % Q8
W8 B<>H>X',H v % l%$$ Q8
@EE8A S>HE>= v +S;R AM;>V

@EE8A 0) S>HE',c0 v +S;R l%$$ 0)J AM;>V

+n ;=A;5>A v W8D B;>GS

+n =8 ;=A;5 ',cI v W8D l%$$ 0)J B;>GS

iE A; <;n=; v :; C;;BA

iE 0) A; <;D=%,c m :; l%$$ 0)J C;;B

?J,' b),R' (2 f'#$', 20 b"J",)@ /"21) O)L 'K R'Y'0' O'I 'K ,B<> Y8 ?; <;Y;<6 E>A G8A>A ;= YDBD<8 ;A GD>=?8 ?6G;A >E78 G8C8 IC>5>=> O'R)I 'K G8C;<4 B<>H>X> ;FM<;A6J= M><> ?;G6< I\8R >e4 I\>C8A >de4 ;BG4 ;A IH; 786=7 B8de9 @A ?;G6< I;AB>< R;=?8 >de9 'AN GD>=?8 OD6;<;A ?;G6< I@AB> =8GS; O'R)I ' G;=>< > G>A>e4 ;= %=7EKA E8 OD; S>A ?; ?;G6< aA6 E8 B<>?DXK<>C8A E6B;<>EC;=B;b ;A I@AB> =8GS; 2IJ'R)I L20() > G;=>< > G>A>e a+S6A =67SB Q; ><; 786=7 B8 S>\; ?6==;< >B S8C;b9 p>5>=> \8R > G8CM<>< D=> =D;\> +>HE;B w p>5>=> 2IJ)L L20() ' G8CM<>< D=> =D;\> +>HE;B a+8C8<<8Q % >C 786=7 B8 HDR > =;Q +>HE;Bb9 L8C8 \;A AJE8 S>A ?; G>CH6>< ;E IO)L ' n 2$ O2,#) e M8< I2IJ)L L20() ' n 2$ O2,#)^ a#2 1)%01 J) n 2$ O2,#) b @X;CME8AT j>A > G8=AB M><;?

W8D ><; 786=7 B8 HD6E? > Q>EE

&8 \8R > ;AM;<>
%xC =8B 786=7 B8 Q>6B Y8< S6C

j>C8A > \6>X>< D= C8=BJ=

u; ><; 786=7 B8 B<>\;E > E8B

'ODN =8 \>6A > XD7>< >E B;=6A

W8D ><; =8B 786=7 B8 ME>R B;==6A S;<; 2h

W8 \8R > B<>H>X>< aC>5>=>b

%xC 786=7 B8 Q8
+D \>A > E;;<

W8D ><; 786=7 B8 <;>?

]o$ 2IJ',c J,'#'e'0()^_ ]p)I)J,)I 2IJ',H%I 20 &'I'^ -> nEB6C> Y8 ;= OD; =8EC;=B; B; <;Y6;<;A ;= ;AM>58E > ADG;A8A OD; >G>;G;?;E>=B;4 ;A GD>=?8 ?6G;A G8A>A G8C8 I :IJ',H J,'#'e'0() S>AB> OD; G6;<<;=e 8 IiE 2IJ',c 2I&,%#%20() B8?> E> =8GS;e9 @E DA8 ?; ;AB; B6M8 ?; ;FM<;A6J= A; G8<<;AM8=?;4 > 7<>=?;A <>A78A4 ;= >CH8A 6?68C>A4 M;<8 ;A CPA Y<;GD;=B; ;= 6=7EKA9 W >D=OD; R> A>H;A E8 ADY6G6;=B; G8C8 M><> G8=AB ;AB; YDBD<84 E> YJ ;AT Ik%$$ #2 e a;E YDBD<8 ?;E \;

=?8 aB; ;AM;<8b > E>A A;6A

)S; l%$$ #2 Q>6B%01 Y8< R8D >B A6F 8x?8GV

@AB>H>X>=?8

% l%$$ #2 Q8
@AB>X>=?8 C>5>=>

+8C8<<8Q BS;R l%$$ #2 B<>\;EE%01

]9)R2,W'^_ ]-"2,,W'^_ ]!20I',W'^ "8=;< ;= 6=7E;A D= \;E;=B; > IB<>H>X>e4 IE;;=e 4 I=;G;A6B>C8Ae aG8=8G6?8 ;= ;E CD=?8 7<>C>B6G>E G8C8 IB6;CM8 G8=?6G68=>Eeb4 A; S>G; ?; Y8 A6C6E>< > M8=;< D= \; ?6Y;<;=G6> ;A OD; ;= \;[ ?; M8=;< >=B;A ?;E \; M>E>H<> IQ6EEe4 DA><;C8A I k?F/8 e aM<8=D=G6>?8 UVWXU b9 p6<> E8A A67D6;=B;A ;X;CME8AT p; 7DAB> w % E6V;

p; 7DAB>,W' w % l)"$( E6V;

W8 ;CM6;[8 w % AB>
W8 ;CM;[>,W' w % l)"$( AB>
&8A8B<8A S>HE>C8A w u; AM;>V

&8A8B<8A S>HE> ,W'R)I w u; l)"$( AM;>V

+n ;AGDGS>A w W8D E6AB;=

+n ;AGDGS>,W'I w W8D l)"$( E6AB;=

@EE8A S>HE>= w +S;R AM;>V

@EE8A 0) S>HE',W'0 w +S;R l)"$( 0)J AM;>V

/1

@EE> \> w )S; 78;A

@EE> 0) %,W' w AS; l)"$( =8B 78

@EE8A >M<;=?;= w +S;R E;><=

@EE8A 0) '+,20(2,W'0 w +S;R l)"$( 0)J E;><=

C,'I2I M"2 2R+%2a'0 +), ]3%DDD^ 'E7D=>A Y<>A;A ;CM6;[>= M8< IA6de9 ->A ?;G6C8A M><> ;AB>HE;G;< D=> G8=?6G6J=9 'E78 OD; ?;H; M>A>< M><> OD; ADG;?> 8B<> G8>A9 "8< ;X;CME8T I)6 B<>H>X>A ?D<84 >M<8H>A;A OD; ;CM6;[>= M8< I)6de ?; GD>B<8 C>=;<>A ?6Y;<;=B;AT 29 /9 09 ^9

)6 ;ABD?68 CDGS8 >MM<8H><> CDGS8 >M<8H> E8A ;FPC;=;A )6 SDH6;<> ;ABD?6>?8 CDGS84 S>H >M<8H>?8 E8A ;FPC;=;A

-8A ?8A M<6C;<8A B6M8A =8 B6;=;= =6=7D=> G><>GB; OD; ?;H6;<> G8CME6G> \6?>9 -> Y8 ?; G8=XD7>< E8A \; M><6?>? ;AM;G6>E R E> ;AB ?; ;AB>A Y<>A;A ;= %=7EKA ;A M<>GB6G>C;=B; 67D>E > E> OD; A; DA> ;= ;AM>58E9 -8A ?8A nEB6C8A ;= G>CH68 B6;=;= D=> G><>GB; OD; S>G; OD; ;= %=7EKA A; G8=AB= ?; Y8 E67;<>C;=B; ?6Y;<;=B; ?; GJC8 E8 S>A ;= ;AM>58E R OD; =;G;A6B>A G8=8G;< M><> ?;G6C;=B; ;= ;AB; 6?68C>9

]C,'I2I I%K^ M"2 I2 (%&20 &)R) 20 2I+'Y)$D A: SI ME COMO ESO AUMENTO DE PESO. @= ;AB>A Y<>A;A B6M8 IANe S>HE>A ?; >E78 OD; 8GD<<6

=B;>A >E M<6=G6M8 8GD<<6

)6 B; A>EB>A ;E A;CP8<8 B; CDEB>= )6 ;E >7D> S6;<\; A; G8=\6;M8<

)6 E6CM68 G8= ;AB; M<8?DGB8 ?;AY6Y;GB8 B8?84 ;BG ); B<>B> ?; >E78 OD; 8GD<<; YNA6G>C;=B; AN 8 AN4 \;?;A D=6\;E;A9 •

•

)6 M8=;A ;E ME8C8 > 0_ 1 7<>?8A A; YD=?;

/2

3% DA8 7>Y>A \;8 C;X8<

6b % DA; 7E>AA;A4 % A;; H;BB;<

3% =8 M<>GB6G8 E> 7D6B><<> C; 8E\6?8 ?; E>A G>=G68=;A

6b % ?8=yB ME>R BS; 7D6B><4 % Y8<7;B BS; A8=7A

' \;G;A ?6=?8e ;= \;[ ?; IA6e4 M;<8 E> Y<>A; ;A ;OD6\>E;=B;4 A; G8=ABET !"#$%& 0*' 2%>%* ;)' ,)H'5

C()$ % DA; 7E>AA;A4 % A;; H;BB;<

!"#$%& =8 M<>GB6G8 E> 7D6B><<> C;

C()$ % ?8=yB ME>R BS; 7D6B><4 %

8E\6?8 ?; E>A G>=G68=;A

Y8<7;B BS; A8=7A

B: SI APRUEBAS EL EXAMEN SE LO DIRÉ . I%Y R8D M>AA BS; ;F>C4 % Q6EE B;EE S6Ce9 @AB; B6M8 ?; I >5%*) *+e =8A S>HE> ?; OD;4 ;= ;E G>A8 ?; OD; E8 OD; 8GD<<> E8 OD; A; M>E=B;>4 RcI '(2$'0J2 ADG;?;

E789 L8C8T I)6 M>A> ;AB84 ADG;?;

E78e =0) e aD=E;AAb ;= \;[ ?; I*+e9 ";<8 A>E\8 ' A; A; DA>G8=ABCH6K= ?; I% ,)1'* ;A8\;G;A E> Y<>A; Y8 A6C6E>
D ;)$&* 3") %750)&)* *) "' (+538 E$6)** <'0 7%** /6) )J%,4 Y A+"" /)"" 6+, +/

@X;CME8AT )6 S8R EED;\; B; C8X>
6b 6B <>6=A B8?>R4 R8D Q6EE 7;B Q;B

)6 ;E >7D> S6;<\;4 A; G8=\;M8<

6b BS; Q>B;< H86EA4 6B Q6EE H;G8C; AB;>C

)6 DA>A %=B;<=;B >?;GD>?>C;=B; G8=8G;<>A =D;\>A M;A

6b R8D DA; %=B;<=;B M<8M;
)6 OD6;<;A D= HD;= YDBD<8 B6;=;A OD; ;=G8=B<>< D= HD;= ;CME;8

6b R8D Q>=B > 788? YDBD<;4 R8D Q6EE S>\; B8 7;B > 788? X8H

)6 7>=>A E> G><<;<> G8C;<;C8A M6[[>

6b R8D Q6= BS; <>G;4 Q; Q6EE ;>B M6[[>

!" $%$& '()$&*(+ *$ ,%-& . /.&.

6b R8D ><; =8B S8=;AB4 R8D Q6EE 78

//

S8C; ' C;=8A OD; ;ABKA E6AB8 M<8=B84 R8 =8 6
F0$2II R8D ><; <;>?R A88=4 % Q6EE =8B 78

]C,'I2I I%K^ M"2 I2 f'&20 (2 b),R' (%b2,20J2 '$ 2I+'Y)$D @AB>A A; G8=AB58E4 M;<8 B6;=;= D=> M><6?>?9 iAB> <>?6G> ;= OD; ;E M<6C;< \;58E \> XD=B8 >E IA6de4 R OD; =8EC;=B; >G>H> ;= Iv;<>e 8 ;= Iv><>e aA6 G8C62,'4 A6 ADH62,'4 A6 B<>H>X',' b4 ;= %=7EKA A; ?6G; 67D>E OD; A6 OD6A6;<>A ;FM<;A>A>?89 L8C8 A6 ?6XK<>C8A ;= ;AM>58E I)6 &)RW' CDGS84 ;=78e4 8 I)6 f'#W' G8C6?8 CDGS84 S>H ;=78?89 j;>C8AT

A: SI TRABAJARAS MÁS DURO , HARÍAS MÁS DINERO . I%Y R8D Q8V; C8<; C 8=;Re oj;Am A6 B<>?DX;<>A E6B;<>EC;=B; R M>E>H<> > M>E>H<> E> Y<>A; ?;E %=7EKA >E ;AM>58E4 <;ADEB> >E78 G8C8T )6 J,'#'e'#'I CPA ?D<84 S>A CPA ?6=;<8 @= ;AB>A Y<>A;A4 ;E M<6C;< \; IY<>A; A6e4 >D=OD; ;= ;AM>58E A; ?6 IA6 8R;<>Ae4 IA6 EE8\6;<>e4 IA6 G;=><>=e4 ;BG94 ;= %=7EKA \> ;= M>A>?89 @E 8B<8 \; G8= E> <;7E> S>H6BD>E4 M8=6;=?8 IQ8DE?e ?;E>=B; ?;E \;E R G8C8 A; ;FME6G> ;= ;E MD=B8 /39 @X;CME8AT )6 BD\6;A; ?6=;<84 C; G8CM<> D= G8GS;

6b % S>? C8=;R4 % Q8DE? HDR > G><

)6 EE8\6;<> B; C8X>A

6b 6B <>6=;?4 R8D Q8DE? 7;B Q;B9

)6 ADA M>?<;A ;ABD\6;<>= ?; >GD; E> ;AGD;E>

6b S;< M><;=BA >7<;;?4 '== Q8DE? OD6B AGS88E

)6 \6A6B><>A LPG;<;A4 =8 OD;<A <;7<;A><

6b R8D \6A6B;? LPG;<;A4 R8D Q8DE? =8B Q>=B B8 G8C; H>GV9 /0

B: SI HUBIERAS TRABAJADO MAS DURO , HABRÍAS GANADO MÁS DINERO . I%Y R8D S>? Q8\; C>?; C8<; C8=;Re .; =D;\8 ;E \; ?;AMDKA ?;E IA6de \> ;= M>A>?84 D= B6;CM8 ?6Y;<;=B; ?;E OD; DA>C8A ;= ;AM>58E M><> ?;G6< E8 C6AC89 "8< ;A8 ;AB> Y<>A;4 A6 ?; =D;\8 E> B<>?DXK<>C8A E6B;<>EC;=B; A8=> CPA 8 C;=8A >ANT )6 f'#W' B<>H>X>?8 CPA ?D<84 S>HAd ,B<> \;[ ;E M<6C;< \; M<6C;<> Y<>A;4 \> ;= B6;CM8 M>A>?84 ;E OD; \> XD=B8 >E IA6de R OD; ;= ;AB; G>A8 A6;CM<; ;A ;E \;H;<9 @E 8B<8 A; Y8 M8=6;=?8 ;E \;\;e ;= ;E B6;CM8 B6M8 IL8C;e4 IZD;<e4 I";=A>e9 a"8=6;=?8 IQ8DE?e ?;E>=B; ?;E IS>\;e j;< MD=B8 /3b9 'E Y6=>E4 67D>E OD; ;= ;AM>58E A; M8=; ;E \;H>X>?8e4 IB8C>?8eb @X;CME8AT )6 (6GS> ;=G8=B<>?8 E>A EE>\;A4 S>HC8A ;=B<>?8 ;= E> G>A>

6b (6GS>? Y8D=? S6A V;RA4 Q; Q8DE? S>\; G>C; 6=B8 BS; S8DA;

)6 =8 SDH6;<>= 6?8 > E> Y6;AB>4 =8 A; SDH6;<>= G8=8G6?8

6b BS;R S>?=yB 78=; B8 BS; M>\; C;B

)6 E> SDH6;<> \6AB84 E; S>H G8=B>?8 C6A ME>=;A

6b % S>? A;;= S;<4 % Q8DE? S>\; B8E? S;< CR ME>=A

)6 SDH6;<> G8G6=>?8 \;A4 -D6A SDH6;<> G8C6?8 G8= =8A8B<8A

6b % S>? G88V;? \;7;B>HE;A4 -D6A Q8DE? S>\; ;>B;= Q6BS DA

7)J'@

@= ;AB>A Y<>A;A a;= E>A ^4 ;= B8?>Ab4 A; MD;?; G8E8G>< M<6C;<8 E> IY<>A; 6Ye R ED;78 E> 8B<> Y<>A;4 8 >E <;\KA9 .> 67D>E ?;G6< I)6 C; B8G><> E> E8B;4 \6>X> >E<;?;?8< ?;E CD=?8e OD; Ij6>X> >E<;?;?8< ?;E CD=?8 A6 C; B8G><> E> E8B;e9 @A E8 C6AC8T I6b % Q8= BS; E8BB;\;E ><8D=? BS; Q8\;E ><8D=? BS; Q8
/^

NDN ]C,'I2I I%K^_ +2,) &)0 I2,42IJ', "><> S>G;< E>A IY<>A;A A6de ?;E MD=B8 >=B;<68< M;<8 G8= ;E \;< a#2b4 A; A67D; D= G>C6=8 E67;<>C;=B; ?6AB6=B89 pPA YPG6E4 M;<8 ?6AB6=B89 "><> ?;G6< I)6 R8 2IJ','K e4 I)6 2IJ"O%H,'R)IK e4 I)6 ;EE> b"2,'K e4 I)6 C6A >C678A b"2I20K e4 ;BG94 C?=B>/B:7<: 3: F3> 36:B!=: r !>=> 7>=

b"2,'0

6=B;E67;=B;A

6b Jf2L l2,2 AC>R

3% L) b"2I2 Bn4 E; ?6 E> \;?

6b 6 l2,2 R8D4 % Q8DE? B;EE S6C BS; B
3% 2IJ"O%H,'R)I A;7D<8A B; E8 G8=B>

6b l2 l2,2 AD<;4 Q; Q8DE? B8E? R8D

3% b"2,' CPA

6b f2 l2,2 Y>AB;< S; 7;B 6B

G3"I

3% 2IJ"O%2,'I ;= @@**4 6 > \6A6B>
6b L)" l2,2 6= @@**4 % Q8DE? 78 B8 \6A6B R8D

@ABP 8GD<<6;=?8 =8 8HAB>=B;4 M8< 6CM8A6G6J= ?; E8A >=7E8M>=B;A ?; @** OD; A; ;ABP DA>=?8 IQ>Ae B>CH6K= M><> ;AB8 C6AC89 .; Y8 OD; >D=OD; B<>?6G68=>EC;=B; ;A CPA G8<<;GB8 E8 M6C;<8 aQ;<;b4 R> A; >G;MB> ;= CDGS8A C>=D>E;A R ;FPC;=;A ;E DA8 ?; IQ>Ae M><> E>A Y<>A;A OD; ;CM6;[>= M8< IA6de A;7D6?8 ?;E \;< aG8C8 IA6 R8 YD;<> <6G8deb @AB; B6;CM84 ;= E> \;C;<6G>=> ;A CDR YPG6E4 MD;A A; > AJE8 G8= ;E 6=Y6=6B6\8 ?;E \;?;CPA =8 S>R OD; M8=;< E> IAe > E> B; M; ?;E A6=7DE>< aR84 Bn4 ;E4 ;A8db9 @A G>A6 G8C8 A6 S>HE><>A G8C8 E8A 6=?68A ?; E>A M;ENGDE>A >=B67D>A ?;E 8;AB;9 I-; ?6X; OD; E8 >G>H><>e A; G8C8 ?;G6< >E78 M><;G6?8 > IE; ?6X; ?; >G>H>6? S6C B8 Y6=6ASb @A 4#*: G8C8 A6 S>HE><>A ;= 6=Y6=6B6\8r AJE8 OD; GD>=?8 E8 8R;AUE;;A ;= %=7EKA R OD6;<;A B<>?DG6E ;AM>58E B; GD>?<>

AD;E; >G>H>< ;= g2,' 8 ;= g','4 G8C8 IBD\6;<>e4 ISDH6;<>e4 IG8CM<><>e 8 IB8C><>e a` < =0) )1 "% ")120% () "'* 25%,-/+$'* *) ""%,% *0&H01/+;'b9 @X;CME8AT /_

-; M;?N OD; A; (%I&"$+','

% ?;C>=?;? S6C

J) '+)$)1%a2

@A >G8=A;X>HE; OD; DAB;? E8 20OW2 S8R

%ByA >?\6A>HE; Y8< R8D J) I"#R%J 6B B8?>R

iE 6=A6AB6J ;= OD; ;EE> +2,R'02&%2,' ;= ;E S8AM6B>E

:; 6=A6AB;? S;< J) IJ'L >B BS; S8AM6B>E

p; 7DAB> OD; B8?8 2IJ"O%2,' M<;M><>?8 M<8=B8

% Q8DE E6V; ;\;?R A88=

@A 6CM8=B; OD; =8 ;ABKA >ODN GD>=?8 $$21"2 'E;F

%ByA 6CM8=B Y8< R8D =8B J) #2 S;<; QS;= >E;F ><<6\;A

@A GE OD; c>GV (%,%e' E> <;D=6J=

%B 6A GE B8 c>GV J) 'JJ20( BS; C;;B6=7

@EE> M6?6J OD; b"2,'I >?C6B6?8 ;= ;E GEDH

)S; >AV;? R8D J) #2 >?C6BB;? B8 BS; GEDH

@X;CME8A G8= B6;CM8A G8CMD;AB8A9 @= ;AB8A G>A8A ;E \; M<6C;<8 ?; E8A ?8A OD; Y8= ;E B6;CM8 G8CMD;AB8 \> ;= M<;A;=B;9 @A HD;=8 OD; f'L'R)I f'#$'()

%B 6A 788? BS>B Q; f'O2 J'$.2(

@AB8R G8=B;=B8 ?; OD; f'L'I %() > % >C S>MMR BS>B R8D f'O2 #220 B8 @AM>5> )M>6= .D?8 ?; OD; E8 2IJ2R)I f'&%20() H6;=

% ?8DHB BS>B Q; ',2 R'.%01 6B Q;EE

@AM;<8 OD; f'L'0 2IJ'() +,'&J%&'0() % S8M; BS;R f'O2 #220 +,'&J%&%01

:$ &",%)I) &'I) (2 $)I O2,#)I (2 ()I +'$'#,'I a-8A MS<>A>E \;?8A M8< CPA ?; D=> M>E>H<>4 7;=;<>EC;=B; ?8A a>D=OD; S>R >E7D=8 OD; B6;=; B<;Ab9 @AB> A;7D=?> M>E>H<> MD;?; A;< D= >?\; M<;M8A6G6J=4 ;BG9 &8 ;A ;AM;G6>EC;=B; 6CM8=B; MD;A ;AB8 =8 >Y;GB> > G8C8 A; DA>=4 > =8 A;< OD; ;ABKA 6=B;<;A>?8 ;= >M<;=?;< 7<>CPB6G> ;= M<8YD=?6?>?9 /3

->A M>E>H<>A OD; G8CM8=;= D= kj A8= A6;CM<; D= \;E78 CPA4 R ;E G8=XD=B8 ?; >CH8A B6;=; G>A6 A6;CM<; D= A67=6Y6G>?8 ?6Y;<;=B; ?;E OD; B6;=; ;E \; A8E>A 8 ?;E OD; M><;G;= B;=;< B<>A D=> B<>?DGG6J= CPA 8 C;=8A EJ76G>9 @X;CME8AT I$6\;e A67=6Y6G> I?>< S>G6> ><<6H>e G8C8 M8? M><;G;r Cp@

:; &'$$2( )0 S;< w -; S6[8 D=> \6A6B> 4 M>AJ > \;

7? T>r Cp@ :; G>EE;? Y<8C BS; 8YY6G; w -E>CJ ?;A?; E> 8Y6G6=> @= ;E DEB6C8 G>A8T =8 A; B<>B> ?; D= kj MD;A IY<8Ce =8 Y8 D=> D=6?>? G8= IG>EED4 =6 E8 G>CH6> ?; A67=6Y6G>?8 4 A6=8 OD; ;A D=> M<;M8A6G6J= =8E OD; Y8 M> Y<>A; 8 ' \;G;A AD A67=6Y6G>?8 MD;?; A;< YPG6EC;=B; ?;?DG6HE;4 G8C8 I78 DMe aADH6A ;= G>CH68 E> M>E>H<> OD; \> G8= ;E \;CH6> ;E A67=6Y6G>?8 B8B>EC;=B;4 G8C8 ;= IG8C; >H8DBe aADG;?;5; OD; >E7D=8A kjA B;=7>= \><68A A67=6Y6G>?8A9 )DG;?; G8= G6;A M>E>H<>A ;= E> C>R8 ?; E8A 6?68C>A9 @A G8C8 ;= ;AM>58E GD>=?8 > D= ;FB<>=X;<8 E; ?6G;= OD; D=> M>E>H<> G8C8 IS;GS8e4 MD;?; A67=6Y6G>< D= B6;CM8 ?;E \;G;<4 OD; >E78 ;ABP >G>H>?8 8 B;?84 D=> >GG6J= OD; S> <;>E6[>?8 D=> M;4 8 A6 \> ;=B<; M>G;MB> D=> G8A> OD; A; M<8M8=;9 -8 C6AC8 8GD<<; G8= >E7D=8A kjA4 M8< ;X;CME84 I 70/ '1D4 >?;CPA ?; M8=;4 MD;?; A67=6Y6G>< B>CH6K=T >?8MB>< aHD;=8A C8?>E;Ab4 G8=;GB>< a>M><>B8Ab4 Y6=76< aM8A; 8 Y8 ?; M<8=D=G6>ME6G>b4 ;BG9

s=2'$R20J2 I2 "I'0 $)I CpIU )N9 -8A >=7E8M>=B;A =>B6\8A E8A DA>= G8=B6=D>C;=B;9 )8H<; B8?8 ;= %=7EKA S>HE>?89 &8A8B<8A E8A S6AM>=8S>HE>=B;A ;= G>CH684 S;C8A ?; S>G;< D= ;AYD;<[8 M8< 6=G8N[ E>B6=> OD; A67=6Y6G>= E8 C6AC8 R A8= CPA YPG6E;A ?; >M<;=?;< M><> =8A8B<8A9 "8< ;A8 B;=?;C8A > <;E;7>< ;E >M<;=?6[>X; ?; ;AB> Y8 BNM6G>C;=B; 6=7E;A>9 "><> =8A8B<8A4 D= \;E>H<>A =8A M><;G; CPA ?6YNG6E OD; I>GG;E;<>B;e OD; A67=6Y6G> MC;=B; E8 C6AC8 R A; M><;G; CDGS8 > AD ;OD6\>E;=B; ;= ;AM>58E9 pDGS8A ?; ;AB8A \;
?8A M>E>H<>A MD;?;= <;OD;<6< >?;CPA OD; M8=7>A ;= C;?68 ?; >CH>A M>A M>E>H<>A ?; E> Y<>A;9 @AB> ;AB R Y8 ?; DA>E A;< ?6Y;<;=B;4 ?;AG8=G6;= > CDGS>A M;A ?; S>HE> S6AM>=>4 A8H<; B8?8 >E M<6=G6M689 'D=OD; ;AM;<8 OD; B; <;ADEB; YPG6E C>=;X>MNBDE89 "6;=A> OD; D= =>B6\8 ?;E 6?68C> 6=7EKA DA>

C;=B;4 E8 OD; A67=6Y6G> OD; Bn B>CH6K= B; E8A ;=G8=B<>C;=B;9 '?;CPA4 E8 CPA M<8H>HE; ;A OD; =6 A6OD6;<> A;M> OD; E8A ;ABP DA>=?89 -> 7<>= C>R8 ?; E8A >=7E8M>=B;A aG8C8 E> C>R8 ?; E>A M;A OD; S>HE>= ;AM>58E G8C8 E;=7D> C>?<;b =8 A>H; =>?> ?; AD M<8M6> 7<>CPB6G>4 R M8< ADMD;AB8 =8 MD;?; 6C>76=><> D= S>HE>=B; ?; ;AM>58E ;AB8A A;>= ?6YNG6E;A ?; DB6E6[><9 @A CPA4 D= >C6784 M<8Y;A8< ?; 6=7EKA C; G8C;=BJ OD; >E M<6=G6M68 ?; EE;7>< > @AM>5>4 GD>=?8 A; ;=G8=B<>H> G8= ;AM>58E;A OD; A; ?6<67N>= > KE ;= %=7EKA4 l); ;AY8<[>H> M8< DA>< ;AB8A \; OD; M;=A>H> OD; ;<>= CPA A;=G6EE8A9 "8< ;X;CME84 E>A M>E>H<>A I?<8Me R I8YYe OD; G8CM8=;= ;E kj I?<8M 8YYe E; M><;GN>= CPA YPG6E;A ?; ;=B;=?;< OD; D=> M>E>H<> G8C8 I?;E6\;E;=B;4 M;<8 > AD XD6G68 ?; ;=B8=G;A CPA IE><7>e R M8< E8 OD; A; E; >=B8X>H> CPA ?6YNG6E9 +; 6=B;<;A> MD;A C>=;X>< ;AB; B6M8 ?; \;<> ;=B;=?;=?8 E8A ;AGDGS;A 8 E;>A4 R ED;78 M><> OD; BD 6=7EKA A; M><;[G> CPA >E OD; ?; \;? A; S>HE> ;= ;E ?N> > ?N> ?; ;AB; 6?68C>9

9"'0J)I CpI f'LU :>R CDGS8Ar CPA ?; 21119 ";<8 G8= A>H;< DA>< D=8A 211 a8 6=GEDA8 C;=8Ab4 D=> M; MD;?; 8Y<;G;< > AD %=7EKA D=> C;X8<> \;?;<>C;=B; A67=6Y6G>B6\>9 -8A ?;CPA OD; =;G;A6B;A M8? M8G89 W G8= E> C;B8?8E87N> OD; >M<;=?;?;CPA CDGS8 CPA YPG6E ?; E8 OD; >S8<> MD;?> M><;G;R D= HD;= =nC;<8 ?; ;EE8A OD; M8??6\6=>< MD;A E>A M>E>H<>A OD; E8A G8CM8=;= A8= H6;= G8=8 G6?>A 8 <;E>B6\>C; =B; Y<;GD;=B;A9 "8< ;X;CME8T I%yC 786=7 B8 &'$$ S6C #'&. er I&'$$ #'&.e B6;=; A67=6Y6G>?8 H>AB>=B; GE><84 A6 A>H;C8A OD; IG>EEe A67=6Y6G> EE>C>< R OD; IH>GVe;A >BC>< M><> >B EE>C>?> A8= ?8A G8=G;MB8A CDR G;=8A OD; G8=\6; ;AB>A ?8A M>E>H<>A ;= D= kj H>AB>=B; I>?6\6=>HE;e9 ,B<8 ;X;CME8 ;A IAM;>V DMe9 )6 A>H;A OD; IDMe A67=6Y6G> S>G6> ><<6H>4 8 OD; >E78 A; 6=G<;C;=B>4 M8??6\6=>< YPG6EC;=B; ;E A67=6Y6G>?8 ?;T Ip>
G8DE? R8D AM;>V DMm % G>=yB S;>< R8Dze %C>76=8 OD; S>H?6\6=>?8 OD; IAM;>V DMe A67=6Y6G> S>HE>< C>A >EB89 @AM;<8 B<>=OD6E6[>R CDGS8A kjA GDR8A A67=6Y6G>?8A A; MD;?;= >?6\6=>< G8= H>AB>=B;A M<8H>H6E6?>?;A ?; KF6B89

9QR) b"0&%)0'0 @AB; B6M8 ?; \;7 iF7=B8 =8 A; MD;?;= A;M><> >M>5PAb9 @AB8A YD=G68=>= G8C8 D= \;EOD6;<>4 67D>E OD; A6 A; B<>B><> ?; D=> M>E>H<> G8CMD;AB> a>D=OD; OD; A; ;AG<6H> A;M><>?>b9 I% S>\; A>\6=7A B8 12J #L Y8< > R;>S8<<8A G8C8 M><> '+'Y',R2$'I D= >58b9 -> n=6G> G8A> OD; ?;H;A A>H;< ;A OD; M><> DA>A>?8 D 8B<8 B6;CM8 ?6AB6=B8 ?;E M<;A;=B;4 AJE8 G>CH6> E> M>E>H<>v\; 8B<> M;=;G; 67D>E9 "8< ;X;CME8T I); E>A >M>5J G8= 211 ;D<8Ae a:; 1)J HR 8=ER Q6BS 211 @D<8Ab

/?3 -F: 3A 3: !F:8:7 3:!>=>=D @AB; 8B<8 B6M8 ?; \;< 8B<>A M>E>H<>A ;= C;?68 ?; E>A ?8A OD; E8 G8CM8=;=9 @AB8A A8= E8A OD; ;=G>X>= ;= E>A Y<>A;A ?; Y8 ?6Y;<;=B; > E> ?; E8A \;G8ABDCH<>?8 > DA>< ;= ;AM>58E9 "8< ;X;CME8 IS>=? 6=e a;=B<;7>A ;=B<;7>?8 $' &',J' > B6;CM8me @= ;AB> Y<>A; ;E \;<>< R M8?;C8A G8E8G>< ;A; I $' &',J' e4 ;=B<; E>A ?8A M>E>H<>A ?;E kjT I.8 R8D 6%1( -() 6)--)+ +1 8= B6C;me ao:>A ;=B<;7>?8 $' &',J' > B6;CM8mb LD>E;A A8= A;M><>HE;A R GD>E;A =84 ;A >E78 OD; S>R OD; >M<;=?;<9 &8 S>R D=> EJ76G> 8 <;7E> M><> A>H;< A6 D= \;M><;=B;C;=B; MD?6;<> A;M><><>HE;9 &8 8HAB>=B; AN E> S>R M><> A>H;< GJC8 DA>< >OD;EE8A \;H;A OD; AN MD;?;= 6< A;M><>?8A9 j;>C8A >CH8A G>A8A9 @CM;G;C8A M8< E8A M<6C;<8A4 E8A 6=A;M><>HE;A9

TIPO 1: LAS DOS PALABRAS DEL VERBO SIEMPRE VAN JUNTAS : @AB8A \;= ?;=B<8 ?; E> Y<>A; G8C8 A6 YD;<>= D=> M>E>H<> G8CMD;AB>4 >D=OD; ADA M>E6?>? A;M><>?>A9 )8= \;
>E7D=> Y8 A6C6E><;A >E \;58E IC>=6>B>A8 %=7EKA E>A M>E>H<>A IC>=8e R I>B>?>A4 EE;\>= D= ;AM>G68 ;= C;?689 'E78 G8C8 A6 ;= ;AM>58E ?6XK<>C8A I:>R OD; C>=8 >B>< > E8A E>?<8=;Ae9 )>E\8 ;AB84 AD ;=G>X; ;= E> Y<>A; ;A A6C6E>< >E ?; GD>EOD6;< \;Ee ;= %=7EKA9 @X;CME8AT +S>B H8R Q6EE 1,)l "+ A88=

@A; CDGS>GS8 C>?D<>

+S;R ><; 786=7 B8 &)R2 %0 E>B;<

@EE8A \>= > \;=6< CPA B>
u; G>=yB 1) #'&.6= BS>B \;S6GE;

&8 A>H;C8A <;7<;A>< ;= ;A; \;SNGDE8

%yC 786=7 B8 I$22+ %0 D=B6E Y6\;

j8R > ?8AB> E>A _

LDAB8C 6A >E<;>?R &f2&. )"J

@E GE6;=B; R> A; S> 6?8 ?;E S8B;E

TIPO 2: EN ESTE TIPO LAS DOS PALABRAS DEL VERBO SE PUEDEN SEPARAR (O DEBEN ) Y COLOCAR EN MEDIO OTRAS PALABRAS .

'E7D=8A ?; ;AB8A \;E>H<>A MD;?;= A;M><><> G8E8G>< 8B<>A M>E>H<>A ;= C;?68 ?; E>A ?8A OD; E8 G8CM8=;=9 *= ;X;CME8 ;A ;E \; ;AB<;=J ADA [>M>B8Ab9 @AB8A \;<>HE;Ae B6;=;= D=> G><>GB; ;= G8Cn=T )8= \;= OD; ;= E> Y<>A; A; ?67> E> M;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A> A8H<; E> OD; A; ;X; >GG6J=4 M8< OD; A6 =84 =8 A; ;=B;=?; E> Y<>A;9 @X;CME8AT I-> ?6<;GB8<> S> G8=B<>B>?8 "0 0"2O) I2&,2J',%) ee9 )6 =8 ?678 ODK G8=B<>BJ E> ?6<;GB8<> ;E C;=A>X; =8 ;AB> G8CME;B89 I-; \8R > G8CM<>< > C6 C>?<; "0 +2,,%J) e9 :>R OD; ?;G6< ODK E; \>A > G8CM<>< > BD C>?<; 8 E> Y<>A; OD;?> G8X>9 Ic8S= ?;<<6HJ $' +',2( e9 'ODN ADG;?; 67D>E9 :>R OD; ?;G6< ODK ?;<<6HJ Ic8S=e4 8 E> Y<>A; =8 B;=? A;=B6?8 &8 B8?8A E8A \;= OD; A; E;A G8CME;C;=B; A8= A;M><>HE;A9 !2,)K J)()I $)I CpI I2+','#$2I_ b"0&%)0'0 &)R) J2 2d+$%&) ' &)0J%0"'&%Q0@ 01

-> M><6?>? ?; ;AB; B6M8 ? kjA4 ;A OD; ;A> IM;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A>e OD; E;A >RD?> > B;=;< A;=B6?8 ;= E> Y<>A; ;A E8 OD; \> ;= C;?68 ?; ;AB8A kjA A;M><>HE;A GD>=?8 B8G>9 @AB> IM;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A>e MD;?; >M><;G;< > AD \;[ ?; ?8A C>=;<>A9 j;>C8A9 9'I) N@ LD>=?8 ;E \;<>HE; R ){ =8CH<>A ?6<;GB>C;=B; > E> IM;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A>e > OD; B; ;ABPA <;Y6<6;=?89 @X;CME8AT @= I'=> >M>7J $'I O2$'Ier A; =8CH<> > IE>A \;E>Ae OD; >M>7>A9 ! ! @= Ij8R > M;?6< ' "0' &f%&' OD; A>E7> G8=C678er A; =8CH<> > OD6K= IM;?6< D=> G6B>4 M;?6< M><> A>E6 IE> GS6G>e9 @= ;AB; G>A8 !F:8:3 :/:t6= ;=B<> M8=;< ;A; >E78 8 >E7D6;= ;= C;?68 ?;E kj4 8 ?;X>< E>A ?8A M>E>H<>A ?;E \;A R M8=; HE8Q Jf2 &'0($2I 8DBe u I'=> HE8Q 8DB Jf2 &'0($2I e I% >C 786=7 B8 >AV >0' 8DBe u I% >C 786=7 B8 >AV 8DB >0' e 9'I) P@ LD>=?8 ;E \;<>HE; "@(, ;= E> Y<>A; DA>A D= ADAB6BDB8 ?; ;A> M;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A>9 @X;CME8AT !

@= I'=> $'I >M>7Je aE>A \;E>Ab4 A; ADAB6BDR; IE>A \;E>Ae M8< ;E I$'Ie ;= =;7<6B> ! @= I/2 \8R > M;?6< a> D=> GS6G>b OD; A>E7> G8=C678e4 A; S> ADAB6BD6?8 ID=> GS6G>e M8< ;E I $2^ ;= =;7<6B>9 @= ;AB; G>A8 7? <6:7:3 ?!96v7 T>r -F: 3:!>=>= :/ p:=5? r B:<:= :3: 3F3<6 $'I >M>7>e w I'=> HE8Q %J 8DBe I/2 \8R > M;?6< a % "% $6+$%4 % )""% b OD; A>E7> G8=C678e u I% >C 786=7 B8 >AV f2, 8DBe a@AB; ADAB6BDB8 ;= %=7EKA ;A A6;CM<; D=> ?; E>A A67D6;=B;A M>E>H<>AT IC;e4 IR8De4 IS6Ce4 IS;
02

:i:B!/?3 !>=> >B5?3 9>3?3@ NDm 3W I2 0)R#,' $' +2,I)0' '0%R'$ ) &)I'@

"D;?;A M8=;< ;AB> M;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A> ;= C;?68T (;M>A> 2$ 2d'R20 >=B;A ?; Y6
/)). BS; ;F>C )O2, H;Y8<; A67= 6B

L>=G;E> B8?>A R%I &%J'I

9'$$ >EE C>R ?>B;A )bb

o@X;GDB>AB; 2$ +,)1,'R' m

.6? R8D &',,L BS; M<87<>C )"Jm

";?<8 <;M>
";?<8 f'0( BS8A; H8RA )"J

(;G87; 2IJ2 f)R#,2 ?;E AD;E8

!%&. BS6A C>= "+ Y<8C BS; 7<8D=?

";<8 G8C8 G>H; ;E;GG6J=4 B>CH6K= MD;?;A S>G;ANT (;M>A> 2$ 2d'R20 >=B;A ?; Y6
/)). )O2, BS; ;F>C H;Y8<; A67= 6B

L>=G;E> B8?>A R%I &%J'I

9'$$ )bb >EE C>R ?>B;A

o@X;GDB>AB; 2$ +,)1,'R' m

.6? R8D &',,L )"J BS; M<87<>Cm

";?<8 <;M>
";?<8 f'0( )"J BS8A; H8RA

(;G87; 2IJ2 f)R#,2 ?;E AD;E8

!%&. "+ BS6A C>= Y<8C BS; 7<8D=?

PDm 32 I"IJ%J"L2 $' +2,I)0' '0%R'$ ) &)I' +), ]R2^_ ]L)"^_ ]f%R^_ ]f2,^_ ]%J^_ ]"I^_ ) ]Jf2R^ >J20&%Q0@ s?#$%1'J),%) I2+',', 2$ O2,#) L +)02,$)I 20 R2(%)w (;MPA>$) >=B;A ?; Y6C;=b

/)). %J )O2, H;Y8<; A67= 6B

L>=GKE>$'I aC6A G6B>Ab

9'$$ Jf2R )bb ME;>A;

o/) 2X;GDB>AB; a;E M<87<>C>bm

.6? R8D &',,L %J )"Jm

";?<8 $)I<;M>GS8Ab (;GJ7;$) ?;E AD;E8 a;E S8CH<;b

0/

";?<8 f'0( Jf2R )"J !%&. f%R "+ Y<8C BS; 7<8D=?

(;ADC;=T <%+) O2,#)

(2

%=A;M><>HE;A

9','&J2,WIJ%&' &"20J'@

'

J202,

20

&6=7D=>9 -8A OD; E8 A8=4 E8 A8= M8< OD; AN9 @= E> Y<>A; >M><;G; E> IM;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A>e OD; E8 G8CME;C;=B>

);M><>HE;A

@E \; XD=B8
2$%12I

M8=;<

E>

IM;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A>e ;= C;?68 8 C>=B;=;< ;E \;
LD>=?8 A; ADAB6BDR; ;A> @AB8A ADAB6BDB8A IM;4 >=6C>E 8 G8A>e M8< G8E8G>= 36:B!=: IR2e4 IL)"e4 If%Re4 If2, e4 C;?68 ?;E \;
A; ;=

9)0e"1', $)I CpI -8A kjA G>CH6>= ?; Y8 M><> \><6>< ?; B6;CM8 C8?6Y6G>=?8 E> M<6C;<> M>E>H<> aE> OD; ;A D= \;E OD; E8 S> GD>EOD6;< 8B<8 \;C8A D=8A ;X;CME8A G8= IQ<6B; ?8Q=e a>=8B> GJC8 ;= ;AB8A kjA AJE8 A; G8=XD7> ;E \; M> OD; E8 A67D;b9 @= ;E ;X;CME8 M<8MD;AB8 IQ<6B;e4 OD; ;A 6<<;7DE>A>?8b4 IQ<6B;=e aM>5>?6K=?8E; E> M>E>H<> OD; G8<<;AM8=?>T IQ6EEe4 IQ8DE?e4 I?6?e4 ;BGb9 -> A;7D=?> M>E>H<> ?; ;AB8A \;A8 I?8Q=e4 M;=;G; 67D>E4 R B>CM8G8 A; A;M><> >E G>CH6>< ;E B6;CM8 ?;E \;CH6> ;= =6=7n= G>A89 "E;>A; l,%J2 ()l0 BS; >=AQ;=AQ;=AQ;78 W8D ',2 l,%J0%01 ()l0 BS; >=AQ;\; R8D l,%JJ20 ()l0 BS; >=AQ;\; C8<; B6C; W8D f'O2 #220 l,%J%01 ()l0 BS; >=AQ;=AQ;= ?8 6B 00

!,21"0J', 20 %01$HI @= 6=7EKA S>R ?8A Y8A M<6=G6M>E;A ?; M<;7D=B><9 -> M<6C;<>4 E> CPA BNM6G>C;=B; 6=7E;A>4 A; DA> G8= ;E hh | ?; E8A \; EJ76G> G8= E> OD; A; Y84 S>G;< M<;7D=B>A B; <;ADEB>

<> ;AB> D=> EJ76G> E8 OD; S><;C8AA;=G6EE> A;

YD=G68=>C6;=B89 "><> G8CM<;=?;< ;EE8 B8C><;C8A Y<>A; >Y6B6\> R E;;=6<;C8A >5>?6;=?8 ?6Y;<;=B;A M>E>H<>A4 OD; A8= E>A OD; A; ;=G><7>= ?; G8=\; ;= D=> M<;7D=B> R ?; C>B6[>4 EE;7>?8 ;E G>A89 -> A;7D=?> Y8 ?; M<;7D=B>< A; <;>E6[> G8= D=8A M8G8A \;CK \;<;A4 ;FME6G>?8A ;= ;E MD=B8 0^ ?; E> A;7D=?> M>=D>E9 ); G8CM8= ?; Y8 CPA A6CME; R M><;G6?> >E ;AM>58E4 G8= E8 OD; A8= CPA A;=G6EE8A R YPG6E;A >n= ?; >M<;=?;<9

/' b),R' &)RX0 (2 +,21"0J', 20 601$HID EN PRESENTE (¿VIVES AQUÍ?, ¿NECESITAS ALGO?) @= ;AM>58E M<;7D=B>C8A M8=6;=?8 D= A67=8 ?; 6=B;<<87>G6J= ?;E>=B; ?; E> Y<>A; R 8B<8 ?;BD=OD; =8 E8A M<8=D=G6;C8A9 @= 6=7EKA ADG;?; 67D>E4 AJE8 OD; ;E A67=8 OD; \> ?;E>=B; ?; E> Y<>A; =8 ;A ;E C6AC8 OD; ;= ;AM>58E9 @AB; 6?68C> ;= \;[ ?;E B<>?6G68=>E A67=8 I Se4 DA> D=> M>E>H<>9 "><> E>A M<;7D=B>A ;= M<;A;=B; DA> E> M>E>H<> I ()e aM<8=D=G6>?> U(0Ub9 @= ;AM>58E B8C>C8A D=> Y<>A; >Y6B6\> G8C8 I&;G;A6B>A D= =D;\8 ;CME;8e R E> G8=\; >5>?6;=?8 D= A67=8 ?; 6=B;<<87>G6J= >=B;A R 8B<8 ?;AMDKAT I S&;G;A6B>A D= =D;\8 ;CME;8 Ue @= 6=7EKA ;A 67D>E A>E\8 M8< ;E A67=8 ?;E M<6=G6M68 OD; ;A 8B<89 @= <;>E6?>? =8 ;A D= A67=84 ;A D=> M>E>H<>9 @= %=7EKA 67D>E OD; ;= ;AM>58E4 B8C>C8A D=> Y<>A; >Y6B6\> G8C8 IW8D =;;? > =;Q X8He a&;G;A6B>A D= =D;\8 ;CME;8b R M<;7D=B>C8A >5>?6;=?8 >E M<6=G6M68 E> M>E>H<> I 8)e R >E Y6=>E ;E A67=8 IUe9 'ANT I8) R8D =;;? > =;Q X8H Ue

0^

@X;CME8AT >b%,R'&%Q0@

!,21"0J'@

W8D ?;>E Q6BS G>BBE; aj8A8B<8A B<>BP6A G8=

8) R8D ?;>E Q6BS G>BBE; U

7>=>?8b

+S;R 76\; > <;Q> M8< KEb

8) BS;R 76\; > <;Q>
W8D <;>? \;AB a-;;A CDR ?;M<6A>b

8) R8D <;>? \;AB U

u; Q>=B B8 ME>R Q6BS S;< aZD;<;C8A XD7>< G8=

8) Q; Q>=B B8 ME>R Q6BS S;
a.>= D=>

;EE>b

6R+),J'0J2@ @E *+21'U7%"%&5% I()e ?; G8C6;=[8 ?; E>A M<;7D=B>A ;A D=> M>E>H<> OD; A; ;AG<6H; 67D>E OD; ;E \; 7<>CPB6G> B<>?6G68=>E 6=GEDA8 E8 G>B>E87> G8C8 \;D=OD; ;= <;>E6?>? =8 ;FM<;A> =6=7D=> >GG6J= GD>=?8 S>G; E>A \;G;A ?; A67=8 ?; 6=B;<<87>G6J= ;= D=> M<;7D=B>9

@AB8 ;A ?;H6?8 > OD; ;AB> M>E>H<> ;= <;E>G6J= G8= ;E <;AB8 ?; E> Y<>A; A; G8CM8 ?; Y8 CDR A6C6E>< >E G6B>?8 \;<> M<;7D=B>< ;= M<;A;=B; M;<8 <;Y6<6K=?8A; > D=> B; M; ?;E A6=7DE>< aKEe4 I;EE>e4 I;EE8e4 8 ISB% 0)O%)dme4 IS:$ 'O%Q0dme4 ;BG9b4 S> ?; B;< ;= I 3e a67D>E OD; ;E \; Y8 ?; I ()2I e9 'AN E>A A67D6;=B;A M<;7D=B>A4 >E <;Y;<6 E> B; M; ?;E A6=7DE><4 ;= \;[ ?; G8C;=[>< G8= I ()e > A;G>A4 E8 S>G;= G8= ;E I ()e OD; >G>H> ;= I3e aOD; ;A I()2I eb9 >b%,R'&%Q0@

!,21"0J'@

)S; Q6=A > M<6[; 6= BS; OD6[ a@EE>

8)2I AS; Q6= > M<6[; 6= BS; OD6[ U

7>=> D= M<;C68 ;= ;E G8=GD
%B 6=\8E\;A >= >?\>=B>7; Y8< DA a@A8

8)2I %B 6=\8E\; >= >?\>=B>7; Y8<

6CME6G> D=> \;=B>X> M><> =8A8B<8Ab

c8S= HDRA GE8BS;A 6= k<>=G; ac8S=

DAU 8)2I c8S= HDR GE8BS;A 6= k<>=G;U

G8CM<> <8M> ;= k<>=G6>b

c8S= S>A > =>MV6= 6= S6A S>=? ac8S= B6;=; D=> A;<\6EE;B> ;= AD C>=8b

8)2I c8S= S>\; > =>MV6= 6= S6A S>=?U 0_

7?<>@ ,HA;<\> OD; >E M<;7D=B>< R> E; M8=;C8A >E I ()e E>I3e OD; S>H6BD>EC;=B; A; E; M8=; >E \;=?8 E8 DA>C8A G8= E> B; M; ?;E A6=7DE><9 "8< ;A8 R> =8 S>G; Y>EB> OD; M8=KE \;E G8C8 A; S>G; ;= E> Y<>A; >Y6B6\>T c8S= #"LI GE8BS;A 6= k<>=G;

8)2I c8S= #"L GE8BS;A 6= k<>=G; U

c8S= f'I > =>MV6= 6= S6A S>=?

8)2I c8S= f'O2 > =>MV6= 6= S6A S>=? U

EN PASADO (¿FUISTE AL CINE AYER?, ¿VIAJABAS MUCHO ANTES ?) "><> M<;7D=B>< ;= M>A>?8 DA>C8A E> C6AC> EJ76G> ?;E MD=B8 >=B;<68<9 ";<8 ;= ;AB; G>A8 E> M>E>H<> OD; S>G; E>A \;G;A ?; A67=8 ?; 6=B;<<87>G6J= =8 ;A I?8e 8 I?8;Ae A6=8 I(%(e aM<8=D=G6>?> (+( b9 'AN A; B8C> D=> Y<>A; ;= >Y6B6\8 R A; E; >5>?; >E M<6=G6M68 E> M>E>H<> I8%(e R >E Y6=>E ;E A67=8 IUe9 ,X84 GD>=?8 M<;7D=B>C8A ;= M>A>?84 A; DA> I (%(e M><> B8?>A E>A M;A9 7)J'I@ L8C8 ;E I(%(e R> 6=?6G> OD; E> M<;7D=B> \> ;= M>A>?84 ;E \;R OD; M8=;CH6K= ;= ;AB; B6;CM8 R \> ;= M<;A;=B; aG8= E> Y8 ?; E> <>N[ ?;E \; C6AC> Y8 OD; ;= ;E >M>?8 >=B;<68<9 W B>CH6K= A6= E> I 3e ?; E8A \;= G8= E> B; M; ?;E A6=7DE><9 @X;CME8A %B S>MM;=;? R;AB;R

8%( 6B S>MM;= R;AB;R U

+S>B 6=G<;>A;? CR C8=;R

8%( BS>B 6=G<;>A; CR C8=;R U

+S; Q8C>= 8Y BS6A AS8M 6<<6B>B;? C;

8%( BS; Q8C>= 8Y BS6A AS8M 6<<6B>B; C;U

:; V;MB C; =;<\8DA >EE BS; C8<=6=7

8%( S; V;;M C; =;<\8DA >EE BS; C8<=6=7U

03

EN FUTURO (¿TRABAJARÁS MAÑANA ?, ¿TE MUDARÁS PRÓXIMAMENT E?) "><> M<;7D=B>< ;= YDBD<84 ?; =D;\84 DA>C8A E> C6AC> EJ76G>9 +8C>C8A D=> Y<>A; ;= M<;A;=B;4 >Y6B6\>4 R E; >5>?6C8A ;E A67=8 IUe >E Y6=>E4 G8C8 ;= ;AM>58E4 R >E M<6=G6M68 D=> M>E>H<> OD; =8A 6=?6OD; OD; ;AB>C8A M<;7D=B>=?84 M;<8 ;= YDBD<89 @A> M>E>H<> ;A E> C6AC> OD; A; DA> M><> M8=;< E8A \;E M<6=G6M68 ?; D=> Y<>A; 6=?6G> OD; A; B<>B> ?; D=> M<;7D=B> ;= YDBD<89 'AN4 M><> M<;7D=B>< I S@AG<6H6 A;C>=> OD; \6;=; Ue4 B8C>C8A E> Y<>A; >Y6B6\> ;= M<;A;=B; I@AG<6H; ;E 6=Y8 A;C>=> OD ; \6;=;e R >5>?6C8A Il%$$e >E M<6=G6M68 R ;E I Ue M><> G;<<>< E> Y<>A;9 'AN E> Y<>A; >Y6B6\> IW8D Q<6B; BS; <;M8 ;OD6\>E;=B; ;= YDBD<8T Ik%$$ R8D Q<6B; BS; <;M8
k%$$ '==6; 78 B8 pD=6GS BS; Y8EE8Q6=7 ADCC;
:; C;;BA =;Q M;8ME; 6= BS; G8EE;7;

k%$$ S; C;;B =;Q M;8ME; 6= BS; G8EE;7;m

u; ?6AB<6HDB; BS; B>AVA 6= BS; C8<=6=7

k%$$ Q; ?6AB<6HDB; BS; B>AVA 6= BS; C8<=6=7m

W8D B;>GS Q6BS >C;<6G>= H88VA

k%$$ R8D B;>GS Q6BS >C;<6G>= H88VAm

% Q6EE M>AA BS; ;F>C ADGG;AYDEER

k%$$ % M>AA BS; ;F>C ADGG;AYDEERm

:; Q6EE \6A6B "><6A =;FB Q;;V

k%$$ S; \6A6B "><6A =;FB Q;;Vm

7)J'@ LD>=?8 M<;7D=B;A ;= YDBD<8 G8= I l%$$e4 R E8 S>7>A <;Y6<6K=?8B; > E> B; M;4 M>A> 67D>E OD; G8= I ()e 8 I(%(e4 B>CM8G8 S>A ?; M8=; I3e >E \; Y<>A;9

0f

CON VERBOS QUE ACABAN EN “-RÍA” (¿vivirías aquí?, ¿te gustaría cenar?). "><> M<;7D=B>< G8= \;G>H>?8A ;= I g,W'e G8C8 Io:0J,20',W'I D= <>B8 G8=C678me 8 Io9),,21%,W'I ;AB8A ;FPC;=;Ame4 DA>C8A E> C6AC> EJ76G> R E> C6AC> Y8 ?; M<8G;?;<9 +8C>C8A E> Y<>A; ;= M<;A;=B;4 E; >5>?6C8A ;E A67=8 IUe >E Y6=>Er R >E M<6=G6M68 E> M>E>H<> OD; 6=?6G> OD; ;AB>C8A M<;7D=B>=?8 G8= ;E \;G>H>?8 ;= I g,W'e4 OD; ;= ;AB; G>A8 ;A Il)"$(e9 @AB> M>E>H<> GD>=?8 \> >E M<6=G6M68 ?; D=> Y<>A; 6=?6G> OD; A; B<>B> ?; D=> M<;7D=B> a67D>E OD; M>A> G8= I l%$$eb4 M;<8 ;= ;E G>A8 ?; Il)"$( eA; B<>B> ?;E B6;CM8 ?; E8A \;G>H>?8A ;= I g,W'e aG8C8 IM6=B> ,W'e4 I8,W'0e4 8 IXD7>,W'R)I^ 9b .; ;AB> C>=;<>4 M><> M<;7D=B>< Io !',J%&%+',W'I ;= E> <;D=6J=me4 8 o&8A '&)R+'Y',W'0 BDA >C678Am B8C>A E> Y<>A; ;OD6\>E;=B; ;= M<;A;=B;T I">A ;= E> <;D=6J=e 8 I+DA >C678A =8A >G8CM>5>5>?;A Il)"$(e >E M<6=G6M68 R ;E A67=8 I Ue >E Y6=>E9 'AN D=> Y<>A; >Y6B6\> G8C8 IW8D Q>=B > S8B ?87e4 B6;=; G8C8 M<;7D=B> ;OD6\>E;=B; ;= ;AB; B6;CM8T Ik)"$( R8D Q>=B > S8B ?87Ue aoZD;,,W'I D= M;<<6B8 G>E6;=B;mb @X;CME8AT W8D Y6=6AS ;>R

k)"$(

R8D

Y6=6AS

;>
B8?>Rm

ao<2,R%0',W'I M<8=B8 S8Rmb

p>V;A BS; B<>6= Q6BS '?;E;

k)"$( p>V; BS; B<>6= Q6BS '?;E;m ao<)R',W' p>
:; AB>RA >B S8C; 8= C8=?>RA

k)"$( S; AB>R >B S8C; 8= C8=?>RAm ao); M"2(',W' KE ;= G>A> E8A ED=;Amb

:; Q8DE? V=8Q S8Q B8 ?8 6B

k)"$( S; V=8Q S8Q B8 ?8 6Bm ao3'#,W'4 KE4 GJC8 S>G;
% Q8DE? B<>\;E >EE ><8D=? BS; G8D=B? B6C;b

k)"$( % B<>\;E >EE ><8D=? BS; G8D=BNAmb

7)J'@ .; =D;\8T GD>=?8 M<;7D=B;A G8= I l)"$( e4 R E8 S>7>A <;Y6<6K=?8B; > E> B; M;4 67D>E OD; M>A> G8= I l%$$e I()e 8 I(%(e4 B>CM8G8 S>A ?; M8=; I 3e >E \; Y<>A;9

0g

/' )J,' b),R' (2 +,21"0J', L8C8 ;FME6ODK >E S>HE>< ?;E B6;CM8 M<;A;=B;4 ;= 6=7EKA ;A CDR Y<;GD;=B; ;E DA8 ?; Y<>A;A ;= M<;A;=B; G8= \;B8T I@EE>A 2IJc0 ),1'0%a'0() D=> ;FGDA Y<>A;A G8= ;AB; B6M8 ?; B6;CM8A \;E;A a;AB8R S>G6;=?84 ;AB>C8A ADH6;=?84 ;BG9b B>CH6K= A; DA> CDGS8 ;= %=7EKA M><> S>G;< M<;7D=B>A4 G8C8 ;=T Io@ABP6A 8<7>=6[>=?8 D=> ;FGDG6;=?8 D= M<8B8B6M8me -> ;AB ?; ;AB>A Y<>A;A ;= %=7EKA ;A HPA6G>C;=B; E> C6AC> OD; ;= ;AM>58E9 )JE8 S>R OD; M8=;< ;E \;E M<6=G6M68 ?; E> Y<>A; A;7D6?8 ?;E 7;E OD; ;= G>AB;EE>=89 'AN E> Y<>A; IW8D ><; ME>R6=7 GS;AAe a+n ;ABPA XD7>=?8 >E >X;?<;[b4 B6; =; AD \;B8 M<;7D=B> ;= I'<; R8D ME>R6=7 GS;AAme ao@ABPA aBnb XD7>=?8 >E >X;?<;[mb9 "><> M<;7D=B>< ;= M>A>?8 8 ;= YDBD<8 G8= ;AB; B6M8 ?; Y<>A;A G8= 7;R OD; M8=;< ?;E>=B; ;E \;

EN PRESENTE. (¿Estamos comiendo pizza?, ¿Estoy hablando solo?) @X;CME8AT u; ><; <;>?6=7 BS; =;QAM>M;<

'<; Q; <;>?6=7 BS; =;QAM>M;
% >C ?>=G6=7

'C % ?>=G6=7m

)S; 6A B<>\;EE6=7 B8 &;Q W8
%A AS; B<>\;EE6=7 B8 &;Q W8
W8D ><; ?86=7 BS; <67SB BS6=7

'<; R8D ?86=7 BS; <67SB BS6=7m

+S;R ><; HD6E?6=7 > ?87 S8DA;

'<; BS;R HD6E?6=7 > ?87 S8DA;m

EN PASADO . (¿Estábamos comiendo pizza?, ¿Estaba hablando sólo?) @X;CME8AT u; Q;<; <;>?6=7 BS; =;QAM>M;<

u;<; Q; <;>?6=7 BS; =;QAM>M;
% Q>A ?>=G6=7

u>A % ?>=G6=7m 0h

)S; Q>A B<>\;EE6=7 B8 &;Q W8
u>A AS; B<>\;EE6=7 B8 &;Q W8
W8D Q;<; ?86=7 BS; <67SB BS6=7

u;<; R8D ?86=7 BS; <67SB BS6=7m

+S;R Q;<; HD6E?6=7 > ?87 S8DA;

u;<; BS;R HD6E?6=7 > ?87 S8DA;m

9QR) I2 +,21"0J' &)0 $)I O2,#)I 2I+2&%'$2I @AB8A \;E;Ae ;= %=7EKA A8=T 52 9'0 9)"$( B'L B%1fJ B"IJ W 3f)"$(

);< RU8 @AB>< "8?;<4 ?; A;< G>M>[ ">A>?8 ?; L>= "8?;<4 ?; M;?6< M;DB8<6[>G6J= "8?d @F6AB; E> M8A6H6E6?>? ?; OD;d .;H;<4 8HE67>G6J= .;H; aM><> ?>< G8=A;X8A 8 S>G;< >?\;Ab

"><> M<;7D=B>< G8= ;AB8A \;A C>E;B>Ame4 Io?;H; M;?6< D= >DC;=B8 ?; AD;E?8me4 IoM8? B8C>=A8me4 8 Io?;H8 S>G;< ;A; B<>H>X8me4 AJE8 S>R OD; M8=;E M<6=G6M68 ?; E> 8<>G6J= G8E8GP=?8E8A ?;E>=B; ?; >OD;E 8 >OD;EE8 OD; <;>E6[> E> >GG6J=9 @= ;AB; G>A8 ;A ;E \;G; E>A \;G;A ?; A67=8 ?; 6=B;<<87>G6J= ?;E M<6=G6M68 ?; E> Y<>A; aob4 67D>E OD; ;= E8A >M>?8A >=B;<68<;A OD; A; S>G; G8= IQ6EEe R IQ8DE?e ,HA;<\; ;AB8A ;X;CME8AT iE ;A ;E M<8Y;A8<

:; 6A BS; B;>GS;<

o@A KE ;E M<8Y;A8
6I S; BS; B;>GS;< U

@EE>A ;ABP= B<>H>X>=?8 ;= E> 8Y6G6=>

+S;R ><; Q8
o@ABP= ;EE>A B<>H>X>=?8 ;= E> 8Y6G6=>m

>,2 BS;R Q8
+8?8A M8?;C8A C;X8<>< o"8?;C8A C;X8<>< B8?8Am

@\;R 6CM<8\; B'L ;\;
W8 M8? ;ABD?6>< G6;=G6>A

% C67SB ABD?R AG6;=G;

o"8? ;ABD?6>< G6;=G6>Am aR8b

B%1fJ % ABD?R AG6;=G; U

@EE8A E8 S>= > M<8MJA6B8

+S;R Q8DE? ?8 6B 8= MD
^1

o-8 S>= ;EE8A > M<8MJA6B8m

k)"$( BS;R ?8 6B 8= MD
W8 ?;H; ?;G6< E> \;?

% AS8DE? A>R BS; B
o.;H; aR8b ?;G6< E> \;?m

3f)"$( % A>R BS; B
+n ?;H;A >B;=?;< ;= GE>A;

W8D CDAB M>R >BB;=B68= 6= GE>AA

o.;H;A >B;=?;< ;= GE>A;m

B"IJ R8D M>R >BB;=B68= 6= GE>AA U

!,21"0J'I J%+) ]SO'I 'K U^_ ]SO'R)I 'K U^ *=> Y8 Y<;GD;=B; R YPG6E ?; M<;7D=B>< G8A>A OD; M>A>?;E>=B; ;A G8= ISO'I 'KU e R ADA \><6>=B;A ao\>C8A >d m4 o\>= >dm4 ;BG9b9 @AB> ;FM<;A6J= ;= %=7EKA A; > aB;FBD>EC;=B;b G8C8 I;AB>< R;=?8 >e aB8 H; 786=7 B8b9 'ANo\>A > G8C;< > G>A> C>5>=>m4 ;= %=7EKA ;AT Io;AB>A R;=?8 > G8C;< > G>A> C>5>=>m a'<; R8D 786=7 B8 ;>B >B S8C; B8C8<<8Qmb9 "8< ;X;CME8 M><> ?;G6< Ioj>A > G;=>< CPA B> G;=>< CPA B>B;< D= =D;\8 G8GS;m

>,2 R8D 1)%01 J) HDR > =;Q G>
o@EE8A B; O'0 ' >RD?>
>,2 BS;R 1)%01 J) S;EM R8Dm

oZD6K= \> > \;=6< C>5>=>m

uS8 %I 1)%01 J) G8C; B8C8<<8Qm

oj>C8A > E6CM6>< E8A ME>B8Am

>,2 Q; 1)%01 J) Q>AS BS; ?6AS;Am

o@EE>A =8 O'0 ' XD7>< >E H>E8=G;AB8m

>,20xJ BS;R 1)%01 J) ME>R H>AV;BH>EEm

@X;CME8A ;= M>A>?8T o%H>A > XD7>< 78EY G8= p>
k2,2 R8D 1)%01 J) ME>R 78EY Q6BS p>
o%H> > G8CM<>< D= 7>B8m aKEb

k'I S; 1)%01 J) HDR > G>Bm

o%H> > \;< > (8GN8 ;AB> B>
k'I % 1)%01 J) A;; (8GN8 BS6A ;\;=6=7m

aR8b o%H>A > M<;7D=B>m

k2,2 R8D OD;AB68=m

G8=B;AB><

>

o&8 6H>= > S>G;< E8A ?;H;<;Am

C6

1)%01 J)

k2,20yJ BS;R S8C;Q8
1)%01

>=AQ;< CR J)

?8

BS; ^2

!,21"0J', +2,) 021'0() ao=8 G8C;A CPAm4 o=8 ?;H;A ;ABD?6>G;< M<;7D=B>A ;= =;7>B6\8 ;A CDR A;=G6EE8 A6 S>A ;=B;=?6?8 H6;= E> EJ76G> OD; A; ;FME6G> ;= E8A MD=B8A >=B;<68<;A9 "D;?;A S>G;AT >Dm -> CPA A;=G6EE> ;A >5>?6< I 0)J e XDAB8 ?;AMDKA ?; E> M>E>H<> 8 ;E \; E> M<;7D=B>T I?8e4 I?8;Ae4 I?6?e4 IQ6EEe4 IG>=e4 IC>R4 ;BG9 o&8 MD;?8 DA>< ;A; G8GS; M>MPm

B'L % 0)J DA; BS>B G>< ?>?m

o&8 M8?= BDA >C678A 7>=>< ;AB> \;[m

B%1fJ 0)J R8D< Y<6;=?A Q6= BS6A B6C;m

@A D=> YJ CDR A;=G6EE>4 M;<8 =8 ;A <;G8C;=?>HE; ?;E B8?84 A>E\8 G8= IR'Le R G8= IR%1fJ e9 L8= ;E <;AB8 aI?8e4 I?8;Ae4 I?6?e4 IQ6EEe4 IG>=e4 IAS8DE?4 ;BG9b AJE8 MD;?; G8=A6?;<>G8=A;X>HE; M><> 6=B;<68<6[>< E> C;GP=6G> ?; GJC8 M<;7D=B>< ;= =;7>B6\8 ;= 6=7EKA R AJE8 A6 ;ABPA CDR ;= E8A 6=6G68A ?; BD >M<;=?6[>X; ?;EA; 6=7EKA9 "8< OD; ?;G6= =8B 8 IopDAB =8B BS;Rdm 4 >D=OD; IBKG=6G>C;=B;e R B;R8Ddme ;=B;=?;=4 A8=> CDR > ;FB<>=X;<8 OD; =8 G8=8G; H6;= ;E 6?68C>9 5Dm -> C>=;<> 211 | G8<<;GB> ;A E> C6AC>4 M;<8 D=6;=?8 ;= D= A8E8 \8G>HE8 E> M>E>H<> 8 ;E \; E> M<;7D=B> G8= ;E I 7)Je9 'AN4 ;= \;[ ?; I%A =8B S;dme4 E8 G8<<;GB8 ?;E B8?8 A; I 6I0yJ S;dmer 8 ;= \;[ ?; IL>= =8B Q; Q>BGS BS; +jme4 E8 G8<<;GB8 ?; =D;\8 A; I 9'0yJ Q; Q>BGS BS; +jme9 @X;CME8AT

^/

o&8 \>C8A >E 76C=>A68 S8Rm

8)0yJ Q; 78 B8 BS; 7RC B8?>R

o&8 OD6;<; a;EE>b G8=?DG6< CPAm o&8 OD6A8 S>HE>< ?; ;EE8m

8)2I0yJ AS; Q>=B B8 ? <6\; C8<;m 8%(0yJ S; Q>=B B8 B>EV >H8DB 6Bm

o&8 \;=? ?;A>RD=>
k)0yJ R8D G8C; B8 H<;>VY>ABm

o&8 ;A ;A> E> ?6<;GB8<>m

6I0yJ AS; BS; ?6<;GB8
o&8 ;ABP= ;= -8=?<;A BDA >C67>Am

>,20yJ R8D< Y<6;=?A 6= -8=?8=m

o&8 MD;?;A >G>H>
9'0yJ R8D Y6=6AS BS>Bm

o&8 M8?A G8=B>E78m

9)"$(0yJ R8D B;EE C; A8C;BS6=7m

o&8 ?;H; B6;CM8m

3f)"$(0yJ 6B G88V C8<; B6C;

G8G;<

CPA

7)J'@ "><> CPA 6=Y8G6J= A8H<; E>A G8=B<>GG68=;A ;= %=7EKA4 \;< >M>?8 0_ ?;E M<;A;=B; C>=D>E

^0

67869: 8: /> ?5=> 9?B!/:<> 67<=?8F996?7 -"H 2I 2IJ2 $%#,)K L M"H 0) 2I > M"%H0 O' (%,%1%() 9QR) "I', 2IJ2 $%#,) ST2 (2 '+,20(2,R2 $'I ,21$'I (2 2IJ2 $%#,)U S9QR) '&&2() ' $)I OW(2)I L '"(%)I M"2 &)R+$2R20J'0 2IJ2 $%#,)U S:I XJ%$ +',' 20I2Y', ' 0 %Y)IU

!',J2 6@ !',J2I #cI%&'I (2$ f'#$', 20 601$HI N

/)I 0)R#,2I (2 $'I &)I'I 292 &8CH<;A ?; G8A>A 7E;A 29/ @E MED<>E ?; E8A =8CH<;A4 GJC8 A; S>G; 290 -8A =8CH<;A G8CMD;AB8A4 G8C8 IA>E\>\6?>Ae 8 IM><>7D>Ae 29^ @E 6=7EKA R E>A G8A>A OD; =8 A; MD;?;= G8=B>< 29_ op>AGDE6=8 8 Y;C;=6=8m 293 @= 6=7EKA E8A =8CH<;A B>CH6K= A; DA>= M><> G>E6Y6G>< G>E6Y6G>< 8B<8A =8CH<;A

P

F0_ "0)_ "0'_ 2$_ $'_ $)I_ $'I K /)I ',JW&"$)I /92 /9/ /90

V

*=4 D=>9 *=8A4 D=>A aR >E7D=8A4 >E7D=>Ab @E4 E>4 E8A4 E>A

-"%H0 f'&2 $'I &)I'I 092 09/ 090

W84 BD4 KE4 =8A8B<8Ad I@EE8e4 I;A8ed aI%Beb I-8e9 @E 8B<8 I;EE8e4 I;A8ed a;E 8B<8 I%Beb

Z

B%_ R2_ ' RW_ $2_ ' H$_ $2I_ $)I_ $'I_ 2J&D

[

60(%&'0() +)I2I%Q0 _92 _9/ _90 _9^

p6 G>A>4 BD G8GS;4 =D;AB<>A G8A>A pN84 BDR84 ;E ADR84 ;E =D;AB<8d -> IvAe M><> ?;G6< OD6K= M8A;; >E78 I*=8 C6AC8e4 ID=> C6AC>e

E

/' 2d+,2I%Q0 ]T'L^@ ]T'L '$1) 20K^_ ]T'L O',%)I (2 '$1) 20K^

G

:IJ)_ 2I)_ 'M"2$$)K

392 39/ 390 f92

^^

I+S;<; 6Ae R IBS;<; ><;e :>HN> D=> G8A> ;=d4 S>H

E78 ;=d "<;7D=B>< o:>Rd9m

I@AB8AU>Ae4 I;A8Ae4 I>OD;EE8Aed @E MED<>E ?; I+S6Ae R I+S>Be

\

] IBS>Be4 ;= E8A G>A8A ;= OD; ;= ;AM>58E ?;G6C8A IOD;e g9/ LDP=?8 &, A; DA> IBS>Bea>D=OD; ;= ;AM>58E AN A; ?6G; IOD;eb g90 LDP=?8 AN DA>< IBS>Be aOD;b g9^ LDP=?8 ;A 8MG68=>E DA>< IBS>Be aOD;b

z

/)I 0XR2,)I h92 h9/ h90 h9^ h9_ h93

.;E D=8 >E ?8G; .;E 20 >E 2h9 ->A ?;G;=>A -8A =nC;<8A 6=B;
N` /)I '(e2J%O)I 20 601$HI 2192

">E>H<>A G8= \><68A >?X;B6\8A9

NN 9QR) &)R+',', &)I'I 2292 LJC8 ?;G6< GD>E6?>?;A ?;AMDKA ?; G8CM><>< a"9 ;X9 p6<>4 ;A> C8B8 ;A CPA 7<>=?;9b 229/ L8CM><>=?8 ?8A G8A>AT aIcD>= ;A CPA E6AB8 OD;deb 2290 %7D>E>=?8 ?8A ;E;C;=B8AT aI-> Y ;A B>= A>=> G8C8deb 229^ LD>B<8 G8CM><>B6\8A ;AM;G6>E;A

NP /)I '(O2,#%)I 2/92 2/9/

-> B;G6J= Iv-We L8CM><>G68=;A ;= E8A >?\;
NV !)0%20() &'(' &)I' 20 I" I%J%) h? &QR) &)$)&', $'I b,'I2I 20 601$HIj 2092 209/ 2090

(;7E> ?; ,<8 ?; E>A k<>A;A ;= %=7EKA @E n=6G8 G>CH68 ?; E> <;7E> LJC8 >M<;=?;< ;AB> <;7E>T

NZ /'I +,2+)I%&%)02I 2^92 2^9/

LJC8 >M<;=?;A .J=?; G8E8G>< E>A M<;M8A6G68=;A ;= E>A Y<>A;A

N[ /'I &)0e"0&%)02I 2_92

@E G>A8 ?; E>A G8=XD=G68=;A ?; ?8A M>E>H<>A 8 CPA

NE 9$'O2I +',' 20J20(2, +'$'#,'I 0"2O'I 2392 239/

L8C6;=[8A OD; G>CH6>= ;E A;=B6?8 ?; E>A M>E>H<>A +;G68=;A OD; G<;>= M>E>H<>A

^_

!',J2 66D :d+,2I'0() '&&%)02ID :$ p2,#) /)I O2,#)I 20 601$HI I)0 bc&%$2I NG /' #'I2 h) ,'Waj (2 $)I O2,#)I N\ :$ %0b%0%J%O)D Nz :$ O2,#) ]I2,^ L 2$ O2,#) ]2IJ',^ 20 601$HI h20 +,2I20J2j 2h92 2h9/

"><> GD>=?8 A; B<>B> ?; D=> A8E> M;T "><> ;E MED<>ET

P` T'#$', 20 +,2I20J2 &)0 $)I (2RcI O2,#)ID ]r) '0()^_ ]:$$' 2I&,%#2^_ ]9)R2R)I^_ ]>+,20(20^ PN 9)0 $)I O2,#)I 20 601$HI I%2R+,2 f'L M" 2 (2&%, M"%20 f'&2 $'I &)I'I PP DDD :78?@ M"2 2I 12,"0(%) PV /' )J,' b),R' (2 f'#$', 20 +,2I20J2 20 601$HID ]r) 2IJ)L $2L20()^_ ]7)I)J,)I 2IJ'R)I I"#%20()^D PZ 8'0() Q,(202I P[ T'#$', 20 C"J",) /_92 /_9/ /_90

LJC8 M8=;< D= \; Y8 ?; S>HE>< ;= YDBD<8T -D;78 \8R >d C>5>=> \>A >d IiE ;AB>

H>X>=?8e4 Ij8A8B<8A ;AB>A>e

PE ]9)R2,W'^_ ]-"2,,W'^_ ]!20I',W'^ PG C,'I2I M"2 2R+%2a'0 +), ]3%DDD^ /f92 /f9/ /f90

k<>A;A IA6de G8C8 ;= ;AM>58E9 k<>A;A IA6de ?6Y;<;=B;A ?;E ;AM>58E9 k<>A;A OD; ;CM6;[>= M8< I)699e4 M;<8 G8= A;<

P\ 82&%, $'I &)I'I 20 +'I'() /g92 /g9/

+n G8CN>A4 ;EE>A M>A;>H>=4 cD>= B<>H>XJ999 j;<;AT -8A \;G;= ;E M>A>?8 > AD C>=;<>999

Pz :$ +'I'() (2 ]<) #2^ V` !'I'()I &)R+"2IJ)I &)R)@ W8 ;AB>H> E;R;=?84 Bn ;AB>H>A ADH6;=?89 VN <%2R+)I &)R+"2IJ)I &)0 2$ O2,#) f'#2, &)R)@ ]f2 2IJ'()^_ ]f'#W' &)R%()^_ #,c0 %()^_ f'#,W'R)I &)0I21"%()K^ 0292 029/

^3

@E 8B<8 I:>\;eT I:>\;v:>H;<> E8A B6;CM8A G8CMD;AB8A IW8 S; \6>X>?8e4 I@EE> S> ?8
0290 I+n S>HN>A G8CM>HHH>X>?8e 029_ I:>HC8A OD;<6?8e4 I:>H= EE;7>?8ed 0293 IW8 S>H?8 H;H6;=?8e4 I +n S>H?8 B<>H>X>=?8e 029f -8 C6AC8 M;<8 =;7>=?8T IW8 =8 S; \6>X>?8e4 I+n =8 S>HA G8CM>E4 M;<8 M<;7D=B>=?8T Io:> ?8bme4 Io:>H<;C8A G8=?DG6?8 CDGS8me

VP F0 &'I) '$1) 2I+2&%'$@ ]T' 2IJ'() "0 (W' '0('0()^_ ]/$2O) "0' f),' &)R%20(){

VV F0' O"2$J' (2 J"2,&'@ I+n S>H?8de4 I@EE8A S>H= ;AB>?8de VZ >$1"0)I O2,#)IK +2&"$%',2I 0^92 0^9/ 0^90 0^9^ 0^9_ 0^93 0^9f

o"8< ODK A8= M;GDE6><;Am LD>E;A A8=T @AB>A A8= ADA M;GDE6><6?>?;A YD=?>C;=B>E;AT @FME6G>?8A D=8 M8< D=8T "8?HE; B8e ->A ?8A \;\;v+;=;\; $8Be I.,e R Ip'}@e4 E8A \;<> S>G;< G8A>A

0^9g

I$ete ;E \;
V[ 9)0J,'&&%)02I VE 9QR) +','b,'I2',

.

0392 -8A \;<> M<>Y<>A;>R4 B;EE9 W GJC8 =8 G8=YD=?6EV4 R AM;>V

VG ]:I 0),R'$ M"2 2IJ) +'I2^_ ]-"%2,) M"2 &)0J%0X2^D 82I2)I L +)I%#%$%('(2ID 0f92 0f9/

L8C6;<>4 \6\6;<>4 MC;<6G>=>9 L8C6;<>4 \6\6;<>4 M<8H><> G8= IAS8DE?e9 -> j;
V\ :$ &",%)I) &'I) (2 $)I O2,#)I (2 ()I +'$'#,'I h/)I +f,'I'$ O2,#Ij 0g92

ZDK A8= ;AB8A \;E>H<>A

0g9/ 0g90 0g9^ 0g9_ 0g93

(;>EC;=B; DA>= E8A kjAm LD>=B8A kjAA;S>Rm LJC8 YD=G68=>= (;ADC;=T L8=XD7>< E8A kjA

^f

!',J2 66 6@ 721', L +,21"0J', 2 0 601$H I Vz 9QR) I2 0%21' 20 %01$HI 0h92 -> Y8 S6M;< ;= %=7EKAT I&8Be 0h9/ -> Y8 YPG6E ?; =;7>< ;= 6=7EKA aI.8 =8Be4 I.6? =8Beb 0h90 &;7>< ;= YDBD<8 R G8= B6;CM8A B6M8 Ive aI>G>H>e4 IH;H;e4 =;G;A6B>e4 ;BG9b

Z` 9"'0() "I', ]0)^ L &"'0() ]0)J^ ZN 7) 0%21"2 ()I O2&2I ZP !,21"0J', 20 %01$HI ^/92 ^/9/ ^/90 ^/9^

-> Y8 G8Cn= ?; M<;7D=B>< ;= %=7EKA9 -> 8B<> Y8 ?; M<;7D=B>< LJC8 A; M<;7D=B> G8= E8A \;E;A "<;7D=B>A B6M8 Io\>A >d me4 Io\>C8A >d me

ZV !,21"0J', +2,) 021'0() hS0) &)R2I RcIU_ S0) (2#2,W'I 2IJ"(%',UDDDj ZZ !,21"0J', 20 J%2R+)I &)R+"2IJ)I &)0 ]f'#2,^ hSf'I &)R%()U_ Sf2R)I J2,R%0'()U_ Sf'0 $$21'()Uj ^^92 ^^9/ ^^90 ^^9^

o:>= \;=6?8m4 o:> ;AB>?8dm o:>HN>= \;=6?8m4 o:>HN> ;AB>?8dm o:>H= \;=6?8m4 o:>H A6?8dm o:>HH
Z[ !,21"0J'I +',' )#J202, %0b),R'&%Q0 ^_92 ^_9/ ^_90 ^_9^

oZDK dm oLDPEdm oLDP=?8d m o.J=?;dm

^_9_ ^_93 ^_9f ^_9g

o"8< ODKdm oZD6K=dm o' OD6K=dm o.; OD6K=dm

ZE !,21"0J', ]S9QR)KU^_ 20 601$HI I2 f'&2 &)0 ]T)l^@ ZG !,21"0J', ]S9"c0J)KU^ ) ]S9"c0J'IKU J'R#%H0 I2 f'&2 &)0 ]T)l^ Z\ ]/) M"2 M"%2,'I^@ >$1"0'I (2 $'I '0J2,%),2I n ]m2O2,^ Zz :$ &'I) (2 $'I +,21"0J'I M"2 2I+2,'0 "0 ]3W^ +), ,2I+"2IJ'D [` 9"'0() $) %R+),J'0J2 0) 2I M"%H0 f'&2 $'I &)I'I_ I%0) 'M"2$$) M"2 I2 f'&2D a,<>G68=;A ;= M>A6\>b _192 @=B;=?6;=?8 E8A C;=A>X;A ;= Y8 M>A6\> @& @)"'~,_19/ @=B;=?6;=?8 E8A C;=A>X;A ;= Y8 M>A6\> @& %&$-i)

^g