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PR-;R R6S6;R P;P6R
Utilization of the Global Positioning System in different areas areas in the University of Santo Tomas
Honey Grace B. Pami ∙ Gisselle Mildred V. Palo ∙ !ey !hymyl S. !amirez ∙ !ichard ". !a#eses
Reporting: 17 February 2015/ Final Report: 24 February 2015
Global Position Positioning ing System System GPS!" GPS!" "bstract The Global origin originall ally y inten# inten#e# e# $or mili militar tary y appli% appli%ati ations ons is a satell satellite ite&ba &base# se# na'iga na'igatio tion n system system ma#e ma#e up o$ a net(or) o$ 24 satellites pla%e# into orbit by the *+S+ ,epartment o$ ,e$ense+ -n the 1.0s" the go'ernment ma#e ma#e the system system a'aila a'ailable ble $or %i'il %i'ilian ian use+ use+ GPS GPS (or)s in any (eather %on#itions" any(here in the (orl#" 24 hours a #ay+ GPS satellites %ir%le the earth t(i%e a #ay in a 'ery pre%ise orbit an# transmit signal in$o in$orm rmat atio ion n to eart earth+ h+ GPS GPS re%e re%ei' i'er erss ta)e ta)e this this in$ormat in$ormation ion an# use triangula triangulation tion to %al%ulate %al%ulate the users ea%t lo%ation+ To learn the utiliation o$ a GPS #e'i #e'i%e %e in lo%a lo%ati ting ng a %ert %ertai ain n ob3e ob3e%t %t is the the main main ob3e%ti'e o$ this eer%ise+ The a%ti'ity in'ol'es the use o$ Garmin Garmin GPSmap GPSmap 7%s" 7%s" in lo%ating lo%ating #i$$erent #i$$erent ob3e%ts ob3e%ts in the *ni'ersity *ni'ersity o$ Santo Santo gi'en gi'en #i$$eren #i$$erentt %oor#inates+
an#ling 6#itor: Gisselle il#re# 8+ Paulo + G+ 9+ Pami ! ,epartment o$ 9iologi%al S%ien%es" *ni'ersity o$ Santo Tomas" Tomas" anila" Philippines e&mail: ho neygra%epamiyahoo+%om neygra%epamiyahoo+%om G+ + 8+ Paulo ,epartment o$ 9iologi%al S%ien%es" *ni'ersity o$ Santo Tomas" Tomas" anila" Philippines R+ R+ S+ Ramire ,epartment o$ 9iologi%al S%ien%es" *ni'ersity o$ Santo Tomas" Tomas" anila" Philippines R+ ;+ Ra
-n our group=s group=s %ase" %ase" gi'en the %oor#inates" %oor#inates" > 14? @+4.= 6 120? 5.+@25=" (ithin the range o$ A5m" an# tree as a %lue (e ha# i#enti$ie# a mahogany tree near the 9uena'entura Gar%ia Pare#es" B+P+ 9uil#ing" the Thoma Thomasia sian n ;lumn ;lumnii 9uil# 9uil#ing ing++ There There are #i$$er #i$$erent ent $a%tors $rom (hi%h lo%ating an ob3e%t using a GPS might be erroneousC pro'ision o$ %lues" #i$$erent units o$ GPS" number o$ satellites" the openness o$ the area an# others+ To a'oi# these errors proper usage o$ the #e'i%e must be obser'e#+ $ey%ords Global Positioning System D GPS D *ni'ersity *ni'ersit y o$ Santo Tomas Tomas D *ST &ntrodction
Global positioning system is a global system o$ the *+S+ *+S+ na'iga na'igatio tion n satell satellite itess #e'elo #e'elope# pe# to pro'i# pro'i#ee pre%ise positional an# 'elo%ity #ata an# global time syn%hroniation $or air" sea" an# lan# tra'el+ ost o$ the the time time"" it is use# use# to pre% pre%is isel ely y lo%a lo%ate te a thre three& e& #ime #imens nsio iona nall posi positi tion on"" in%l in%lu# u#in ing g the the lati latitu tu#e #e"" longitu#e" an# ele'ation" any(here on the sur$a%e o$ the earth+ The basis o$ the GPS is a %onstellation o$ satellites Figure @+1! that are %ontinuously orbiting the earth+ These satellites" (hi%h are eEuippe# (ith atomi% atomi% %lo%)s" %lo%)s" transmit transmit ra#io signals signals that %ontain their ea%t lo%ation" time" an# other in$ormation+ The ra#io signals $rom the satellites" (hi%h are monitore# an# %orre%te# by %ontrol stations" are pi%)e# up by the GPS re%ei'er+ The GPS has repla%e# tra#itional sur'ey metho#s an# o$$ers a %ost&e$$e%ti'e" a%%urate" an# rapi# rapi# means means o$ #eter #etermin mining ing the lo%ati lo%ations ons o$ points e+g+ soil sample lo%ations an# monitoring (ells!" lines e+g+ streams" roa#s" or utility lines!" an#
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areas e+g+ %ontamination plumes" (etlan#s" or buil#ings!+
'igre (.)* Garmin GPSma+ ,-cs
!eslts
The table belo( sho(s the groups" their respe%ti'e %oor#inates" error an# %lue" an# their ans(er/s to (hat has been as)e# to be i#enti$ie# (ith the gi'en %oor#inates an# %lues+
Figure @+1: The GPS satellite net(or) Materials and methods
This a%ti'ity reEuire# the use o$ a GPS re%ei'er Figure @+2! to lo%ate #i$$erent ob3e%ts or organisms (ithin the groun#s o$ *ni'ersity o$ Santo Tomas" using the %oor#inates gi'en to ea%h group+ Garmin GPSmap 7%s (as the spe%i$i% bran# an# mo#el o$ the GPS re%ei'er that (as use#+ The unit %an be #ash& mounte#" an# reEuires energy $rom $our ;; batteries or on a 'ehi%le=s battery using in%lu#e# 12&'olt po(er a#apter+ There are 'arious (ays to lo%ate %ertain pla%es using the GPS re%ei'er+ Hhen the %oor#inates are gi'en" one must a%%or# his mo'ements to the GPS re%ei'er in su%h a (ay that the instrument (oul# play the #esire# %oor#inates+ Some mo#els o$ GPS re%ei'er %an pro3e%t a map sho(ing the path to ta)e to rea%h the %oor#inate=s lo%ation a$ter inputting it to the ma%hine+ Bn the other han#" i$ one #esires to )no( to %oor#inates o$ a pla%e" the GPS ma)es use o$ the signals o$ multiple satellites+ The satellites %ompute the user=s %urrent %oor#inates an# then the re%ei'er #isplays the %oor#inates+ The user simply has to mo'e a%%or#ing to the %hanges in the %oor#inates until the assigne# %oor#inates sho( up on the re%ei'er=s s%reen+
oor#inates/ 6rror/lue Groups 1 I > 14? @+54@= 10 6 120?
[email protected]= A5m %olony o$ 5 arboreal green Groups 2 I . > 14? @+5@@= 6 120? 5.+444= A4m large" #ea# Groups @ I 7 > 14? @+4.= 6 120? 5.+@25= A5m tree Groups 4 I
Groups 5 I
> 14 @+50 6 120 5.+@2 A5m > 14 @+5@ 6 120 5.+@7 Am
Groups= ;ns(er 1: bir#=s nest $ern 10: unname# tree
2: log ben%h .: log ben%h @: mahogany tree 7: 2 mahogany trees" 1 sampalo% tree 4: tree : tree" %ollege letters
5: stage : manhole
/iscssion
The table belo( sho(s the groups" their respe%ti'e %oor#inates" error an# %lue" an# the %orre%t ans(er to (hat has been as)e# to be i#enti$ie# (ith the gi'en %oor#inates an# %lues+ Groups= ;ns(er Groups 1 I 10 1: bir#=s nest $ern
10: unname# tree Groups 2 I . Groups @ I 7
Groups 4 I
2: log ben%h .: log ben%h @: mahogany tree 7: 2 mahogany trees" 1 sampalo% tree 4: tree
: tree" %ollege letters
orre%t ;ns(er/ Jo%ation Asplenium nidus bir#=s nest $ern/ Kpa)pa) la(inL! log ben%h Swietenia macrophylla mahogany tree! sign
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Groups 5 I
5: stage : manhole
Mstage/manhole
M un%ertain Group 1 ha# %orre%tly ans(ere# (hat (as being as)e# to be i#enti$ie#+ Gi'en the %lue N colony of 5 arboreal green" the members o$ the group (ere probably %ertain in i#enti$ying the $ern" Asplenium nidus" be%ause o$ the spe%i$i%ity an# uniEueness o$ the %hara%teristi% that there are no other organism/thing (hi%h possesses su%h %hara%teristi%+ Gi'en the same %oor#inates" error an# %lue" group 10 (asn=t able to gi'e the right ans(er+ They ha# ta)en a photo o$ a tree" not the $ern" as their ans(er+ He belie'e that the %ause o$ this error might ha'e possibly stemme# $rom the un$amiliarity o$ the term" arboreal (hi%h means li'ing in trees+ They may be %on$use# also (ith the a##ition o$ the %lue N colony of 5+ This is 'ague as it %an be interprete# that the lea'es are o$ %olony o$ 5 lea#ing to %on$usion+ The groups 2 an# . a%%urately i#enti$ie# the log ben%h being as)e# to be lo%ate#+ ;gain" #ue to the %lue gi'en be$orehan# N large, dead " it may ha'e been an easy sear%h $or the t(o groups as there might probably no other large an# #ea# at the 'i%inity o$ the area+ ;s (hat r+ Pa'ia sai#" i$ there (as a #ea# %o( near the lo%ation" it (ill be har#er to )no( pre%isely (hi%h (as being as)e# to be i#enti$ie#+ The groups @ an# 7 has i#enti$ie# the spe%i$i% tree to be i#enti$ie#+ Gi'en the %lue N tree" Group 7" our group" ha# some un%ertainties in $in#ing the right tree+ ;lthough it has been pointe# an ea%t %oor#inates in the mahogany tree (hi%h (as being as)e# to lo%ate" the 'i%inity has a lot o$ mahogany trees surroun#ing it an# one sampalo% tree ha# ma#e its signi$i%an%e" thus (e ha# a##e# the Tamarindus indica in one o$ our guesse# ans(ers+ Gi'en no %lues at all this time" groups 4 an# ha# not lo%ate# the sign (hi%h has been as)e# to be i#enti$ie#+ ;ns(ers o$ the groups (ere trees an# %ollege letters near the %hapel+ -$ there (as a %lue" it may ha'e been easier to i#enti$y" ho(e'er i$ the %lue (as a sign" it (oul# be also tri%)y" as there (ere 2 signs a#3a%ent to ea%h other in that lo%ation" thus it has to be more spe%i$i%+ ;s the pre'ious groups" groups 5 an# (ere not gi'en a %lue but both ha# gi'en the same guesses (hi%h are the stage an# the manhole near it+ -t (as
not really %ertain that this (as the %orre%t ans(er as the a$$irmation o$ the ans(er (as also eEui'o%al+ 0onclsion
Hith these results an# un%ertainties o$ the ans(ers" (e ha# obser'e# a number o$ $a%tors (hi%h may a$$e%t the rea#ing+ The $irst is the pro'ision o$ %lues+ The more %lues gi'en to the group" the easier $or the sear%h+ -n groups 1 (ho ha# @ %lues an# 2 an# ." (ho ha# 2 %lues" they (ere %ertain that the $erns an# the log ben%h" respe%ti'ely" (ere the ans(er+ ;lthough in our %ase" (e might ha'e been o'eranalye# the %lue gi'en" that it ha# ma#e us #oubt in our a%%urate rea#ing+ >et $a%tor is the GPS units use#+ He are gi'en 2 #i$$erent units o$ GPS an# (e are not sure (hi%h (as use# by the one (ho got the %oor#inates+ Ji)e any other instruments" #i$$erent GPS units may gi'e #i$$erent #ata+ Thus" it (ill be a#'isable i$ same GPS unit (ill be use# to lo%ate+ ;s a remin#er be$ore using the GPS" i$ the transmitter is %o'ere#" errors might happen+ -t (as also a#'ise# to re$rain $rom mo'ing" espe%ially running" as it is not $ast to up#ate your lo%ation an# ma)e it prone to ina%%ura%ies+ Jastly" the number o$ satellites is a $a%tor+ 6'en though the stan#ar# is 5 satellites" the more satellites" the sharper the triangulation an# 'i%e 'ersa!+ !eferences
GPSMAP ® 7!S"# Mapping GPS with Sensors $wner%s Manual + Tai(an: Garmin" 2005+ Heb+ TJ 6#u%ation Solutions Jimite#+ &ntroduction to &nformation Technology+ -n#ia: Pearson 6#u%ation" 2005+ Print+
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