Experiment 1 Prelab

Mark Lester Conde 2011

November 16,

Lab partner: Solubility Behavior of Organic Compounds

I. Objective  To be able to determine the structures of substances by means of studying the solubility behavior of these substances. II. Schematic Diagram of the Procedure Place 5 drops of the solvent in the micro test tube. Add 1-2 drops or a small pinch of  the test compound and mix vigorously. Record the solubility as (+) for soluble and (-) for insoluble. Test each compound following the flowchart in figure 1.

 Test the solubility of each compound in water and record the solubility. Test the solubility of water-soluble compounds compounds using ether. On the other hand, use 5% NaOH for the water-insoluble substances. The compounds are soluble even if they don’t dissolve completely, as long as it is more soluble in the solvent than in water.

 Test the solubility of compounds soluble in 5% NaOH using 5% NaHCO 3. Use 5% HCl for compounds that are insoluble in 5% NaOH.

 Test the solubility of compounds with no nitrogen or sulfur and are insoluble in 5% HCl using concentrated H 2SO4. Observe any manifestations of a reaction.

Figure 1 III. Table of Reagents/Products Rgt/Pdt Acetone

Aniline

Structure

Physical Properties Colorless, mobile, flammable liquid

Hazards Flammable

Colorless, flammable, unpleasant odor

 Toxic

Benzyl alcohol

Benzaldehyde

Colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor Pleasant almondlike odor

Benzoic acid

Benzamide

Colorless crystalline solid

Causes irritation to skin eyes and respiratory tract; flammable Causes irritation to skin eyes and respiratory tract; flammable Irritating

Off-white solid Ethyl alcohol

Hexane

Volatile, flammable , colorless liquid

Harmful if  swallowed; has carcinogenic effects Flammable

Phenol tert -Butyl

Colorless liquids at room temperature; boiling points between 50 and 70 °C; gasoline-like odor

Flammable, poisonous

chloride White crystalline so lid  Toxic, corrosive

 Toluene

Colorless, liquid organic compound at room temperature

Flammable

Sucrose Clear, waterinsoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners

Flammable, irritating to skin

Combustible

White, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste

IV. Set-ups V. Waste disposal -Aqueous solutions should be diluted and poured into the sink. -Remaining compounds must be disposed into the proper organic waste container. VI. Data sheet