English - Meeting 12

COURSE MODUL

English 3 GERUND AND INFINITIVE FORMS

Facul Fa culty ty

Progr Pro gram am

Engineering

Civil Engineering

Abstract

Meeng Mee ng

12

Course Cou rse Cod Code e

Compil Com piled ed By

90027

Camelia Chandra M.Kom MM

Competency

Studen Stud ents ts ar are e ab able le to un unde ders rsta tand nd a tex textt ab abou outt Students able to understand about Gerund and Health Infinitive Forms

Direction: 

Read the promotional letter and choose the gerund or infinitive that correctly completes the sentences. Madison Health and Racquet lub !"#! Madison $venue %ast& Miami Florida.

Hello' (o you en)oy *!+ *to play,palying+ tennis& squash& racquetballould you li/e *#+ *to attend,attending+ aerobics& tai chi and yoga classes0i/e most health conscious people& you have probably considered *1+ *to become,becoming+ a member of a fitness club& but have put off *"+ *to ta/e,ta/ing+ the first step because the fees 2ere so high. 3ut imagine *4+ *to be,being+ a member 2ithout having to pay outrageous price' ith Madison5s ne2 me membership rate& you can afford *6+ *to )oin,)oining+ a state of the art health club. 7ou can choose *8+ *to 2or/ out,2or/ing out+ any day of the 2ee/ bet2een 6am and !! pm and 2ith over !99 machines& you 2ill avoid *:+ *to 2ait,2aiting+ in line. If you decide to *;+* to sign,signing+ up 2ithin t2o 2ee/s of receiving this offer& 2e promise *!9+ *to extend,extending+ your annual membership by one month. $ct

Infinitives, Gerunds & Participles

Infinitives

Form  Infnitve

Examples

 Actve

o see

I hope o see o! again. "e promised no o see he girl.

 #assive

o $e seen

%!ch disg!stng scenes are no o $e seen here.

&orm

-

'he infnitve is he (orm o( he ver$ )*' changed (or person+ n!m$er or ense. I is !s!all inrod!ced ,ih o. 'he negatve is (ormed $ p!-ng no $e(ore he infnitve.

Usage 'he oinfnitve is !sed

Examples

 /. as s!$ec.

'o fnd (a!l is eas.

2. as o$ec.

"e re(!sed o pa he $ill.

 1. aer a no!n.

'here is a lo o( ,or3 o do4o $e done oda.

 5. aer an adectve.

%he ,as happ o ,in he pri6e.

 . aer a 8!eston ,ord.

I don 3no, ,ha o do.

:. aer he ver$ o $e.

%he is o see her class eacher aer school.

 7. aer cerain ver$s.

"e ,ans o $ecome a la,er.

;. aer oo4eno!gh consr!ctons.

"e has go eno!gh mone o live on.

 9. ,ih onl o express disappoinmen.

%he came in onl o fnd her $o(riend had le.

/0. in expressions< o $egin ,ih4$e hones

'o ell he r!h+ I don li3e him.

Bare infinitives Form  'he infnitve is !sed ,iho! o aer cerain ver$s.

Usage  'he $are infnitve is !sed

Examples

 /. aer he ver$s do+ does and did.

"e did no ,rie do,n he ans,er.

 2. aer modal ver$scan+co!ld+sho!ld+,ill =

>o! can leave no, i( o! ,an.

 1. aer percepton ver$ssee+hear+smell+(eel..

I sa, 'om r!n o! o( he $an3.

5. aer le and ma3e.

 'he made him pa (or he damage.

?passive @ oinfnitve

 "e ,as made o pa (or he damage.

. aer ,o!ld raher+ had $eBer.

I ,o!ld raher no go o! onigh.  I had $eBer sa a home.

 :. aer excep+canno $!+ can do nohing $!.

e co!ld do nohing excep4 $! ,ai.

Gerunds

Form  Der!nds

Examples

 Actve

seeing

%eeing is no $elieving.

 #assive

$eing seen

%he does no mind $eing seen o ,or3 in he resa!ran.

&orm

-

'he ger!nd is a ver$ ending in  ing. I  acs as a no!n. 'he negatve is (ormed $ adding no $e(ore he ger!nd.

Usage 'he ger!nd is !sed

Examples

/. as a no!n  s!$ec4 o$ec.

Feading is (!n. >o!r car needs ,ashing.

 2. aer prepositons.

'he child is (ond o( plaing chess.

 1. aer cerain ver$s< spend+ ,ase+ avoid =

"e spends his (ree tme digging he garden.

5. aer possessive adectves4 no!n@ s.

Go o! mind m oining o! on he ripH

 . aer go @ ver$ing ?actvites

es go shopping4 s,imming4 camping.

 :. aer $e $!s4 ,orh.

"e is $!s doing exercise. I is ,orh seeing.

 7. aer cerain phrases<

 I loo3 (or,ard o seeing o! soon.

loo3 (or,ard o4 devoed o4 o$eced o4

 I am no !sed o going o $ed lae.

consen o4 !sed o4 acc!somed o=

 "e o$eced o p!lling do,n he old ho!se.

 ;. aer cerain expressions< Is no !se4good='heres no4no poin in.. Is a ,ase o( tme4mone= have diJc!l?in 4can help  as4 li3e4 han

I is no !se cring over spil mil3.  'here is no o3ing a$o! his maBer.  I is a ,ase o( tme plaing online games.  I can help la!ghing.  I ,as li3e $eing in he deser  so 8!ie

Verb + to-infnive or –ing?

Usage /. 'he oinfnitve and he ger!nd are !sed aer cerain ver$s.  'he to-infnive is !sed aer cerain ver$s<

'he gerund is !sed aer cerain ver$s<

 aLord+ agree+ appear+ as3+ aBemp+ decide+

admi+ antcipae+ appreciae+ avoid+ consider+

 expec+ (ail+ hope+ learn+ manage+ oLer+ plan+

 dela+ disc!ss+ eno+ escape+ exc!se+

prepare+ preend+ promise+ re(!se+ seem+

 (anc+ fnish+ (orgive+ imagine+ involve+ 3eep

hreaen+ ,an+ ,ish =

 menton+ mind+ miss+ o$ec o+ practse+  preven+ pospone+ 8!i+ recall+ repor+ resen+

e.g. He ofered to help us.

 resis+ ris3+ save+ sand+ s!gges+ olerae =

e.g. We should avoid making mistakes.

2. Eiher he oinfnitve or ger!nd can $e !sed aer cerain ver$s ,ih no diLerence in meaning. advise+ allo,+ $egin+ $oher+ can $ear+ contn!e+ enco!rage+ hae+ inend+ li3e+ love+ permi+  pre(er+ propose+ recommend+ re8!ire+ sar ...

e.g. We started to do/ doing our summer homework.

1. er$s a3ing oinfnitves or ger!nds have a change in meaning.

 er$s a3ing to-infnives

 er$s a3ing gerunds

/. (orge< (orge o do sh

/. (orge< (orge a pas even

e.g. Im sorr+ I (orgo o loc3 he car.  2. remem$er< remem$er o do sh e.g. Femem$er o read he insr!ctons.  1. mean< inend o e.g. "e means o move o )e, >or3. 5. r< do ones $esN aBemp e.g. %he ried hard o cope ,ih her o$.  . sop< pa!se emporaril

e.g. ell never (orge visitng #aris.  2. remem$er< recall a pas even e.g. I don remem$er meetng Ali $e(ore.  1. mean< involve e.g. ove means sharing.  5. r< do sh as an experimen e.g. 'r adding more sa!ce o o!r pasa. . sop< fnishN cease

e.g. "e sopped o $! a gi on his ,a.  :. regre< $e sorr o e.g. I regre o ell o! ha o!ve (ailed.  7. $e sorr< (eel sad e.g. Im sorr o hear he $ad ne,s.  ;. hae< hae ,ha one is a$o! o do e.g. I hae o inerr!p+ $! I m!s do so.  9. $e a(raid< oo (righened o do sh e.g. Im a(raid o ,al3 over ha $ridge. /0. ,o!ld pre(er4love4li3e< specifc pre(erence e.g. I Od pre(er4li3e o see he manager. //. ,an4need< ,ish4 have o e.g. I ,an4need o fnd a $eBer o$. /2. go< acton e.g. "e ,en o see his sic3 grandparens. /1. go on< fnish doing sh P sar o do sh e.g. Aer sleeping+ she ,en on o s!d.

e.g. %op al3ing o each oher+ please  :. regre< (eel sorr (or ,ha ,eve done e.g. I regre elling lies. 7. $e sorr (or< apologise e.g. Im sorr (or $eing lae.  ;. hae< (eel sorr (or ,ha one is doing e.g. I hae ma3ing o! (eel !ncom(ora$le. 9. $e a(raid o(< a(raid ha sh ma happen e.g. %he is a(raid o( $eing oo (a. /0. pre(er4love4li3e< in general e.g. I pre(er4love ,aching '. //. ,an4 need< sh needs o $e done e.g. >o!r dress ,ans4needs cleaning. /2. go< (or actvites e.g. e oen go shopping4 hi3ing. /1. go on< contn!e e.g. %he goes on doing exercise.

ote

/. I sa, Ken s,im. I spen him an ho!r. ?I sa, he ,hole acton (rom $eginning o end. I sa, Ken s,imming. ? I sa, par o( he acton. I didn ,ai !ntl he had fnished. 2. 'he eacher doesn allo, !s o ea in class. ?o$ec @ oinfnitve e are no allo,ed o ea in class. ?passive (orm @ oinfnitve 'he eacher doesn  allo, eatng in class. ?ver$ @ ger!nd

Participles

Form &orm

Qsage

Examples

#resen partciple ?ver$@ing

 ell ,ha s$d4sh is

  'he flm ,as an excitng.

  $eing actve

  'he $!rning candle ,as mine.

 ell ho, s$d (eel

  'he s!dens ,ere excied.

  $eing passive

  'he $!rn candle ,as mine.

 #as partciple ?ver$@ed

Sentence Transormation /a.

Griving (as is dangero!s.

 $.

I is dangero!s o drive (as.

2a.

I pre(er driving o Ring.

$. I pre(er o drive raher ?han R. 1a. 'he made him admi his g!il.  $. "e ,as made o admi his g!il. 5a.

'he le him ener he $!ilding.

$. 'he allo,ed him o ener he $!ilding. a. %he ,as oo inexperienced o ge he o$. $. %he ,asn experienced eno!gh o ge he o$. :a. e ,ere ineresed in he lec!re. $. 'he lec!re ,as inerestng o !s. 7a. Co!ld o! clean !p he roomH $. Go4o!ld o! mind cleaning !p he roomH c. o!ld o! $e so 3ind as o clean !p he roomH ;a. I ,as diJc!l (or him o do he cross,ord. $. "e had diJc!l ?in doing he cross,ord. c. "e (o!nd i diJc!l o do he cross,ord. d. "e co!ld hardl do he cross,ord. 9a. I oo3 her an ho!r o prepare he meal.

$. %he oo3 an ho!r o prepare he meal. c. #reparing he meal oo3 her an ho!r. d. %he spen an ho!r preparing he meal.