Çengel - Thermodynamics (An Engineering Approach) 8th Ed (TABELAS).pdf

PROP ERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS)

Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table

A–1 A–2 A–3 A–4 A–5 A–6 A–7 A–8

Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 898 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 899 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods 902 Saturated water—T water—Temperature emperature table 904 Saturated water—Pressure table 906 Superheated water 908 Compressed liquid water 912 Saturated ice–water vapor 913

APPENDIX

1

898 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical2point properties

Substance

Formula

Air — Ammonia NH3 Argon Ar Benzene C6H6 Bromine Br2 n 2Butane C4H10 Carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon monoxide CO Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 Chlorine Cl2 Chloroform CHCl3 Dichlorodifluoromethane (R212) CCl2F2 Dichlorofluoromethane (R221) CHCl2F Ethane C2H6 Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH Ethylene C2H4 Helium He n 2Hexane C6H14 Hydrogen (normal) H2

Molar mass, kg/kmol M kg/kmol 28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.070 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.179 2.016

Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K* 0.2870 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1889 0.2968 0.05405 0.1173 0.06964 0.06876 0.08078 0.2765 0.1805 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240

Critical-point properties

Temperature, K 132.5 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 304.2 133 556.4 417 536.6 384.7 451.7 305.5 516 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3

Pressure, MPa

Volume, m3 /kmol

3.77 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.39 3.50 4.56 7.71 5.47 4.01 5.17 4.48 6.38 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30

0.0883 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.0943 0.0930 0.2759 0.1242 0.2403 0.2179 0.1973 0.1480 0.1673 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649

899 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 300 K Gas

Formula

Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam

— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O

Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2968 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615

c p kJ/kg·K

1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.040 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723

c kJ/kg·K v

0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 0.744 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108

Note: The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kJ/kg· 8C. Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3rd ed . (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000).

k

1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.400 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327


TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures

Temperature, K 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000

c p kJ/kg·K

c kJ/kg·K v

k

Air

1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142

0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855

c p kJ/kg·K

14.051 14.307

9.927 10.183

v

k

Carbon dioxide, CO 2

1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336

0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234

Hydrogen, H 2

250 300

c kJ/kg·K

0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045

1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181

c p kJ/kg·K

1.039 1.039

0.742 0.743

v

k

Carbon monoxide, CO

1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185

Nitrogen, N 2

1.416 1.405

c kJ/kg·K

0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888

1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335

Oxygen, O 2

1.400 1.400

0.913 0.918

0.653 0.658

1.398 1.395

901 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature _ c p 5 a 1 bT 1 cT 2 1 dT 3 (T in K, c p in kJ/kmol·K)

Substance

Formula

Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur dioxide

a

b

c

N2 O2 — H2

28.90 25.48 28.11 29.11

20.1571 3 10 2

CO

28.16

0.1675

CO2 H2O NO N2O

22.26 32.24 29.34 24.11

5.981 0.1923 20.09395 5.8632

NO2 NH3 S2

22.9 27.568 27.21

SO2

25.78

2

1.520 0.1967 20.1916

0.8081 20.7155 0.4802 0.4003

3 10 22

0.5372

3 10

22

3 10

22

3 10

22

2 3 10 2

3 10

22

22 3 10 3 10 22

5.715 2.5630 2.218

3 10

22

3 10

22

3 10

22

5.795

3 10

22

d 5

9

3 10 2 3 10

25

3 10

25

3 10

25

22.873 3 10 2

3 10 25

2 23.501 3 10 5 25

1.055 3 10 0.9747 3 1025 23.562 3 10 25 23.52 3 10

0.99072 21.628

% error Temperature range, K Max. Avg.

25

3 10

25

3 10

25

23.812 3 10

25

2 3 10 9

273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800

0.59 1.19 0.72 1.01

0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26

22.222 3 10 29

273–1800

0.89

0.37

2 3 10 9

273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500

0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59

0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26

273–1500 273–1500 273–1800

0.46 0.91 0.99

0.18 0.36 0.38

273–1800

0.45

0.24

1.312 21.966 20.8704

7.469 23.595 24.187 10.58

3 10

29

3 10

29

2 3 10 9

3 10

29

3 10 29

7.87 26.6909 3.986

3 10

29

3 10

29

3 10

29

8.612

3 10

29


TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm

Substance Ammonia

Normal boiling point, 8C 233.3

Latent heat of vaporization h fg , kJ/kg 1357

Freezing data

Freezing point, 8C 277.7

Latent heat of fusion h if , kJ/kg 322.4

Liquid properties

Temperature, 8C 233.3 220

Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n 2Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen

2185.9

80.2 103.9 20.5 278.4* 78.2 78.6 198.1 179.9 2268.9 2252.8

161.6 394 — 385.2 230.5 (at 08C) 838.3 855 800.1 974 22.8 445.7

2189.3

5.5 217.4 2138.5

28 126 — 80.3

20.5

109 108 181.1 200.6 — 59.5

0 25 20 20 20 2268.9 2252.8

256.6 2114.2 2156 210.8

18.9 — 2259.2

0 25 2185.6 20 20

Density kg/m3

r ,

682 665 639 602 1394 879 1150 601 298 783 789 1109 1261 146.2 70.7

Specific heat c p , kJ/kg·K 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 3.11 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0

903 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Substance

Density, r kg/m3

Specific heat, c p kJ/kg·K

Metals Aluminum 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 21738C 21008C 2508C 08C 278C 1008C 2008C

Substance

Density, r kg/m3

Specific heat, c p kJ/kg·K

Nonmetals

8,280

0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400

8,310

0.400

2,700

8,900

0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403

Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (5008C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas Fir)

2110 1922 2300 2300 1000 2420 2700 2230 2500 2700 800

0.920 0.79 0.960 0.653 0.920 0.616 0.800 0.840 0.711 1.017 1.09

921 1650 2600 545

1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.909 0.880 1.21


TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg

Temp., T 8C

Sat. press., P sat kPa

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

0.01 5 10 15 20

0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392

25 30 35 40 45

3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953

Internal energy, kJ/kg

v g

Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002

206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762

0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913

2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4

2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3

0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010

43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251

104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43

2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7

2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Sat. liquid, h f

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Sat. Evap., vapor, s fg s g

2500.9 2489.1 2477.2 2465.4 2453.5

2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4

0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965

9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696

9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661

104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44

2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0

2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4

0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386

8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247

8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633 8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540

0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915

50 55 60 65 70

12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202

0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023

12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396

209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04

2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8

2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9

209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07

2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0

2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1

0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551

7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989

75 80 85

38.597 47.416 57.868

0.001026 0.001029 0.001032

4.1291 3.4053 2.8261

313.99 334.97 355.96

2161.3 2146.6 2131.9

2475.3 2481.6 2487.8

314.03 335.02 356.02

2320.6 2308.0 2295.3

2634.6 2643.0 2651.4

1.0158 1.0756 1.1346

6.6655 7.6812 6.5355 7.6111 6.4089 7.5435

905 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg

Temp., T 8C


Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

205 210 215 220 225

1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7

0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199

230 235 240 245 250

2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2

255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290


Sat. vapor, u g

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Sat. liquid, h f

0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405

872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70

1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6

2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3

874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76

0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252

0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085

986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7

1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1

2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8

4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4

0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317

0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767

1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9

1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4

6416.6 6914.6 7441.8

0.001333 0.001349 0.001366

0.030153 0.027756 0.025554

1228.2 1253.7 1279.7

1358.2 1328.1 1296.9

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Sat. Evap., vapor, s fg s g

1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4

2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2

2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639

4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844

6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483

990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7

1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3

2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0

2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933

3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788

6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721

2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3

1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7

1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5

2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2

2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221

3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723

6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944

2586.4 2581.8 2576.5

1236.7 1263.1 1289.8

1543.2 1510.7 1476.9

2779.9 2773.7 2766.7

3.0681 3.1144 3.1608

2.7898 5.8579 2.7066 5.8210 2.6225 5.7834

Evap., h fg


TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg

Press., P kPa

Sat. temp., T sat 8C

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g


Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Sat. liquid, h f

Evap., h fg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08

0.001000 129.19 0.001001 87.964 0.001001 66.990 0.001002 54.242 0.001003 45.654

29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98

2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9

2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9

29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98

2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9

2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8

0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543

8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222

8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765

4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15

28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97

0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014

121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93

2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1

2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0

121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94

2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3

2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3

0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549

8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522

8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071

20 25 30 40 50

60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32

0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030

7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403

251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49

2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7

2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2

251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54

2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7

2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2

0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912

7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019

7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931

75 100

91.76 99.61

0.001037 0.001043

2.2172 1.6941

384.36 417.40

2111.8 2088.2

2496.1 2505.6

384.44 417.51

2278.0 2257.5

2662.4 1.2132 6.2426 7.4558 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 7.3589

34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020

907 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg

Sat. temp., T sat 8C

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

800 850 900 950 1000

170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88

0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29

1750 2000 2250 2500 3000 3500 4000

Press., P kPa


Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. liquid, h f

0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436

719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39

1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4

2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8

720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51

2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6

2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1

2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381

4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470

6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850

0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154

0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171

779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82

1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6

2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4

781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55

1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4

2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0

2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143

4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287

6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430

205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85

0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217

0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6

1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5

2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3

1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9

2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2

2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454

4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402

6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856

242.56 250.35

0.001235 0.001252

0.057061 1045.4 0.049779 1082.4

1557.6 1519.3

2603.0 1049.7 2601.7 1087.4

1753.0 1713.5

2802.7 2.7253 3.3991 6.1244 2800.8 2.7966 3.2731 6.0696

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g


TABLE A–6 Superheated water T 8C

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P †

Sat. 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604 P

Sat. 150

5

s kJ/kg·K

0.01 MPa (45.818C)* 2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4

5

h kJ/kg

2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4

8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857

0.20 MPa (120.218C)

0.88578 2529.1 2706.3 0.95986 2577.1 2769.1

7.1270 7.2810

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

5

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

0.05 MPa (81.328C) 2483.2

2645.2

7.5931

3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209

2511 .5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3

2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3

7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429

P

5

0.30 MPa (133.528C)

0.60582 2543.2 0.63402 2571.0

2724.9 2761.2

3

m /kg P

3.2403

6.9917 7.0792

u kJ/kg

v

5

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

0.10 MPa (99.618C)

1.6941 2505.6

2675.0

1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605

2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229

P

5

2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2

7.3589

0.40 MPa (143.618C)

0.46242 2553.1 0.47088 2564.4

2738.1 2752.8

6.8955 6.9306

909 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8C

3

m /kg P

Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

5

0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610 P

Sat. 225 250 300

u kJ/kg

v

5

0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg?K

1.00 MPa (179.888C) 2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8

2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9

6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593

1.60 MPa (201.378C) 2594.8 2645.1 2692.9 2781.6

2792.8 2857.8 2919.9 3035.4

6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

5

0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509 P

5

0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

1.20 MPa (187.968C) 2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5

2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6

6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750

1.80 MPa (207.118C) 2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4

2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9

6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

5

0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866 P

5

0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

1.40 MPa (195.048C) 2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1

2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3

6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036

2.00 MPa (212.388C) 2599.1 2628.5 2680.3 2773.2

2798.3 2836.1 2903.3 3024.2

6.3390 6.4160 6.5475 6.7684


TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued ) T 8C

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157 P

Sat. 300 350 400

5

0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742

s kJ/kg·K

4.0 MPa (250.358C)

2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9 5

h kJ/kg

2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2

6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164

6.0 MPa (275.598C) 2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7

2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3

5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

5

0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140 P

0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958

s kJ/kg·K

4.5 MPa (257.448C) 2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1

5

h kJ/kg

2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5

2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2

3

m /kg P

6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616

7.0 MPa (285.838C) 2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5

u kJ/kg

v

0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527 P

5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502

5

5

0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

5.0 MPa (263.948C) 2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3

2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7

5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124

8.0 MPa (295.018C) 2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6

2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4

5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658

911 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8C

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

5

0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469

0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176

s kJ/kg·K

15.0 MPa (342.168C) 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3 P

375 400 425 450

h kJ/kg

5

2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3

5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

5

1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

5

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

20.0 MPa (365.758C)

0.007932

2390.7 2529.5 5.1435

0.005862 2294.8 2412.1

4.9310

0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556

2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2

0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371

5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574

P

4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759

s kJ/kg·K

17.5 MPa (354.678C)

25.0 MPa

1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2

h kJ/kg

0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737

5

2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5

5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215

30.0 MPa

1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9

1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0

2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2 P

3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422

0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957

5

2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7

35.0 MPa

1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5

1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0

3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946


TABLE A–7 Compressed liquid water T 8C

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

5

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

5 MPa (263.948C)

0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9

P

5

20 MPa (365.758C)

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841

5

0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

10 MPa (311.008C) 1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4

P

5

1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3

30 MPa

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg P

3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488

5

0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

15 MPa (342.168C) 1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9

P

5

1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4

50 MPa

3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555

913 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–8 Saturated ice–water vapor Specific volume, m3 /kg

Temp., T 8C


Sat. ice,

Sat. vapor,

v i

v g

0.01 0 22 24 26 28 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 34

0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490

0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085

205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4


Sat. ice, u i 2333.40 2333.43 2337.63 2341.80 2345.94 2350.04 2354.12 2358.17 2362.18 2366.17 2370.13 2374.06 2377.95 2381.82 2385.66 2389.47 2393.25 2397.00

400.72

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Subl., u ig

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. ice, h i

2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1

2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4

2333.40 2333.43 2337.63 2341.80 2345.93 2350.04 2354.12 2358.17 2362.18 2366.17 2370.13 2374.06 2377.95 2381.82 2385.66 2389.47 2393.25 2397.00

400.72

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Subl., h ig

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. ice, s i

2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5

2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7

21.2202 21.2204 21.2358 21.2513 21.2667 21.2821 21.2976 21.3130 21.3284 21.3439 21.3593 21.3748 21.3903 21.4057 21.4212 21.4367 21.4521 21.4676

1.4831

Subl., s ig

Sat. vapor, s g

10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869

9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386

0 1200

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 0 0 5

0 0 5 5

h = 5000 kJ/kg

10 1200

5000 45 00

1100

4900

1100

4800

1000

h = 420 0 k J / k g

3

900

38 00 36 00

0 3 0 0

280 0

4300 4200

h

=

2 0 00 0

1 8 0

400 0 0 1 4

300

200

1

1 0 0

100

0 % 0 = 18 i t y 0 % 0 l a u 2 0 Q

h

6

=

0

2 0 0

% 0 3

0

1 6 0 0

% 0 4

5 0 %

0

4

0

1 8 0 0

0

2 0

0 0

6 0 %

k

2 0 0

8 6

0

2 4 0 0

7 0 %

J

4 3

= 2 6 0 0 k

3600 3500

3

m / g k 3 . 0

3

/ m g k 3 0 . 3200 0

3300 3

m / g k 1 . 0

/ m g k 1 0 . 0 3000 = y t i s 2900 e n D

3100

2650 h = 2600 kJ/kg

8 0 %

4

5 Entropy, kJ/kg·K

6

2550

7

8

300

200

2800

g

3

400 3

5 8 2 1 8 6 4 3 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 . 0 . . 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0.

J / k g

k

2

500

3400

3

. 0 2 1 5 1.

/

1

600

3700 3

5 1 8 . 3 2 1 . 6 . 4 0 0 0 0. 0 . 0 . 0 .

h

2 2 0

3

0 2 5 0 1 1

o r

1 4 0

3800

/m g k 1

0 4 0 3

700

3900

/m g k 3

S a t u r a t e d v a p

d u i i q 0 0 d l 1 2 a t e r t u 0 0 S a 1 0

4000 3

/m g k 0 1

0 1 0 8 0 0 6

0 1 6 0

4100

/m g k 0 3

0 8 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 5 0 3 0 0 2 5 0 2 0 0 1 5

k g 0 k J / 2 2 0

800

3

/m g k 0 0 1

0 0 0 1

240 0

900

4400

0 5 1

260 0

500

0 0

3

/m g k 0 0 3

0 0 5 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 2

700

C ° , e r u t a600 r e p m e T

1000

4600 4500

r a b 34 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 5 32 00 0 0 2 0 = 1 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 P

800

4700

40 00

m / g k = y t s i n e D

9

FIGURE A–9 T-s diagram for water. Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984 .

100

6 0 0 0 4 3 2 0 0 0. 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 0.

0 10

P R O P E R T Y T A B L 9 E 1 4 S A N D C H A R T S

S o u r c e o f D a t a : F r o m N B S / N R C S t e a m T a b l e s / 1 b y L e s t er H a a ,r J o h n S . G a l l a g h er , a n d G e o r g e S . K e l l . R o u t l e d g e / T a y l o r & F r a n c i s B o o k s , I n c . , 1 9 8 4 .

M F I o G U l l i R e r E d A i -1 a g 0 r a m f o r w a t e .r

1 0 0 0 2

Enthalpy, kJ/kg 3 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

= T 3 0 0 ° C

5 0 0 0

2

P = 3 0 0 0 0 b a r 4 0 0 ° C

3

3

2 5 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 ° C % 0 4

4

6 0 0 ° C

4 % 2 4 % 4

4 6 % 4 8 %

1 0 0 0 0 8 00 0 6 00 5 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 5 0 8 0 0 1 0 00 00 6 0 4 0 00 5 0 0

0 5 % 2 5 %

5 E n t r o p y , 6 k J / k g · K

4 5 % 6 5 %

8 5 % 6 0 % 6 2 % 6 4 % 6 6 % 6 8 % 0 7 % 2 7 % 4 7 % 6 7 % 8 7 % 8 0 % 2 8 %

3 0 2 0 0 0 8 0 1 5 0 1 0 6 0 0 4 0 5 0 3 0 2 0

Q 8 u 4 a % l 8 i t 6 y % 8 = 8 %

7

8 6 4

9 0

9 % 2 % 9 4 %

9 6 % 9 8 %

8

1 5 1 0

4

7 0 ° 0 C

D en s i

t y = 1 0

00 k g

8 0 ° 0 C

/ m 3 9 0 ° 0 C

1 1 0 ° 0 C

1 00 k g / m 3

6 T

= 1 1 0 0 ° C

1 0 k g / m 3

5 3 2 0 1 .5 . 8 0 . 6 1 .0 0 . 4

7

1 k g / m 3

8

4 0 0 . 0 . 0 5 2 0 .

0 .1 k g / 3 m

0

3 0 . 0 1 P 0 5 = . 0 0 1

. 0 0 8 b a r

2 0 0 0

5

1 0 0 ° 0 C

0 . 3 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 . 1 . 0 8 5 0 6 0 . 1 . 0

9

1 0 1 0 0 0

1 5 0 00

9 D e n s i t y

= 0

3 0 0 0

.0 1 k g / m 3

4 0 0 0

1 5 0 0 0 0

A P P E 9 N 1 D 5 I X 1


TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. Temp., press., T 8C P sat kPa

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

240

0.0007053 0.0007082 0.0007111 0.0007141 0.0007171 0.0007201 0.0007232 0.0007264 0.0007296 0.0007328 0.0007361 0.0007394 0.0007428 0.0007463 0.0007498 0.0007533 0.0007570 0.0007607 0 0007644

0.36064 0.32718 0.29740 0.27082 0.24706 0.22577 0.20666 0.18947 0.17398 0.15999 0.14735 0.13589 0.12550 0.11605 0.10744 0.099600 0.092438 0.085888 0 079889

238 236 234 232 230 228 226 224 222 220 218 216 214 212 210 28 26 24

51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71 84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72 132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37 200.74 217.08 234.44 252 85

Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, u f 20.036

2.472 4.987 7.509 10.04 12.58 15.12 17.67 20.23 22.80 25.37 27.96 30.55 33.15 35.76 38.38 41.01 43.64 46 29

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

207.42 207.38 206.06 208.53 204.69 209.68 203.32 210.83 201.94 211.97 200.55 213.12 199.15 214.27 197.75 215.42 196.34 216.57 194.92 217.71 193.49 218.86 192.05 220.00 190.60 221.15 189.14 222.29 187.66 223.42 186.18 224.56 184.69 225.69 183.18 226.82 181 66 227 94

Enthalpy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, h f 0.00 2.512 5.032 7.559 10.09 12.64 15.19 17.75 20.31 22.89 25.47 28.07 30.67 33.28 35.90 38.53 41.17 43.82 46 48

Evap., h fg 225.86 224.62 223.37 222.10 220.83 219.55 218.25 216.95 215.63 214.30 212.96 211.60 210.23 208.84 207.44 206.02 204.59 203.14 201 66

Entropy, kJ/kg∙K Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

225.86 227.13 228.40 229.66 230.93 232.19 233.44 234.70 235.94 237.19 238.43 239.67 240.90 242.12 243.34 244.55 245.76 246.95 248 14

0.00000 0.01071 0.02137 0.03196 0.04249 0.05297 0.06339 0.07376 0.08408 0.09435 0.10456 0.11473 0.12486 0.13493 0.14497 0.15496 0.16491 0.17482 0 18469

0.96869 0.95516 0.94182 0.92867 0.91569 0.90289 0.89024 0.87776 0.86542 0.85323 0.84119 0.82927 0.81749 0.80583 0.79429 0.78286 0.77154 0.76033 0 74921

0.96869 0.96588 0.96319 0.96063 0.95819 0.95586 0.95364 0.95152 0.94950 0.94758 0.94575 0.94401 0.94234 0.94076 0.93925 0.93782 0.93645 0.93514 0 93390

917 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. Temp., press., T 8C P sat kPa

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

46 48 52 56 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0008924 0.0008997 0.0009151 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009751 0.0010037 0.0010373 0.0010774 0.0011273 0.0011938 0.0012945 0.0015269

0.016866 0.015951 0.014276 0.012782 0.011434 0.009959 0.008650 0.007486 0.006439 0.005484 0.004591 0.003713 0.002657

1191.0 1253.6 1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8 2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1

Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, u f 116.28 119.28 125.35 131.52 137.79 145.80 154.03 162.55 171.43 180.81 190.94 202.49 218.73

Evap., u fg 137.43 135.30 130.89 126.29 121.45 115.06 108.17 100.62 92.22 82.64 71.19 56.25 29.72

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. liquid, h f

253.71 254.58 256.24 257.81 259.23 260.86 262.20 263.17 263.66 263.45 262.13 258.73 248.46

117.34 120.41 126.62 132.94 139.38 147.64 156.15 165.01 174.27 184.11 194.82 207.14 224.80

Evap., h fg 156.46 154.17 149.41 144.41 139.09 132.05 124.37 115.87 106.35 95.39 82.22 64.94 34.22

Entropy, kJ/kg∙K Sat. vapor, h g 273.80 274.57 276.03 277.35 278.47 279.69 280.52 280.88 280.63 279.51 277.04 272.08 259.02

Sat. liquid, s f 0.42311 0.43251 0.45136 0.47028 0.48930 0.51330 0.53763 0.56252 0.58812 0.61487 0.64354 0.67605 0.72224

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

0.49020 0.48001 0.45948 0.43870 0.41746 0.39048 0.36239 0.33279 0.30113 0.26632 0.22638 0.17638 0.09169

0.91331 0.91252 0.91084 0.90898 0.90676 0.90379 0.90002 0.89531 0.88925 0.88120 0.86991 0.85243 0.81393

Source of Data: Tables A211 through A213 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner2Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 2408C (and 2408F).


TABLE A–12 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg Press., Sat. P temp., T sat 8C kPa 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 280 320 360 400 450 500 550 600

236.95 233.87 231.13 228.65 226.37 222.32 218.77 215.60 212.73 210.09 25.38 21.25

2.46 5.82 8.91 12.46 15.71 18.73 21 55

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

0.0007097 0.0007143 0.0007184 0.0007222 0.0007258 0.0007323 0.0007381 0.0007435 0.0007485 0.0007532 0.0007618 0.0007697 0.0007771 0.0007840 0.0007905 0.0007983 0.0008058 0.0008129 0 0008198

0.31108 0.26921 0.23749 0.21261 0.19255 0.16216 0.14020 0.12355 0.11049 0.099951 0.083983 0.072434 0.063681 0.056809 0.051266 0.045677 0.041168 0.037452 0 034335

Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, u f 3.795 7.672 11.14 14.30 17.19 22.38 26.96 31.06 34.81 38.26 44.46 49.95 54.90 59.42 63.61 68.44 72.92 77.09 81 01

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

205.34 203.23 201.33 199.60 198.01 195.15 192.60 190.31 188.20 186.25 182.71 179.54 176.65 173.99 171.49 168.58 165.86 163.29 160 84

209.13 210.90 212.48 213.90 215.21 217.53 219.56 221.37 223.01 224.51 227.17 229.49 231.55 233.41 235.10 237.03 238.77 240.38 241 86

Enthalpy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, h f 3.837 7.722 11.20 14.36 17.27 22.47 27.06 31.18 34.94 38.41 44.64 50.16 55.14 59.70 63.92 68.80 73.32 77.54 81 50

Evap., h fg 223.96 222.02 220.27 218.67 217.19 214.52 212.13 209.96 207.95 206.09 202.68 199.61 196.78 194.15 191.68 188.78 186.04 183.44 180 95

Entropy, kJ/kg∙K Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

227.80 229.74 231.47 233.04 234.46 236.99 239.19 241.14 242.90 244.50 247.32 249.77 251.93 253.86 255.61 257.58 259.36 260.98 262 46

0.01633 0.03264 0.04707 0.06003 0.07182 0.09269 0.11080 0.12686 0.14131 0.15449 0.17786 0.19822 0.21631 0.23265 0.24757 0.26462 0.28021 0.29460 0 30799

0.94812 0.92783 0.91009 0.89431 0.88008 0.85520 0.83387 0.81517 0.79848 0.78339 0.75689 0.73406 0.71395 0.69591 0.67954 0.66093 0.64399 0.62842 0 61398

0.96445 0.96047 0.95716 0.95434 0.95191 0.94789 0.94467 0.94202 0.93979 0.93788 0.93475 0.93228 0.93026 0.92856 0.92711 0.92555 0.92420 0.92302 0 92196

919 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a T 8C

v

m3 /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

P 5 0.06 MPa (T sat 5

Sat. 220 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.31108 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410

209.13 220.62 227.57 234.67 241.94 249.37 256.97 264.73 272.66 280.75 289.01 297.43 306.02 314.76

Sat. 210 0 10 20

0.11049 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748

223.01 225.04 232.49 240.02 247.66

236.958C)

227.80 240.78 248.60 256.56 264.68 272.95 281.39 289.99 298.75 307.68 316.77 326.02 335.43 345.01

P 5 0.18 MPa (T sat

s kJ/kg·K

0.9645 1.0175 1.0478 1.0775 1.1067 1.1354 1.1637 1.1916 1.2192 1.2464 1.2732 1.2998 1.3261 1.3521

5 212.738C)

242.90 245.18 253.59 262.05 270.60

0.9398 0.9485 0.9799 1.0103 1.0400

v

m3 /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

P 5 0.10 MPa (T sat

0.19255 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138

215.21 219.68 226.77 233.97 241.32 248.81 256.46 264.27 272.24 280.36 288.65 297.10 305.71 314.48

0.09995 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418

224.51 224.57 232.11 239.69 247.36

5 226.378C)

234.46 239.52 247.51 255.60 263.82 272.18 280.69 289.36 298.17 307.15 316.28 325.57 335.01 344.61

P 5 0.20 MPa (T sat

s kJ/kg·K

0.9519 0.9721 1.0031 1.0333 1.0628 1.0919 1.1204 1.1485 1.1762 1.2036 1.2306 1.2573 1.2836 1.3097

5 210.098C)

244.50 244.56 253.07 261.60 270.20

0.9379 0.9381 0.9699 1.0005 1.0304

v

m3 /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

P 5 0.14 MPa (T sat

s kJ/kg·K

5 218.778C)

0.14020

219.56

239.19

0.9447

0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449

225.93 233.25 240.68 248.24 255.95 263.80 271.81 279.97 288.29 296.77 305.40 314.19

246.37 254.61 262.95 271.40 279.99 288.72 297.59 306.61 315.78 325.11 334.59 344.22

0.9724 1.0032 1.0331 1.0625 1.0913 1.1196 1.1475 1.1750 1.2021 1.2289 1.2554 1.2815

P 5 0.24 MPa (T sat

5 25.388C)

0.08398

227.17

247.32

0.9348

0.08617 0.09026 0.09423

231.30 239.00 246.76

251.98 260.66 269.38

0.9520 0.9832 1.0134


TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded ) T 8C

v

m3 /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

P 5 0.50 MPa (T sat

Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

0.041168 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775

238.77 242.42 250.86 259.27 267.73 276.27 284.91 293.65 302.52 311.52 320.65 329.91 339.31 348.85 358.52 368.34

Sat. 40 50

0.025645 0.027035 0.028547

246.82 254.84 263.87

5 15.718C)

259.36 263.48 273.03 282.50 291.98 301.51 311.12 320.82 330.63 340.55 350.59 360.75 371.05 381.47 392.04 402.73

P 5 0.80 MPa (T sat

s kJ/kg·K

0.9242 0.9384 0.9704 1.0011 1.0309 1.0600 1.0884 1.1163 1.1436 1.1706 1.1971 1.2233 1.2492 1.2747 1.3000 1.3250

5 31.318C)

267.34 0.9185 276.46 0.9481 286.71 0.9803

v

m3 /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.60 MPa (T sat 5 21.558C)

v

m3 /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

P 5 0.70 MPa (T sat

s kJ/kg·K

5 26.698C)

0.034335 241.86

262.46 0.9220

0.029392 244.51

265.08 0.9201

0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006

270.83 280.60 290.30 300.00 309.75 319.57 329.48 339.49 349.61 359.84 370.20 380.68 391.29 402.03

0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597

268.47 278.59 288.54 298.44 308.34 318.29 328.31 338.41 348.61 358.92 369.34 379.88 390.54 401.32

249.24 257.88 266.50 275.17 283.91 292.74 301.69 310.75 319.93 329.24 338.69 348.26 357.98 367.83

P 5 0.90 MPa (T sat

0.022686 248.82 0.023375 253.15 0.024809 262.46

0.9500 0.9817 1.0122 1.0417 1.0706 1.0988 1.1265 1.1536 1.1804 1.2068 1.2328 1.2585 1.2838 1.3089

5 35.518C)

269.25 0.9169 274.19 0.9328 284.79 0.9661

247.49 256.41 265.22 274.03 282.88 291.81 300.84 309.96 319.21 328.57 338.06 347.67 357.42 367.31

P 5 1.00 MPa (T sat

0.020319 0.020406 0.021796

0.9314 0.9642 0.9955 1.0257 1.0550 1.0835 1.1115 1.1389 1.1659 1.1925 1.2186 1.2445 1.2700 1.2952

5 39.378C)

250.71 271.04 0.9157 251.32 271.73 0.9180 260.96 282.76 0.9526

S o u r c e o f D a t a : A m er i c a n S o c i e t y o f H e a t i n g , R e f r i g er a t i n g , a n d A i r C o n d i t i o n i n g E n g i n e er s , I n c . , A t l a n t a , G A .

N o t e : T h e r e f e r e n c e p o i n t u s e d f o r t h e c h a r t i s d i f f e r e n t t h a n t h a t u s e d i n t h e R -1 3 4 a d t a a t a b l e e i s . t h T e h r e f r r e o f m o r e t h , e p r t a o b b l l e e s m o s r s h f r o o m u l d t h b e e s c h o l a r v e t , d b u u s t i n n o g t a f l r l o m p r o b p o e r t h t . y

0 . 0 1 1 0 0

0 . 0 2

0 . 0 4

0 .1

Pressure, MPa 0 .4 1

1 0

4

2

0.64 0 6 –

1 5 0

s at ur a te d l i qu i d s

0.1

R -1 3 4 a

0 4 – 0.80

14 0 0

0.88 0 2 – 0.96

0 .3

13 50

C ° 0 = T

1.04

0 .6

1.28

3 0 0

0 .7

1.36

3 5 0

0 .9

1.20

0 .8

1 0 5 0 1 0 0 0

0 8

1 0 0

1.60

1.76

0

1 .8 4

8 5 0 8 0 0

6 0 0

1 .9 2

60

4 0 0

7 0 0

20 40

3 5 0

9 5 0 9 0 0

1.68

–20

3 0 0

1 1 0 0

1.52

s a tu r a t ed v a p or –40

2 5 0

1 1 5 0 0 6

1.44

4 5 0

5 0 0

2 .0 0

80

5 0 0

2 .0 8

100 120

5 0 0

s

= 2 .1 6 k J / k g · K

140

5 5 0

4 0 0

T = 160∞C

2 .2 4

180

2 . 4 8

D D ee nn ssi yity t h == 22 00 00 k gkg / /m m

220

= 2 . 5 6

2 .4 0

240

6 5 0

260

2 .6 4

2 .4 8 280

2 . 7 2

300

0 0 . 3 .4

0 . 0 2

0 . 6

0 . 8

0 . 0 4

1 .2

1 . 6

2 3 .4 . 2

0 .1

4

0 .2

6

8

0 .4

1 2

1 6

2 4

1

3 2

5 6 7 4 0 0 0 0

2

9 0

4

1 2 0

1 6 0

3

1 0

5 5 0 6 0 0

2 .3 2

200

s

7 5 0 0 . 0 1

1 2 0 0 k g / m 3

0 4

4 E 0 n 0 t h a l p y , 4 k 5 J 0 / k g

7 0 0

12 50

0 2

X = 0 .5

2 0 0

13 00

1.12

2 5 0

6 0 0

1 5 0

145 0

0 .4

P h d i a g r a m f o r r e f r i F g I G e r U a n R E t -1 A 3 – 4 a 1 . 4

2 0 1 0 0

150 0

0.72

0.2

2 0 0

0 .2

6 5 0 3 0 0

7 0 0 7 5 2 0 0

A P P E 9 N 2 D 1 I X 1

922 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (a) Low pressures, 0 < P < 1.0 R

T = 5.00 R

3.00

1.0 0 . 6 0 0

8. 0 0

6. 0 0

5 .0 0

0 .

. 6 7 5 5 .

0.9

4. 0 0 . 5 0 3

0 7

2.00

3. 0 0 0 2. 6 2. 4 0 2 0 2.

1.60

0 2. 0

0

1.40

0 1. 8

0 . 8 0

0

1. 6 5 0 1. 0 1. 4 0 1. 3

0 .8 5

0.8

0 .9 0

– v T P R — = Z , 0.7 R O T C A F Y T I L I B I S S E R P M O C

T = 2.5 R T = 15

NOTE

R

Z 1.00

1.30

0 1. 2

1.2 0

0

1. 1

1.15

0 1. 0

0 0. 9

≈

≈

0 . 9 5

= 3.00 T R

1 .0 5

1.00

Pcr

T REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T = —– R T cr

v

CHART No. 1

20

Z 0.95

0 . 6 0

0 . 6 5

15 0 10 . 7 0

0.90

0.00

= 1 . 0

0.80 v

R

0.4

T

R

0.85 12

PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = ––—––– R RT cr / Pcr

0.05

0.75 0.10

P R

1953

0.3 0.0

2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90

30

REDUCED PRESSURE, P = —– R

7 . = 0

v R

NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS P

0.5

0

0 0. 8

---DEVIATION > 1.0%

0.6

1 .1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5 REDUCED PRESSURE,

0.6 P R

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

923 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–16 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude, m

Temperature, 8C

Pressure, kPa

Gravity g , m/s2

Speed of Sound, m/s

Density, kg/m3

Thermal Conductivity, W/m·K

Viscosity kg/m·s

m,

25

0 200 400 600 800

15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80

101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08

9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804

340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2

1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134

1.789 1.783 1.777 1.771 1.764

3 10

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30

89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49

9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801

336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3

1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027

1.758 1.752 1.745 1.739 1.732

3 102 3 10

25

2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

2.00 0.70 20.59 21.89 23.19

79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92

9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798

332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4

1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928

1.726 1.720 1.713 1.707 1.700

3 10

25

3000 3200 3400

24.49

70.12 68.36 66.63

9.797 9.797 9.796

328.6 327.8 327.0

0.909 0.891 0.872

1.694 1.687 1.681

3 10

25

3 10

25

25.79 27.09

25 3 10 25 3 10 5 3 102 3 10

25

5

25 3 10 3 1025 25 3 10 3 10 25 3 10 25 3 10 5 3 102 25

5 3 102 5

0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250 0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244 0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239 0.0238 0.0237 0.0236


TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air T K

h kJ/kg

P r

u kJ/kg

v r

s 8 kJ/kg·K

T K

h kJ/kg

P r

u kJ/kg

200 210 220 230 240

199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02

0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355

142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13

1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0

1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824

580 590 600 610 620

586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07

14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36

419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09

115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92

2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356

250 260 270 280 285

250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14

0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584

178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33

979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1

1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055

630 640 650 660 670

638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14

19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46

457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81

92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61

2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589

290 295 298 300 305

290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22

1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686

206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67

676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0

1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865

680 690 700 710 720

691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82

25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02

496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14

75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53

2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319

310 315 320 325 330

310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34

1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352

221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61

572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4

1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783

730 740 750 760 780

745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03

33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35

536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12

62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64

2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013

v r

s 8 kJ/kg·K

925 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded ) T K

h kJ/kg

P r

u kJ/kg

v r

s 8 kJ/kg·K

T K

h kJ/kg

1260 1280

1348.55 1372.24

290.8 310.4

986.90 1004.76

12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510

1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44

330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2

1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26

11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337

3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474

1640 1660 1680 1700 1750

1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161

1335.72 5.355 1354.48 5.147 1373.24 4.949 1392.7 4.761 1439.8 4.328

3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79

450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8

1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95

8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468

3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1

1310 1475 1655 1852 2068

1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7

3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776

3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17

601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0

1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65

7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046

3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829

2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4

2303 2559 2837 3138 3464

1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3

2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864

3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474

P r

u kJ/kg

v r

791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574

s 8 kJ/kg·K

3.52364 3.53879

Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume.


TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s 8 kJ/kmol·K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s 8 kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188

0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370

600 610 620 630 640

17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772

12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450

212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190

187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502

650 660 670 680 690

19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297

13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560

214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061

191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328

700 710 720 730 740

20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839

14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686

216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472

350 360 370 380

10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055

7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895

196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572

750 760 770 780

22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085

15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599

218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113

927 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 ( Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762

21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782

228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075

41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777

247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104

24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291

231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654

44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524

249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488

26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845

234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417

47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957

251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726

1300 1320 1340 1360

40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227

29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919

236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376

2150 2200 2250 2300

70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676

52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553

254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027


TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s 8

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275

0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197

0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885

600 610 620 630 640

17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219

12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898

226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429

260 270 280 290 298

7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682

5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203

201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033

650 660 670 680 690

19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854

14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116

228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885

300 310 320 330 340

8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916

6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090

205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904

700 710 720 730 740

21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510

15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357

231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201

350 360 370 380

10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109

7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949

209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222

750 760 770 780

22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850

16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364

233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960

929 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194

23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214

243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866

44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568

263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734

25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923

246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620

47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490

265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312

28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670

249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668

50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208

267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504

1300 1320 1340 1360

42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198

31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891

252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404

2150 2200 2250 2300

73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316

55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193

271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891


TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 _ _ T h u

_ s 8

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627

0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548

0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337

600 610 620 630 640

22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190

17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869

243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282

260 270 280 290 298

7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364

5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885

208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685

650 660 670 680 690

24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631

19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894

247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952

300 310 320 330 340

9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959

6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131

213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694

700 710 720 730 740

27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124

21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972

250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439

350 360 370 380

11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552

8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392

219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122

750 760 770 780

29,629 30,135 30,644 31,154

23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669

254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110

931 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153

34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174

269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196

71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897

301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724

39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913

274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197

76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067

304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381

43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739

297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864

82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404

307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160

1300 1320 1340 1360

59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963

48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656

283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439

2150 2200 2250 2300

109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035

92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912

313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695


TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO _ _ _ T h u s 8

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188

0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411

600 610 620 630 640

17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833

12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512

218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190

193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543

650 660 670 680 690

19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378

13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641

220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062

197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371

700 710 720 730 740

20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943

14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789

222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692

350 360 370 380

10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058

7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899

202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622

750 760 770 780

22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208

16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723

225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357

933 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029

22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049

234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629

42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331

253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406

24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602

237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238

44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108

255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844

27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201

240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044

47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584

257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370

1300 1320 1340 1360

40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613

29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306

243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880

2150 2200 2250 2300

70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345

52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222

261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692


TABLE A–22 Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 _ _ T h u

_ s 8

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 260 270 280 290

0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233

0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822

0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775

1440 1480 1520 1560 1600

42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990

30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687

177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820

298 300 320 340 360

8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262

5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268

130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039

1640 1680 1720 1760 1800

49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618

35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652

181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724

380 400 420 440 460

10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179

7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355

137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187

1840 1880 1920 1960 2000

55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400

40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771

185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297

480 500 520 560

13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107

9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451

144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945

2050 2100 2150 2200

63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328

46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037

189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598

935 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O _ _ T h u

_ s 8

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294

0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215

0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831

600 610 620 630 640

20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862

15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541

212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285

260 270 280 290 298

8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904

6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425

184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720

650 660 670 680 690

22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714

16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978

215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071

300 310 320 330 340

9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314

7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487

188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144

700 710 720 730 740

24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597

18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444

218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707

350 360 370 380

11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672

8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513

194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920

750 760 770 780

25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125

19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639

221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717


TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O ( Continued ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223

27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243

232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506

55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207

258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509

30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698

236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540

60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411

260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912

34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270

240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735

64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275

263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081

1300 1320 1340 1360

48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521

38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213

243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915

2150 2200 2250 2300

90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199

72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076

268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839

937 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–24 Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O _ _ _ T h u s 8

T

_ h

_ u

_ s 8

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852

0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314

0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932

30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832

204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831


TABLE A–26 Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 258C, 1 atm _ _ _ h f 8 g f 8 s 8 Substance Formula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n -Butane n -Octane n -Octane

C(s ) H2(g ) N2(g ) O2(g ) CO(g ) CO2(g ) H2O(g ) H2O(,) H2O2(g ) NH3(g ) CH4(g ) C2H2(g ) C2H4(g ) C2H6(g ) C3H6(g ) C3H8(g ) C4H10(g ) C8H18(g ) C8H18(,)

0 0 0 0 2110,530 2393,520 2241,820 2285,830 2136,310 246,190 274,850 1226,730 +52,280 284,680 +20,410 2103,850 2126,150 2208,450 2249,950

0 0 0 0 2137,150 2394,360 2228,590 2237,180 2105,600 216,590 250,790 1209,170 168,120 232,890 162,720 223,490 215,710 116,530 +6,610

5.74 130.68 191.61 205.04 197.65 213.80 188.83 69.92 232.63 192.33 186.16 200.85 219.83 229.49 266.94 269.91 310.12 466.73 360.79

939 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–27 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Fuel (phase)

Formula

Molar mass, kg/kmol

Carbon (s ) Hydrogen (g ) Carbon monoxide (g ) Methane (g ) Methanol (,) Acetylene (g ) Ethane (g ) Ethanol (,) Propane (,) Butane (,) 1-Pentene (,) Isopentane (,) Benzene (,) Hexene (,) Hexane (,) Toluene (,) Heptane (,) Octane (,)

C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18

12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231

Density,1 kg/L 2 — — — 0.790 — — 0.790 0.500 0.579 0.641 0.626 0.877 0.673 0.660 0.867 0.684 0.703

Enthalpy of vaporization,2 kJ/kg

Specific heat,1 c p kJ/kg·K

Higher heating value,3 kJ/kg

— — — 509 1168 — 172 919 335 362 363 — 433 392 366 412 365 363

0.708 14.4 1.05 2.20 2.53 1.69 1.75 2.44 2.77 2.42 2.20 2.32 1.72 1.84 2.27 1.71 2.24 2.23

32,800 141,800 10,100 55,530 22,660 49,970 51,900 29,670 50,330 49,150 47,760 48,570 41,800 47,500 48,310 42,400 48,100 47,890

Lower heating value,3 kJ/kg 32,800 120,000 10,100 50,050 19,920 48,280 47,520 26,810 46,340 45,370 44,630 44,910 40,100 44,400 44,740 40,500 44,600 44,430


TABLE A–28 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant K p The equilibrium constant K p for the reaction

nA A + nB B ∆ nC C + nD D is

defined as K p

;

nC PC P Dn D

P An A P Bn B

Temp., K 298 500 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4500

H2

∆ 2H

O2

∆ 2O

N2

∆ 2N

H2O

∆ H 2 + 1 / 2O2

H2O

∆ 1 / 2H2

+ OH

CO2

∆ CO

+ 1 / 2O2

1

/ 2N2 + 1 / 2O2

∆ NO

2164.005

2186.975

2367.480

292.208

2106.208

2103.762

235.052

292.827

2105.630

2213.372

252.691

260.281

257.616

220.295

239.803

245.150

299.127

223.163

226.034

223.529

29.388

230.874

235.005

280.011

218.182

220.283

217.871

27.569

224.463

227.742

266.329

214.609

216.099

213.842

26.270

219.637

222.285

256.055

211.921

213.066

210.830

25.294

215.866

218.030

248.051

29.826

210.657

28.497

24.536

212.840

214.622

241.645

28.145

28.728

26.635

23.931

210.353

211.827

236.391

26.768

27.148

25.120

23.433

28.276

29.497

232.011

25.619

25.832

23.860

23.019

26.517

27.521

228.304

24.648

24.719

22.801

22.671

25.002

25.826

225.117

23.812

23.763

21.894

22.372

23.685

24.357

222.359

23.086

22.937

21.111

22.114

22.534

23.072

219.937

22.451

22.212

20.429

21.888

21.516

21.935

217.800

21.891

21.576

21.690

20.609

20.926

215.898

21.392

21.088

0.202 0.934 2.486

20.019

214.199

20.945

20.501

0.796 2.513

212.660

20.542

20.044

29.414

0.312

0.920

0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490

21.513 21.356 21.216 20.921

941 APPENDIX 1

7.5

0.50

7.0

0.55 T

R

0.60

6.5 0.65 0.70

6.0 S a t u r a t e d l i q u i d

5.5

0.75 0.80 0.90

5.0

0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96

0.75 0.80

– 4.5 h r – — c l — T a e R 4.0 d i — h — =

3.5

– h – r – — c l T 3.0 — a u e d R i — h – — 2.5 =

0.85

1.02 0.85

1.06 0.90

1.00 1.04 1.08

1.10 1.15

0.92 0.94

1.20

0.96

1.25

1.30 0.98

1.40

h

Z

e r u t r a p e d y p l a h

2.0

1.50

1.5

1.70 1.80

1.0

0

0 1 0 1. 2 1. 3 0

1.60

1.90 2.00 2.20


10.0

– 0.500

e r u t r a p e d y p o r t n E

9.0

s – — l — R 0.400 a

e d i — s

— =

0.300

— 0.100 =

–

0

7.0 0.55

e d i —

0.60

s

—

=

6.0

– s – — l — u a e R d i — s — 5.0 = s Z

e r u t r a p e d y

S S a t a u t r u a r t a e t d e d l i g q a u s i d

0.65 0.70

0.75

0.75

0.80

0.80 0.85

4.0

0.90 0.90

0.94

0.85 0.92

T R

0 1. 0 1. 1 0

1. 4 0 1.60

0.000

0.50

9 . 0 = 0

1. 2 0

d i — s

Z

s – — l R a —

0 0 8.

–

T R

8.0

d d a t a ee r r t u u t t a a S S

s – — 0.200 l — u a e R

s

r r u o a p o a p

v v

2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 P R

ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1 Normal Temperature Barometric Pressure: 101.325 k Pa ©1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

0.36 30

Sea Level 0 . 9 4

100 ∑ 1 0. 0

5. 0

1.0

1.0

0.8 0. 7

0. 6 0. 5

0 .4

0 4.

Sensible heat —————– = Total heat

3 0 .

2 . 0

0 . 3

1 . 0

30

–∑

1.5 – 5 .0 2 .0 4 .0 – 2 . 0 ∑ D H S – —— – 2 4 .0 0 .0 D H T – .0 1 . – 0 0 1 . – . 5 0 0

26 90

2 . 0

2 . 5

Enthalpy Dh —————— = —— Humidity ratio D

40

0.45 80

a i r d r y m r a o g k i l 70 e r p l e s j o u i l o k ( h ) 60 l p y t h a n E C e ° t u r 50 e r a 20 p t e m o n a t i r t u S a

25

2 5 w e t b u 0 . 9 l b t em 0 p e r at u r e ° C

% 0 9 % 0 8

% 7 0

2 0

% 6 0

0 . 9 2 v o l u m e c u b i c m e t e r p e r k i l o g r a m d r y a i r

0 . 8 8

% 5 0

S T

r i a 22 y r d m a r g 20 o l i k r e p e r u 18 t s i o m s m 16 a r g ) ( o i t a 14 r y t i d i m 12 u H

15

0 . 8 6

1 5

% 4 0

0.60 0.65 90

0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.0

70 6

2 0 %

5

0

— H H D D — = 0.50 t – a t e — a h e e — h l l b a i — t s o 0.55 n T e — S —

8

0 . 8 4

1 0

0 . 7 8

100

10

3 0 %

10 20

0

110

80

30

0 . 8 2

5

120

3 0 24

. 2

0

0.40

28

h l a t i v e 1 0 % r e

m i d i t y

4

u

0 . 8 0

60 2

10

20

30

40

Dry bulb temperature °C Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic St udies, University of Idaho.

FIGURE A–31 Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure. Reprinted by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA; used with permission.

50

A P P E 9 N 4 D 3 I X 1


TABLE A–32 One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 Ma

Ma*

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640

A / A* `

5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346

P / P0

r / r 0

T / T0

1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272

1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760

1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571

Å a ba

Ma* 5 Ma A A* P P0 r r 0

T T 0

5

5

5

5

1

k 1 1

2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 2

Ma k 1 1

a a a

1 1 1 1 1 1

k 2 1

2 k 2 1

2 k 2 1

2

1 1

Ma2 Ma2 Ma2

b b b

k 2 1

2

Ma2

2k /(k 2 1)

21/(k 2 1)

21

bd

0.5(k 1 1)/(k 2 1)

945 APPENDIX 1

T 01 5 T 02

Ma2 5 P2 P1 r 2 r 1

T 2 T 1

P02 P01 P02 P1

5

5

5

5

5

TABLE A–33

Å

(k 2 1)Ma21 1 2k Ma21 2

1 1 k Ma21 1 1 k Ma22 P2/P1 T 2/T 1

5

2

One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4

k 1 1

5

2k Ma21 2

k 1 1

k 1 1

(k 1 1)Ma21 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma21

5

V 1 V 2

2 1 Ma21(k 2 1) 2 1 Ma22(k 2 1)

c

Ma1 1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2 Ma2 1 1 Ma21(k 2 1)/2

d

(k 1 1)/[2(k 2 1)]

(1 1 k Ma21)[ 1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2] k /(k 21) 1 1 k Ma22

Ma1

Ma2

P 2 / P1

r 2 / r1

T 2 / T1

P 02 / P01

P 02 / P1

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0

1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752

1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333

1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571

1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790

1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283

1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610


T 0

TABLE A–34

T 0*

Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 Ma

T 0 / T T 0*

P 0 / P P 0*

/ T T T *

/ P P P *

/ V V V *

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540

1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245

0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803

2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765

0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882

P0 P* 0 T T * P P* V V *

5

5

5

5

5

(k 1 1 1)Ma2 [2 1 (k 2 2 1)Ma2] (1 1 k Ma Ma2)2 k 1 1 1

1 1 k Ma Ma2

a

a

Ma(1 1 k ) 1 1 k Ma Ma2

2 1 (k 2 2 1)Ma2

b

1 1 k 1 2

1 1 k 1 1 k Ma Ma2 r * r

5

(1 1 k )Ma )Ma2 1 1 k Ma Ma2

b

/(k 2 1) k

APPENDIX

2

PROP ERTY T ABLE S AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)

Table A–1E

Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties

Table A–2E

Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases

Table A–3E

Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods

Table A–4E

Saturated water—Temperature table

Table A–5E

Saturated water—P water—Pressure ressure table

Table A–6E

Superheated water

Table A–7E

Compressed liquid water

Table A–8E

Saturated ice–water vapor

958 962 963

956

954

949 952

948


TABLE A–1E Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties

Substance

Molar mass, M Formula lbm/lbmol

Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n-Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n-Hexane Hydrogen (normal)

— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCl2F C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H

28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.020 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.178 2.016

Gas constant, R

Btu/ lbm?R*

psia?ft3 / lbm?R*

0.06855 0.1166 0.04971 0.02542 0.01243 0.03417 0.04513 0.07090 0.01291 0.02801 0.01664 0.01643 0.01930 0.06616 0.04311 0.07079 0.4961 0.02305 0.9851

0.3704 0.6301 0.2686 0.1374 0.06714 0.1846 0.2438 0.3831 0.06976 0.1517 0.08988 0.08874 0.1043 0.3574 0.2329 0.3825 2.6809 0.1245 5.3224

Critical-point properties

Temperature, R 238.5 729.8 272 1012 1052 765.2 547.5 240 1001.5 751 965.8 692.4 813.0 549.8 929.0 508.3 9.5 914.2 59.9

Pressure, psia 547 1636 705 714 1500 551 1071 507 661 1120 794 582 749 708 926 742 33.2 439 188.1

Volume, ft3 /lbmol 1.41 1.16 1.20 4.17 2.17 4.08 1.51 1.49 4.42 1.99 3.85 3.49 3.16 2.37 2.68 1.99 0.926 5.89 1.04

949 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 808F Gas

Formula

Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam

— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O

Gas constant, R Btu/lbm?R 0.06855 0.04971 0.03424 0.04513 0.07090 0.06616 0.07079 0.4961 0.9851 0.1238 0.09840 0.07090 0.01742 0.06206 0.04504 0.1102

c p Btu/lbm?R

0.240 0.1253 0.415 0.203 0.249 0.427 0.411 1.25 3.43 0.532 0.246 0.248 0.409 0.219 0.407 0.445

c Btu/lbm?R

k

0.171 0.0756 0.381 0.158 0.178 0.361 0.340 0.753 2.44 0.403 0.1477 0.177 0.392 0.157 0.362 0.335

1.400 1.667 1.09 1.285 1.399 1.183 1.208 1.667 1.404 1.32 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.124 1.329

v

Source of Data: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A–8E.

950

PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–2E

Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures Temp., 8F

c p Btu/lbm?R

c Btu/lbm?R v

k

c p Btu/lbm?R

Air

40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000

0.240 0.240 0.241 0.243 0.245 0.248 0.250 0.254 0.257 0.259 0.263 0.276 0.286

40 100 200

3.397 3.426 3.451

0.171 0.172 0.173 0.174 0.176 0.179 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.208 0.217 Hydrogen , H 2 2.412 2.441 2.466

c Btu/lbm?R v

k

Carbon dioxide, C0 2

c p Btu/lbm?R

c Btu/lbm?R v

k

Carbon monoxide, CO

1.401 1.400 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.365 1.358 1.353 1.330 1.312

0.195 0.205 0.217 0.229 0.239 0.247 0.255 0.262 0.269 0.275 0.280 0.298 0.312

0.150 0.160 0.172 0.184 0.193 0.202 0.210 0.217 0.224 0.230 0.235 0.253 0.267 Nitrogen , N 2

1.300 1.283 1.262 1.246 1.233 1.223 1.215 1.208 1.202 1.197 1.192 1.178 1.169

0.248 0.249 0.249 0.251 0.253 0.256 0.259 0.262 0.266 0.269 0.273 0.287 0.297

1.409 1.404 1.399

0.248 0.248 0.249

0.177 0.178 0.178

1.400 1.399 1.398

0.219 0.220 0.223

0.177 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.198 0.202 0.216 0.226 Oxygen , O 2 0.156 0.158 0.161

1.400 1.399 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.384 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.357 1.351 1.328 1.314 1.397 1.394 1.387

951 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature 1 cT 2 c# p 5 a 1 bT 1 #

1

dT 3

(T in R, c p in Btu/lbmol?R) Temperature Substance

Formula

Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur trioxide Acetylene Benzene Methanol

N2 O2 — H2 CO CO2 H2O NO N2O NO2 NH3 S2 SO2 SO3 C2H2 C6H6 CH4O

a

b

6.903 6.085 6.713 6.952 6.726 5.316 7.700 7.008 5.758 5.48 6.5846 6.499 6.157 3.918 5.21 28.650 4.55

20.02085 3 1022 22

0.2017 3 10 0.02609 3 1022 20.02542 3 1022 0.02222 3 1022 0.79361 3 1022 0.02552 3 1022 20.01247 3 1022 0.7780 3 1022 0.7583 3 1022 0.34028 3 1022 0.2943 3 1022 0.7689 3 1022 1.935 3 1022 1.2227 3 1022 6.4322 3 1022 1.214 3 1022 2

range, R

c

d

0.05957 3 1025 20.05275 3 1025 0.03540 3 1025 0.02952 3 1025 0.03960 3 1025 20.2581 3 1025 0.07781 3 1025 0.07185 3 1025 20.2596 3 1025 20.260 3 1025 0.073034 3 1025 20.1200 3 1025 20.2810 3 1025 20.8256 3 1025 20.4812 3 1025 22.327 3 1025 20.0898 3 1025

20.1176 3 1029

5

0.05372 3 1029 20.08052 3 1029 20.03565 3 1029 20.09100 3 1029 0.3059 3 1029 20.1472 3 1029 20.1715 3 1029 0.4331 3 1029 0.322 3 1029 20.27402 3 1029 0.1632 3 1029 0.3527 3 1029 1.328 3 1029 0.7457 3 1029 3.179 3 1029 20.329 3 1029 9

491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-2700 491-2700 491-2700 491-2700 491-3240 491-3240 491-2340 491-2700 491-2700 491-1800

% error

Max. Avg. 0.59 1.19 0.72 1.02 0.89 0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59 0.46 0.91 0.99 0.45 0.29 1.46 0.34 0.18

0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26 0.37 0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26 0.18 0.36 0.38 0.24 0.13 0.59 0.20 0.08


TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm

Substance Ammonia

Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n -Butane -Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen

Normal boiling point, 8F 227.9

2302.6

176.4

219.0 31.1 2109.2* 172.8 173.5 388.6 355.8 2452.1 423.0

Latent heat of vaporization, h fg Btu/lbm 24.54

69.5 169.4

— 165.6 99.6 (at 328F) 360.5 368 344.0 419 9.80 191.7

Freezing data

Freezing point, 8F 2107.9

2308.7

41.9

0.7 2217.3 269.8 2173.6 2248.8

12.6 66.0 — 434.5

Liquid properties

Latent heat of fusion, h if Btu/lbm

Temperature, 8F

Density, r lbm/ft lbm/ft3

Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm?R

138.6

227.9

12.0 54.2

0 40 80 2302.6 68

42.6 41.3 39.5 37.5 87.0 54.9

1.06 1.083 1.103 1.135 0.272 0.411

— 34.5 — 46.9 46.4 77.9 86.3 — 25.6

68 31.1 32 77 68 68 68 2452.1 423.0

71.8 37.5 57.8 48.9 49.3 69.2 78.7 9.13 4.41

0.743 0.552 0.583 0.588 0.678 0.678 0.554 5.45 2.39

953 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)

Substance

Density, r lbm/ft3


Metals Aluminum 21008F 328F 1008F 2008F 3008F 4008F 5008F Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 2608F 08F 1008F 2008F 3908F

Substance

Density, r lbm/ft3


Nonmetals

517

0.192 0.212 0.218 0.224 0.229 0.235 0.240 0.0955

519

0.0955

555

0.0862 0.0893 0.0925 0.0938 0.0963

170

Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (5008C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 2508F 08F 208F 328 F Limestone Marble 162

132 120 144 144 62.4 151 169 139 156 169 50

57.5 103 0.210

0.220 0.189 0.229 0.156 0.220 0.147 0.191 0.200 0.170 0.243 0.260 0.424 0.471 0.491 0.502 0.217


TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Temp., T 8F

Sat. press., P sat psia

32.018 0.08871

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, u f

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. liquid, h f

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

35 40 45 50

0.09998 0.12173 0.14756 0.17812

0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602

3299.9 2945.7 2443.6 2035.8 1703.1

0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07

1021.0 1019.0 1015.6 1012.2 1008.9

1021.0 1022.0 1023.7 1025.3 1026.9

0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07

1075.2 1073.5 1070.7 1067.8 1065.0

1075.2 1076.5 1078.7 1080.9 1083.1

0.00000 0.00609 0.01620 0.02620 0.03609

2.18672 2.17011 2.14271 2.11587 2.08956

2.1867 2.1762 2.1589 2.1421 2.1256

55 60 65 70 75

0.21413 0.25638 0.30578 0.36334 0.43016

0.01603 0.01604 0.01604 0.01605 0.01606

1430.4 1206.1 1020.8 867.18 739.27

23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07

1005.5 1002.1 998.76 995.39 992.02

1028.6 1030.2 1031.8 1033.5 1035.1

23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07

1062.2 1059.4 1056.5 1053.7 1050.9

1085.3 1087.4 1089.6 1091.8 1093.9

0.04586 0.05554 0.06511 0.07459 0.08398

2.06377 2.03847 2.01366 1.98931 1.96541

2.1096 2.0940 2.0788 2.0639 2.0494

80 85 90 95 100

0.50745 0.59659 0.69904 0.81643 0.95052

0.01607 0.01609 0.01610 0.01612 0.01613

632.41 542.80 467.40 403.74 349.83

48.06 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03

988.65 985.28 981.90 978.52 975.14

1036.7 1038.3 1040.0 1041.6 1043.2

48.07 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03

1048.0 1045.2 1042.4 1039.5 1036.7

1096.1 1098.3 1100.4 1102.6 1104.7

0.09328 0.10248 0.11161 0.12065 0.12961

1.94196 1.91892 1.89630 1.87408 1.85225

2.0352 2.0214 2.0079 1.9947 1.9819

110 120 130 140

1.2767 1.6951 2.2260 2.8931

0.01617 0.01620 0.01625 0.01629

264.96 202.94 157.09 122.81

78.01 88.00 97.99 107.98

968.36 961.56 954.73 947.87

1046.4 1049.6 1052.7 1055.9

78.02 88.00 97.99 107.99

1031.0 1025.2 1019.4 1013.6

1109.0 1113.2 1117.4 1121.6

0.14728 0.16466 0.18174 0.19855

1.80970 1.76856 1.72877 1.69024

1.9570 1.9332 1.9105 1.8888

955 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Temp., T 8F


400 410 420 430 440

247.26 276.69 308.76 343.64 381.49

0.01864 0.01878 0.01894 0.01910 0.01926

450 460 470 480 490

422.47 466.75 514.52 565.96 621.24

500 510 520 530 540

680.56 744.11 812.11 884.74 962.24

550 560 570 580

1044.8 1132.7 1226.2 1325.5

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

Internal energy, Btu/lbm

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R

Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. liquid, h f

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

1.8639 1.6706 1.5006 1.3505 1.2178

374.19 384.94 395.76 406.65 417.61

741.97 732.14 722.08 711.80 701.26

1116.2 1117.1 1117.8 1118.4 1118.9

375.04 385.90 396.84 407.86 418.97

826.39 816.71 806.74 796.46 785.87

1201.4 1202.6 1203.6 1204.3 1204.8

0.56663 0.57907 0.59145 0.60377 0.61603

0.96127 0.93908 0.91707 0.89522 0.87349

1.5279 1.5182 1.5085 1.4990 1.4895

0.01944 0.01962 0.01981 0.02001 0.02022

1.0999 0.99510 0.90158 0.81794 0.74296

428.66 439.79 451.01 462.34 473.77

690.47 679.39 668.02 656.34 644.32

1119.1 1119.2 1119.0 1118.7 1118.1

430.18 441.48 452.90 464.43 476.09

774.94 763.65 751.98 739.91 727.40

1205.1 1205.1 1204.9 1204.3 1203.5

0.62826 0.64044 0.65260 0.66474 0.67686

0.85187 0.83033 0.80885 0.78739 0.76594

1.4801 1.4708 1.4615 1.4521 1.4428

0.02044 0.02067 0.02092 0.02118 0.02146

0.67558 0.61489 0.56009 0.51051 0.46553

485.32 496.99 508.80 520.76 532.88

631.94 619.17 605.99 592.35 578.23

1117.3 1116.2 1114.8 1113.1 1111.1

487.89 499.84 511.94 524.23 536.70

714.44 700.99 687.01 672.47 657.31

1202.3 1200.8 1199.0 1196.7 1194.0

0.68899 0.70112 0.71327 0.72546 0.73770

0.74445 0.72290 0.70126 0.67947 0.65751

1.4334 1.4240 1.4145 1.4049 1.3952

0.02176 0.02207 0.02242 0.02279

0.42465 0.38740 0.35339 0.32225

545.18 557.68 570.40 583.37

563.58 548.33 532.45 515.84

1108.8 1106.0 1102.8 1099.2

549.39 562.31 575.49 588.95

641.47 624.91 607.55 589.29

1190.9 1187.2 1183.0 1178.2

0.75000 0.76238 0.77486 0.78748

0.63532 0.61284 0.59003 0.56679

1.3853 1.3752 1.3649 1.3543


TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat.

Sat.

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat.

Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Press.,

temp.,

liquid,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

P psia

T sat 8F

v

v

u f

u fg

u g

h f

h fg

h g

s f

s fg

s g

1 2 3 4 5

101.69 126.02 141.41 152.91 162.18

0.01614 0.01623 0.01630 0.01636 0.01641

333.49 173.71 118.70 90.629 73.525

69.72 94.02 109.39 120.89 130.17

973.99 957.45 946.90 938.97 932.53

1043.7 1051.5 1056.3 1059.9 1062.7

69.72 94.02 109.40 120.90 130.18

1035.7 1021.7 1012.8 1006.0 1000.5

1105.4 1115.8 1122.2 1126.9 1130.7

0.13262 0.17499 0.20090 0.21985 0.23488

1.84495 1.74444 1.68489 1.64225 1.60894

1.9776 1.9194 1.8858 1.8621 1.8438

6 8 10 14.696 15

170.00 182.81 193.16 211.95 212.99

0.01645 0.01652 0.01659 0.01671 0.01672

61.982 47.347 38.425 26.805 26.297

138.00 150.83 161.22 180.12 181.16

927.08 918.08 910.75 897.27 896.52

1065.1 1068.9 1072.0 1077.4 1077.7

138.02 150.86 161.25 180.16 181.21

995.88 988.15 981.82 970.12 969.47

1133.9 1139.0 1143.1 1150.3 1150.7

0.24739 0.26757 0.28362 0.31215 0.31370

1.58155 1.53800 1.50391 1.44441 1.44441

1.8289 1.8056 1.7875 1.7566 1.7549

20 25 30 35 40

227.92 240.03 250.30 259.25 267.22

0.01683 0.01692 0.01700 0.01708 0.01715

20.093 16.307 13.749 11.901 10.501

196.21 208.45 218.84 227.92 236.02

885.63 876.67 868.98 862.19 856.09

1081.8 1085.1 1087.8 1090.1 1092.1

196.27 208.52 218.93 228.03 236.14

959.93 952.03 945.21 939.16 933.69

1156.2 1160.6 1164.1 1167.2 1169.8

0.33582 0.35347 0.36821 0.38093 0.39213

1.39606 1.36060 1.33132 1.30632 1.28448

1.7319 1.7141 1.6995 1.6872 1.6766

45 50 55 60

274.41 280.99 287.05 292.69

0.01721 0.01727 0.01732 0.01738

243.34 250.05 256.25 262.01

850.52 845.39 840.61 836.13

1093.9 1095.4 1096.9 1098.1

243.49 250.21 256.42 262.20

928.68 924.03 919.70 915.61

1172.2 1174.2 1176.1 1177.8

0.40216 0.41125 0.41958 0.42728

1.26506 1.24756 1.23162 1.21697

1.6672 1.6588 1.6512 1.6442

f

g

9.4028 8.5175 7.7882 7.1766

957 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume, ft3 /lbm

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat.

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat.

Sat.

Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Press.,

temp.,

liquid,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

P psia

T sat 8F

v

v

u f

u fg

u g

h f

h fg

h g

s f

s fg

s g

900 1000 1200

532.02 544.65 567.26

0.02124 0.02159 0.02232

0.50107 0.44604 0.36241

523.19 538.58 566.89

589.54 571.49 536.87

1112.7 1110.1 1103.8

526.73 542.57 571.85

669.46 650.03 612.39

1196.2 1192.6 1184.2

0.72793 0.74341 0.77143

0.67505 1.4030 0.64722 1.3906 0.59632 1.3677

1400 1600 1800 2000 2500

587.14 604.93 621.07 635.85 668.17

0.02307 0.02386 0.02470 0.02563 0.02860

0.30161 0.25516 0.21831 0.18815 0.13076

592.79 616.99 640.03 662.33 717.67

503.50 470.69 437.86 404.46 313.53

1096.3 1087.7 1077.9 1066.8 1031.2

598.76 624.06 648.26 671.82 730.90

575.66 539.18 502.35 464.60 360.79

1174.4 1163.2 1150.6 1136.4 1091.7

0.79658 0.81972 0.84144 0.86224 0.91311

0.54991 0.50645 0.46482 0.42409 0.31988

3000 3200.1

695.41 705.10

0.03433 0.04975

0.08460 0.04975

783.39 866.61

186.41 0

969.8 866.6

802.45 896.07

214.32 0

1016.8 896.1

0.97321 1.05257

0.18554 1.1587 0 1.0526

f

g

1.3465 1.3262 1.3063 1.2863 1.2330


TABLE A–6E Superheated water T 8F

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

5

Sat.† 333.49 200 392.53 240 416.44 280 440.33 320 464.20 360 488.07 400 511.92 440 535.77 500 571.54 600 631.14 700 690.73 800 750.31 1000 869.47 1200 988.62 1400 1107.8

Sat. 240 280 320

26.297 27.429 29.085 30.722

1.0 psia (101.698F)* 1043.7 1077.5 1091.2 1105.0 1118.9 1132.9 1147.1 1161.3 1182.8 1219.4 1256.8 1295.1 1374.2 1457.1 1543.7

P

v h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm

5

1105.4 1150.1 1168.3 1186.5 1204.8 1223.3 1241.8 1260.4 1288.6 1336.2 1384.6 1433.9 1535.1 1640.0 1748.7

1.9776 2.0509 2.0777 2.1030 2.1271 2.1502 2.1722 2.1934 2.2237 2.2709 2.3146 2.3553 2.4299 2.4972 2.5590

v u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm

P

73.525 78.153 83.009 87.838 92.650 97.452 102.25 107.03 114.21 126.15 138.09 150.02 173.86 197.70 221.54

15 psia (212.998F)

1077.7 1087.8 1102.4 1116.9

1150.7 1163.9 1183.2 1202.2

1.7549 1.7742 1.8010 1.8260

P

20.093 20.478 21.739 22.980

5

5.0 psia (162.188F)

1062.7 1076.2 1090.3 1104.3 1118.4 1132.5 1146.7 1160.9 1182.6 1219.2 1256.7 1294.9 1374.2 1457.0 1543.7 5

1130.7 1148.5 1167.1 1185.6 1204.1 1222.6 1241.3 1260.0 1288.2 1335.9 1384.4 1433.7 1535.0 1640.0 1748.7

1.8438 1.8716 1.8989 1.9246 1.9490 1.9722 1.9944 2.0156 2.0461 2.0933 2.1371 2.1778 2.2524 2.3198 2.3816

P

38.425 38.849 41.326 43.774 46.205 48.624 51.035 53.441 57.041 63.029 69.007 74.980 86.913 98.840 110.762

20 psia (227.928F)

1081.8 1086.5 1101.4 1116.1

1156.2 1162.3 1181.9 1201.2

1.7319 1.7406 1.7679 1.7933

u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/ lbm?R

P

5

10 psia (193.168F)

1072.0 1074.5 1089.1 1103.4 1117.6 1131.9 1146.2 1160.5 1182.2 1219.0 1256.5 1294.8 1374.1 1457.0 1543.6 5 40

1143.1 1146.4 1165.5 1184.4 1203.1 1221.8 1240.6 1259.4 1287.8 1335.6 1384.2 1433.5 1534.9 1639.9 1748.6

1.7875 1.7926 1.8207 1.8469 1.8716 1.8950 1.9174 1.9388 1.9693 2.0167 2.0605 2.1013 2.1760 2.2433 2.3052

psia (267.228F)

10.501

1092.1 1169.8

1.6766

10.713 11.363

1097.3 1176.6 1112.9 1197.1

1.6858 1.7128

959 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8F

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

5

Sat. 3.7289 360 3.8446 400 4.0799 450 4.3613 500 4.6340 550 4.9010 600 5.1642 700 5.6829 800 6.1950 1000 7.2083 1200 8.2137 1400 9.2149 1600 10.2135 1800 11.2106 2000 12.2067 P

Sat. 400 450 500

2.5322 2.6490 2.8514 3.0433

120 psia (341.258F) 1107.9 1116.7 1134.0 1154.5 1174.4 1193.9 1213.4 1252.2 1291.4 1371.7 1455.3 1542.3 1633.0 1727.2 1824.8

5


1190.8 1202.1 1224.6 1251.4 1277.3 1302.8 1328.0 1378.4 1429.0 1531.8 1637.7 1746.9 1859.8 1976.1 2095.8

1.5883 1.6023 1.6292 1.6594 1.6872 1.7131 1.7375 1.7829 1.8247 1.9005 1.9684 2.0305 2.0881 2.1420 2.1928

180 psia (373.078F) 1113.0 1126.3 1148.7 1169.8

1197.3 1214.5 1243.7 1271.2

1.5548 1.5752 1.6082 1.6376


P

3.2202 3.2584 3.4676 3.7147 3.9525 4.1845 4.4124 4.8604 5.3017 6.1732 7.0367 7.8961 8.7529 9.6082 10.4624 P

2.2882 2.3615 2.5488 2.7247

5

140 psia (353.038F)

1109.9 1113.4 1131.5 1152.6 1172.9 1192.7 1212.3 1251.4 1290.8 1371.3 1455.0 1542.1 1632.8 1727.0 1824.6 5

1193.4 1197.8 1221.4 1248.9 1275.3 1301.1 1326.6 1377.3 1428.1 1531.3 1637.3 1746.6 1859.5 1975.9 2095.7

1.5757 1.5811 1.6092 1.6403 1.6686 1.6948 1.7195 1.7652 1.8072 1.8832 1.9512 2.0134 2.0711 2.1250 2.1758

200 psia (381.808F)

1114.1 1123.5 1146.7 1168.2

1198.8 1.5460 1210.9 1.5602 1241.0 1.5943 1269.0 1.6243

u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/ lbm?R P

5

160 psia (363.548F)

2.8347

1111.6 1195.5

1.5647

3.0076 3.2293 3.4412 3.6469 3.8484 4.2434 4.6316 5.3968 6.1540 6.9070 7.6574 8.4063 9.1542

1129.0 1150.7 1171.4 1191.4 1211.3 1250.6 1290.2 1370.9 1454.7 1541.8 1632.6 1726.9 1824.5

1.5914 1.6234 1.6522 1.6788 1.7037 1.7498 1.7920 1.8682 1.9363 1.9986 2.0563 2.1102 2.1610

P

2.0423 2.0728 2.2457 2.4059

5

1218.0 1246.3 1273.2 1299.4 1325.2 1376.3 1427.3 1530.7 1636.9 1746.3 1859.3 1975.7 2095.5

225 psia (391.808F)

1115.3 1119.7 1144.1 1166.2

1200.3 1206.0 1237.6 1266.3

1.5360 1.5427 1.5783 1.6091


TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Continued) T 8F

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

1.3263 1.3739 1.4921 1.6004 1.7030 1.8018 1.8979 2.0848 2.2671 2.4464 2.7996 3.1484 3.4947 3.8394 4.1830

350 psia (431.748F) 1118.5 1129.3 1155.2 1178.6 1200.6 1221.9 1242.8 1284.1 1325.3 1366.9 1451.7 1539.6 1630.8 1725.4 1823.3

P

Sat. 500 550 600

5

0.92815 0.99304 1.07974 1.15876

5


1204.4 1218.3 1251.9 1282.2 1310.9 1338.6 1365.8 1419.1 1472.2 1525.3 1633.0 1743.5 1857.1 1974.0 2094.2

1.4973 1.5128 1.5487 1.5795 1.6073 1.6328 1.6567 1.7009 1.7414 1.7791 1.8483 1.9111 1.9691 2.0233 2.0742

500 psia (467.048F) 1119.1 1140.1 1167.1 1191.4

1205.0 1231.9 1267.0 1298.6

1.4642 1.4928 1.5284 1.5590


P

1.1617 1.1747 1.2851 1.3840 1.4765 1.5650 1.6507 1.8166 1.9777 2.1358 2.4465 2.7527 3.0565 3.3586 3.6597 P

0.77020 0.79526 0.87542 0.94605

5

400 psia (444.628F)

1119.0 1205.0 1122.5 1209.4 1150.4 1245.6 1174.9 1277.3 1197.6 1306.9 1219.4 1335.3 1240.7 1362.9 1282.5 1417.0 1324.0 1470.4 1365.8 1523.9 1450.9 1632.0 1539.0 1742.7 1630.3 1856.5 1725.0 1973.6 1823.0 2093.9 5

1.4852 1.4901 1.5288 1.5610 1.5897 1.6158 1.6401 1.6849 1.7257 1.7636 1.8331 1.8960 1.9541 2.0084 2.0594

600 psia (486.248F)

1118.3 1128.2 1158.7 1184.9

1203.9 1216.5 1255.9 1289.9

1.4463 1.4596 1.4996 1.5325


5

450 psia (456.318F)

1.0324

1119.2

1205.2 1.4742

1.1233 1.2152 1.3001 1.3807 1.4584 1.6080 1.7526 1.8942 2.1718 2.4450 2.7157 2.9847 3.2527

1145.4 1171.1 1194.6 1216.9 1238.5 1280.8 1322.7 1364.7 1450.1 1538.4 1629.8 1724.6 1822.6

1238.9 1272.3 1302.8 1331.9 1360.0 1414.7 1468.6 1522.4 1631.0 1742.0 1856.0 1973.2 2093.5

P

5

1.5103 1.5441 1.5737 1.6005 1.6253 1.6706 1.7117 1.7499 1.8196 1.8827 1.9409 1.9952 2.0462

700 psia (503.138F)

0.65589 1116.9

1201.9

1.4305

0.72799 1149.5 0.79332 1177.9

1243.8 1280.7

1.4730 1.5087

961 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8F

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

Sat. 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0.27695 0.28189 0.33310 0.37198 0.40535 0.43550 0.46356 0.49015 0.54031 0.58781 0.63355 0.72172 0.80714 0.89090 0.97358 P

Sat. 0.13076 650 700 0.16849 750 0.20327

5


1500 psia (596.268F) 1092.1 1097.2 1147.2 1183.6 1214.4 1242.2 1268.2 1293.1 1340.9 1387.3 1433.3 1525.7 1619.8 1716.4 1815.9

5 2 500

1169.0 1175.4 1239.7 1286.9 1326.9 1363.1 1396.9 1429.2 1490.8 1550.5 1609.2 1726.0 1843.8 1963.7 2086.1

1.3362 1.3423 1.4016 1.4433 1.4771 1.5064 1.5328 1.5569 1.6007 1.6402 1.6767 1.7432 1.8033 1.8589 1.9108

psia (668.178F)

P


5

1750 psia (617.178F)


5

2000 psia (635.858F)

0.22681 1080.5

1153.9 1.3112

0.18815 1066.8

1136.4

1.2863

0.26292 0.30252 0.33455 0.36266 0.38835 0.41238 0.45719 0.49917 0.53932 0.61621 0.69031 0.76273 0.83406

1207.9 1264.7 1309.8 1349.1 1385.1 1419.0 1482.9 1544.1 1603.9 1722.1 1840.9 1961.5 2084.3

0.20586 0.24894 0.28074 0.30763 0.33169 0.35390 0.39479 0.43266 0.46864 0.53708 0.60269 0.66660 0.72942

1167.6 1239.8 1291.3 1334.3 1372.8 1408.5 1474.9 1537.6 1598.5 1718.3 1838.0 1959.2 2082.6

1.3146 1.3783 1.4218 1.4567 1.4867 1.5134 1.5606 1.6021 1.6400 1.7081 1.7693 1.8255 1.8778

P

1122.8 1166.8 1201.5 1231.7 1259.3 1285.4 1334.9 1382.4 1429.2 1522.6 1617.4 1714.5 1814.2

5

1.3607 1.4108 1.4489 1.4807 1.5088 1.5341 1.5796 1.6201 1.6572 1.7245 1.7852 1.8410 1.8931

3000 psia (695.418F)

1031.2

1091.7 1.2330

0.08460

1098.4 1154.9

1176.3 1.3072 1249.0 1.3686

0.09838 1005.3 0.14840 1114.1

1091.4 1147.6 1187.4 1220.5 1250.0 1277.5 1328.7 1377.5 1425.1 1519.5 1615.0 1712.5 1812.6 P

5

3500 psia

969.8 1016.8 1.1587 1059.9 1.1960 1196.5 1.3118

0.02492 0.03065 0.10460

663.7 679.9 0.8632 760.0 779.9 0.9511 1057.6 1125.4 1.2434


TABLE A–7E Compressed liquid water T 8F

P

Sat. 32 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

5

0.019750 0.015994 0.015998 0.016107 0.016317 0.016607 0.016972 0.017417 0.017954 0.018609 0.019425

P

Sat. 32 50 100 200 300

u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R

v

ft3 /lbm

5

500 psia (467.048F) 447.68 0.01 18.03 67.86 117.70 167.70 218.04 268.92 320.64 373.61 428.44

449.51 1.49 19.51 69.35 119.21 169.24 219.61 270.53 322.30 375.33 430.24

0.64900 0.00001 0.03601 0.12930 0.21462 0.29349 0.36708 0.43641 0.50240 0.56595 0.62802

2000 psia (635.858F)

0.025634 662.33 671.82 0.86224 0.015912 0.07 5.96 0.00010 0.015921 17.91 23.80 0.03574 0.016035 67.36 73.30 0.12838 0.016527 166.54 172.66 0.29170 0.017310 266.92 273.33 0.43376


v

ft3 /lbm P

5

1000 psia (544.658F)

0.021595 0.015966 0.015972 0.016083 0.016292 0.016580 0.016941 0.017380 0.017910 0.018552 0.019347 0.020368

P

5

538.58 542.57 0.74341 0.03 2.99 0.00005 17.99 20.95 0.03593 67.69 70.67 0.12899 117.42 120.43 0.21416 167.31 170.38 0.29289 217.51 220.65 0.36634 268.24 271.46 0.43551 319.77 323.08 0.50132 372.48 375.91 0.56463 426.93 430.51 0.62635 484.03 487.80 0.68764

u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

5

1500 psia (596.268F)

0.023456 605.07 611.58 0.80836 0.015939 0.05 4.48 0.00008 0.015946 17.95 22.38 0.03584 0.016059 67.53 71.98 0.12869 0.016267 117.14 121.66 0.21369 0.016553 166.92 171.52 0.29229 0.016911 217.00 221.69 0.36560 0.017345 267.57 272.39 0.43463 0.017866 318.91 323.87 0.50025 0.018496 371.37 376.51 0.56333 0.019271 425.47 430.82 0.62472 0.020258 482.01 487.63 0.68550 0.021595 542.50 548.50 0.74731

3000 psia (695.418F)

0.034335 783.39 802.45 0.97321 0.015859 0.10 8.90 0.00011 0.015870 17.83 26.64 0.03554 0.015988 67.04 75.91 0.12776 0.016475 165.79 174.94 0.29053 0.017242 265.65 275.22 0.43204

s Btu/lbm?R

P

0.015756 0.015773 0.015897 0.016375 0.017112

5

5000 psia

0.13 14.71 17.65 32.25 66.41 81.12 164.36 179.51 263.24 279.07

0.00002 0.03505 0.12652 0.28824 0.42874

963 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–8E Saturated ice—water vapor Specific volume, ft3 /lbm

Temp., T 8F


Sat. ice,

Sat. vapor,

v

v

32.018 32 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 210 215 220 225 230 235 240

0.08871 0.08864 0.08086 0.06405 0.05049 0.03960 0.03089 0.02397 0.01850 0.01420 0.01083 0.00821 0.00619 0.00463 0.00344 0.00254 0.00186

0.01747 3299.6 0.01747 3302.6 0.01747 3605.8 0.01746 4505.8 0.01746 5657.6 0.01745 7138.9 0.01744 9054.0 0.01743 11,543 0.01743 14,797 0.01742 19,075 0.01741 24,731 0.01740 32,257 0.01740 42,335 0.01739 55,917 0.01738 74,345 0.01738 99,526 0.01737 134,182

i

g

Internal energy, Btu/lbm

Sat. ice, u i 2143.34 2143.35 2144.35 2146.85 2149.32 2151.76 2154.18 2156.57 2158.94 2161.28 2163.60 2165.90 2168.16 2170.41 2172.63 2174.83 2177.00

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

Subl., u ig

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. ice, h i

1164.2 1164.2 1164.6 1165.4 1166.2 1167.0 1167.8 1168.5 1169.2 1169.9 1170.6 1171.2 1171.8 1172.4 1173.0 1173.5 1174.0

1020.9 1020.9 1020.2 1018.6 1016.9 1015.2 1013.6 1011.9 1010.3 1008.6 1007.0 1005.3 1003.6 1002.0 1000.3 998.7 997.0

2143.34 2143.35 2144.35 2146.85 2149.32 2151.76 2154.18 2156.57 2158.94 2161.28 2163.60 2165.90 2168.16 2170.41 2172.63 2174.83 2177.00

Entropy, Btu/Ibm?R

Subl., h ig

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. ice, s i

1218.3 1218.4 1218.5 1218.8 1219.1 1219.3 1219.5 1219.7 1219.9 1220.0 1220.1 1220.2 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3

1075.0 1075.0 1074.2 1072.0 1069.8 1067.6 1065.4 1063.1 1060.9 1058.7 1056.5 1054.3 1052.1 1049.9 1047.7 1045.5 1043.3

20.29146 20.29148 20.29353 20.29865 20.30377 20.30889 20.31401 20.31913 20.32426 20.32938 20.33451 20.33964 20.34478 20.34991 20.35505 20.36019 20.36534

Subl., s ig

Sat. vapor, s g

2.4779 2.4779 2.4883 2.5146 2.5414 2.5687 2.5965 2.6248 2.6537 2.6832 2.7133 2.7440 2.7754 2.8074 2.8401 2.8735 2.9076

2.1864 2.1865 2.1948 2.2160 2.2376 2.2598 2.2825 2.3057 2.3295 2.3538 2.3788 2.4044 2.4306 2.4575 2.4850 2.5133 2.5423

965 APPENDIX 2

Entropy, Btu/lbm·R 1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

1100° F a i s p 0 0 0 0 , 0 4 0 0 0 1 5 2 3

2.2

1600

1550 1000 0 0 0 2

0 0 0 1

0 0 5

1500 900 0 0 3

0 0 2

1450 8 0 0 0 0 1

700° F

m b l 1400 / u t B , y p l a 1350 h t n E

a i s p 0 5 0 2

6 0 0 0 1

1300

5 0 0

8

6 5

1250

4

4 0 0

3 300

i a p s 2

1200

0 1.


TABLE A–11E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Sat. Temp., press., T 8F P sat psia 240 235 230 225 220 215 210 25

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

7.432 8.581 9.869 11.306 12.906 14.680 16.642 18.806 21.185 23.793 26.646 29.759 33.147 36.826 40.813 45.124 49.776 54.787 60.175

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

0.01130 0.01136 0.01143 0.01149 0.01156 0.01163 0.01170 0.01178 0.01185 0.01193 0.01200 0.01208 0.01216 0.01225 0.01233 0.01242 0.01251 0.01261 0.01270

5.7769 5.0489 4.4286 3.8980 3.4424 3.0495 2.7097 2.4146 2.1575 1.9328 1.7358 1.5625 1.4097 1.2746 1.1548 1.0482 0.95323 0.86837 0.79236

Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, u f 20.016

1.483 2.987 4.497 6.014 7.536 9.065 10.601 12.143 13.693 15.249 16.813 18.384 19.963 21.550 23.145 24.749 26.361 27.983

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, h f

89.174 89.16 0.000 88.360 89.84 1.501 87.542 90.53 3.008 86.717 91.21 4.522 85.887 91.90 6.041 85.050 92.59 7.568 84.206 93.27 9.102 83.355 93.96 10.642 82.496 94.64 12.190 81.628 95.32 13.745 80.751 96.00 15.308 79.865 96.68 16.879 78.969 97.35 18.459 78.062 98.03 20.047 77.144 98.69 21.643 76.214 99.36 23.249 75.272 100.02 24.864 74.317 100.68 26.489 73.347 101.33 28.124

Entropy, Btu/lbm?R

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

97.104 96.360 95.608 94.849 94.080 93.303 92.515 91.717 90.907 90.085 89.251 88.403 87.541 86.665 85.772 84.863 83.937 82.993 82.029

97.10 97.86 98.62 99.37 100.12 100.87 101.62 102.36 103.10 103.83 104.56 105.28 106.00 106.71 107.42 108.11 108.80 109.48 110.15

0.00000 0.00355 0.00707 0.01057 0.01404 0.01748 0.02090 0.02430 0.02767 0.03103 0.03436 0.03767 0.04097 0.04424 0.04750 0.05074 0.05397 0.05718 0.06038

0.23136 0.22689 0.22250 0.21819 0.21396 0.20981 0.20572 0.20171 0.19775 0.19385 0.19001 0.18623 0.18249 0.17880 0.17515 0.17154 0.16797 0.16443 0.16093

Sat. vapor, s g 0.23136 0.23044 0.22957 0.22876 0.22800 0.22729 0.22662 0.22600 0.22542 0.22488 0.22437 0.22390 0.22345 0.22304 0.22265 0.22228 0.22194 0.22162 0.22131

967 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–12E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Sat. Press., temp., P psia T sat 8F

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110

0.01113 0.01143 0.01164 0.01181 0.01196 0.01209 0.01221 0.01232 0.01242 0.01252 0.01261 0.01270 0.01278 0.01287 0.01295 0.01303 0.01310 0.01318 0.01325 0.01332 0.01346

8.3740 4.3740 2.9882 2.2781 1.8442 1.5506 1.3382 1.1773 1.0510 0.94909 0.86509 0.79462 0.73462 0.68290 0.63784 0.59822 0.56309 0.53173 0.50356 0.47811 0.43390

253.09 229.52 214.15 22.43

7.17 15.37 22.57 29.01 34.86 40.23 45.20 49.84 54.20 58.30 62.19 65.89 69.41 72.78 76.02 79.12 85.00

Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, u f 23.914

3.132 7.796 11.393 14.367 16.929 19.195 21.236 23.101 24.824 26.428 27.932 29.351 30.696 31.975 33.198 34.369 35.494 36.577 37.623 39.614

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

91.283 87.463 84.907 82.915 81.249 79.799 78.504 77.326 76.240 75.228 74.277 73.378 72.523 71.705 70.921 70.167 69.438 68.733 68.048 67.383 66.102

87.37 90.59 92.70 94.31 95.62 96.73 97.70 98.56 99.34 100.05 100.70 101.31 101.87 102.40 102.90 103.36 103.81 104.23 104.63 105.01 105.72

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, h f 23.903

3.153 7.828 11.436 14.422 16.996 19.274 21.327 23.205 24.939 26.556 28.073 29.505 30.862 32.155 33.391 34.575 35.713 36.810 37.870 39.888

Entropy, Btu/lbm?R

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

99.021 95.536 93.170 91.302 89.725 88.340 87.093 85.950 84.889 83.894 82.954 82.060 81.205 80.385 79.594 78.830 78.089 77.369 76.668 75.984 74.660

95.12 98.69 101.00 102.74 104.15 105.34 106.37 107.28 108.09 108.83 109.51 110.13 110.71 111.25 111.75 112.22 112.66 113.08 113.48 113.85 114.55

Sat. liquid, s f 20.00944

0.00741 0.01806 0.02603 0.03247 0.03792 0.04265 0.04686 0.05065 0.05412 0.05732 0.06028 0.06306 0.06567 0.06813 0.07047 0.07269 0.07481 0.07684 0.07879 0.08247

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

0.24353 0.22208 0.20911 0.19967 0.19218 0.18595 0.18058 0.17586 0.17164 0.16780 0.16429 0.16104 0.15801 0.15518 0.15251 0.14998 0.14758 0.14529 0.14311 0.14101 0.13706

0.23409 0.22949 0.22717 0.22570 0.22465 0.22386 0.22324 0.22272 0.22229 0.22192 0.22160 0.22132 0.22107 0.22084 0.22064 0.22045 0.22027 0.22011 0.21995 0.21981 0.21953


TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a T 8F

P

Sat. 220 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

5

10 psia (T sat

4.3740 4.4856 4.7135 4.9380 5.1600 5.3802 5.5989 5.8165 6.0331 6.2490 6.4642 6.6789 6.8930 7.1068 P

Sat. 20 40 60 80


v

ft3 /lbm

5

90.59 92.14 95.42 98.77 102.21 105.73 109.33 113.02 116.80 120.66 124.62 128.66 132.78 136.99

5 229.528F)

98.69 100.44 104.14 107.91 111.76 115.68 119.69 123.78 127.96 132.23 136.58 141.01 145.54 150.14

30 psia (T sat

1.5506 96.73 1.5691 97.56 1.6528 101.18 1.7338 104.83 1.8130 108.54

5

0.22949 0.23351 0.24175 0.24978 0.25763 0.26533 0.27290 0.28035 0.28768 0.29492 0.30205 0.30910 0.31606 0.32293

15.378F)

105.34 106.27 110.35 114.45 118.60

0.22386 0.22583 0.23416 0.24220 0.25003

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

5

h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R

15 psia (T sat

5 214.158F)

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

5


20 psia (T sat

5 22.438F)

2.9882

92.70

101.00

0.22717

2.2781

94.31

102.74

0.22570

3.1001 3.2551 3.4074 3.5577 3.7064 3.8540 4.0006 4.1464 4.2915 4.4361 4.5802 4.7239

95.08 98.49 101.96 105.51 109.14 112.85 116.64 120.52 124.49 128.53 132.67 136.89

103.69 107.52 111.42 115.38 119.42 123.54 127.75 132.03 136.40 140.85 145.38 150.00

0.23312 0.24129 0.24924 0.25702 0.26465 0.27214 0.27952 0.28678 0.29395 0.30102 0.30800 0.31489

2.2922 2.4130 2.5306 2.6461 2.7600 2.8726 2.9842 3.0950 3.2051 3.3146 3.4237 3.5324

94.73 98.19 101.71 105.29 108.94 112.67 116.48 120.38 124.35 128.41 132.56 136.78

103.21 107.12 111.07 115.08 119.15 123.30 127.53 131.83 136.22 140.68 145.23 149.86

0.22673 0.23506 0.24313 0.25099 0.25868 0.26623 0.27364 0.28094 0.28814 0.29523 0.30223 0.30914

P

5

40 psia (T sat

5

29.018F)

P

5

50 psia (T sat

5

40.238F)

1.1773

98.56

107.28

0.22272

0.9491

100.05 108.83

0.22192

1.2126 1.2768 1.3389

100.61 104.35 108.12

109.59 113.80 118.03

0.22740 0.23567 0.24365

1.0019 1.0540

103.85 113.12 107.69 117.44

0.23033 0.23849

969 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded ) T 8F

P

Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

5

90 psia (T sat

0.53173 0.54388 0.57729 0.60874 0.63885 0.66796 0.69629 0.72399 0.75119 0.77796 0.80437 0.83048 0.85633 0.88195 P

Sat. 120 140 160 180


v

ft3 /lbm

5

104.23 105.75 109.91 114.05 118.20 122.39 126.63 130.92 135.28 139.70 144.19 148.75 153.39 158.09

72.788F)

P

113.08 0.22011 114.81 0.22332 119.53 0.23191 124.19 0.24009 128.84 0.24799 133.51 0.25565 138.22 0.26313 142.98 0.27045 147.79 0.27763 152.66 0.28469 157.59 0.29164 162.58 0.29849 167.65 0.30524 172.78 0.31191

0.47811 0.47906 0.51076 0.54022 0.56821 0.59513 0.62122 0.64667 0.67158 0.69605 0.72016 0.74396 0.76749 0.79079

140 psia (T sat

0.33800 0.36243 0.38551 0.40711 0.42766

107.52 111.97 116.42 120.82 125.23

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm

5

5

100 psia (T sat

100.518F)

P

116.28 0.21883 121.36 0.22775 126.40 0.23630 131.37 0.24444 136.31 0.25229

0.29339 0.30578 0.32774 0.34790 0.36686

5

5


105.01 105.19 109.46 113.66 117.86 122.09 126.36 130.68 135.05 139.50 144.00 148.58 153.22 157.94

79.128F)

113.85 114.06 118.91 123.66 128.38 133.10 137.85 142.64 147.48 152.38 157.33 162.34 167.42 172.57

160 psia (T sat 108.51 111.01 115.63 120.14 124.63

5

5

0.21981 0.22018 0.22902 0.23735 0.24535 0.25310 0.26065 0.26802 0.27525 0.28234 0.28932 0.29620 0.30297 0.30966

109.508F)

117.20 120.07 125.33 130.44 135.49

0.21840 0.22339 0.23232 0.24070 0.24872


v

ft3 /lbm P

5

120 psia (T sat

5

90.498F)

0.39681 106.37 115.18 0.41013 0.43692 0.46190 0.48563 0.50844 0.53054 0.55206 0.57312 0.59379 0.61413 0.63420 0.65402 P

5

108.49 112.85 117.16 121.47 125.80 130.18 134.60 139.08 143.62 148.22 152.89 157.62

117.59 122.55 127.42 132.25 137.09 141.96 146.86 151.80 156.80 161.86 166.97 172.15

180 psia (T sat

0.25833 0.26083 0.28231 0.30154 0.31936

109.38 109.95 114.78 119.43 124.01

5

0.21928 0.22364 0.23234 0.24059 0.24853 0.25621 0.26370 0.27102 0.27819 0.28523 0.29216 0.29898 0.30571

117.698F)

117.98 118.64 124.18 129.47 134.65

0.21799 0.21912 0.22852 0.23720 0.24542


–20 3000

20

2000 9

100

3

t f /

0

5 8

0

5 9

60

8

m b l 5

5 6

0 7

0

6

7

1000

5 5

140 5 0

4 5

4 0

180 3 5

3 0

2 4

220

2 0

8 4 0

=

1 2 9.6

1000

4.8

1

T

400

2000

7. 2

0

R-134a

3

8 l b m / f t

y = 1 D e n s i t

2

1

260 3000

3.6

400

1

1.8

100

0.96 0. 72

2 0

-

6 0

0 0 2 . 0 0 0

.

-

10 T = -

4 0 . 0

6 0 . 0

8 0 . 0

0 1 . 0

4 2 1 1 . . 0 0

0.18 6 8 1 . 1 . 0 0

0 2 . 0

d i u q i l

1 0 0

d F e t a r

°

u t

1

40

0.24

2 0

.

100

0. 48 0.36

4 2 0 0 . 0 0 -

200

1.2

6 0

a i s p , e r u s s 40 e r P

4

2. 4

F

°

200

20

0 0

2

3 . 0

4

5 .

6 . 0

7 .

8 . 0

9 . 0

2 2 . 0

r u o p a v d e t

4 2 . 6 0 2 . 0

R · m b l / 2 u t 3 . 8 B 0 2 . 0 0 3 . 0 =

0.12 4 3 . 0

s 0

0

0 0 0 0 2 6

0 8 4 1 1

20

0 0 2 6 2 2

6 3 . 0

8 3 . 0

F °

0 0 3

=

T

0 4 3

0

8 3

0.096

0 4 .

0 0 2 4

2 4

0 6 4

2 4 . 0 0 0 5

10

0.0 72 0.048 0

0 0 4 8

5 5

0.036

0.024

2 6

4

971 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–16E Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude, ft 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000

Temperature, 8F 59.00 57.22 55.43 53.65 51.87 50.09 48.30 46.52 44.74 42.96 41.17 39.39 37.61 35.83 34.05 32.26 30.48 28.70 26.92

Pressure, psia 14.7 14.4 14.2 13.9 13.7 13.4 13.2 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.6 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.7 10.5

Gravity, g , ft/s2

Speed of sound, ft/s

Density, lbm/ft3

Viscosity m, lbm/ft?s

32.174 32.173 32.171 32.169 32.168 32.166 32.165 32.163 32.162 32.160 32.159 32.157 32.156 32.154 32.152 32.151 32.149 32.148 32.146

1116 1115 1113 1111 1109 1107 1105 1103 1101 1099 1097 1095 1093 1091 1089 1087 1085 1083 1081

0.07647 0.07536 0.07426 0.07317 0.07210 0.07104 0.06998 0.06985 0.06792 0.06690 0.06590 0.06491 0.06393 0.06296 0.06200 0.06105 0.06012 0.05919 0.05828

1.202 1.199 1.196 1.193 1.190 1.186 1.183 1.180 1.177 1.173 1.170 1.167 1.164 1.160 1.157 1.154 1.150 1.147 1.144

3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5

3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5

3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5

3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5

3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5

Thermal conductivity, Btu/h?ft?R 0.0146 0.0146 0.0146 0.0145 0.0145 0.0144 0.0144 0.0143 0.0143 0.0142 0.0142 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141 0.0140 0.0140 0.0139 0.0139 0.0138


TABLE A–17E Ideal-gas properties of air T R

h Btu/lbm

P r

u Btu/lbm

v r

s 8 Btu/lbm?R

T R

h Btu/lbm

P r

u Btu/lbm

v r

s 8 Btu/lbm?R

360 380 400 420 440

85.97 90.75 95.53 100.32 105.11

0.3363 0.4061 0.4858 0.5760 0.6776

61.29 64.70 68.11 71.52 74.93

396.6 346.6 305.0 270.1 240.6

0.50369 0.51663 0.52890 0.54058 0.55172

1600 1650 1700 1750 1800

395.74 409.13 422.59 436.12 449.71

71.13 80.89 90.95 101.98 114.0

286.06 296.03 306.06 316.16 326.32

8.263 7.556 6.924 6.357 5.847

0.87130 0.87954 0.88758 0.89542 0.90308

460 480 500 520 537 540

109.90 114.69 119.48 124.27 128.10 129.06

0.7913 0.9182 1.0590 1.2147 1.3593 1.3860

78.36 81.77 85.20 88.62 91.53 92.04

215.33 193.65 174.90 158.58 146.34 144.32

0.56235 0.57255 0.58233 0.59173 0.59945 0.60078

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

463.37 477.09 490.88 504.71 518.71 532.55

127.2 141.5 157.1 174.0 192.3 212.1

336.55 346.85 357.20 367.61 378.08 388.60

5.388 4.974 4.598 4.258 3.949 3.667

0.91056 0.91788 0.92504 0.93205 0.93891 0.94564

560 580 600 620 640

133.86 138.66 143.47 148.28 153.09

1.5742 95.47 131.78 1.7800 98.90 120.70 2.005 102.34 110.88 2.249 105.78 102.12 2.514 109.21 94.30

0.60950 0.61793 0.62607 0.63395 0.64159

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

546.54 560.59 574.69 588.82 603.00

223.5 256.6 281.4 308.1 336.8

399.17 409.78 420.46 431.16 441.91

3.410 3.176 2.961 2.765 2.585

0.95222 0.95919 0.96501 0.97123 0.97732

660 680 700 720

157.92 162.73 167.56 172.39

2.801 3.111 3.446 3.806

0.64902 0.65621 0.66321 0.67002

2400 2450 2500 2550

617.22 631.48 645.78 660.12

367.6 400.5 435.7 473.3

452.70 463.54 474.40 485.31

2.419 2.266 2.125 1.996

0.98331 0.98919 0.99497 1.00064

112.67 116.12 119.58 123.04

87.27 80.96 75.25 70.07

973 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–17E Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded ) T R

h Btu/lbm

P r

u Btu/lbm

v r

T R

h Btu/lbm

4000 1088.3

3280

814.06

0.4518 1.13334

4600

1270.4

6089

4050 4100 4150 4200 4300

1103.4 1118.5 1133.6 1148.7 1179.0

3464 3656 3858 4067 4513

825.72 837.40 849.09 860.81 884.28

0.4331 0.4154 0.3985 0.3826 0.3529

1.13709 1.14079 1.14446 1.14809 1.15522

4700 4800 4900 5000 5100

1300.9 1331.5 1362.2 1392.9 1423.6

6701 7362 8073 8837 9658

4400 1209.4 4500 1239.9

4997 5521

907.81 931.39

0.3262 1.16221 0.3019 1.16905

5200 5300

1454.4 1485.3

10,539 11,481

s8 Btu/lbm?R

P r

u Btu/lbm

v r

s8 Btu/lbm?R

955.04 0.2799 1.17575 978.73 1002.5 1026.3 1050.1 1074.0

0.2598 0.2415 0.2248 0.2096 0.1956

1.18232 1.18876 1.19508 1.20129 1.20738

1098.0 1122.0

0.1828 1.21336 0.1710 1.2192

Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 832–33, Table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).


TABLE A–18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

300 320 340 360 380

2,082.0 2,221.0 2,360.0 2,498.9 2,638.0

1,486.2 1,585.5 1,684.4 1,784.0 1,883.4

41.695 42.143 42.564 42.962 43.337

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,551.0 7,695.0 7,839.3 7,984.0 8,129.0

5,406.2 5,510.5 5,615.2 5,720.1 5,825.4

50.651 50.783 50.912 51.040 51.167

400 420 440 460 480

2,777.0 2,916.1 3,055.1 3,194.1 3,333.1

1,982.6 2,082.0 2,181.3 2,280.6 2,379.9

43.694 44.034 44.357 44.665 44.962

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,274.4 8,420.0 8,566.1 8,712.6 8,859.3

5,931.0 6,037.0 6,143.4 6,250.1 6,357.2

51.291 51.143 51.534 51.653 51.771

500 520 537 540 560

3,472.2 3,611.3 3,729.5 3,750.3 3,889.5

2,479.3 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,678.0 2,777.4

45.246 45.519 45.743 45.781 46.034

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,006.4 9,153.9 9,301.8 9,450.0 9,598.6

6,464.5 6,572.3 6,680.4 6,788.9 6,897.8

51.887 51.001 52.114 52.225 52.335

580 600 620 640

4,028.7 4,167.9 4,307.1 4,446.4

2,876.9 2,976.4 3,075.9 3,175.5

46.278 46.514 46.742 46.964

1380 1400 1420 1440

9,747.5 9,896.9 10,046.6 10,196.6

7,007.0 7,116.7 7,226.7 7,337.0

52.444 52.551 52.658 52.763

975 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R

T R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

13,742 14,058 14,375 14,694 15,013

9,968 10,205 10,443 10,682 10,923

54.896 55.061 55.223 55.383 55.540

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

15,334 15,656 15,978 16,302 16,626

11,164 11,406 11,649 11,893 12,138

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

16,951 17,277 17,604 17,392 18,260

2500 2540 2580 2620

18,590 18,919 19,250 19,582

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

27,016 27,359 27,703 28,046 28,391

20,065 20,329 20,593 20,858 21,122

59.944 60.041 60.138 60.234 60.328

55.694 55.846 55.995 56.141 56.286

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

28,735 29,080 29,425 29,771 30,117

21,387 21,653 21,919 22,185 22,451

60.422 60.515 60.607 60.698 60.788

12,384 12,630 12,878 13,126 13,375

56.429 56.570 56.708 56.845 56.980

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

30,463 30,809 31,156 31,503 31,850

22,718 22,985 23,252 23,520 23,788

60.877 60.966 61.053 61.139 61.225

13,625 13,875 14,127 14,379

57.112 57.243 57.372 57.499

4100 4140 4180 4220

32,198 32,546 32,894 33,242

24,056 24,324 24,593 24,862

61.310 61.395 61.479 61.562


TABLE A–19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

300 320 340 360 380

2,073.5 2,212.6 2,351.7 2,490.8 2,630.0

1,477.8 1,577.1 1,676.5 1,775.9 1,875.3

44.927 45.375 45.797 46.195 46.571

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,696.8 7,850.4 8,004.5 8,159.1 8,314.2

5,552.1 5,665.9 5,780.3 5,895.2 6,010.6

54.064 54.204 54.343 54.480 54.614

400 420 440 460 480

2,769.1 2,908.3 3,047.5 3,186.9 3,326.5

1,974.8 2,074.3 2,173.8 2,273.4 2,373.3

46.927 47.267 47.591 47.900 48.198

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,469.8 8,625.8 8,782.4 8,939.4 9,096.7

6,126.5 6,242.8 6,359.6 6,476.9 6,594.5

54.748 54.879 55.008 55.136 55.262

500 520 537 540 560

3,466.2 3,606.1 3,725.1 3,746.2 3,886.6

2,473.2 2,573.4 2,658.7 2,673.8 2,774.5

48.483 48.757 48.982 49.021 49.276

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,254.6 9,412.9 9,571.9 9,730.7 9,890.2

6,712.7 6,831.3 6,950.2 7,069.6 7,189.4

55.386 55.508 55.630 55.750 55.867

580 600 620 640

4,027.3 4,168.3 4,309.7 4,451.4

2,875.5 2,976.8 3,078.4 3,180.4

49.522 49.762 49.993 50.218

1380 1400 1420 1440

10,050.1 10,210.4 10,371.0 10,532.0

7,309.6 7,430.1 7,551.1 7,672.4

55.984 56.099 56.213 56.326

977 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R

T R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

14,322 14,658 14,995 15,333 15,672

10,549 10,806 11,063 11,321 11,581

58.607 58.782 58.954 59.123 59.289

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

16,011 16,351 16,692 17,036 17,376

11,841 12,101 12,363 12,625 12,888

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

17,719 18,062 18,407 18,572 19,097

2500 2540 2580 2620

19,443 19,790 20,138 20,485

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

28,273 28,633 28,994 29,354 29,716

21,323 21,603 21,884 22,165 22,447

63.914 64.016 64.114 64.217 64.316

59.451 59.612 59.770 59.926 60.077

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

30,078 30,440 30,803 31,166 31,529

22,730 23,013 23,296 23,580 23,864

64.415 64.512 64.609 64.704 64.800

13,151 13,416 13,680 13,946 14,212

60.228 60.376 60.522 60.666 60.808

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

31,894 32,258 32,623 32,989 33,355

24,149 24,434 24,720 25,006 25,292

64.893 64.986 65.078 65.169 65.260

14,479 14,746 15,014 15,282

60.946 61.084 61.220 61.354

4100 4140 4180 4220

33,722 34,089 34,456 34,824

25,580 25,867 26,155 26,144

65.350 64.439 65.527 65.615


TABLE A–20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

300 320 340 360 380

2,108.2 2,256.6 2,407.3 2,560.5 2,716.4

1,512.4 1,621.1 1,732.1 1,845.6 1,961.8

46.353 46.832 47.289 47.728 48.148

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

9,575.8 9,802.6 10,030.6 10,260.1 10,490.6

7,431.1 7,618.1 7,806.4 7,996.2 8,187.0

58.072 58.281 58.485 58.689 58.889

400 420 440 460 480

2,874.7 3,035.7 3,199.4 3,365.7 3,534.7

2,080.4 2,201.7 2,325.6 2,452.2 2,581.5

48.555 48.947 49.329 49.698 50.058

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

10,722.3 10,955.3 11,189.4 11,424.6 11,661.0

8,379.0 8,572.3 8,766.6 8,962.1 9,158.8

59.088 59.283 59.477 59.668 59.858

500 520 537 540 560

3,706.2 3,880.3 4,027.5 4,056.8 4,235.8

2,713.3 2,847.7 2,963.8 2,984.4 3,123.7

50.408 50.750 51.032 51.082 51.408

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

11,898.4 12,136.9 12,376.4 12,617.0 12,858.5

9,356.5 9,555.3 9,755.0 9,955.9 10,157.7

60.044 60.229 60.412 60.593 60.772

580 600 620 640

4,417.2 4,600.9 4,786.6 4,974.9

3,265.4 3,409.4 3,555.6 3,704.0

51.726 52.038 52.343 52.641

1380 1400 1420 1440

13,101.0 13,344.7 13,589.1 13,834.5

10,360.5 10,564.5 10,769.2 10,974.8

60.949 61.124 61.298 61.469

979 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

19,698 20,224 20,753 21,284 21,818

15,925 16,372 16,821 17,273 17,727

64.999 65.272 65.543 65.809 66.069

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

41,965 42,543 43,121 43,701 44,280

35,015 35,513 36,012 36,512 37,012

73.462 73.627 73.789 73.951 74.110

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

22,353 22,890 23,429 23,970 24,512

18,182 18,640 19,101 19,561 20,024

66.327 66.581 66.830 67.076 67.319

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

44,861 45,442 46,023 46,605 47,188

37,513 38,014 38,517 39,019 39,522

74.267 74.423 74.578 74.732 74.884

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

25,056 25,602 26,150 26,699 27,249

20,489 20,955 21,423 21,893 22,364

67.557 67.792 68.025 68.253 68.479

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

47,771 48,355 48,939 49,524 50,109

40,026 40,531 41,035 41,541 42,047

75.033 75.182 75.330 75.477 75.622

2500 2540 2580 2620

27,801 28,355 28,910 29,465

22,837 23,310 23,786 24,262

68.702 68.921 69.138 69.352

4100 4140 4180 4220

50,695 51,282 51,868 52,456

42,553 43,060 43,568 44,075

75.765 75.907 76.048 76.188

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R


TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

CO _ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

300 320 340 360 380

2,081.9 2,220.9 2,359.9 2,498.8 2,637.9

1,486.1 1,585.4 1,684.7 1,783.9 1,883.3

43.223 43.672 44.093 44.490 44.866

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,571.1 7,716.8 7,862.9 8,009.2 8,156.1

5,426.4 5,532.3 5,638.7 5,745.4 5,851.5

52.203 52.337 52.468 52.598 52.726

400 420 440 460 480

2,776.9 2,916.0 3,055.0 3,194.0 3,333.0

1,982.6 2,081.9 2,181.2 2,280.5 2,379.8

45.223 45.563 45.886 46.194 46.491

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,303.3 8,450.8 8,598.8 8,747.2 8,896.0

5,960.0 6,067.8 6,176.0 6,284.7 6,393.8

52.852 52.976 53.098 53.218 53.337

500 520 537 540 560

3,472.1 3,611.2 3,725.1 3,750.3 3,889.5

2,479.2 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,677.9 2,777.4

46.775 47.048 47.272 47.310 47.563

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,045.0 9,194.6 9,344.6 9,494.8 9,645.5

6,503.1 6,613.0 6,723.2 6,833.7 6,944.7

53.455 53.571 53.685 53.799 53.910

580 600 620 640

4,028.7 4,168.0 4,307.4 4,446.9

2,876.9 2,976.5 3,076.2 3,175.9

47.807 48.044 48.272 48.494

1380 1400 1420 1440

9,796.6 9,948.1 10,100.0 10,252.2

7,056.1 7,167.9 7,280.1 7,392.6

54.021 54.129 54.237 54.344

981 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R

T R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

13,850 14,170 14,492 14,815 15,139

10,077 10,318 10,560 10,803 11,048

56.509 56.677 56.841 57.007 57.161

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

15,463 15,789 16,116 16,443 16,722

11,293 11,539 11,787 12,035 12,284

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

17,101 17,431 17,762 18,093 18,426

2500 2540 2580 2620

18,759 19,093 19,427 19,762

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

27,262 27,608 27,954 28,300 28,647

20,311 20,576 20,844 21,111 21,378

61.612 61.710 61.807 61.903 61.998

57.317 57.470 57.621 57.770 57.917

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

28,994 29,341 29,688 30,036 30,384

21,646 21,914 22,182 22,450 22,719

62.093 62.186 62.279 62.370 62.461

12,534 12,784 13,035 13,287 13,541

58.062 58.204 58.344 58.482 58.619

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

30,733 31,082 31,431 31,780 32,129

22,988 23,257 23,527 23,797 24,067

62.511 62.640 62.728 62.816 62.902

13,794 14,048 14,303 14,559

58.754 58.885 59.016 59.145

4100 4140 4180 4220

32,479 32,829 33,179 33,530

24,337 24,608 24,878 25,149

62.988 63.072 63.156 63.240


TABLE A–22E Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

_ s8 Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s8 Btu/lbmol?R

300 320 340 360 380

2,063.5 2,189.4 2,317.2 2,446.8 2,577.8

1,467.7 1,553.9 1,642.0 1,731.9 1,823.2

27.337 27.742 28.130 28.501 28.856

1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

9,673.8 10,381.5 11,092.5 11,807.4 12,526.8

6,893.6 7,402.7 7,915.1 8,431.4 8,952.2

37.883 38.372 38.830 39.264 39.675

400 420 440 460 480

2,710.2 2,843.7 2,978.1 3,113.5 3,249.4

1,915.8 2,009.6 2,104.3 2,200.0 2,296.2

29.195 29.520 29.833 30.133 20.424

1900 2000 2100 2200 2300

13,250.9 13,980.1 14,714.5 15,454.4 16,199.8

9,477.8 10,008.4 10,544.2 11,085.5 11,632.3

40.067 40.441 40.799 41.143 41.475

500 520 537 540 560

3,386.1 3,523.2 3,640.3 3,660.9 3,798.8

2,393.2 2,490.6 2,573.9 2,588.5 2,686.7

30.703 30.972 31.194 31.232 31.482

2400 2500 2600 2700 2800

16,950.6 17,707.3 18,469.7 19,237.8 20,011.8

12,184.5 12,742.6 13,306.4 13,876.0 14,451.4

41.794 42.104 42.403 42.692 42.973

580 600 620 640

3,937.1 4,075.6 4,214.3 4,353.1

2,785.3 2,884.1 2,983.1 3,082.1

31.724 31.959 32.187 32.407

2900 3000 3100 3200

20,791.5 21,576.9 22,367.7 23,164.1

15,032.5 15,619.3 16,211.5 16,809.3

43.247 43.514 43.773 44.026

983 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

300 320 340 360 380

2,367.6 2,526.8 2,686.0 2,845.1 3,004.4

1,771.8 1,891.3 2,010.8 2,130.2 2,249.8

40.439 40.952 41.435 41.889 42.320

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

8,768.2 8,942.0 9,116.4 9,291.4 9,467.1

6,623.5 6,757.5 6,892.2 7,027.5 7,163.5

50.854 51.013 51.171 51.325 51.478

400 420 440 460 480

3,163.8 3,323.2 3,482.7 3,642.3 3,802.0

2,369.4 2,489.1 2,608.9 2,728.8 2,848.8

42.728 43.117 43.487 43.841 44.182

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

9,643.4 9,820.4 9,998.0 10,176.1 10,354.9

7,300.1 7,437.4 7,575.2 7,713.6 7,852.7

51.360 51.777 51.925 52.070 52.212

500 520 537 540 560

3,962.0 4,122.0 4,258.0 4,282.4 4,442.8

2,969.1 3,089.4 3,191.9 3,210.0 3,330.7

44.508 44.821 45.079 45.124 45.415

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

10,534.4 10,714.5 10,895.3 11,076.6 11,258.7

7,992.5 8,132.9 8,274.0 8,415.5 8,557.9

52.354 52.494 52.631 52.768 52.903

580 600 620 640

4,603.7 4,764.7 4,926.1 5,087.8

3,451.9 3,573.2 3,694.9 3,816.8

45.696 45.970 46.235 46.492

1380 1400 1420 1440

11,441.4 11,624.8 11,808.8 11,993.4

8,700.9 8,844.6 8,988.9 9,133.8

53.037 53.168 53.299 53.428


TABLE A–23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O (Continued ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

16,428 16,830 17,235 17,643 18,054

12,654 12,977 13,303 13,632 13,963

56.097 56.307 56.514 56.719 56.920

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

34,324 34,809 35,296 35,785 36,274

27,373 27,779 28,187 28,596 29,006

62.876 63.015 63.153 63.288 63.423

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

18,467 18,883 19,301 19,722 20,145

14,297 14,633 14,972 15,313 15,657

57.119 57.315 57.509 57.701 57.889

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

36,765 37,258 37,752 38,247 38,743

29,418 29,831 30,245 30,661 31,077

63.557 63.690 63.821 63.952 64.082

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

20,571 20,999 21,429 21,862 22,298

16,003 16,352 16,703 17,057 17,413

58.077 58.261 58.445 58.625 58.803

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

39,240 39,739 40,239 40,740 41,242

31,495 31,915 32,335 32,757 33,179

64.210 64.338 64.465 64.591 64.715

2500 2540 2580 2620

22,735 23,175 23,618 24,062

17,771 18,131 18,494 18,859

58.980 59.155 59.328 59.500

4100 4140 4180 4220

41,745 42,250 42,755 43,267

33,603 34,028 34,454 34,881

64.839 64.962 65.084 65.204

985 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–26E Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 778F, 1 atm _ _ _ h f 8 g f 8 s 8 Substance Formula Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n -Butane n -Octane n -Octane

C(s ) H2(g ) N2(g ) O2(g ) CO(g ) CO2(g ) H2O(g ) H2O(,) H2O2(g ) NH3(g ) CH4(g ) C2H2(g ) C2H4(g ) C2H6(g ) C3H6(g ) C3H8(g ) C4H10(g ) C8H18(g ) C8H18(,)

0 0 0 0 247,540 2169,300 2104,040 2122,970 258,640 219,750 232,210 197,540 122,490 236,420 18,790 244,680 254,270 289,680 2107,530

0 0 0 0 259,010 2169,680 298,350 2102,040 245,430 27,140 221,860 187,990 129,306 214,150 126,980 210,105 26,760 17,110 12,840

1.36 31.21 45.77 49.00 47.21 51.07 45.11 16.71 55.60 45.97 44.49 48.00 52.54 54.85 63.80 64.51 74.11 111.55 86.23


TABLE A–27E Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Fuel (phase)

Formula

Molar mass, lbm/lbmol

Carbon (s ) Hydrogen (g ) Carbon monoxide (g ) Methane (g ) Methanol (,) Acetylene (g ) Ethane (g ) Ethanol (,) Propane (,) Butane (,) 1-Pentene (,) Isopentane (,) Benzene (,) Hexene (,) Hexane (,) Toluene (,) Heptane (,) Octane (,)

C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18

12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231

Enthalpy of Density,1 vaporization,2 lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm 125 — — — 49.3 — — 49.3 31.2 36.1 40.0 39.1 54.7 42.0 41.2 54.1 42.7 43.9

— — — 219 502 — 74 395 144 156 156 — 186 169 157 177 157 156

Specific heat,1 c p Btu/lbm?8F 0.169 3.44 0.251 0.525 0.604 0.404 0.418 0.583 0.662 0.578 0.525 0.554 0.411 0.439 0.542 0.408 0.535 0.533

Higher heating value,3 Btu/lbm

Lower heating value,3 Btu/lbm

14,100 60,970 4,340 23,880 9,740 21,490 22,320 12,760 21,640 21,130 20,540 20,890 17,970 20,430 20,770 18,230 20,680 20,590

14,100 51,600 4,340 21,520 8,570 20,760 20,430 11,530 19,930 19,510 19,190 19,310 17,240 19,090 19,240 17,420 19,180 19,100

Çengel - Thermodynamics (An Engineering Approach) 8th Ed (TABELAS).pdf

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