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"Energy inefciency and environmental pollution remain the most threatening o Chinas economic development problems." Assess this view. view. Ater China’s reorm and opening up in 19! China has increasingly become energy dependent and polluting to the e#tent its economic growth now has to be thwarted or growth to be sustainable. $hile the CC% has ta&en several initiatives to cope with the energy efciency and environmental degradation issues the e#tent o pollution caused in part by energy inefciency and other sources in China is so severe that it has become an issue o e'ual importance as sustaining the economy thereby e(ectively ma&ing it now a hindrance to the economy as it costs China economically to clean up be it in the orm o e#penditure or loss in reven revenue. ue. )hereor )hereore e this this essay essay see&s see&s to argue argue that that energy energy inefci inefcienc ency y and environment environmental al degradation degradation is a hindrance hindrance to economic economic development development in the long term as it eventually one day or another China would have to pay bac&. Environmental degradation as a result o energy inefciency has lowered living standards in both rural and urban regions unsettled social stability and thus disr disrup upte ted d Chin China’ a’s s su sust stai aine ned d econ econom omic ic grow growth th.. A cons conse' e'ue uenc nce e o rapi rapid d indust industrial riali*a i*atio tion n and urbani urbani*at *ation ion air and water water pollut pollution ion have have worsen worsened ed by China’s heavy reliance on coal or energy. +y ,-- China has ta&en over the / or or the the 0rst 0rst time time as the the worl world’ d’s s top top prod produc ucer er o green greenho hous use e gase gases. s. )his )his is worsened by the greater dependence on motor vehicles as the basic means o transport and the problem o corruption. $ater and air pollution by ,-1, have caused ---- premature deaths and around !2 o 34%. 5 this goes on it could not not only only upse upsett Chin China’ a’s s soci socio6p o6pol olit itic ical al stab stabili ility ty the the oun ounda dati tion on o Chine Chinese se econ econom omic ic devel evelop opme ment nt as peop people le begu egun to 0ght ght vigo igorous ously or or their heir enviro environme nmenta ntall rights rights it can also also a(ect a(ect China’ China’s s ood ood produ producti ction on resul resultin ting g in higher costs o living hence sowing sowing seeds o social social dissents. Environmental degradation as a result o energy inefciency also resulted in the depl deplet etio ion n o clea clean n wate waterr su supp pply ly and and arab arable le lands lands whic which h are are esse essent ntia iall or or sustaining China’s economic growth. )he 'uic& solution o using polluting source o energy to ul0ll China’s energy needs has distorted China’s ecological climate. 7ver one6'uarter o China’s land is now desert. China has lost twice as much orested land over the century as it now possesses. 8ore than a third o China’s land is being scoured by serious erosion that is putting the country’s crops and water supply at ris&. /oil is being washed and blown away not only in remote rural areas but also near mines actories and even in cities. Each year about . billion tonnes o soil are lost threatening the country’s ability to eed itsel. 5 the loss continuous at this rate harvests in China’s north eastern breadbas&et could all all -2 2 in - year years s addi adding ng to eros erosio ion n cost costs s esti estima mate ted d at ,--bi ,--bill llion ion yuan yuan between ,--1 and ,-1- alone. 7nly : o China’s , largest cities supply drin&ing water that meets the state’s standards. 7utside China’s ma;or cities the growing number o privately run cottage industries has dramatically increased local water pollution. the government gave :-billion yuan to environmental protection including orest protection reclaiming armlands or orests and combating deserti0cation. China is the world largest investor in clean energy spending /4 >.:billion in ,--9. )he government is o(ering ----yuan subsidies subsidies or the purchase purchase o plug in hybrid electric vehicles and :----yuan or
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pure electric vehicles in 0ve cities. )he 3olden /un %rogram will subsidi*e -2 o the costs o building above --megawatts solar power pro;ects and transmitting and and dis distr tribu ibuti ting ng the the sola solarr power power orm orm thos those e pro; pro;ec ects ts.. 5n remo remote te areas areas the the incentive will go up to -2. /ome /ome have have argued argued that the e(ect e(ect o enviro environmen nmental tal degrad degradati ation on caused caused by Chin China’ a’s s ener energy gy inef inefci cien enc cy on the econ econo omy has has been been limi limitted by the government’s drastic policies. )he capital adopted several measures including shutting down construction sites and actories around +ei;ing while getting more coal6burning homes and enterprises to convert to gas. 8ore vehicles that all short o emissions standards will be removed rom the roads and petrol stations must o(er high6'uality petrol and diesel. 7ver >- ofcials in the southern city o ?antong were the latest to be e#posed or ta&ing bribes rom the enterprises to condon condone e their their pollut polluting ing activi activitie ties. s. China China has succee succeeded ded lowerin lowering g its energ energy y consumption per unit o 34% by ,-2 by ,-1-. China shut down small thermal power6generation units with a total installed capacity o >.,13$ phased out :-.9mi :-.9millio llionn nn tonnes tonnes o bac&war bac&ward d steel6m steel6ma&i a&ing ng capacit capacity y o >.,13 >.,13$ $. Chin Chin increased in wind power generating capacity rom >-8$ to 1-3$. +y end o ,-- ,-- more more than than ,:.mi ,:.milli llion on rural rural househ household olds s were were us using ing househ household old bio6gas bio6gas digesters thereby reducing carbon emissions by million tonnes. 5nnovative solutions have also been devised by CC% to combine the need or enviro environme nmenta ntall conser conservat vation ion and hence hence energy energy efcienc efciency y with with the pursui pursuitt o economic growth. /inopec has upgraded its desulphuri*ation acilities to produce cleaner uel. nder China’s 11 th =ive6year =ive6year %lan it is developing hydropower solar power wind power natural gas biomass uel and methane. $ind resources are concentrated in the northern and western regions o China as well as along the coast and are suitable or both rural village electri0cation and large scale grid connected electricity production. Current utili*ation o solar e nergy induces small scale uses es such as househo ehold consumption ion telev levision relay lays and commun communica icatio tions ns but it increa increasin sing g steadi steadily ly especi especiall ally y in the number number o solar solar &itchen ranges to substitute or the use o coal. $hile solar and wind power provid provide e sig signi0 ni0can cantt renewa renewable ble energy energy potent potential ial China’ China’s s growt growth h in renewa renewable ble energy in the ne#t decade will be dominated by hydropower particularly with completion o the 1!.,gigawatt )hree 3orges 4am pro;ect in ,--9. 4espite the determined measures ta&en to stem environmental degradation and energy inefciency these e(orts continue to be undermined by challenges such as prer prero ogati gative ves s or or rapi rapid d grow growth th cor corrupt ruptio ion n and and wea& wea& eno enorrceme cement nt.. Environmental problems thereore continue to hinder China’s economic growth. 8any believe that what China lac&s is strong political will to enorce anti6pollution laws and measures to overcome the vested6interest groups that bloc& them. 7ne main obstacle to environmental reorms that neti*ens have pointed 0ngers at are state6owned oil giants. )he oil companies have dragged their eet over producing better 'uality cleaner uel so that cars can meet emission standards because re0ning cleaner uel would ;ac& up their costs. )he pollution problem really lies in China’s oil standards which are not high enough. 5n conclu conclusio sion n the CC% has ta&en several several initia initiativ tives es to cope cope with with the the energy energy efci efci d vi tal tal de adati adati is
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revenue. )hereore )hereore energy inefciency and hence environmental degradation is a hindrance to economic development in the long term as it eventually one day or another China would have to pay bac&.
