Jeanette Vivien Vivien R. R. Jalalon Performed: Lab Partner:
Date
Experiment 1 Solubility of Organic Compounds I. Objectives(s) •
To To determine determine the solbilit! solbilit! class of or"anic com#onds sin" solvent solvent s!stems in order to determine their main fnctional "ro#
II. $chematic Dia"ram of the Procedre Add 5 drops solvent to micro test tubes
Add &2 drops'pinc# test test compound s#ake *res# sample
+ H2O
III. Table of Rea"ents%Prodcts (&$D$) + diet#$l et#er
S1
S2 (#ig#l$ S2 (#ig#l$ olar
+ 5% aOH
+ 5% H!l
+ 5% aH!O"
Water-soluble compounds B
Reagent or Product 'cetone
A2 (weak)
A1 (strong) (strong)
Basic Physical $ a%ards & aste Acidic compounds Properties !isposal compounds M + conc (MP, P, !ensity, H2SO4 "ppearance, etc# Miscellaneous neutral (*)+O Melting Point' s2in and non, ,- (,/*-0) e!e irritant3 halo"enated compounds oilingI Point' or"anic 5aste N carcino"eni 1. (/**0) c3 Inert compounds Neutral compounds ha4ardos 5hen in"ested.
Structure
!ensity' 6.789 "ppearance' lear3 colorless3 volatile liid.
'niline
1;+ Melting Point' ,1.+ (+/0) oiling Point' /89 (*1*0) !ensity' /.6++ "ppearance' olorless3 oil! liid. Dar2ens on e<#osre to li"ht or air.
combstible 3 carcino"eni c3 irritant3 #ermeator3 ha4ardos 5hen in"ested
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
=en4aldeh !de
71O
Melting Point' ,+1 oiling Point' /7- !ensity' /.69 "ppearance' sli"htl! solble in 5ater
e!e and s2in irritant3 #ermeator3 ha4ardos 5hen in"ested
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
=en4amid e
77;O
Melting Point' /+7 , /*6 (+1/ , +110) oiling Point' +88 (60) !ensity' /.*/9 "ppearance' olorless cr!stals.
irritant3 #ermeator3 ver! ha4ardos in case of in"estion
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
=en4oic 'cid
1OO
Melting Point' /++ (++0) oiling Point' +9- (9860) !ensity' /.+1"ppearance' >hite3 needle,li2e cr!stals.
e!e and s2in irritant3 #ermeator3 ha4ardos 5hen in"ested
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
=en4!l 'lcohol
1+O
Melting Point' ,/ (0) oiling Point' +6 (96/0)
sli"htl! ha4ardos 5hen
non, halo"enated or"anic
!ensity' /.69 "ppearance' lear3 colorless liid.
in"ested3 s2in and e!e irritant
5aste
?thanol
+1O
Melting Point' ,//9 oiling Point' 78 !ensity' 6.78"ppearance' lear3 reddish bro5n liid.
sensiti4er3 s2in and e!e irritant3 #ermeator3 do not inhale
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
e
1/9
s2in and e!e irritant3 #ermeator3 @ammable
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
Phenol
11O
Melting Point' ca. ,- (ca. ,/*-0) oiling Point' ca. 18 (ca. /90) !ensity' 6.11 "ppearance' lear3 colorless liid. Melting Point' 9* (/6-0) oiling Point' /8+ (*160) !ensity' /.67 "ppearance' olorless to li"ht #in2 cr!stals.
corrosive3 irritant3 sensiti4er3 #ermeator3 ma! #rodce blisterin"3
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
$crose
/+++O//
Melting Point' /16 , /81 (*+6 , *170) !ensity' /.87 "ppearance' &onoclinic s#henoidal cr!stals.
e!e irritant3 sli"htl! ha4ardos in case of contact
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
Tert,bt!l chloride
9-l
Melting Point' ,+1 oiling Point' /+7.6 , /+-.6 de" A 716.66m !ensity' 6.89 "ppearance' lear
@ammable3 do not indce vomitin"3 ha4ardos 5hen
halo"enated or"anic 5aste
liid
in"ested
Tolene
78
Melting Point' ,- (,/*-0) oiling Point' /// (+*+0) !ensity' 6.817 "ppearance' lear3 colorless liid.
@ammable3 irritant3 ha4ardos 5hen in"ested
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
Dieth!l ether
9/6O
Melting Point' ,/+* (,/8-0) oiling Point' * (-0) !ensity' 6.7/*7 "ppearance' lear3 colorless liid.
irritant3 #ermeator3 @ammable
non, halo"enated or"anic 5aste
B ;aO
;aO
Melting Point' */8 (1690) oiling Point' /*-6 (+*90) !ensity' +./* "ppearance' >hite3 deliescent #ellets or @a2es.
corrosive3 #ermeator3 do not indce vomitin"
base 5aste
B ;aO*
;aO*
Melting Point' 16 (/960) oiling Point' 8/ !ensity' +./"ppearance' >hite cr!stalline
sli"htl! ha4ardos 5hen in"ested3 s2in and e!e irritant
base 5aste
#o5der.
B l
l
onc. +$O9
+$O9
Melting Point' ,79 (,/6/0) oiling Point' * (/+70) '4eotro#e (+6.+B) boils at /6- (++80) !ensity' /./"ppearance' olorless3 fmin" liid Melting Point' * (/66B)3 ,*+ (-*B)3 ,*8 (78B)3 ,19 (1B). !ensity' /.89 "ppearance' lear3 colorless soltion.
corrosive3 #ermeator3 irritant3 sensiti4er
acid 5aste
ver! corrosive3 irritant3 ma! #rodce tisse dama"e
acid 5aste
IV. $et,#s (if an!) Materials and Apparatus •
&icro test tbes3 Paster #i#ette3 s#atla
Waste Disposal •
•
Dilte all aeos soltions and #or to the sin2 5ith co#ios rnnin" 5ater. Dis#ose the ndissolved solids to the $OLID >'$T? container. Transfer all hetero"enos soltions to a se#arator! fnnel. ollect the a5eos la!er and #or to the sin2 5ith co#ios rnnin" 5ater. Dis#ose the or"anic la!er to the ;O;, 'LOC?;'T?D ORC';I >'$T? jar.
V. Data
uide )uestions /. 0or soltes that are dissolved becase of intermoleclar attractions 5ith the solvent3 state the intermoleclar forces of attraction involved. a. b. c. d. e.
$crose , 5ater: !dro"en bond ?thanol , 5ater: !dro"en bond ?thanol , dieth!l ether: London dis#ersion forces 'cetone , 5ater: !dro"en bond Di#ole,di#ole forces 'cetone , dieth!l ether: London dis#ersion forces
+. 0or soltes that are dissolved becase of reaction 5ith the solvent3 5rite the balanced eations involved. a =en4oic acid E B ;aO 1OO(s) F ;aO(a) G 1OO,;aF(a) F +O(l) b =en4oic acid E B ;aO* 1OO(s) F ;aO*(a) G 1OO,;aF(a) F +O*(") c =en4!l alcohol E concentrated +$O9 1+O(l) F +$O9(a) G 1+O+F(a) F $O9,(a) d =en4aldeh!de E concentrated +$O9 1O(l) F +$O9(a) G 1OF(a) F $O9,(a) e Phenol E B ;aO 1O(s) F ;aO(a) G 1O;a(a) F +O(l) f 'niline E B l 11;+(l) F l G 11;*Fl,(a) F +O(l) *. On the basis of solbilit! behavior3 determine the best solvent to diHerentiate the follo5in" #airs of com#onds. a. *OO and *(+)OO (+O) b. *+O+* and *+O (dieth!lether) c. Tolene and ben4aldeh!de (+$O9) d. Tert,bt!l chloride and tert,btanol (+$O9) a *OO and *(+)OO >ater: *OO is solble in 5ater 5hile *(+)OO is not becase it has more than carbons in its #arent chain b *+O+* and *+O >ater: *+O is solble in 5ater 5hile *+O+* is not becase it is a non #olar molecle c tolene and ben4aldeh!de concentrated +$O9: ben4aldeh!de is solble in concentrated +$O9 5hile tolene is not becase it 5ill not react 5ith the solvent d tert ,bt!l chloride and tert ,btanol 5ater: tert ,btanol is solble in 5ater 5hile tert ,bt!l chloridebecase the! do not have the same intermoleclar force •
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References / &. Jones and $.'. 0lemin"3 Or"anic hemistr!3 ;orton3 9th edn.3 ##/9, /1. + hemistr! Online. (n.d.). $olbilit!. Retrieved Janar! +83 +6/ from htt#:%%5eba##s.tsc.toronto.ca%chemistr!online%solbilit!.#h# * la!den3 J (+66/). Or"anic hemistr!. O
9 Cilbert3 J. (+6//).?<#erimental Or"anic hemistr!: ' &iniscale and &icroscale '##roach. =oston3 &': en"a"e Learnin" Lehman3 J. (+668) O#erational Or"anic hemistr!: ' Problem,$olvin" '##roach to theLaborator! orse. Prentice all$hriner3 R. (+669).The $!stematic IdentiKcation of Or"anic om#onds. anada: John >ile! $ons.
