1. For solutes that are dissolved because of intermolecular attractions with the solvent, state the intermolecular forces of attraction involved. Sucrose- It is considered polar because of the hydrogen bonding between the – OH group and water. Ethanol- It is soluble in water due to the OH group which allows hydrogen bonding but insoluble to diethyl ether because of the London dispersion forces present. Acetone- The carboxyl group is partially positive, positive, allowing interactions to occur. o ccur.
Summary: Acetone + water: H-bonding, dipole-dipole, London dispersion forces Acetone + diethyl ether: London dispersion forces Ethanol + water: H-bonding, dipole-dipole, London dispersion forces Ethanol + diethyl ether: dipole-dipole, London dispersion forces Sucrose + water: dipole-dipole, London dispersion forces, H-bonding
2.) For solutes that are dissolved because o f reaction with the solvent, write the balanced equation involved: Benzoic acid + NaOH: C6H5COOH(s) + OH (aq) -> C6H5COO (aq) + H2O(l) Benzoic acid + NaHCO3: C6H5COOH(s) + HCO3(aq) -> C6H5COO (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Phenol + NaOH: C6H5OH(aq) + OH (aq) -> C6H5O (aq) + H2O(l) Aniline + HCl: + + C6H5 NH2(aq) + H (aq) -> C6H5 NH3 (aq) Benzyl Alcohol + H2SO4 + C6H5CH2OH(aq) + 2H2SO4(aq) -> C6H5COSO3H(s) + HSO4 (aq) + H3O (aq) Benzaldehyde + H2SO4 + C6H5COH(aq) + 2H2SO4(aq) -> C6H5COSO3(s) + HSO4 (aq) + H3O (aq) 3. On the basis of solubility behavior, determine the best solvent to differentiate the following pairs of compounds: a. CH3COOH and CH3(CH2)5COOH – NaHCO3 b. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 and CH3CH2OH – Dimethyl sulfoxide or water c. toluene and benzaldehyde - H2SO4 d. tert-butyl chloride and tert-butanol - Water
