ERTMS ETCS Signalling System MaurizioPalumbo1

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railwaysignalling.eu railwaysignalling. eu DATE

AUTHOR

27/0/20!4

Mauri"io #a$u%&o

London 9A Devonshire Square EC2M 4YTE London - UK

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Author

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27/07/20!2

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www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 www.railwaysignalling.eu© The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e 2 o. 0

CO"TE"TS $ !"TRODUCT!O" ........................................................................................... 6 $.$ $.& $.' $.( $.* $.

CO"TE%T ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 #UR#OSE A"D REC!#!E"TS ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 CO"TE"TS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 RE)ERE"CE DOCUME"TS A"D ART!CLES ........................................................................................................................................ 7 ACRO"+MS, A--RE!AT!O"S A"D DE)!"!T!O"S ............................................................................................................................. 8 A-OUT THE AUTHORS ............................................................................................................................................................... 10

& SOME H!STOR+ A-OUT RA!LA+ S!0"ALL!"0 ................................................11 &.$ EOLUT!O" O) S!0"ALL!"0 -LOC1 S+STEMS .................................................................................................................................11 2.1.1 THE TRAC1 C!RCU!T ............................................................................................................................................................................ 12 THE A%LE COU"TER ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 2!2 &.& AT# S+STEMS ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14 &.' SA)E -RA1!"0 CURE ................................................................................................................................................................15 &.( )ROM "AT!O"AL AT# TO ERTMS/ETCS ........................................................................................................................................ 16

................................................................................ ......... 18 ' HS/HC RA!LA+ L!"ES ....................................................................... '.$ DE)!"!T!O"S ............................................................................................................................................................................ 18 '.& TAR0ETS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 '.' !M#LEME"TAT!O" !" EURO#E.................................................................................................................................................... 19 '.( !M#LEME"TAT!O" !" !TAL+ ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 '.(.$ ERTMS/ETCS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 '.(.& 0SM2R ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 '.(.' CSS 2 HS .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21

.................................................................................. .......... 22 22 ( ERTMS #RO0RAMME ........................................................................ (.$ (.& (.'

SOME H!STOR+ A-OUT ERTMS ................................................................................................................................................... 22 ADA"TA0ES O) ERMTS ............................................................................................................................................................23 MOD!)!CAT!O" O) ERTMS/ETCS S#EC!)!CAT!O"S .......................................................................................................................... 24

* ETCS COMMA"D2CO"TROL A"D S!0"ALL!"0 S+STEM ................................... 26 *.$ ETCS LEELS............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 *.$.$ ETCS 2 LEEL 3 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2+ *.$.& ETCS 2 LEEL $ .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2+ *.$.' ETCS 2 LEEL & .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2, *.$.( ETCS 2 LEEL ' .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 *.& ARCH!TECTURAL DESCR!#T!O" ................................................................................................................................................... 30 *.&.$ TRAC1S!DE SU-S+STEM ...................................................................................................................................................................... 31

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................................................. .................................. .................................. ................................... ................................... ..................... .... 31 ETCS ................................ R-Cs .............................................................................................................................................. 32 "T0 ............................................................................................................................................... 33 1MS............................................................................................................................................... 33 EURO-AL!SES ................................................................................................................................ 33 LEU ................................................................................................................................................ 34 MAR1ER -OARDS .......................................................................................................................... 34

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*.' )U"CT!O"AL DESCR!#T!O" ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 *.'.$ TRAC1S!DE SU-S+STEM ...................................................................................................................................................................... 42

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................................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................42 !M#ROED SA)ET+ ................................ Mo6ement Authority .................................................................................................................... 42 Tem7orary S7eed Restri5tion ........................................................................................................ 43

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!M#ROED #ER)ORMA"CE ......................................................................................4+ !"CREASED !")RASTRUCTURE CA#AC!T+ ...................................................................................... 4+

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www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e 4 o. 0

L!ST O) )!0URES tta"hment 1 Railway Engineering asis .................................................................................................... ..................... , igure 2 hne &l"5 system ......................................................................................................................................... 11 igure 3 tra"5 "ir"uit with un""upie! &l"5 ................................................................................................................... 12 igure 4 tra"5 "ir"uit with ""upie! &l"5....................................................................................................................... 13 igure  S"hemati" $ %le Cunter system ................................................................................................................... 14 igure + 6istry $ signalling systems ............................................................................................................................ 1 igure , Sa$e ra5ing M!el .......................................................................................................................................... 1+ igure  the !i*ersity $ Eurpean T systems ............................................................................................................. 1+ igure  7urney time impr*ements n the 6S/6C 8talian line Milan-Naples ................................................................. 1 igure 10 6S/6C railway Eurpean netwr5 ................................................................................................................... 1 igure 11 re'uen"y all"atin in 00 M6(-an! ........................................................................................................... 21 igure 12 9SM-R r"hite"ture........................................................................................................................................ 21 igure 13 6ierar"hi" !"ument le*el............................................................................................................................... 22 igure 14 er$rman"e in"rease with ERTMS ................................................................................................................. 23 igure 1 ER lg ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 igure 1+ Change Request pr"ess $r ERTMS/ETCS spe"i$i"atins ................................................................................ 2 igure 1, ETCS : ;e*el 1 peratin !iagram ................................................................................................................... 2, igure 1 in!i"atr panels .............................................................................................................................................. 2, igure 1 E%"hange $ in$rmatin &etween RC an! train&rne ................................................................................... 2 igure 20 ETCS : ;e*el 2 peratin !iagram .................................................................................................................. 2 igure 21 ETCS : ;e*el 3 peratinal !iagrams ........................................................................................... ................... 2 igure 22 6S/6C railway transprt system ..................................................................................................................... 30 igure 23 Cmmuni"atin $ the tra"5si!e su&system with ther ERTMS ;2 elements .................................................. 31 igure 24 RCs area g*ernan"e respnsi&ility .............................................................................................................. 32 igure 2 Eur&alises n a railway tra"5 ......................................................................................................................... 34 igure 2+ ERTMS/ETCS Mar5er &ar!s .......................................................................................................................... 34 igure 2, Tw pssi&le rutes $rm  t  ..................................................................................................................... 3 igure 2 6S/6C lgna TCC ....................................................................................................................................... 3+ igure 2 ERTMS/ETCS C"5pit ..................................................................................................................................... 3, igure 30 ETCS heel Sensr ................................................................................................................................................. 40 igure 33 Ra!ar Sensr .................................................................................................................................................. 41 igure 34 ""elermeter ................................................................................................................................................ 41 igure 3 ll"atin $ a M*ement authrity............................................................................................. ................... 42 igure 3+ ll"atin $ a temprary spee! restri"tin .................................................................................................... 43 igure 3, Rail "apa"ity parameters ................................................................................................................................. 4, igure 3 T9? spee! wrl! re"r! ................................................................................................................................. 3 igure 3 8nter$a"e &etween Tra"5si!e an! Train&rne Su&systems .............................................................................. 3 igure 40 9RS-R r"hite"ture ...................................................................................................................................... 4 igure 41 ir 9ap 8nter$a"e............................................................................................................................................. + igure 42 Triggering $un"tins $r @Message 2 SR uthri(atinA ................................................................................. 

L!ST O) TA-LES Ta&le 1 Re$eren"e <"ument Ta&le ............................................................................................................ .....................  Ta&le 2 "rnyms# &&re*iatins an!

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2 )resen(s a &rie. his(or o. (he railway signalling i(h an e@,ursus a%on+ (he si+na$$in+ &asi, ,on,e)(s .ro% nine(een(h ,en(ur (o no'adasB i( in(rodu,es (o (he &ir(h o. E8TMS )ro+ra%%e

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4 )resen(s a &rie. his(or o. (he ERTMS programmeB e@)$ainin+ (he reasons .or 'hi,h i( 'as &ornB i(s %ain su&ss(e%s and (he ,han+e s)e,i.i,a(ion )ro,ess ur(her%oreB i( in(rodu,es (he %ain advan(a+es ,onsequen( & (he ado)(ion o. (his s(andard

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Ta4le $; Re8eren5e Do5ument Ta4le

$.* A5ronyms, A44re6iations and De8initions Term ATC AT# ATO ATS -L -SC -SS -TS CCS CES CR DM! DEM! ERA ERTMS ERR! ETCS EU EC )!S )S 0D 00S" 0#RS2R 0SM2R HSSS HS/HC LEU

De8inition Au(o%a(i, Train Con(ro$ Au(o%a(i, Train #ro(e,(ion Au(o%a(i, Train <)era(ion Au(o%a(i, Train Servi,e 1ase Line 1ase S(a(ion Con(ro$$er 1ase S(a(ion Su&ss(e% 1ase Trans,eiver S(a(ion Co%%and and ,on(ro$ ss(e% Condi(iona$ E%er+en, S(o) Chan+e 8eques( Driver Ma,hine *n(er.a,e Deu(s,he 1ahn E%er+en, 1ra?e *n(erven(ion Euro)ean 8ai$'a A+en, Euro)ean 8ai$'a Tra..i, Mana+e%en( Ss(e% Euro)ean 8ai$'a 8esear,h *ns(i(u(e Euro)ean Train Con(ro$ Ss(e% Euro)ean Union Euro)ean i(a$ Co%)u(er un,(iona$ *n(er.a,e S)e,i.i,a(ion errovie de$$o S(a(o :es(ione de$$a ia :a(e'a :#8S Su))or( Hode :enera$ #a,?e( 8adio Servi,e J 8ai$'a :$o&a$ Ss(e% .or Mo&i$e Co%%uni,a(ions J 8ai$'a i+h S)eed Si+na$$in+ Ss(e% i+h S)eed / i+h Ca)a,i( Lineside E$e,(roni,s Uni(

www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e  o. 0

MA MM! MRS# "T0 "T# O-U #D# R-C S-! SDT S0S" S"C) SoM STM S+RS TA) TC TCC T0 TMS TS! TSR MM! U"!S!0

Move%en( Au(ori(h Man Ma,hine *n(er.a,e Mos( 8es(ri,(ive S)eed #ro.i$e He('or? Trans%ission :a(e'a He('or? Ti%e #ro(o,o$
Ta4le &; A5ronyms, A44re6iations and De8initions


$. A4out the authors Mauri"io #a$u%&o is (he .ounder o. railwaysignalling.euB 'here hes a$so ?no'n as esuviusP e 'as &orn in Ha)$es F*(a$G on 2(h Se)(e%&er !9 A( (he end o. 20!0B he +o( his de+ree in Co%)u(er En+ineerin+ .ro% (he Universi( ederi,o **P o. Ha)$es es a oun+B ,uriousB s%i$in+ and en(husias(i, ,o%)u(er ss(e%s en+ineer 'i(h s)e,i.i, e@)er(ise in rai$'a si+na$$in+ and E8TMS/ETCS FEuro)ean 8ai$'a Tra..i, Mana+e%en( Ss(e% / Euro)ean Train Con(ro$ Ss(e%G e has &een invo$ved in Ss(e%s and A))$i,a(ion En+ineerin+ a,(ivi(ies on (hree E8TMS s,he%es F*(a$B Den%ar? and UKG and on a %e(ro )ro>e,( FLondon (u&eB UKG

Mi,he$e 8us,i+no is a oun+ e$e,(roni, en+ineerB +radua(ed 'i(h dis(in,(ion a( (he #o$(e,hni, o. 1ari F*(a$G Sin,e (he se,ond ha$. o. 20!5 heQs 'or?ed as E8TMS Tes( En+ineer e ,u$(iva(es a s(ron+ )assion .or (rans)or(a(ion and rai$'as ss(e%s and one o. his +oa$s is (o s)read his ?no'$ed+e & %eans o. (he 'e& and %a?e (he )eo)$e .a$$ in $ove 'i(h (his e@,i(in+ .ie$d *n )ar(i,u$arB heQs s)e,ia$i"ed in (he (rain&orne equi)%en(sB 'or?in+ on sa.e( require%en(s .or (he ETCS on&oard su&ss(e% Sin,e De,e%&er 20!5 he ,o$$a&ora(es 'i(h railwaysignalling.euB 'here heQs a$so ?no'n as :iuninho =odi S,a$ise "lla&rates with railwaysignalling.eu sin,e Se%)(e%&er 20!4 e +o( in =u$ 20!5 his Mas(ers de+ree in E$e,(roni, En+ineerin+ a( Universi( o. $oren,e F*(a$G es a ,uriousB )roa,(ive and 'i$$in+ (o $earn en+ineer e has 'or?ed a( ECM S)A in #is(oiaB as e$e,(roni, desi+ner and va$ida(ion en+ineer sin,e (he &e+innin+ o. 20!! e has &een invo$ved in (es( and va$ida(ion o. %an ETCS su&ss(e%s )ro>e,(s *n )ar(i,u$arB hes s)e,ia$i"ed in (ra,? ,ir,ui(s (e,hno$o+iesB Euro&a$ise (e,hno$o+ies and odo%e(er su&ss(e%s

www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e !0 o. 0

& SOME H!STOR+ A-OUT RA!LA+ S!0"ALL!"0 Railway signalling ,an &e de.ined as a$$ ss(e%s used (o ,on(ro$ rai$'a (ra..i, sa.e$B essen(ia$$ (o )reven( (rains .ro% ,o$$idin+ A$$ rai$'a sa.e( ss(e%sB s(ar(in+ .ro% (hose used sin,e (he &ir(h o. (he .irs( rai$roads in Euro)eB (o (he %os( advan,ed ss(e%s no'adas usedB share a &asi, ,on,e)(;

Trains cannot collide with each other if they are not permitted to occupy the same section of track at the same time. or (his reasonB rai$'a $ines are divided in(o se,(ionsB ?no'n as blocks *n nor%a$ ,ir,u%s(an,esB on$ one (rain is )er%i((ed in ea,h &$o,? a( a (i%e

&.$ EOLUT!O" O) S!0"ALL!"0 -LOC1 S+STEMS *n (he ear$ das o. rai$'asB a( (he %idd$e o. (he nine(een(h ,en(ur F!30GB %en 'ere e%)$oed (o s(and a( in(erva$s F&$o,?sG a$on+ (he $ine 'i(h a s(o)'a(,h and (he used hand signals (o in.or% (rain drivers (ha( a (rain 'as +oin+ (o )ass %ore or $ess (han a ,er(ain nu%&er o. %inu(es )revious$ The 'a(,h%en had no 'a o. ?no'in+ 'he(her a (rain had ,$eared (he $ine aheadB so i. a )re,edin+ (rain s(o))ed .or an reasonB (he ,re' o. a .o$$o'in+ (rain 'ou$d have no 'a o. ?no'in+ un$ess i( 'as ,$ear$ visi&$e As a resu$(B a,,iden(s 'ere ,o%%on in (he ear$ das o. rai$'as e$)in+ s(a..B semaphores 'as in(rodu,ed a( (he (urn o. (he ,en(ur F!900G The si+na$ .e$$ in(o hori"on(a$ )osi(ion Findi,a(in+ s(o)G 'hen (he (rain 'as +oin+ (o )ass Su,h ()i,a$ si+na$ is sho'n in (he se,ond )i,(ure o. i+ure  i(h (he inven(ion o. (he e$e,(ri,a$ (e$e+ra)h and (hen o. (he (e$e)honeB i( &e,a%e )ossi&$e .or (he s(a.. a( a s(a(ion F train dispatchersGB (o send a %essa+e F.irs( a s)e,i.i, nu%&er o. rin+s on a &e$$B (hen a (e$e)hone ,a$$G (o ,on.ir% (ha( a (rain had )assed and (ha( a s)e,i.i, &$o,? 'as .ina$$ ,$ear A&ou( in !950 (he .irs( o)(i,a$ si+na$s 'ere in(rodu,ed The 'ho$e ss(e% 'as ,a$$ed (he asolute

lock system or phone lock system and i(s re)resen(ed in i+ure 2

)igure &; #hone 4lo59 system www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e !! o. 0

hen fixed mechanical signals &e+an (o re)$a,e hand si+na$s .ro% (he !950sB (he semiautomatic

lock 'as &orn *(s ,ri(eria 'as ana$o+ous (o (he )reviousB &u( (he e@,han+e o. in.or%a(ion &e('een (he si+na$ &o@es (oo? )$a,e via an e$e,(ri, ,ir,ui( and a ss(e% o. $eversB 'i(h 'hi,h reques( and +ran( )er%ission (o a,,ess (he &$o,? are sen( Ho'adasB (he rai$'a si+na$$in+ is &ased on (he automatic lock B 'hi,h does no( require %anua$ in(erven(ion A $ine equi))ed 'i(h (he si+na$in+ ss(e% e$e,(roni, au(o%a(i, &$o,? or

interlocking is

divided in(o se,(ions o. $en+(h no( shor(er (han (he s(o))in+ dis(an,e on (he .as(er (rains )resen( on (he rou(e The .un,(ion o. de(e,(in+ (he )resen,e or (ransi( o. (he vehi,$es in a )ar(i,u$ar se,(ion is $e.( (o a ss(e% ,a$$ed tra59 5ir5uit

2.1.1 The tra59 5ir5uit or (his )ur)oseB rai$'a (ra,?s are divided in(o &$o,?s o. varin+ $en+(h Ea,h &$o,? s(ands ou( .ro% (he ad>a,en( ones & %eans o. an insu$a(ed >oin( &e('een rai$s and i( )er%i(s (he de(e,(ion o. (he )resen,e o. a (rain Tra,? ,ir,ui(s o)era(iona$ )rin,i)$e is &ased on an e$e,(ri,a$ si+na$ i%)ressed &e('een (he ('o runnin+ rai$s The )resen,e o. a (rain is de(e,(ed & (he e$e,(ri,a$ ,onne,(ion &e('een (he rai$sB )rovided & (he 'hee$s and (he a@$es o. (he (rain F'hee$-(o-rai$ shun(in+G The &asi, DC (ra,? ,ir,ui( 'as inven(ed & Dr i$$ia% 8o&inson and .irs( used in a rai$'a a))$i,a(ion in !72 The (ra,? ,ir,ui( ,onsis(s in a &$o,? se,(ion de.ined a( ea,h ed+e & insu$a(ed >oin(s on (he rai$s The insu$a(ed >oin(s )rovide e$e,(ri,a$ insu$a(ion &e('een a (ra,? ,ir,ui( and (he ad>a,en( (ra,?s The si+na$ sour,e Fin (his ,ase a &a((erG is ,onne,(ed (o (he rai$s a( one ed+e o. (he &$o,? se,(ionB 'hi$e (he re,eiver Fa re$aG is ,onne,(ed (o (he o(her ed+e

)igure '; tra59 5ir5uit with uno55u7ied 4lo59


hen no (rain is )resen(B (he (ra,? ,ir,ui( is uno,,u)iedB and (he dire,( ,urren( su))$ied & (he &a((er is (rans%i((ed & (he runnin+ rai$s (o (he re$a and ener+i"es i( or )i,?s i( u)P hen (he re$a is ener+i"edB (he +reen si+na$ $i+h( is (urned on Fi+ure 5G hen a (rain a))roa,hes (he &$o,?B i(s 'hee$s and a@$es ,onne,( (he ('o runnin+ rai$s (o+e(her shor(in+ (he &a((er and (here& redu,in+ (o "e ro (he ,urren( (hrou+h (he re$a This ,auses (he re$a (o dro)P Fi+ure 4GB (urnin+ o.. (he +reen si+na$ $i+h( and (urnin+ on (he red $i+h( (o indi,a(e (ha( (he &$o,? is o,,u)ied & a (rain A series resis(or 'i(h (he &a((er )ro(e,(s i( & $i%i(in+ (he ,urren( (ha( i( %us( )rovide 'hen a (rain is )resen(

)igure (; tra59 5ir5uit with o55u7ied 4lo59 The (ra,? ,ir,ui( sho'n here has &een si%)$i.ied .or (he i$$us(ra(ion )ur)ose *n )ra,(i,a$ a))$i,a(ionB (he re$a 'ou$d have severa$ se(s o. ,on(a,(s ,onne,(ed in ,o%&ina(ion 'i(h (he ,on(a,(s o. o(her re$as &e$on+in+ (o near& (ra,? ,ir,ui(s (o .or% $o+i, ,ir,ui(s .or (he ,on(ro$ o. (he si+na$in+ devi,es Even in (he si%)$e .or% sho'n in i+ure 4B i( ,an &e no(i,ed (ha( (he &rea?in+ o. an ,ondu,(or or (he $oss o. )o'er in (he ,ir,ui( 'i$$ ,ause ei(her a red si+na$ or no si+na$ a( a$$ (o &e dis)$aed A red or dar?P si+na$ %us( &e a$'as in(er)re(ed as a s(o) ,o%%and To )u( i( ano(her 'aB a$$ si+na$in+ ss(e%s are desi+ned so (ha( a +reen si+na$ F%eanin+ )ro,eedG is )resen(ed on$ 'hen (he (ra,? ,ir,ui(s )rovide )osi(ive in.or%a(ion (ha( i( is sa.e (o do so

2!2 The A:le Counter An a$(erna(ive a))roa,h (o (ra,? ,ir,ui( desi+n uses a ,he,?-in/,he,?-ou(P $o+i, Si%)$ s(a(edB (his ,ir,ui( is &ased on (he )rin,i)$e (ha( on,e a (rain is de(e,(ed or ,he,?ed inP (o a &$o,?B i( is assu%ed (o &e (here un(i$ i( is ,he,?ed ou(P & &ein+ de(e,(ed in an ad>a,en( &$o,? The )resen,e o. a (rain %a &e de(e,(ed on$ in(er%i((en($ a( (he (i%e 'hen i( en(ers a ne' &$o,? A@$e ,oun(ers are ins(a$$ed a( ea,h ed+e o. (he se,(ion o. (ra,? Fi+ure 3G6 'hen (he nu%&er o. a@$es ,oun(ed a( (he en(ran,e (o (he se,(ion is (he sa%e as (he nu%&er o. a@$es ,oun(ed a( i(s e@i(B (ha( %eans (he (rain has )assed (hrou+h (he se,(ion


1$o,? $en+(h

De(e,(ors

8

8

8

8

T

T

T

T

=un,(ion 1o@

=un,(ion 1o@

Eva$ua(or T; Trans%i((er 8; 8e,eiver

(o Con(ro$ 8oo%

)igure *; S5hemati5 o8 A:le Counter system

 !ete"tin pint "mprises tw in!epen!ent "uple $ !ete"trs# there$re the !e*i"e "an !ete"t the !ire"tin $ a train &y the r!er in whi"h the !ete"trs are passe!. s the train passes a similar "unting hea! at the en! $ the se"tin# the "unter !e"rements. 8$ the net "unt is e*aluate! as (er# the se"tin is presume! t &e "lear $r a se"n! train. The !ete"tr senses the wheels &y e*aluating the "hanges in the magneti" "upling &etween the "ils pla"e! at ea"h rail si!e. The system "nsists $ • • •

 sensr "ils $r train wheels !ete"tin n ele"trni" unit Fele"trni" Gun"tin &%H $r signal "n!itining an! "unting $ the wheels n e*aluatr unit whi"h "mpares the num&er $ the wheels entering the rail se"tin an! the wheels e%iting the se"tin.

The "mparisn result states the ""upatin status Fse"tin "lear r ""upie!H.

&.& AT# S+STEMS A( (he &e+innin+ o. 0s rai$ si+na$$in+ ss(e%s (o in,rease (he rai$'a sa.e( 'ere in(rodu,ed in Euro)eB a&$e (o ,ons(an($ %oni(or (he s)eed o. (he (rain The are ,a$$ed !T" FAu(o%a(i, Train #ro(e,(ionG irs( AT# ss(e%s used a (ar+e( s)eed indi,a(ion and audi&$e 'arnin+s (o advise (he driver i. (he (rain )assed a red Fdan+erG si+na$ or e@,eed a s)eed res(ri,(ion *n (hese ,asesB (he ss(e% a))$ied an au(o%a(i, &ra?e i. (he driver .ai$s (o res)ond (o (he 'arnin+s or de(ai$ed in.or%a(ionB re.er (o 8!

)igure ; History o8 signalling systems

&.' SA)E -RA1!"0 CURE
Tar+e( dis(an,e Fa )o(en(ia$ o&s(a,$e durin+ (he rou(eG

-

Curren( s)eed #hsi,a$ ,hara,(eris(i,s o. (he vehi,$e

ro% (hese da(aB i(s )ossi&$e (o ,a$,u$a(e a ,urve su,h as (ha( sho'n in i+ure 7

)igure <; Sa8e -ra9ing Model

&.( )ROM "AT!O"AL AT# TO ERTMS/ETCS Ho'adasB a$$ (he au(o%a(ed ss(e%s (ha( )ro(e,( (he driver and (hen (he (rain .ro% )ossi&$e overs)eed or e@,eed o. s(o) si+na$sB are ,a$$ed AT#
)igure =; the di6ersity o8 Euro7ean AT# systems i(h (he adven( o. Euro)ean in(e+ra(ion (here 'as a need (o es(a&$ish ,o%%on ru$es .or (he .ree %ove%en( o. rai$ ne('or?s in a$$ ,oun(ries www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e ! o. 0

o$$o'in+ (he de,ision (a?en & (he Euro)ean Trans)or( %inis(er in De,e%&er !99B (he EU e%&ar?ed u)on a )ro>e,( (o ana$"e (he )ro&$e%s re$a(in+ (o si+na$$in+ and (rain ,on(ro$ A( (he end o. !990B (he ERR$ FEuro)ean *ns(i(u(e o. 8ai$'a 8esear,hG &e+an (o (hin? (o deve$o) a ,o%%on in(ero)era&$e AT#/ATC ss(e%B 'hi,h ,ou$d &e ado)(ed in a$$ Euro)ean ,oun(ries As des,ri&ed in de(ai$s in 4!B ERTMS/ETCS For si%)$ ETCSG has &een ,hosen as (he in(erna(iona$ ,o%%and-,on(ro$ and si+na$$in+ ss(e% Than?s (o (hese s(andardi"a(ionsB .ro% (he &e+innin+ o. (he 2!s ,en(ur in(ero)era&i$i( o. (he Euro)ean rai$ ne('or?s +uaran(eed

www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 www.railwaysignalling.eu© The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e !7 o. 0

' HS/HC RA!LA+ L!"ES Sin,e (he EU de,isionB in !99B (ha( E8TMS 'ou$d &e,o%e (he on$ s(andard .or a$$ S/C $inesB in a hu+e nu%&er o. Euro)ean s(a(es (he in(rodu,(ion o. (he E8TMS/ETCS has &een runnin+ )ara$$e$ (o and in(e+ra(es 'i(h (he S/C )ro>e,( or (his reasonB (his ,ha)(er des,ri&es i(s %ain .ea(uresB &e.ore (a$?in+ a&ou( s(andard si+na$$in+ de(ai$ed ,on,e)(s

'.$ DE)!"!T!O"S HS Fi+h S)eedG/ HC Fi+h Ca)a,i(G rai$'a is a ()e o. rai$ (rans)or( 'hi,h o)era(es si+ni.i,an($ .as(er (han (radi(iona$ rai$ (ra..i, *(s i%)or(an( (o ,$ear (he di..eren,e a&ou( S and C ,on,e)(;

- A hi+h s)eed rai$s a %odern $ineB 'i(h heav ar%a%en(B 'i(h )a(hs 'here )ossi&$e and &asi,a$$ s(rai+h( .$a(B on 'hi,h (rains run s)e,ia$$B desi+ned (o a,hieve hi+h (o) s)eeds

- The (er%s i+h Ca)a,i(P %eans a rai$ ss(e% (o (rans)or( &o(h +oods (rain and )assen+ers on S $inesB &u( so%e(i%es i( ,an re.ers (o advan,ed ss(e%s .or (he rai$'a (ra..i, ,on(ro$B (ha( a$$o' (he )assa+e o. a +rea(er nu%&er o. (rains &e,ause %ore ,on(ro$$ed and re+u$ar

'.& TAR0ETS The %ain ai%s o. (he S/C )ro>e,(s are (o (rans.or% (he Euro)ean rai$'a ne('or? in(o a i+h S)eed/i+h Ca)a,i( ss(e%;

- 'i(h an overa$$ ,a)a,i( o. %ore (han ('i,e ,onven(iona$ ,a)a,i(6 - (o u)+rade and s)e,ia$ise e@is(in+ $ines .or $o,a$B re+iona$ and +oods . rei+h( (rans)or(6 -

(o enhan,e enhan,e (he e..e,(iveness o. e@is(in+ $inesB $inesB ,rea(in+ ,onne,(ions .or )or( or air)or(s6 air)or(s6

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(o rea$i"e (he ,on,e)( o. in(ero)era&i$i( Fin(e+ra(ion 'i(h 'i(h (he rai$ in(erna(iona$ (ra..i, .$o'sG .$o'sG

)igure >; ?ourney time im7ro6ements on the HS/HC !talian line Milan-%aples

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'.' !M#LEME"TAT!O" !M#LEME"TAT!O" !" EURO#E The S/C )ro>e,( &e+an in !99! as a Turnkey pro&ect B ie; a +enera$ Con(ra,(or is res)onsi&$e .or &ui$din+ (he in.ras(ru,(ure and ins(a$$in+ (he (e,hno$o+i,a$ ss(e% on ea,h s)e,i.i, se,(ion To %ain(ain (he (e,hno$o+i,a$ uni.or%i( on (he 'or? )er.or%ed & ea,h :enera$ Con(ra,(or on ea,h S/C se,(ionB (he (e,hno$o+i,a$ ss(e% 'ere &ui$( & a (e,hno$o+i,a$ ,onsor(iu%B res)onsi&$e .or su))$in+ (he (e,hno$o+i,a$ and si+na$$in+ ss(e% .or a$$ (he S se,(ions A rai$'a $ine %a &e ,onsidered hi+h-s)eedP i. (rains (ha( (rave$B a( $eas( rea,h a (o) s)eed o. 200?% As o. 20!2 (he %a@i%u% ,o%%er,ia$ s)eed is a&ou( 500 ?%/h .or (he %a>ori( o. ins(a$$ed ss(e%sB &u( in so%e )ar(s o. Euro)e Fi+ure !0G a (rain runnin+ on a S/C $ine ,an rea,h (he %a@i%u% s)eed o. 530 ?%/h S)ain F500?%GB ran,e F2000?%GB :er%an F!00?%G and *(a$ F!000?%G are ,urren($ (he %os( S/C equi))ed s(a(es in Euro)e

)igure $3; HS/HC railway Euro7ean networ9

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'.( !M#LEME"TAT!O" !" !TAL+ Te5hni5al )eatures T)e o. (ra..i, F )assen+ers or .rei+h(G Ma@ S)eed Mini%u% radius o. ,urva(ure Ma@i%u% +radien( Mini%u% radius o. a$(i(ude .i((in+s Ma@i%u% a@$e $oad Sea( 'id(h hee$ (ra,?s 8ai$ dis(an,e #o'er o. ne' $ines #o'er o. ur&an )ene(ra(ion 'he(her Avera+e dis(an,e a%on+ e$e,(ri,a$ su&s(a(ions Se,(ion o. na(ura$ +a$$eries

Mi@ed 500 ?%/h 3430 % ! !0B3 ,% 20 ?% 23 ( !5B % 4B3-3 % 23 ? 5 ? 30 ?% 2 %q

Ta4le '; Te5hni5al 8eatures o8 the HS/HC rail lines The Ta&$e 5 >us( sho'nB )resen(s is a &rie. des,ri)(ion o. (he (e,hno$o+i,a$ innova(ions (ha( ,hara,(eri"e (he )er.or%an,e o. (he *(a$ian S/C $ines in (er%s o. (ra..i, sa.e(B s)eed and in(ero)era&i$i( or de(ai$ed in.or%a(ionB re.er (o 84

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'.(.& 0SM2R *(s (he %o&i$e ,o%%uni,a(ions ss(e% used e@,$usive$ in (he rai$'a se,(or i(h (he 'SM-R (he rai$'a in.ras(ru,(ure and i(s s(a.. is equi))ed o. a %o&i$e radio ss(e% 'hi,h ,an %ee( in an e..i,ien( and in(e+ra(edB on a na(iona$ s,a$eB a$$ (he ,o%%uni,a(ion needs and da(a ,o%%uni,a(ions re$a(ed 'i(h rai$ o)era(ionsB in,$udin+ (he ,on(ro$B sa.e(B and >ourne o. (rains The :SM-8 (rans%i(s on a .requen, &and in (he ran+e 900 M" reserved .or rai$'a o)era(ions in Euro)e and )rovides ,o%%uni,a(ion servi,es +round (o (rainB &o(h durin+ nor%a$ ,ir,u$a(ion in ,ases o. e%er+en, The :SM-8 a$$o's a &e((er and ,ons(an( ,on(a,( &e('een (he ,re' and (he +round Fservi,e ,o%%uni,a(ions and e%er+en, %ana+e%en(G and a$$o's (he e@,han+e o. da(a &e('een ss(e%s and in.or%a(ion (e,hno$o+ and (he various Euro)ean rai$s si+na$in+ (hrou+h a sin+$e s(andard


in(ero)era&$e ,o%%uni,a(ions *n (his 'aB (he )ers)e,(ive o. Euro)ean in(e+ra(ion in rai$ (ra..i, o)era(ions a( (he &order .or (rains )assin+ in (he various Euro)ean rai$'a ne('or?s is .a,i$i(a(ed

)igure $$; )re@uen5y allo5ation in >33 MH2-and The (rans)or( ,o%)anies have a,,ess (o %o&i$e (e$e,o%%uni,a(ions so$u(ions and servi,es ,on.or% (o Euro)ean s)e,i.i,a(ionsB 'hi,h %ean ensurin+ in(ero)era&i$i( 'i(h %o&i$e (e$e,o%%uni,a(ion ss(e%s o. o(her Euro)ean rai$'as (ha( are &ui$din+ si%i$ar :SM-8 ss(e%s A si%)$i.ied :SM-8 in.ras(ru,(ure is )resen(ed in (he .o$$o'in+ i+ure 9 or de(ai$ed in.or%a(ionB re.er (o 8!0 and 8!!

)igure $&; 0SM2R Ar5hite5ture

'.(.' CSS 2 HS The CSS J S FCo%%and and Con(ro$ Ss(e% J i+h S)eedG is (he %os( advan,ed in(e+ra(ed %ana+e%en( ss(e% a( a dis(an,e o. %ove%en( used in (he rai$'a .ie$d Deve$o)ed (o i%)rove and ensure (he re+u$ari( o. (rains in (he )ro,ess o. u)+radin+ (he qua$i( o. servi,esB (o %ana+e in an in(e+ra(ed ,ir,u$a(ionB dia+nos(i,s and %ain(enan,eB )u&$i, in.or%a(ionB survei$$an,e and si%)$i. %ana+e%en( and o&(ainin+ (he (o) (i%e$iness and e..e,(iveness in so$vin+ )ro&$e%s o. %ove%en( even on hi+h (ra..i, $ines *(s a (e,hno$o+i,a$$ advan,ed ss(e% (ha(B & %eans o. a $o+i, ,o%)u(erB sends and re,eives ,o%%ands .ro% ,on(ro$s in se,uri( .ro% e$e,(ro%e,hani,a$ ins(ru%en(s Fe@,han+esB si+na$sG and a))ara(us F)eri)hera$ )os(sG

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( ERTMS #RO0RAMME (.$ SOME H!STOR+ A-OUT ERTMS E8TMS is an in(erna(iona$ s(andard )ro+ra%%e ,rea(ed (o deve$o) a ,o%%on in(ero)era&$e )$a(.or% .or rai$'asB au(hori( and si+na$$in+ ss(e%s Ho'adasB (he ado)(ion o. E8TMS is ne,essar on a$$ (he S/C rai$'a $inesB &u( i( ,an &e ins(a$$ed on a ,onven(iona$ $ine (oo The .unda%en(a$ o&>e,(ives o. in(ero)era&i$i( are &ased on (he need (o si%)$i.B i%)rove and deve$o) in(erna(iona$ rai$'a (rans)or( servi,esB ,on(ri&u(e (o'ards +radua$$ ,rea(in+ an o)en and ,o%)e(i(ive do%es(i, %ar?e( .or (he su))$ o. rai$'a ss(e%s and ,ons(ru,(ionB rene'a$B res(ru,(urin+ and o)era(ive servi,esB and es(a&$ish s(andardised Euro)ean )ro,edures .or assessin+ ,on.or%i( 'i(h in(ero)era&i$i( require%en(s or (his )ur)oseB (he essen(ia$ a,(ivi(ies .or a,hievin+ in(ero)era&i$i( 'ere (he de.ini(ion o. a se( o. su&-ss(e% and ,o%)onen(s o. (he )$a(.or%B s)e,i.in+ (heir essen(ia$ require%en(s and in(er.a,es & deve$o)in+ .un,(iona$ and (e,hni,a$ s)e,i.i,a(ions ThenB a( (he end o. !995B (he EU ,oun,i$ issued an *n(ero)era&i$i( Dire,(ive and a de,ision 'as %ade (o ,rea(e a +rou) o. rai$'a e@)er( ,a$$ed ERTMS GroupB ,onsis(ed ori+ina$$ o. DBB FS and SNF B &u( $a(er >oined & o(her rai$'a Euro)ean ,o%)anies The o&>e,(ive 'as (o rea$i"e a s(ru,(ure (o de.ine (he TS! FTe,hni,a$ S)e,i.i,a(ion .or *n(ero)era&i$i(G *n (he su%%er o. !99B (he "N!S!G unionB ,o%)risin+ (he Euro)ean Si+na$in+ ,o%)anies #lcatel B #lstomB #nsaldo Signal B Bombardier B !n$ens%s Rail and SiemensB 'as .or%ed (o .ina$i"e (he TS* o. (he E8TMS )ro>e,( This hierar,hi,a$ )ro,ess is 'e$$ sho'n in i+ure !5 &e$o'

)igure $'; Hierar5hi5 do5ument le6el


As sho'n in (he i+ure !0 a&oveB (he (hird $eve$B deve$o)ed & UH*S*: ,onsor(iu%B divided (he 'ho$e in(ero)era&$e rai$'a )$a(.or% in(o .our %ain su&ss(e%sB ea,h o. 'hi,h ,overs a di..eren( se( o. .un,(iona$ require%en(s The command and control su&ss(e% ,hosenB 'hi,h is a s(andardi"edB in(ero)era&$e AT#/ATC ss(e% 'as ,a$$ed ERTMS/ETCS For si%)$ ETCSG or ,$ari(B in (his )a)er 'e$$ use (he a,ron%s; - ERTMSB (o re.er (o (he 'ho$e s(andard )ro+ra%%e or rai$'a )$a(.or% - ETCSB (o re.er (o (he si+na$in+ ss(e%B ,o%)onen( o. E8TMS )ro+ra%%e To a$$o' (he ,o%%uni,a(ion &e('een (rainsB (ra,?side and rai$'a re+u$a(ion ,on(ro$ ,en(resB (he su&-ss(e% ,hosen is 'SM-RB (he in(erna(iona$ 'ire$ess ,o%%uni,a(ions s(andard .or rai$'a ,o%%uni,a(ion and a))$i,a(ions or (his reasonB E8TMS )ro+ra%%e ,an &e de.ined as (he ,o%&ina(ion o. ETCS and :SM-8 su&ss(e%s

(.& ADA"TA0ES O) ERMTS

)igure $(; #er8orman5e in5rease with ERTMS i+ure !4 sho's (he advan(a+es o. (he ado)(ion o. (he E8TMS ss(e% in Euro)eB in (er%s o. .ive %ain )ara%e(ers;

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no or redu,ed nu%&er o. )hsi,a$ si+na$s .e'er (ra,? %a+ne(s 'i(h ,a&$e ,onne,(ions euro)ean s(andard ,hea)er si+na$ ss(e%s

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)igure $*; ERA logo


*( a,(s as Ss(e% au(hori(B ,en(ra$isin+ and assurin+ ,o%)$e(e ,onsis(en, o. (he )ro,ess The rai$'a s(a?eho$ders %us( &e %e%&ers o. (he CC) &hange ontrol Board'( (o es(a&$ish (he %ana+e%en( o. (he %odi.i,a(ions reques(B a$so ,a$$ed CR &hange Re)uest' The CC1 %us( have a ss(e% ou($oo? as re+ards %odi.i,a(ions and a +$o&a$ assess%en( %us( &e +enera(ed i+ure ! des,ri&es (he )ro,ess o. %ana+in+ %odi.i,a(ions (o (he s)e,i.i,a(ions and (he deve$o)%en( o. (he various versions o. (he s)e,i.i,a(ions #lstom Transport S*# uses (his .or%a$ )ro,ess .or (he rea$i"a(ion o. (he Euro)ean S/C )ro>e,(s (oo
- *efect i. (heres an error (o ,orre,( in (he deve$o)%en( o. (he si+na$$in+ ss(e% - Enhancement i. no error is .oundB &u( i(s )ossi&$e an i%)rove%en( (o (he ss(e% The ,han+e reques( is ana$"ed andB i. ,onsidered as va$idB i( is assi+ned (o an i%)$e%en(erB 'ho has (o rea$i"e (he %odi.i,a(ionB 'hi,h is a))$ied on (he ne@( 1L o. (he si+na$$in+ ss(e% (o &e deve$o)ed =us( &e.ore (he re$ease o. (he 1LB (he CC1 is %e( (o revie' (he s(a(us o. (he o)ened C8 .or de.e,(s or enhan,e%en(B de,idin+ (o a))rove or re>e,( ea,h one o. (he% A.(er (he ,han+es ,on.ir%a(ion and (he re$a(ive s(ora+e .or %e%orB a ne' version For &ase$ineG o. (he si+na$$in+ ss(e% is re$eased

)igure $; Change Re@uest 7ro5ess 8or ERTMS/ETCS s7e5i8i5ations


* ETCS COMMA"D2CO"TROL A"D S!0"ALL!"0 S+STEM As ,o%)onen( For su&ss(e%G o. E8TMS )ro+ra%%eB ETCS is (he s(andardi"edB in(ero)era&$e

!T"/!TC system used in Euro)e *( is use.u$ (o s)e,i. (ha( (he ,$assi.i,a(ion o. (he ETCS ss(e% is no( ,o%)$e(e$ uni.or% So%e (e,hni,a$ (e@(s de.ine i( as an evo$ved AT# ss(e% and o(hers ,onsider i( an ATC ss(e% &e,auseB 'hi$e no( in,$udin+ an AT< )ar(; ! The au(o%a(i, &ra?e is an o)era(ion does no( require hu%an in(erven(ionB (husB asso,ia(ed 'i(h an AT< ss(e%6 2 The (rain s)eed is hi+h$ su)ervised & (he ss(e% and (he driver on$ has (o .o$$o' ins(ru,(ions (ha( a))ear on (he (rain ,o,?)i( Fi+ure 29G *n (his )a)er 'e )re.er re.errin+ (o ETCS as an AT#/ATC ss(e%

*.$ ETCS LEELS ETCS is divided in(o di..eren( .un,(iona$ $eve$s The de.ini(ion o. (he $eve$s de)ends on ho' (he rai$road is equi))ed and (he 'a (hrou+h in.or%a(ion is (rans%i((ed (o (he (rain A (rain .i((ed 'i(h ,o%)$e(e E8TMS/ETCS equi)%en( and .un,(iona$i( ,an o)era(e on an ETCS rou(e 'i(hou( an (e,hni,a$ res(ri,(ions or de(ai$ed in.or%a(ionB re.er (o 8!5

*.$.$ ETCS 2 LEEL 3
*.$.& ETCS 2 LEEL $ ETCS Leve$ ! is a ,a& si+na$$in+ ss(e% (ha( ,an &e su)eri%)osed on (he e@is(in+ si+na$$in+ ss(e%B ie $eavin+ (he .i@ed si+na$ $a(era$ ss(e% Fna(iona$ si+na$$in+ and (ra,?-re$ease ss(e%G in )$a,e

Euroalise radio &ea,ons )i,? u) si+na$ as)e,(s .ro% (he (ra,?side si+na$s via si+na$ ada)(ers and (e$e+ra% +E, Encoders and (rans%i( (he% (o (he vehi,$e as a Moement !uthority F)er%ission (o ,ross one or %ore &$o,? se,(ionsG (o+e(her 'i(h rou(e da(a a( .i@ed )oin(s

www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e 2 o. 0

)igure $<; ETCS B Le6el $ o7eration diagram The on-&oard ,o%)u(er ,on(inuous$ %oni(ors and ,a$,u$a(es (he %a@i%u% s)eed and (he &ra?in+ ,urve .ro% (his da(a 1e,ause o. (he s)o( (rans%ission o. da(aB (he (rain %us( (rave$ over (he Euro&a$ise &ea,on (o o&(ain (he ne@( %ove%en( au(hori( The ETCS Leve$ ! ,ons(i(u(es a spot or semi-spot !T"/!TC 'i(h in(ero)era&$e Ca& Si+na$$in+ and .i@ed &$o,? This ss(e% is ins(a$$ed on S/C Aus(rian $ines and in so%e se,(ions o. (he 1ri(ish and S)anish $ines

*.$.' ETCS 2 LEEL & ETCS Leve$ 2 is a di+i(a$ radio-&ased si+na$ and (rain )ro(e,(ion ss(e% Mo$ement authorities are +iven (o (he driven in order (o a$$o' (he (rain (o %ove i(se$. on (he (ra,? and (he %os( o. (he si+na$s are dis)$aed in (he (rain&orne ,a&B su&s(i(u(in+ (he $a(era$ (radi(iona$ si+na$s ThusB a)ar( .ro% a .e'

indicator panels $i?e overridin+ and &order si+na$s F(hese )ane$s %ar? (he e@(re%e )oin(s o. a &$o,? se,(ions or o. (he ETCS L2 areaB i+ure !G i( is (here.ore )ossi&$e (o 'or? 'i(hou( a $a(era$ (ra,?side si+na$$in+ The (rain se)ara(ion ss(e%s use (he (er% irtual signals &e,ause (he ,on,e)( o. a (radi(iona$ rai$'a si+na$B $i?e .i@ed $i+h( $a%)sB is )hsi,a$$ %oved (o (he (rain DM* FDriver Ma,hine *n(er.a,eB 3222G o'everB 'i(h (ra,?-re$ease si+na$$in+ devises $i?e track circuitsB (he (rain in(e+ri( su)ervision s(i$$ re%ains in )$a,e a( (he (ra,?side A$$ (rains au(o%a(i,a$$ re)or( (heir e@a,( )osi(ion and dire,(ion o. (rave$ (o (he R)C F8adio 1$o,? Cen(reG a( re+u$ar in(erva$sB (rhou+h (he :SM-8 radio ne('or?

)igure $=; indi5ator 7anels


Train %ove%en(s are %oni(ored ,on(inua$$ & (he 81C An %ove%en( au(hori( is (rans%i((ed (o (he (rain ,on(inuous$ via :SM-8 (o+e(her 'i(h s)eed in.or%a(ion and rou(e da(aB as sho'n in (he i+ure !9 &e$o'

)igure $>; E:5hange o8 in8ormation 4etween R-C and train4orne The Euro&a$ises are used a( (his $eve$ as passie positioning eacons or electronic milestones 1e('een ('o )osi(ionin+ &ea,ons (he (rain de(er%ines i(s )osi(ion via sensors The )osi(ionin+ &ea,ons are used in (his ,ase as re.eren,e )oin(s .or ,orre,(in+ dis(an,e %easure%en( errors The on-&oard ,o%)u(er ,on(inuous$ %oni(ors (he (rans.erred da(a and (he %a@i%u% )er%issi&$e s)eed The ETCS Leve$ 2 ,ons(i(u(es a continue !T"/!TC 'i(h in(ero)era&$e Ca& Si+na$$in+ and .i@ed &$o,? 'i(h &$o,? se,(ions This ss(e% is ins(a$$ed on (he *(a$ian S/C $ines Turin-HovaraB 1o$o+na-$oren,e and 8o%e-Ha)$es

)igure &3; ETCS B Le6el & o7eration diagram

*.$.( ETCS 2 LEEL ' ETCS Leve$ 5 )rovides an i%)$e%en(a(ion o. .u$$ radio-&ased (rain s)a,in+ i@ed (ra,?-re$ease si+na$$in+ devi,es are no $on+er required As 'i(h ETCS Leve$ 2B (rains .ind (heir )osi(ion (he%se$ves & %eans o. )osi(ionin+ &ea,ons and via sensors and %us( a$so &e ,a)a&$e o. de(er%inin+ (rain in(e+ri( on-&oard (o (he ver hi+hes( de+ree o. re$ia&i$i(

The rou(e is (hus no $on+er ,$eared in

.i@ed (ra,? se,(ions *n (his res)e,( ETCS Leve$ 5 de)ar(s .ro% ,$assi, o)era(ion 'i(h .i@ed in(erva$sB &e,ause i( ,a$,u$a(es sa.e dis(an,e &e('een ('o (rains

www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The ERTMS/ETCS signalling system Ripr!u"tin# use r !is"lsure $ thir! parts withut re$eren"e r e%press autrithy is $r&i!!en. E'uelly# i$ yu re"gni(e "ntents "ite! withut e%pli"it re$eren"e# please reprt t the sta$$ an! we)ll pr*i!e an up!ate. #a+e 2 o. 0

A %ove%en( au(hori( is +iven on (he in.or%a(ion re$a(in+ (o (he )osi(ion o. (he (rainB &ased on (he a,(ua$ dis(an,e o. a (rain .ro% (he ne@( This so$u(ion ,a$$ed asolute raking distance spacing or

moing lock ensures a +rea(er e@)$oi(a(ion o. (he ,a)a,i( o. (he $ine as i( redu,es (he +ranu$ari( o. (he s)a,in+ Leve$ 5 is ,urren($ under deve$o)%en(

)igure &$; ETCS B Le6el ' o7erational diagrams As sho'n in (he )revious .i+uresB .or ea,h ETCS $eve$B (he (rain&orne su&ss(e% %us( a$so i%)$e%en( (he )revious $eve$ E8TMS Leve$ 2 is ,urren($ (he %os( 'ide$ used version and 'e re.er (o i( in (he .o$$o'in+ se,(ions o. (his )a)er


*.& ARCH!TECTURAL DESCR!#T!O" A S/C rai$ $ine ,an &e equi))ed o. a ,o%)$e@ (rans)or( ss(e% equi))ed 'i(h an ETCS L2 si+na$$in+ ss(e% so$u(ionB a&$e (o ,on(ro$ (rains %ove%en(sB in order (o +uaran(ee (he sa.e and re+u$ar (ra..i, o)era(ions The ne@( i+ure !9 sho's (he si%)$i.ied s(ru,(ure o. (he :round and Train&orne ss(e%sB 'hi,h (o+e(her .or% (he S/C Trans)or( Ss(e% The 'ho$e :round Ss(e%B su))$ied .or (he S $ine & a rai$'a ,o%)an These ss(e%s ,o%)rise (he )o'er and (e$e,o%%uni,a(ion HSSS Fi+h S)eed Si+na$$in+ Ss(e%G and a +round (ra,?side su&ss(e% 'i(h; - Train ,on(ro$ and dis(an,e se)ara(ion su&ss(e% F ETCSG - Line %ana+e%en( su&ss(e%B ,a$$ed $+ F*n(er$o,?in+G - Train ,o%%and and su)ervision su&ss(e% F !TS or TMSG *( is des,ri&ed in de(ai$s in 32! The (rain&orne Ss(e% ,o%)rises %ain$; -
)igure &&; HS/HC railway trans7ort system


*.&.$ TRAC1S!DE SU-S+STEM The (ra,?side su&ss(e%B ,o%%uni,a(e 'i(h (he o(her e@(erna$ e$e%en(s as sho'n in i+ure 25 *n (he i+ure !9 u)onB i(s )ossi&$e (o re,o+ni"e (he ('o di..eren( .o$$o'in+ su&-ss(e%s;

$. ETCS &. !%L '. ATS or TMS Ea,h o. (he% is &rie.$ des,ri&ed in (his se,(ion o. (he )a)erB .ro% a .un,(iona$ and ar,hi(e,(ura$ )oin( o. vie' As an a))$i,a(ion e@a%)$eB 'e re)or( in (his se,(ion (he ar,hi(e,(ure .or (he A$s(o% (ra,?side si+na$$in+ su&ss(e% ins(a$$ed on (he +S, Bologna-FlorenceB e@(ended (o (he +S b%passB 'hi,h ,onne,(s (he Mi$an-1o$o+na and 1o$o+na-$oren,e SL 'i(hou( )assin+ (hrou+h (he 1o$o+na Cen(ra$e s(a(ionB ensurin+ .as(er >ourne (i%e

)igure &'; Communi5ation o8 the tra59side su4system with other ERTMS L& elements

*.&.$.$ ETCS The ETCS L2 ss(e% rea$i"es (he ('o .o$$o'in+ %ain .un,(ion; !

Ensure the safe space separation among the trains 'or?in+ on (he S/C $ine

2

Monitor the trael of the trainB advisin+ (he driver i. he )ass a red Fdan+erG si+na$ or e@,eed a s)eed res(ri,(ion *n (hese ,asesB (he ss(e% a))$ied an au(o%a(i, &ra?e i. (he driver .ai$s res)ondin+ (o (he 'arnin+s


*.&.$.$.$ R-Cs R)C F8adio 1$o,? Cen(erG is (he hear( o. (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 (ra,?side ss(e% *( is (he sa.e ,en(ra$ (ra,?side equi)%en( o. (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 and is res)onsi&$e .or (he se,uri( o. a$$ (rains runnin+ in (he $eve$ 2 area 'i(h 'hi,h a :SM-8 ,o%%uni,a(ion has &een es(a&$ished *n o(her 'ordsB 81C %ana+es (he e@,han+e o. da(a required .or sa.e (rain (rave$ and se)ara(ionB &u( on$ in i(s area o. +overnan,e res)onsi&i$i( F70 ?%B i+ure 24G

)igure &(; R-Cs area go6ernan5e res7onsi4ility Ea,h 81C; - Sends %ove%en( au(hori(ies (o (rains a,,ordin+ (o (he in.or%a(ion re,eived .ro% (he *n(er$o,?in+B su,h as rou(e o,,u)an,B rou(e s(a(eB e(, - 8e,eives in.or%a(ion .ro% (rains (hrou+h )osi(ion re)or(s The e@,han+e o. da(a &e('een (he 81C and (rains is done (hrou+h (he :SM-8 ,o%%uni,a(ion ne('or? Ea,h 81C ,a$,u$a(es ea,h (rain )osi(ion and re,ords i( in i(s o'n da(a &ase F(his da(a &ase in,$udes a$so (he (ra,? $aou(G This 'aB ever (rain in ,o%%uni,a(ion 'i(h (he 81C sha$$ &e su)ervised a( an %o%en( hen a (rain runnin+ on an ETCS L2 .i((ed $ine is +oin+ (o over)ass a s)e,i.i, 81C AreaB (his %eans in a .e' ?% i( 'i$$ a))roa,h (he ne@( 81C AreaB so (he ('o ad>a,en( 81Cs have (o e@,han+e (he (rain in.or%a(ion in order (o )er%i( (he (rain runnin+ 'i(hou( $ess o . )er.or%an,e This e@,han+in+ )ro,ess is ,a$$ed Hand#er  The 81C 'hose area is $e.( & (he (rain durin+ (he handover )ro,ess is ,a$$ed +anding 0$er RB F81C

*.&.$.$.& "T0 The %T' FHe('or? Trans%ission :a(e'aG is an in(er.a,e +a(e'a &e('een si+na$$in+ equi)%en( ne('or? and :SM-8 su&ss(e% ne('or? The HT: ,onver(s (he in.or%a(ion ,o%in+ .ro% (he 81C in(o :SM-8 )ro(o,o$ and vi,e versaB a$$o'in+ (he ,o%%uni,a(ion &e('een (he 81C and 'i(h E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 equi))ed (rains The HT: is (he equi)%en( (ha( in(er.a,es &e('een (he 81C and (he :SM-8 ne('or? and ,onver(s (he in.or%a(ion ,o%in+ .ro% (he 81C in(o :SM-8 )ro(o,o$ and vi,e versa a$$o'in+ (he ,o%%uni,a(ion &e('een (he 81C and 'i(h E8TMS $eve$ 2 equi))ed (rains
*.&.$.$.' 1MS The 1MS FKe Mana+e%en( Ss(e%G is (he (ra,?side ,o%)onen( in ,har+e o. (he %ana+e%en( o. ,r)(o+ra)hi, ?es on (he rai$'aB (o .a,i$i(a(e se,ure E8TMS da(a radio ,o%%uni,a(ion E8TMS e@,han+es in.or%a(ion &e('een (ra,?side equi)%en( and (rains and vi,e versa in (he .or% o. da(a %essa+es hen radio is used .or (hese da(a %essa+es a se,ure ,onne,(ion is required and ,orres)ondin+ ?es %us( &e avai$a&$e on ei(her side o. (he ,onne,(ion KMS ,o%)onen( i. &asi,a$$ ,o%)osed o. ('o di..eren( equi)%en(sB 'hi,h )er.or%s di..eren( (as?s;

1MC FKe Mana+e%en( Cen(reG and #1! F#u&$i, Ke *n.ras(ru,(ureG Ke Mana+e%en( Cen(re FKMCG is )ar( o. (he KMS6 i( is in ,har+e o. +enera(in+B u)da(in+ and dis)a(,hin+ (he au(hen(i,a(ion ?es in(o (he E8TMS (ra,?side and (rain&orne equi)%en( and (o e@,han+e ?es 'i(h .orei+n KMCs Fsa%e equi)%en(s &e$on+in+ (o an ad>a,en( $ineG #u&$i, Ke *n.ras(ru,(ure F#K*G is used .or (he %ana+e%en( o. as%%e(ri, ?e %a(eria$ The ?e %a(eria$ is usua$$ %ana+ed (hrou+h S%ar( Cards or si%i$ar hard'are or %ore de(ai$s a&ou( (he se,uri( issues in(o (he E8TMS ar,hi(e,(ureB re.er (o 3554

*.&.$.$.( EURO-AL!SES The Euro&a$isesB ,a$$ed track magnets in i+ure 25B is (he equi)%en( ins(a$$ed on (he (ra,? (ha( sends ETCS %essa+es (o (rains *n ETCS $eve$ 2B i( is %ain$ used .or (rain $o,a(ion %ana+e%en( The Euro&a$ises is ,onsidered (o &e fi2ed i. i( a$'as (rans%i(s (he sa%e %essa+e s(ored in i(s in(erna$ %e%or *(s %ain$ used (o )rovide (rains 'i(h (he needed in.or%a(ion .or (he re$o,a(ion on &oard .un,(ion and (o in.or% (he 81C a( (he s(a(ion .a,i$i( a&ou( (rain )osi(ions via )osi(ion re)or(s *n (he o))osi(e ,ase Fvaria&$e %essa+esGB 'e ,an (a$? a&ou( o. switchale Euroalises


)igure &*; Euro4alises on a railway tra59

*.&.$.$.* LEU The LEU FLineside En,oder Uni(G is (he sa.e equi)%en( (ha( in(er.a,es &e('een (he !nterlocking and o(her e@(erna$ ss(e%B and (he s'i(,ha&$e Euro&a$ises ins(a$$ed on (he (ra,? This equi)%en( is a&$e (o in(er.a,e 'i(h severa$ s'i(,ha&$e Euro&a$ises a( (he sa%e (i%e *( sends (he sui(a&$e )rede.ined E8TMS/ETCS %essa+esB a,,ordin+ (o (he in.or%a(ion re,eived .ro% (he *n(er$o,?in+ or e@(erna$ ss(e%

*.&.$.$. MAR1ER -OARDS The ETCS %ar?er &oard are ins(a$$ed a$on+ (he (ra,? a( ea,h end o. &$o,? se,(ion The are used (o indi,a(e (o (he (rain driver (he e@a,( $o,a(ion 'here he needs (o s(o) (he (rain in (he ,ase o. end o. %ove%en( au(hori( An ETCS %ar?er &oard is a ,o$oured and re.$e,(in+ )ane$ in order (o &e visi&$e .ro% a .ar dis(an,e

)igure &; ERTMS/ETCS Mar9er 4oards


*.&.$.& !%L *. (he (rain had (o .o$$o' on$ a sin+$e (ra,? &e('een an ori+in and a des(ina(ionB an AT#/ATC ss(e% $i?e (he one >us( )resen(ed 'ou$d &e rou+h$ adequa(e *ndeedB ho%e and des(ina(ion o. a ro$$in+ s(o,? is ()i,a$$ a s(a(ion and (here is %ore (han a )a(h F#ath $B #ath &G (o +o .ro% an ini(ia$ )oin( AB (o a .ina$ )oin( 1 Fi+ure 2 7G A s(a(ion ,onsis(s o. a nu%&er o. )ara$$e$ rai$s +rea(er (han ('o and (heir s'i(,hesB 'hi,h +ive (he )ossi&i$i( (o rou(e (rains on di..eren( (ra,?s The )a(h o. a (rain $eavin+ a s(a(ion .ro% (he &e+innin+ is ,a$$ed route/

)igure &<; Two 7ossi4le routes 8rom A to The ,on(ro$ ss(e% (ha( dea$s (he $ine %ana+e%en( andB (husB (he routing of trainsB is ,a$$ed

interlocking Se((in+ a rou(e %eans $o,?in+ a severa$ nu%&er o. &$o,? se,(ionsB 'hi,h (o+e(her .or% a )a(h .or a (rain Un(i$ (he rou(e is a,(ive and i(s (ra,? ,ir,ui( o,,u)iedB (rains ,anno( o&(ain an )ar( o. (he rou(eB 'hi,h is ,onsidered as a %u(ua$$ e@,$usive shared resour,e

*.&.$.' ATS The ATS FAu(o%a(i, Train Servi,eG or TMS FTra..i, Mana+e%en( Ss(e%G su&ss(e% is devo(ed (o su)ervise (he rai$'a (ra..i, ,ir,u$a(ion and (o )er.or% (he dia+nos(i,s o. (he equi)%en( o. (he ss(e%B *n(er$o,?in+/81C equi)%en( in,$uded *( su))or(s (he ,o%)$e(e Tra..i, Mana+e%en( $i.e ,,$eB 'i(h .un,(ions (o )$anB re+u$a(e and o)(i%i"e (he (rain (ra..i, ,ir,u$a(ionB (o %ana+e (he in.ras(ru,(ure s(a(eB (o %oni(or and (o )er.or% dia+nos(i, o. a$$ invo$ved equi)%en( A$$ (hose .un,(ions share a sin+$e in(e+ra(ed u%an Ma,hine *n(er.a,e .or dis)$ain+ rea$-(i%e s(a(us o. (he rai$'a $ineB %ana+ed & a hu%an su)ervision

)igure &=; HS/HC -ologna TCC i+ure 2 sho's (he A$s(o% TCC FTra..i, Con(ro$ Cen(erGB )ar( o. (he ATS su&ss(e% and $o,a(ed in 1o$o+naB 'here a +rou) o. %enB ,a$$ed train dispatchers ( dai$ ,o%%and and ,on(ro$ (he s(a(us o. (he 1o$o+na-$oren,e S/C $ine


*.&.& TRA!"-OR"E SU-S+STEM The (ra,?side ETCS su&ss(e%B ,a$$ed on *(a$ian S/C $ines SS) &Sottosistema di Bordo'( ,o%%uni,a(es 'i(h (he (rain&orne su&ss(e% in order (o a$$o' (he ro$$in+ s(o,?s sa.e %ove%en(

*.&.&.$ EC E1C FEuro)ean i(a$ Co%)u(erG is (he on-&oard ,o%)u(erB 'hi,h sa.e$ )ro,esses (he (rain&orne .un,(ions on (he &asis o. (he; ! in.or%a(ion re,eived .ro% (he 'aside equi)%en( 2 da(a in(rodu,ed & (he driver 5 da(a ,o%in+ .ro% on-&oard sensors EC is )hsi,a$$ )$a,ed on &oard (hrou+h (he ra,? $i?e (he one >us( sho'nB rea$i"ed & A$s(o% .or (he *(a$ian SS1 The driver ,an in(er.a,e 'i(h EC (rou+h (he *M$ FDriver Ma,hine *n(er.a,eG

*.&.&.& DM! The DM* is (he %ain %eans o. in(era,(ion &e('een (he driver and (he ss(e% *( is used (o; ! dis)$a si+na$s and indi,a(ions via a %oni(or in ever driver ,a&6 2 a,quire en(ered da(a end ena&$e s)e,i.i, .un,(ions via a serie s o. ?es and &u((ons6 5 a,hieve (e,hni,a$ in(ero)era&i$i( on (he driver side

)igure &>; ERTMS/ETCS Co597it As sho'n in i+ure 50B (he dis)$as on (he DM* %oni(or are $o,a(ed in s)e,i.i, areas de)endin+ on (heir %eanin+ *n (he $o'er )ar( o. (he .i+ureB a )ar(i,u$ar .o,us is +iven (o (he speed control areaB 'hi,h dis)$as;

$ !nstantaneous s7eed *(s (he (rue (rain s)eed and i( is sho'n on (he %oni(or as a di+i(a$ (a,ho%e(er 'i(h a ,ir,u$ar s,a$e and ,en(ra$ indi,a(or *n i+ure 27 is sho'n a di+i(a$ (a,ho%e(erB 'i(h a s,a$e u) (o 400 ?%/hB indi,a(in+ an ins(an(aneous s)eed o. !04 ?%/h


& arning inter6ention time *(s a ver(i,a$ se+%en(B 'i(h a de,reasin+ $en+(h *(s (he re%ainin+ in(erven(ion (i%e .or (he ,a& driver

' Ma:imum s7eed 7ermitted *( is indi,a(ed & (he u))er $i%i( o. (he (a,ho%e(er

( Target s7eed Tar+e( s)eed is indi,a(ed & (he )oin( o. (he ar, 'here ,han+e (he ,o$our *(s (he s)eed 'i(,h (he (rain has (o rea,h >us( &e.ore (he (ar+e(Rdan+er )oin( *(s sho'n & a ,ir,u$ar ar, and indi,a(ed & (he u))er $i%i( o. (he (a,ho%e(er

* Target distan5e *(s (he re%ainin+ dis(an,e &e('een (he (rain and (ar+e(Rdan+er )oin(

 Release s7eed A re$ease s)eed is a s)eed $i%i( under 'hi,h (he (rain is a$$o'ed (o run in (he vi,ini( o. (he E
Urgen5y

Colour

Lo' #riori(

grey

Avera+e #riori(

yellow

i+h #riori(

orange

er i+h #riori(

red

Dri6er A5tion Ho i%%edia(e a,(ion is required An a))ro)ria(e a,(ion Fie; (rain &ra?in+G is required (o (he ,a& driver An i%%edia(e ,orre,(ive a,(ion Fie; in,reased &rea?in+G is required The required a,(ion has no( &een )er.or%ed

Ta4le (; Colour DM! 5riteria


)igure '3; ETCS DM! monitor

*.&.&.' Odometry su4system The 0dometr% is a (e,hnique .or es(i%a(in+ )osi(ion and s)eed o. a vehi,$e on 'hee$sB &ased on in.or%a(ion .ro% sensors .or (he %easure%en( o. (he ,overed dis(an,e An odo%e(er %easures (he ,overed dis(an,e o. a vehi,$e & sensin+ (he ro(a(ions o. i(s 'hee$sB .ea(urin+ .ro% a +iven si"eRradius  Sin,e i(s a))$i,a&$e (o a$$ vehi,$es 'i(h a ,ons(rained +uideB (he rai$'a ss(e%s ,o%%on$ use (his (e,hnique ThusB ,on,ernin+ (he on-&oard ss(e%B (he odo%e(r su&ss(e% is ,o%)osed o. (he equi)%en( des,ri&ed on (he ne@( )ara+ra)hsB 'hi,h )rovides (o (he EC (he needed in.or%a(ion (o ,a$,u$a(e (he dis(an,e run & (he %ovin+ (rain and i(s s)eed EC is a&$e (o ,a$,u$a(e ea,h o. (hese va$ues ,,$i,a$$B &e('een ('o de.ined )oin(s o. (he (ra,? # !B #2B iden(i.ied & ('o di..eren( &a$ises hen (he (rain )asses (he )oin( # 2B i(s )osi(ion is u)da(ed and (he )ro,ess o. es(i%a(in+ odo%e(r res(ar(s i+ure 2 &e$o' sho's a si%)$i.ied s,he%e o. (he on-&oard ss(e%B 'here (he $i+h(-&$ue &o@es re)resen( (he %ain equi)%en( o. (he odo%e(r su&ss(e% or de(ai$ed in.or%a(ionB re.er (o 8!4B 8!3 and 8!


)igure '$; Sim7li8ied On2-oard System

*.&.&.'.$ heel Sensor The runnin+ s)eed o. %ovin+ vehi,$es is ,a$,u$a&$e ?no'in+ (he ro(a(ion s)eed o. i(s 'hee$s This ,a$,u$a(ion is &ased on odo%e(r (e,hniques and (he ,onsequen( ,overed dis(an,e is &ased on (he assu%)(ion (ha( 'hee$s (urn $inear$ in re$a(ion (o (he +round The %easure%en( o. (he s)eed o. a ro(a(iona$ a@$e andB & e@(ensionB o. a 'hee$B is )ra,(i,a&$e & %eans o. an in,re%en(a$ ro(ar en,oderB )$a,ed on (he 'hee$ 8e+ardin+ (he ,hara,(eri"a(ion o. (his devi,eB i(s ,a$$ed;

-

Rotary Fa$so ,a$$ed a shaft encoder GB due (o (he .a,( i(s an e$e,(ro-%e,hani,a$ devi,e (ha( ,onver(s (he an+u$ar )osi(ion or %o(ion o. a sha.( or a@$e (o an ana$o+ or di+i(a$ ,ode

-

$ncremental B &e,ause i(s a&$e (o ,a$,u$a(e (he shi.( dis(an,eB 'i(hou( ?no'in+ an(hin+ a&ou( (he ini(ia$ )osi(ion

*( )rovides a s)e,i.ied a%oun( o. )u$ses in one ro(a(ion o. (he en,oder The ou()u( ,an &e a sin+$e $ine o. )u$ses Fan AP ,hanne$G or ('o $ines o. )u$ses Fan AP and 1P ,hanne$G (ha( are o..se( in order (o de(er%ine (he s)eed ro(a(ion

)igure '&; heel Sensor

*.&.&.'.& Radar 1ased on (he Do))$er )rin,i)$eB (he radar sensor +ives an i%a+e o. (he +round dis)$a,e%en( in order (o )rovide in.or%a(ion a&ou( (rain s)eed and ,overed dis(an,e


Mi,ro'aves (rans%i((ed & aeria$ are re.$e,(ed & +round The requen, di..eren,e &e('een e%i((ed and re,eived radia(ionB )ro)or(iona$ (o (rain s)eedB is ,o%)u(ed & a )ro,essin+ uni( The radar sensor ,on(ains e%&edded so.('are and is )o'ered & (he (rain &a((er

)igure ''; Radar Sensor

*.&.&.'.' A55elerometer *n s(andard (rain&orne ,on.i+ura(ion an a,,e$ero%e(er is used and )rovides (he ETCS (rain&orne su&ss(e% 'i(h (he (rain a,,e$era(ion/de,e$era(ion The a,,e$ero%e(er is &ased on .or,e &a$an,e )rin,i)$e Su&%i((ed (o a,,e$era(ionB (he seis%i, %ass (ends (o %ove The ne' )osi(ion is de(e,(ed & an o)(i,a$ )osi(ion de(e,(or and ,onver(ed in(o a ,urren( This ,urren( is )ro)or(iona$ (o (he a,,e$era(ion The a,,e$ero%e(er )rovides an ou()u( vo$(a+e )ro)or(iona$ (o (he (rain a,,e$era(ion & )assin+ (hrou+h an a,,ura(e $oad resis(or

)igure '(; A55elerometer


*.' )U"CT!O"AL DESCR!#T!O" This se,(ion des,ri&es so%e o. (he ETCS L2 )rin,i)$esB 'hose .un,(ions are i%)$e%en(ed on (he #lstom +igh Speed Bologna-Florence $ineB e@(ended (o (he +S b%pass/ Ea,h o. .un,(ions ,overed ,an re+ard &o(h (he (ra,?side su&ss(e% and (he (rain&orne su&ss(e%

*.'.$ TRAC1S!DE SU-S+STEM *.'.$.$ !M#ROED SA)ET+ *.'.$.$.$ Mo6ement Authority A (rain (rave$$in+ on an E8TMS L2 equi))ed rai$'a needs a )er%ission (o ,ross ever &$o,? se,(ions 'hi,h ,o%)rises (he $ineB ,a$$ed M! &Mo$ement #uthorit%'/ or (his )ur)oseB (he )er%ission (o )ro,eed is +iven .ro% (he (ra,?side (o (he (rain&orne hen neededB $i%i(a(ions re$a(ed (o (he %ove%en( au(hori(B ie; %ode )ro.i$e .or 0n Sight( ,imited Super$ision or Shunting Mode )ro.i$e is a$'as &ein+ sen( (o+e(her 'i(h (he MA (o 'hi,h (he in.or%a(ion &e$on+s or .ur(her in.or%a(ion a&ou( (he o)era(ive %odes o. a (rain 'hi,h runs on an ETCS equi))ed $ineB re.er (o (he ri+h( ne@( se,(ion henever (he ss(e% de(e,(s (ha( a vir(ua$ si+na$ F%ar?er &oardG (ha( is )ar( o. an MA +iven (o a (rain is re)$a,ed (o dan+erB (he MA 'i$$ &e revo?ed & sendin+ a CES FCondi(iona$ E%er+en, S(o)G (o (he (rain i+ure 53 &e$o' sho's a )ar( o. (he A$s(o% 1MM$-ERTMS simulator in(er.a,eB ,us(o%i"ed .or (he S/C *(a$ian $ine Bologna-Florence *n (his e@a%)$eB a %ove%en( au(hori( is +iven (o (he (rain !P .ro% (he (ra,? ,ir,ui( !2! (o (he 2020B so a +reen se+%en( is dra'n on (he in(eres(ed se,(ions *n (he .i+ureB (his area is hi+h$i+h(ed & a red re,(an+$e

)igure '*; Allo5ation o8 a Mo6ement authority


*.'.$.$.& Tem7orary S7eed Restri5tion A TS8 is a s)eed res(ri,(ion (e%)orari$ se( .or di..eren( reasonsB $i?e 'or?in+ s(a.. on (he (ra,? To de.ine a TS8B a( $eas( (he .o$$o'in+ da(a sha$$ &e in(rodu,ed durin+ (he da(a )re)ara(ion )hase o. (he )ro>e,( in ,ase o. )rede.ined TS8B or & (he TCC o)era(or in ,ase o. dna%i, TS8; - The s(ar(in+ )oin( o. (he TS8B re+ardin+ (he (ra,? $aou( - The endin+ )oin( o. (he TS8B re+ardin+ (he (ra,? $aou( - The %a@i%u% a$$o'ed s)eed &e('een (he s(ar(in+ )oin( and (he endin+ )oin( - The endin+ ,ondi(ionB re+ardin+ (he (rainQs $en+(h The TS8 endin+ ,ondi(ion indi,a(es a( 'ha( %o%en( (he TS8 has (o &e ,onsidered as no %ore a))$i,a&$e on &oard

i+ure 5 &e$o' sho's a )ar( o. (he MM*-E8TMS si%u$a(or in(er.a,eB ,us(o%i"ed .or (he S/C *(a$ian $ine Bologna-Florence *n (his e@a%)$eB a TS8 is i%)osed .ro% (he (ra,? ,ir,ui( !2! (o (he 2020B so a e$$o' se+%en( is dra'n do'n (he in(eres(ed se,(ions *n (he .i+ureB (his area is hi+h$i+h(ed & a red re,(an+$e

)igure '; Allo5ation o8 a tem7orary s7eed restri5tion *n (his .ra%e'or?B 'e ,an dis(in+uish ('o di..eren( ?ind o. TS8; - #rede.ined TS8 - Dna%i, TS8

"redefined TSRs are )$anned during the engineering process and i%)$e%en(ed in(o (he 81C da(a &ase An )rede.ined TS8 de.ined in (he 81C in(erna$ da(a &ase ,an &e au(o%a(i,a$$ a,(iva(ed a,,ordin+ (o in.or%a(ion re,eived .ro% (he *n(er$o,?in+ Fe+ in re$a(ion 'i(h sensors in (he (ra,?G

*ynamic TSRs are de.ined during the operation of the line The are in(rodu,ed & (he TCC o)era(or and sen( a.(er'ards (o (he 81C
*.'.$.$.' Dynami5 S7eed Monitoring The ETCS L2 AT# .un,(ion ,a$$ed dna%i, s)eed %oni(orin+ is (he su)ervision o. (he s)eed o. (he (rain versus i(s )osi(ionB in order (o %a?e (he (rain (o res)e,( (he Mos( 8es(ri,(ive S)eed #ro.i$e and Li%i( o. Au(hori(/End o. Au(hori( The MRS" &Most Restricti$e Speed *rofile' is a des,ri)(ion o. (he %os( res(ri,(ive s)eed res(ri,(ions (he (rain sha$$ o&e on a +iven )ie,e o. (ra,? The on-&oard ,on(inuous$ su)ervise a $is( o. (ar+e(s Fie s)eed de,rease o. (he M8S#B LoAB EoAB %a@ dis(an,e in S8 %odeG De)endin+ o. (he ()e o. (he (ar+e(B (he on-&oard ,a$,u$a(es a s)e,i.i, ,urve6 .ro% (his .irs( ,urve severa$ o(hers are ,a$,u$a(ed de.inin+ severa$ $i%i(s 1 ,o%)arin+ (he a,(ua$ s)eed and $o,a(ion o. (he (rain (o (he various $i%i( ,urvesB (he ETCS &oard +enera(es indi,a(ions (o (he driver and &ra?in+ a,(ions The .o$$o'in+ su)ervision $i%i(s are de.ined; •

*re-indication location; in.or%s (he driver (ha( he is a))roa,hin+ an area 'here he has (o o)era(e (he servi,e &ra?e in order (o &ra?e (o a (ar+e(6

•

!ndication &!'; in.or%s (he driver (ha( (he (rain s)eed is a))roa,hin+ (he %a@i%u% a$$o'ed s)eed in (ha( area6

•

*ermitted Speed &*'; (he %a@i%u% s)eed (he (rain is a$$o'ed (o run6

•

2arning &2'; *. (he (rain s)eed e@,eeds (he arnin+ ,urveB an audi&$e 'arnin+ is issued (o (he driver (o indi,a(e (ha( he shou$d s(ar( &ra?in+6

•

Ser$ice Brake !nter$ention &SB!'; i. (he driver .ai$s (o o&e (he ,o%%and (o &ra?e 'i(hin a )rede.ined (i%eB (he (rain s)eed 'i$$ over)ass (he SB! $i%i( (he on-&oard equi)%en( 'i$$ a))$ (he servi,e &ra?e un(i$ (he a$$o'ed s)eed has &een rea,hed6

•

Emergenc% Brake !nter$ention &EB!'; i. (he (rain s)eed is su,h (ha( (his $i%i( is over)assedB (he e%er+en, &ra?e 'i$$ &e a))$ied6

•

Release speed monitoring start location ; (he re$ease s)eed %a &e ne,essar .or ('o reasons

*.'.$.$.(

Dete5tors

*n.or%a(ion ,o%in+ .ro% de(e,(ors as (unne$ or ho( &o@ de(e,(or in.or%a(ion ,an &e .or'arded (o (he *n(er$o,?in+ and u) (o (he 81C A,,ordin+ (o (his in.or%a(ionB (he 81C ,an au(o%a(i,a$$ a,(iva(e a )rede.ined TS8 and send i( (o (he a))roa,hin+ (rain A dire,( rea,(ion ,an a$so &e .oreseen & ,onne,(in+ (he de(e,(or ou()u(s (o (he en,oderB 'hi,h sha$$ a,(iva(e (he ,orres)ondin+ )rede.ined TS8 and sha$$ send i( (o (he asso,ia(ed Euro&a$ises As severa$ )ossi&i$i(ies .or sendin+ )rede.ined TS8 e@is(B (he .ina$ i%)$e%en(a(ion de)ends on ea,h )ro>e,( and on ea,h )ar(i,u$ar ,ase A sa.e( s(ud has (o & e a,hieved durin+ (he )ro>e,( )hase <(her )ossi&i$i( is (o au(o%a(i,a$$ send ,ondi(iona$ FCESG or un,ondi(iona$ e%er+en, s(o) FUESG %essa+es a.(er de(e,(or a,(iva(ions

*.'.$.& ASSURED !"TERO#ERA-!L!T+ *n (his se,(ion innova(ive .un,(ions 'i(,h rea$i"e an in(ero)era&$e ss(e%B are re)or(ed Than?s (o (he%B an ETCS equi))ed (rain ,an %ove a%on+ (radi(iona$ and hi+h s)eed $inesB even i. s(ar(in+ and endin+ >ourne )oin(s are in ('o di..eren( ,oun(ries

*.'.$.&.$ Entran5e Transition Announ5ement Trains a))roa,hin+ (he E8TMS/ETCS L2 area sha$$ &e in.or%ed o. (he dis(an,e re%ainin+ in .ron( o. i( u) (o (he en(r &order This Euro&a$ise +rou) F(ransi(ion announ,e%en( Euro&a$ise +rou)G sha$$ in,$ude a$$ in.or%a(ion re$a(ed (o (he en(ran,e )oin( and (ransi(ion ,ondi(ions *n addi(ion (o (he dis(an,eB (he (rain sha$$ &e in.or%ed (hrou+h (he (ransi(ion announ,e%en( Euro&a$ise +rou) o. (he (ransi(ion $eve$ (o &e )er.or%ed on,e (he en(r )oin( has &een rea,hed The )hsi,a$ ins(a$$a(ion o. (his Euro&a$ise +rou) sha$$ &e done a +iven dis(an,e &e.ore (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 &order in order (o +ive (i%e enou+h .or (he (rain and 81C (o e@,han+e (he ne,essar in.or%a(ion .or )re)arin+ (he en(ran,e *n addi(ionB (he driver sha$$ &e as?ed (o a,?no'$ed+e (he $eve$ 2 (ransi(ion &e.ore (he en(ran,e &e,o%es e..e,(ive This dis(an,e is $ine-s)eed de)enden( and sha$$ &e de(er%ined durin+ (he desi+n )hase o. (he )ro>e,( a,,ordin+ (o (ra,? )$ans F$ine (o)o$o+G and s)eed )ro.i$es The nu%&er o. (ransi(ion announ,e%en( Euro&a$ise +rou)s sha$$ &e de(er%ined durin+ (he desi+n )hase o. (he )ro>e,( and a.(er (he ,orres)ondin+ sa.e( and avai$a&i$i( de(ai$ed s(udies The (ransi(ion announ,e%en( Euro&a$ise +rou) is usua$$ s'i(,ha&$e as i( is usua$$ ins(a$$ed a( (he sa%e $o,a(ion (ha( (he $as( 'aside o)(i,a$ si+na$ &e.ore (he en(ran,e Fo)(i,a$ si+na$ )ro(e,(in+ (he en(ran,eG and &e.ore a )oin( *n ,ase (here is no )oin( &e.ore (he en(ran,eB a .i@ed Euro&a$ise +rou) ,an &e used

*.'.$.&.& )irst Mo6ement Authority The E8TMS/ETCS L2 ss(e% sha$$ veri. (ha( (he a))roa,hin+ (rain is (he on$ one and (ha( no o(her (rain is a$so en(erin+ This sha$$ &e done & in(er.a,in+ 'i(h (he ad>a,en( si+na$$in+ ss(e%B %ain$ 'i(h (he ad>a,en( *L


*. i( is (he ,aseB (he ss(e% sha$$ send (o (he (rain i(s .irs( %ove%en( au(hori( (o &e a))$ied .ro% (he &order )oin( The a))$i,a(ion o. (his %ove%en( au(hori( a( (he e@a,( &order )oin( is an on &oard .un,(ion

*.'.$.&.' Entran5e with train not 8itted with ERTMS/ETCS L& *n order (o )ro(e,( (he en(ran,e o. (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 area and avoid no( .i((ed (rains (o en(er (he areaB severa$ %e(hods have &een i%)$e%en(ed & A$s(o%; -

A si+na$ %ana+ed & (he in(er$o,?in+ and $o,a(ed a( en(ran,e is red un(i$ (he 81C sends a %ove%en( au(hori( (o (he (rain As (he no( .i((ed (rain 'i$$ no( re,eive an %ove%en( au(hori(B (he si+na$ 'i$$ s(a red and (he (rain 'i$$ no( en(er (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 area

-

An in.or%a(ion ,on(ainin+ (he (rain runnin+ nu%&er is sen( (o (he ,on(ro$ ,en(er 1ased on i( and on i(s (i%e(a&$eB (he o)era(or 'i$$ )er%i( or no( (he a,,ess (o (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 area (o (he en(erin+ (rains

-

A Euro&a$ise o. (he ad>a,en( na(iona$ ss(e% is $o,a(ed a( (he en(ran,e and )ro(e,(s (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 Area & sendin+ in.or%a(ion (o s(o) (he (rain As (rain .i((ed 'i(h E8TMS/ETCS $eve$ 2 'i$$ have a$read s'i(,hed (o E8TMS/ETCS ss(e%B (he 'i$$ no( (a?e in(o a,,oun( (he Euro&a$ise %essa+e and (he 'i$$ no( &e s(o))ed

*.'.$.' !M#ROED #ER)ORMA"CE *.'.$.'.$ !"CREASED !")RASTRUCTURE CA#AC!T+ TodaB rai$'a o)era(ions in severa$ )ar(s o. (he 'or$d and in Euro)e in )ar(i,u$ar require a ,ons(an( and in,reasin+$ in(ense .$o' o. (rains on &us rou(es 1e.ore e@)$ainin+ ho' ETCS L2 ,overs (his require%en(B he$)in+ (he reader o. (his )a)erB Ta&$e 4 )resen(s an overvie' o. (he (er%ino$o+ used in (his )ara+ra)h

Term O55u7ation Time -u88er time

Headway distan5e

Headway time

E:7lanation The (i%e a &$o,? se,(ion F(he $en+(h o. (ra,? &e('een ('o &$o,? si+na$sB ,a& si+na$s or &o(hG is o,,u)ied & a (rain The (i%e di..eren,e &e('een a,(ua$ head'a and %ini%u% a$$o'a&$e head'a The dis(an,e &e('een (he .ron( ends o. ('o ,onse,u(ive (rains %ovin+ a$on+ (he sa%e (ra,? in (he sa%e dire,(ion The %ini%u% head'a dis(an,e is (he shor(es( )ossi&$e dis(an,e a( a ,er(ain (rave$ s)eed a$$o'ed & (he si+na$$in+ and/or sa.e( ss(e% The (i%e in(erva$ &e('een ('o (rains or (he F(i%eG s)a,in+ o. (rains or (he (i%e in(erva$ &e('een (he )assin+ o. (he .ron( ends o. ('o ,onse,u(ive Fvehi,$es orG (rains %ovin+ a$on+ (he sa%e F$ane orG (ra,? in (he sa%e dire,(ion

Ta4le *; Short des5ri7tion o8 rail 5a7a5ity terminology


So%e o. (he (er%s des,ri&ed are .ur(her i$$us(ra(ed in (he .o$$o'in+ dia+ra%

)igure '<; Rail 5a7a5ity 7arameters 1 a$$o'in+ a redu,(ion o. head'as &e('een (rainsB si+na$$in+ ss(e%s )$a a %a>or ro$e in in,reasin+ ,a)a,i( on rai$'a ne('or?sB as %ore (rains ,an run on (he sa%e (ra,? *n (his .ra%e'or?B ETCS L2 o..ers ,onsidera&$e &ene.i(s in (er%s o. in.ras(ru,(ure ,a)a,i( SoB ho' ,an si+na$$in+ a..e,( rai$ in.ras(ru,(ure ,a)a,i( hi$s( si+na$$in+ ori+ina$$ ai%s (o ,on(ro$ rai$'a (ra..i, sa.e$ and avoid ,o$$isions &e('een (rainsB i( in,reasin+$ )$as an i%)or(an( ro$e in in,reasin+ ,a)a,i(B ie in.$uen,in+ (he nu%&er o. (rains on a +iven $ine and (he dis(an,e &e('een (he%B and has (here.ore &e,o%e a ,ru,ia$ )ar( o. rai$'as ,o%)e(i(iveness *n (he ear$ dasB Move%en( Au(hori(iesP 'ere )assed on (o (rain drivers & .$a+%en or e$eva(ed .$a+s $o,a(ed on (he various se,(ions o. (he (ra,? These 'ere re)$a,ed over (i%e & $ineside si+na$s F(ra..i, $i+h(sG 'hi,h are no'adas s(i$$ $ar+e$ )resen( on %os( rai$'a ne('or?s Ho' AT# 'i$$ au(o%a(i,a$$ a))$ (he &ra?es i. (he driver .ai$s (o res)e,( (he Move%en( Au(hori( J (here& re%ovin+ (he ris? o. a hu%an error and a$$o'in+ .or hi+her s)eeds and shor(er head'as &e('een (rains o'everB si+na$$in+ is no( (he on$ 'a (o in,rease ,a)a,i( on a +iven rai$ ne('or? *n .a,(B (here are a nu%&er o. o)(ions (o in,rease ,a)a,i(B .ro% &ui$din+ addi(iona$ $ines or rene'in+ e@is(in+ (ra,?sB $en+(henin+ (rains and $oo)s or )$a(.or%sB (o o)era(in+ %ore .requen( servi,es and hi+her densi( (rains <)(in+ .or a %odern si+na$$in+ ss(e% $i?e ETCSB o)era(ors %a easi$ in,rease (he .requen, o . (rains on a +iven $ine *ns(ead o. &ui$din+ ano(her $ine or $en+(henin+ (rains and )$a(.or%sB u)+radin+ (o E8TMS re)resen(s (he easies(B %os( e,ono%i, and $eas( disru)(ive 'a o. in,reasin+ ,a)a,i( on a $ine or ne('or? *n.ras(ru,(ure ,a)a,i( is a$'as a resu$( o. severa$ (e,hni,a$ and o)era(iona$ .a,(ors and (his %a?es i( di..i,u$( (o )rovide a +eneri, .i+ure


o'everB i( is ,o%%on$ a,?no'$ed+ed and de%ons(ra(ed & e@)erien,e (ha( (he %ovin+ .ro% a ,onven(iona$ (ra,?side si+na$$in+ ss(e% (o a ,a&-si+na$$in+ AT# ss(e% $i?e ETCSB 'i(h an a))ro)ria(e &$o,? ss(e%B ena&$es u) (o 40 ,a)a,i( in,rease on ,urren($ e@is(in+ in.ras(ru,(ure As (he %os( re,en( si+na$$in+ ss(e%B ETCS is )u&$i,$ a,?no'$ed+ed (o have &e((er )er.or%an,e in (er%s o. ,a)a,i( (han i(s )rede,essors This is due (o (he ,a& si+na$$in+ .ea(ures and (he a&i$i( o. ETCS (o (a?e in(o a,,oun( (he &ra?in+ ,o%)a(i&i$i(ies o. ea,h individua$ (rain 1asi,a$$B (he use o. ETCS L2 ,an o..er ,onsidera&$e advan(a+es in (er%s o. ,a)a,i( in,rease *ndeedB 'hen usin+ L2 a ,on(inuous s(rea% o. da(a in.or%s (he driver o. $ine-s)e,i.i, da(a and si+na$s s(a(us on (he rou(e aheadB a$$o'in+ (he (rain (o rea,h i(s %a@i%u% or o)(i%a$ s)eed &u( s(i$$ %ain(ainin+ a sa.e &ra?in+ dis(an,e .a,(or This (here.ore ena&$es hi+her o)era(iona$ s)eeds and redu,ed head'as


*.'.& TRA!"-OR"E SU-S+STEM *.'.&.$ O#ERAT!"0 MODE The (rain&orne ETCS L2 su&ss(e% ,an (a?e on various s(a(us and o)era(in+ %odes or de(ai$ed in.or%a(ionB re.er (o 8!9 Ea,h one o. (he% +uaran(ees a di..eren( sa.e( $eve$ o. drivin+ here a))ro)ria(eB a s%&o$ dis)$aed on (he DM* indi,a(es (he %ode (ha( is ,urren($ se$e,(ed;

34 5ull superision 65S4 This is (he nor%a$ non-)er%issive %ove%en( au(hori(B +ivin+ .u$$ )ro(e,(ion The (rain is )er%i((ed (o run a( (he %a@i%u% s)eed sho'n and i(s su)ervised a+ains( a dna%i, s)eed )ro.i$e This %ode ,anno( &e se$e,(ed & (he driverB &u( i( is en(ered au(o%a(i,a$$ & (he
74 #n sight 6#S4 This %ove%en( au(hori( a$$o's (he (rain (o en(er in(o a (ra,? se,(ion (ha( ,ou$d &e a$read o,,u)ied & ano(her (rain B or o&s(ru,(ed & an ?ind o. o&s(a,$e The (rain %us( )ro,eed a( su,h a s)eed (ha( i( ,an s(o) shor( o. an o&s(ru,(ion The s)eed is su)ervised a+ains( a dna%i, s)eed )ro.i$e This %ode ,anno( &e se$e,(ed & (he driverB &u( i( is en(ered au(o%a(i,a$$ & (he
84 Shunting 6SH4 This %ode is used durin+ shun(in+ %ove%en(s The (rainQs s)eed is su)ervised u) (o a ,ei$in+ s)eed A $is( o. e@)e,(ed &a$ise +rou)s ,an &e sen( & (he (ra,?side equi)%en(; in su,h ,aseB i. a &a$ise +rou) no( ,on(ained in (he $is( is )assedB (ha (rain is (ri))ed The (rain is (ri))ed a$so i. a s(o) i. in shun(in+ %odeP in.or%a(ion is re,eived .ro% &a$ise +rou) Dis)$a o. (he Shun( s%&o$ is no( an au(hori( (o %ove (he (rain This %ode ,an &e en(ered & (he driver or ordered & (ra,?side

94 %o%-leading 6%+4 This %ode is se$e,(ed on (he rear (ra,(ion uni( 'hen runnin+ in (ande% or &an?in+B e(, *( )rovides $i%i(ed su)ervision

:4 Staff responsile 6SR4 This %ode a$$o's (he (rain (o &e %oved under (he driverQs o'n au(hori( on an E8TMS equi))ed $ine The (rainQs s)eed is su)ervised u) (o a ,ei$in+ s)eed A $is( o. e@)e,(ed &a$ise +rou)s ,an &e sen( & (he (ra,?side equi)%en(; in su,h ,aseB i. a &a$ise +rou) no( ,on(ained in (he $is( is )assedB (ha (rain is (ri))ed The (rain is (ri))ed a$so i. a s(o) i. in S8P in.or%a(ion is re,eived .ro% &a$ise +rou) A +iven dis(an,e is a$so su)ervisedB and (he (rain is (ri))ed i. i( over)asses (his dis(an,e

;4 Standy 6S)4 This is (he de.au$( %odeB au(o%a(i,a$$ se$e,(ed 'hen o)enin+ or shu((in+ do'n (he driverQs des? The E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( )er.or%s (he s(ands(i$$ su)ervision


<4 ,nfitted 6,%4 This %ode is se$e,(ed 'hen drivin+ on $ines no( .i((ed 'i(h E8TMS The DM* 'i$$ dis)$a no in.or%a(ion o(her (han (he (rainQs s)eedB 'hi,h is su)ervised u) (o a ,ei$in+ s)eed )rovided & na(iona$ da(a A$so (e%)orar s)eed res(ri,(ions are su)ervised & (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en(

=4 Trip 6TR4 This %ode is au(o%a(i,a$$ se$e,(ed in (he even( o. a %ove%en( au(hori( &ein+ e@,eededB un(i$ a,?no'$ed+ed & (he driver An e%er+en, &ra?e de%and 'i$$ o,,ur and (he reason o. (he (ri) dis)$aed

>4 "ost trip 6"T4 This %ode is en(ered au(o%a(i,a$$ on,e (he (rain has ,o%e (o a s(and and (he driver has a,?no'$ed+ed (he (ri) The ,o%%and &ra?e is (hen re$eased

3?4 Sleeping 6S+4 here a $o,o%o(ive or uni( has %ore (han one se( o. E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en(B on$ one se( ,an &e a,(ive a( an (i%e The o(her se(s 'i$$ &e in s$ee)in+ %ode *n (his %ode no (rain su)ervision is )er.or%ed

334 System failure 6S54 This %ode is asso,ia(ed 'i(h .ai$ure o. (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( and is a,,o%)anied & an e%er+en, &ra?e de%and

374 %o power 6%"4 This %ode is en(ered 'hen no )o'er is a))$ied (o (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( *( is a,,o%)anied & an e%er+en, &ra?e de%and So%e )ar(s o. (he
384 $solation 6$S4 This %ode a))$ies 'hen (he driver has iso$a(ed (he E8TMS .o$$o'in+ a .ai$ure

394 %ational System 6S%4 This %ode a$$o's (he Ha(iona$ Ss(e% (o a,,ess so%e resour,es o. (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en(

3:4 Reersing 6R14 The 8eversin+ %ode a$$o's (he driver (o ,han+e (he dire,(ion o. %ove%en( o. (he (rain and drive .ro% (he sa%e ,a&B ie (he (rain orien(a(ion re%ains un,han+ed This sha$$ &e )ossi&$e on$ in areas so %ar?ed & (ra,?side 8eversin+ areas sha$$ &e announ,ed in advan,e & (ra,?side This %ode is used (o a$$o' (he (rain (o es,a)e .ro% a dan+erous si(ua(ion and (o rea,h as .as( as )ossi&$e a sa.erP $o,a(ion *n (his %ode a ,ei$in+ s)eed and an a$$o'ed dis(an,e are su)ervised

3;4 +imited Superision 6+S4 The Li%i(ed Su)ervision %ode ena&$es (he (rain (o &e o)era(ed in areas 'here (ra,?side in.or%a(ion ,an &e su))$ied (o rea$ise &a,?+round su)ervision o. (he (rain Li%i(ed su)ervision ,anno( &e se$e,(ed & (he driverB &u( sha$$ &e en(ered au(o%a(i,a$$ 'hen ,o%%anded & (ra,?side and a$$ ne,essar ,ondi(ions are .u$.i$$ed The E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( sha$$ su)ervise (rain %ove%en(s a+ains( a dna%i, s)eed )ro.i$e The Li%i(ed


Su)ervision %ode ena&$es (he (rain (o &e o)era(ed in areas equi))ed 'i(h $ineside si+na$s 'here ETCS does no( have in.or%a(ion re+ardin+ (he s(a(us o. so%e si+na$sB ie no( a$$ si+na$s are .i((ed 'i(h LEUs or ,onne,(ed (o an 81C The driver %us( o&serve (he e@is(in+ $ine-side in.or%a(ion Fsi+na$sB s)eed &oards e(,G and Ha(iona$ o)era(in+ ru$es

3<4 "assie Shunting 6"S4 The #assive Shun(in+ %ode is de.ined (o %ana+e (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( o. a s$ave en+ine FH
*.'.&.& START O) M!SS!O" The driver o. an ETCS .i((ed (rain %a have (o )er.or% (he )ro,edure SoM in order (o a$$o' (he (rain s(ar(in+ i(s %ove%en( a$on+ (he (ra,?B a,,ordin+ (o (he )$anned o)era(ive %odes and (he E8TMS/ETCS $eve$; aG
Driver *D



E8TMS/ETCS $eve$



81C *D/)hone nu%&er



Train Da(a



Train 8unnin+ Hu%&er



Train #osi(ion F?no'nB inva$idB un?no'nG

*. (he (rain )osi(ion da(a s(ored in (he on-&oard equi)%en( is o. s(a(us inva$idP or un?no'nB (he in.or%a(ion sha$$ &e (rans%i((ed (o (he 81C via (he SoM )osi(ion re)or( %essa+e *. (he )osi(ion re)or( is va$ida(ed & 81CB (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( is in.or%ed (ha( (he (rain is a,,e)(ed 'i(hou( va$id )osi(ion da(aB so i( sha$$ de$e(e (he (rain )osi(ion da(a Fne' s(a(us; un?no'nPG Consequen(ia$$B (he (rain is se( (o S8 un(i$ (he ne@( 1:B 'hen i(s a&$e (o send a va$id )osi(ion re)or( (o 81C ereB (he si(ua(ions .or 'hi,h (rain )osi(ion is inva$id/un?no'n a( s(ar(-u) are $is(ed;




Train ,o%es .ro% %ode *SB SB H# F'i(h no ,o$d %ove%en( de(e,(orG



Train %oved in *SB SB H# %ode

*. (he (rain is runnin+ in a de+raded %ode Fas a( (he &e+innin+ o. (he )ro,edure S(ar( o. MissionPGB ensurin+ (ha( (he (rain is (he .irs( one in (he &$o,? and (he se,(ion $o,a(ed do'ns(rea% (he (rain is no( o,,u)iedB is %anda(or *n a $eve$ 2/5 areaB (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( sha$$ &e a&$e (o hand$e a T#F Re)uest +iven & (he 81C The (ra,? ahead .ree reques( .ro% (he 81C sha$$ indi,a(e (o (he on-&oard; aG a( 'hi,h $o,a(ion (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( sha$$ &e+in (o dis)$a (he reques( (o (he driver &G a( 'hi,h $o,a(ion (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( sha$$ s(o) (o dis)$a (he reques( (o (he driver Fin ,ase (he driver did no( a,?no'$ed+eG The driver sha$$ have (he )ossi&i$i( (o a,?no'$ed+e (he (ra,? ahead .ree reques( F%eanin+ (he driver Con.ir% (ha( (he (ra,? &e('een (he head o. (he (rain and (he ne@( si+na$ or &oard %ar?in+ si+na$ )osi(ion is .reeG hen (he driver a,?no'$ed+esB (he E8TMS/ETCS on-&oard equi)%en( sha$$ s(o) dis)$ain+ (he reques(B and sha$$ in.or% (he 81C (ha( (he (ra,? ahead is .ree There sha$$ &e no res(ri,(ive ,onsequen,e & (he on-&oard ss(e% i. (he driver does no( a,?no'$ed+e A ne' (ra,? ahead .ree reques( sha$$ re)$a,e (he one )revious$ re,eived and s(ored

*.'.&.' !"CREASED S#EED *n +enera$ and s)e,i.i,a$$ .or (he ETCS equi))ed (rainsB (he (er% %a@i%u% s)eed ,an have %an %eanin+s *( ,an re.$e,(; - Ma2imum aerage speed &e('een ('o s,hedu$ed s(o)s &ased on (he runnin+ (i%es in (i%e(a&$es dai$ o)era(ion - Ma2imum speed at which a train is allowed to run safely as se( & $a' or )o$i, on a s(rai+h( se,(ion in dai$ servi,e 'i(h %ini%a$ ,ons(rain(s - Ma2imum speed a( 'hi,h an un%odi.ied (rain is )roved (o &e ,a)a&$e o. runnin+ <..i,ia$ a&so$u(e 'or$d re,ord .or ,onven(iona$ (rain is he$d & (he ren,h T'1  *n A)ri$ 2007B a s)e,ia$$ (uned (rainB redu,ed (o (hree ,ars 'i(h hi+her vo$(a+eB &ro?e (he 'or$d re,ordB rea,hin+ 374 ?%/hB (he hi+hes( E8TMS s)eed un(i$ no'


)igure '=; T0 s7eed world re5ord

*.'.' !"TER)ACE -ETEE" TRAC1S!DE A"D TRA!"-OR"E SU-S+STEMS The E8TMS/ETCS L2 (ra,?side si+na$$in+ su&ss(e% ,o%%uni,a(e 'i(h (he #), F
)igure '>; !nter8a5e 4etween Tra59side and Train4orne Su4systems

*.'.'.$ RAD!O !nter8a5e *.'.'.$.$ 0SM2R The :SM-8B >us( +enera$$ des,ri&ed in 542B is (he %o&i$e ,o%%uni,a(ions ss(e% 'hi,h a$$o's (he e@,han+e o. da(a &e('een an E8TMS L2 .i((ed (rain and (he (ra,?side su&ss(e% This 'ire$ess and ,onne,(ion-orien(ed a))roa,h is o.(en ,onsidered as (he &o(($ene,? o. (he si+na$$in+ ss(e%B 'hi,h ,onsidera&$ $i%i(s (he )ossi&$e nu%&er o. voi,e and da(a ,onne,(ions in ea,h ,e$$ o. (he ne('or? a( (he sa%e (i%e and i( ,an ,ause a dead$o,? o. (he ss(e%B i. (he nu%&er o. users 'i$$ ra)id$ in,rease Fe+ a,,iden(sB .rei+h( de)o(sB $ines 'i(h a hi+h and dna%i, vo$u%e o. (ra..i,G


*.'.'.$.& 0#RS2R A )a,?e(-s'i(,hed a))roa,h shou$d &e ana$"ed (o ,oun(era,( (his e@)e,(ed dead$o,? & (a?in+ in(o a,,oun( (ha( (he :SM-8 in.ras(ru,(ureB 'hi,h is o.(en a$read ins(a$$ed & (he na(iona$ rai$road o)era(orsB a$so shou$d &e used (o save (he hi+h ,a)i(a$ inves(%en( o. (hese rai$road o)era(ors *n )u&$i, 'ire$ess ne('or?s (he )a,?e(-s'i(,hed '"RS &General *acket Radio Ser$ice' 'as used (o in,rease (he )ossi&i$i(ies o. (he a$read e@is(in+ 'ire$ess in.ras(ru,(ure Curren($ (he a%oun( o. da(a used .or si+na$$in+ 'i(hin ,onne,(ion-orien(ed ETCS Leve$ 2 environ%en( is ver s%a$$ and in %os( ,ases (here are no (rans%issions .or a $on+ (i%e in(erva$ o'everB (he ,$assi,a$ :SM s,he%e ?ee)s (he (rans%ission ,hanne$ &usB due (o i(s ,ir,ui(-s'i(,hed &ehaviour A .u$$ :SM ,hanne$ is reserved .or ea,h (rans%ission ,hanne$ used Su))$e%en(ar servi,esB e+ o)era(iona$ ,o%%uni,a(ionsB are (hus $i%i(ed and (he use o. (he &and'id(h is no( (he rea$$ e..i,ien( A dead$o,? o. (he ss(e% 'i$$ o,,ur i. (he nu%&er o. )ara$$e$ ETCS Leve$ 2 ,on(ro$$ed (rains 'i$$ &e on (he (ra,? i(h :#8S (he (rans%ission ,hanne$ is on$ used 'hen da(a %us( &e (rans%i((ed The .o$$o'in+ )resen(s a ,$assi,a$ :#8S in.ras(ru,(ure The %a>or di..eren,es &e('een a )a,?e(orien(ed :#8S in.ras(ru,(ure and a ,onne,(ion-orien(ed :SM in.ras(ru,(ure ,onsis( in ('o .ur(her ne('or? e$e%en(s 'hi,h are des,ri&ed as .o$$o's

)igure (3; 0#RS2R Ar5hite5ture The S'S% &Ser$ing G*RS Support Node' is res)onsi&$e .or (he de$iver o. da(a )a,?e(s .ro% and (o (he %o&i$e s(a(ions 'i(hin i(s +eo+ra)hi,a$ servi,e area *(s (as?s in,$ude )a,?e( rou(in+ and )a,?e((rans.erB (he %o&i$i( %ana+e%en(B (he $o+i,a$ $in? %ana+e%en( andB .ina$$B (he au(hen(i,a(ion and ,har+in+ .un,(ions The ''S% &Gate3a% G*RS Support Node' a,(s as an in(er.a,e &e('een (he :#8S &a,?&one ne('or? and (he e@(erna$ )a,?e( da(a ne('or?s *( ,onver(s (he :#8S )a,?e(s ,o%in+ .ro% (he S:SHB %en(ioned &e.oreB in(o (he a))ro)ria(e "*" &*acket Data *rotocol' .or%a( and sends (he% ou( on


(he ,orres)ondin+ )a,?e( da(a ne('or? *n (he o(her dire,(ionB (he addresses o. in,o%in+ da(a )a,?e(s are ,onver(ed (o (he :SM address o. (he des(ina(ion user The re-addressed )a,?e(s are sen( (o (he res)onsi&$e S:SH
*.'.'.& A!R 0a7 !nter8a5e The Air :a) in(er.a,e rea$i"es (he Euro&a$ise Trans%ission Ss(e%B a sa.e s)o( (rans%ission &ased ss(e% ,onvein+ sa.e( re$a(ed in.or%a(ion &e('een (he 'aside in.ras(ru,(ure and (he (rain More )re,ise$B (he Air :a) )er%i(s (he ,o%%uni,a(ion &e('een (he Euro&a$ises ins(a$$ed on (he 'aside and (he

)igure ($; Air 0a7 !nter8a5e

*.'.'.' ERTMS/ETCS Language The a))$i,a(ive da(a e@,han+ed &e('een (he (ra,?side F81C and Euro&a$isesG and (he (rain&orne F<1UG su&ss(e%s are ,a$$ed Telegrams The are s(ru,(ured and en,oded usin+ (he E8TMS/ETCS $an+ua+e The E8TMS/ETCS $an+ua+e is &ased on varia&$esB )a,?e(s and %essa+esB or+ani"ed a,,ordin+ (o a s)e,i.i, and s(andard sn(a@B .u$$ s)e,i.ied in 8e. 22

*.'.'.'.$ aria4les E8TMS/ETCS varia&$es are used (o en,ode sin+$e da(a va$ues and ,anno( &e s)$i( in %inor uni(s Ea,h varia&$e una%&i+uous$ iden(i. a s)e,i.i, (ra,? en(i(B a$$o'in+ (he ss(e% (o hand$e (he da(a (o &e eva$ua(ed The .o$$o'in+ Ta&$e  sho's an e@a%)$e o. a varia&$e (rea(ed & (he E8TMS/ETCS ss(e%B (he )ur)ose o. 'hi,h is (o iden(i. (he univo,a$ nu%&er o. a $eve$ ,rossin+ on (he (ra,? %ame

H*DVL

*escription

*den(i( nu%&er o. (he Leve$ Crossin+

+ength of ariale

Minimum 1alue

Ma2imum 1alue

Resolution/formula

 &i(s

0

233

Hu%&er

Special/Resered 1alues !27-233

8eserved .or 81C (rans%ission

Ta4le ; aria4le "!DL%F


*.'.'.'.& #a59ets E8TMS/ETCS #a,?e(s are used (o +rou) %u$(i)$e varia&$es in(o a sin+$e uni(B 'i(h a de.ined in(erna$ s(ru,(ure This s(ru,(ure ,onsis(s o. a )a,?e( header 'i(h; - A unique )a,?e( nu%&er - The $en+(h o. (he )a,?e( in &i(s - The orien(a(ion in.or%a(ion - The dis(an,e s,a$e and an in.or%a(ion se,(ion ,on(ainin+ a de.ined se( o. varia&$es Fo)(iona$$G The )a,?e( s(ru,(ure is as .o$$o's; 1ariale

#ur7ose

H*DV#ACKET

Hu%&er - #a,?e( iden(i.ier

WVD*8

Dire,(ion - S)e,i.ies (he va$idi( dire,(ion o. (rans%i((ed da(a

LV#ACKET

Len+(h - Hu%&er o. &i(s in (he )a,?e(

WVSCALE

S,a$e - S)e,i.ies 'hi,h dis(an,e s,a$e is used .or a$$ dis(an,e in.or%a(ion 'i(hin (he )a,?e(

*n.or%a(ion

e$$ de.ined se(FsG o. varia&$es

Ta4le <; Stru5ture o8 an ERTMS/ETCS #a59et

*.'.'.'.' Messages E8TMS/ETCS %essa+es F(e$e+ra%sG are ,o%)osed o. one headerB a )rede.ined se( o. E8TMS/ETCS varia&$es F'hen neededGB a )rede.ined se( o. E8TMS/ETCS )a,?e(s F'hen neededG and o)(iona$ )a,?e(s as needed & a))$i,a(ion The (rans%ission order in E8TMS/ETCS %essa+es res)e,( (he order o. da(a e$e%en(s $is(ed in (he %essa+e .or%a( F.ro% (o) (o &o((o%G As e@a%)$eB here ('o (e$e+ra%s sen( & 81C (o (he <1UB are des,ri&ed in (er% o. (ri++erin+ .un,(ionsB 'hi,h a,(iva(e (he sendin+ )ro,ess and da(a s(ru,(ure

*.'.'.'.'.$ Message &; SR Authoriation The E8TMS/ETCS (ra,?side su&ss(e% has (o issue (o (he (rain (he Messa+e 2; S8 Au(hori"a(ionP i. (he .o$$o'in+ ,ondi(ions are .u$.i$$ed; ! The <1U o)era(in+ %ode is S8P and a MA 8eques( is re,eived .ro% (he <1U6 0R 2 The <1U o)era(in+ %ode is S1P or #TP and 5 Ho TA indo' is ,on.i+ured and 4 The (rain )osi(ion is inva$id or un?no'n and 3 A MA 8eques( is re,eived .ro% (he <1U The .o$$o'in+ dia+ra% in i+ure 59 +ra)hi,a$$ des,ri&es 'ha(s >us( )resen(ed


)igure (&; Triggering 8un5tions 8or Message &; SR AuthoriationF The .o$$o'in+ Ta&$e  sho's (he da(a s(ru,(ure o. (he %essa+e; %

1ariale %ame

1ariale 1alue

5

N!D7MESS#GE

6

6

,7MESS#GE

56

8

T7TR#!N

Ti%eB a,,ordin+ (o (rain&orne ,$o,?B a( 'hi,h %essa+e is sen(

9

M7#:

5

;

N!D7,RBG

1a$ise iden(i( nu%&er o. $as( re$evan( &a$ise +rou) FH*DV1:G

<

=7S#,E

>

?

D7SR

86?
Ta4le =; Message & 2 SR Authoriation

*.'.'.'.'.& Message '; Mo6ement Authority The E8TMS/ETCS (ra,?side su&ss(e% has (o issue (o (he <1U (he Messa+e 5; Move%en( Au(hori(P; !
3
1ariale %ame

1ariale 1alue

5

N!D7MESS#GE

6

,7MESS#GE

8

T7TR#!N

Ti%eB a,,ordin+ (o (rain&orne ,$o,?B a( 'hi,h %essa+e is sen(

9

M7#:

5

;

N!D7,RBG

<

,e$el 648 Mo$ement #uthorit%

?

Gradient *rofile

@

Static Speed *rofile

A

0ptional *ackets

8 !t depends b% 0ptional *ackets

1a$ise iden(i( nu%&er o. $as( re$evan( &a$ise +rou) FH*DV1:G #a,?e( Hu%&er !3 - Trans%ission o. a %ove%en( au(hori( .or $eve$s 2/5 #a,?e( Hu%&er 2! - Trans%ission o. (he +radien( #a,?e( Hu%&er 27 - S(a(i, s)eed )ro.i$e and o)(iona$$ s)eed $i%i(s de)endin+ on (he in(erna(iona$ (rain ,a(e+or

Ta4le >; Message '; Mo6ement Authority

*.'.'.( ERTMS Se5urity This section 3ill be a$ailable soon/


ERTMS ETCS Signalling System MaurizioPalumbo1

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