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Experiemnt C Separating a Mixture by Thin Layer Chromatography
Lab Report Name:
Chui Wai
Student ID:
2012600412
Group Member: Date of Experiment: 200!2014
Demon"trator:
Samantha Chan
Data Da ta Shee Sheett Sketch of Chromatograms
#
$
C
D
E
Eth%&
hexane
methano&
di'h&orometh
to&uene
a'etate
(ptima& "o&)ent "%"tem:
ane
E: to&uene 12
C*EM 1042
Reference Materials Analysis
Biphenyl
!
Ben#ophen
"henylphen
one
ol $M%
$&%
$'%
!+
+
2,-,
46-,
46-,
46-,
0-+1.
0-1.2
0-,4+
Compone
Component
Component
nt ,
-
.
$if any%
$if any%
$if any%
Distance tra(ele) by sample $mm% Distance tra(ele) by sol(ent from $mm% Rf (alue
*nkno+n Sample Analysis
Distance tra(ele) by sample
.
!+-,
.-,
2,-,
26-,
!.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
0-14
0-+1
0-160
0-,4!
0-,64
0-.+.
/
/
N
M
N
(
(
M
$mm% Distance tra(ele) by sol(ent from $mm% Rf (alue
/)entity
1!
C*EM 1042
Results 0 Discussion
,
a% Rank the polarity of reference M 1 ' in ascen)ing or)er2 b% Accor)ing to the R f (alues obtaine)3 explain ho+ the compoun) structures a4ect their R f in the chosen sol(ent2 a
M(N
b he more po&ar the or3ani' 'ompound i" the "ma&&er the 5f )a&ue of the or3ani' 'ompound he "i&i'a 3e& i" a po&ar 'ompound and due to the theor% of &i7e di""o&)e &i7e8 po&ar 'ompound" tend to intera't 9ith po&ar 'ompound"- #" the 'ho"en "o&)ent i" nonpo&ar therefore the "o&)ent 9i&& not ha)e intera'tion 9ith "i&i'a 3e&M i" a "%mmetri'a& 'ompound 9hi'h i" nonpo&ar it i" 9a"hed up b% the "o&)ent 9ithout an% attra'tion from "i&i'a 3e& and thu" it mo)ed up fa"ter ha)in3 a &ar3e 5f *o9e)er N and ( are po&ar 'ompound"- he (* bond in the 'ompound 3i)e N a hi3h po&arit%- ( i" a "%mmetri'a& 'ompound but it ha" pair" of free e&e'tron from ox%3en atom 9hi'h ma7e" ( bein3 po&ari;ed-N i" a &inear "tru'ture and ( i" mu'h bu&7% than N#" a re"u&t N ha" a 3reater po&arit% than (- #" the "o&)ent mo)in3 up N experien'e more attra'tion from the "i&i'a 3e& than ( doe" and hen'e mo)e "&o9er than N and therefore ha" a "ma&&er 5f-
14
C*EM 1042
-
5or the t+o (isuali#ation metho)s mentione) in this experiment3 state the limitation $if any% for each of them2 Also suggest any precautions in carrying out these metho)s2
1,
C*EM 1042
1 <= >uore"'en'eNot a&& 'hemi'a& 'omponent" are "en"iti)e to the <= &i3ht and on&% the "en"iti)e one 'an be )i"ua&i;ed- (n the other hand "ome 'hemi'a&" are )er% "en"iti)e to the <= &i3ht and 9i&& immediate&% de'ompo"ed 9hen hi3h ener3% <= &i3ht "hined on it- <= &i3ht i" harmfu& to the human bod% 9hi'h 9i&& 'au"e "7in 'an'er or "7in burnin3 herefore 9e better 9ear "un 3&a"" or 3o33&e" to prote't our e%e" and 9ear 3&o)e" to prote't out hand" 9hi'h 9i&& expo"ed under the <= &i3htS9it'h o? the de)i'e on'e %ou @ni"hed the experiment-
2 Iodine "tainin3 Some 'hemi'a& 'omponent" doe" not rea't 9ith Iodine and hen'e no re"u&t 9i&& be ob"er)ed- #nd iodine )apori;ed Aui'7&%- If the rea'tion time bet9een the 'hemi'a& and iodine i" "&o9er than the )apori;ation "peed of the iodine the re"u&t "ho9n 9i&& not be a''urateIodine i" toxi' and 'au"e harmfu& e?e't to the human bod%- So 3o33&e i" needed to prote't the e%e" and 3&o)e" "hou&d be 9ore to a)oid dire't 'onta't bet9een the hand "7in and iodine- #&"o "u'h pro'e"" "hou&d under3o in"ide a fume 'upboard to pre)ent inha&e the iodine )apour-
.
"re)ict an) explain the e4ect of increasing the polarity of sol(ent on the mobility of organic compoun)s on silica gel2
16
C*EM 1042
In'rea"e in the po&arit% of the "o&)ent 9i&& in'rea"e the mobi&it% of or3ani' 'ompound on "i&i'a 3e&- In'rea"in3 the po&arit% of the "o&)ent 9i&& redu'e the intera'tion bet9een the "i&i'a 3e& and the or3ani' 'ompound" thu" in'rea"in3 the mobi&it%When a hi3her po&arit% "o&)ent i" u"ed the intera'tion bet9een the "i&i'a 3e& and the po&ar or3ani' 'ompound" i" "i3ni@'ant&% redu'ed or 'an be "aid that i" rep&a'ed b%- hu" hi3her po&arit% of "o&)ent 9i&& in'rea"ed the mobi&it% of or3ani' 'ompound"- Bor nonpo&ar 'ompound" it 9i&& u"t 9a"h up b% the "o&)ent 9ithout an% intera'tion 9ith the "i&i'a 3e&-
Explain +hat a mixe) sol(ent system is an) state its possible a)(antages o(er single sol(ent system2
# mixed "o&)ent "%"tem i" the "o&)ent "%"tem 9ith more than one "o&)ent mixed to3ether 9ith a @xed ratioSome 'ompound" ha" "imi&ar "o&ubi&it% in the "ame "o&)ent but di?erent "o&ubi&it% in another "o&)ent- $% u"in3 a mixed "o&)ent "%"tem a better "eparation 'an be obtained hu" a better re'o3nition of 'omponent" 'an be done- #&"o u"in3 a mixed "o&)ent "%"tem the po&arit% of "o&)ent 'an be @nd tuned to an appropriate po&arit% %ou 9ant-
