The Digital Economy and Economic Development

AGENCE NATIONALE DE LA RECHERCHE

UMR 5600 Environnement Environn ement – Ville - société

The Digital Economy and Economic Development of Peripheral Areas in Developed Countries A Selected Bibliography Bruno MORISET Department of Geography and Planning University of Lyon - Jean Moulin 18 rue Chevreul 69 007 LYON - FRANCE Tel: 33 4 78 78 74 19 – Mobile: 33 6 84 54 60 35 [email protected] http://umr5600.univ-lyon3.fr/chercheur/moriset/moriset.htm

This work is part of the research project DISCOTEC (Distant Communication Technology and the Economy of Cognition in peripheral areas), supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR), Agency (ANR), 2009-2011. The author endeavors to share this document as widely as possible, For the purpose of an easier use (search, copy-and-paste), the PDF file is left unlocked. However, common academic rules of ethic must be applied, and this work must be quoted properly: Moriset, B. (2010) The Digital Economy and Economic Development of Peripheral Areas in Developed Countries: A Selected Bibliography , Lyon: University of Lyon, UMR 5600 EVS . Comments and suggestions for improvement are welcome: [email protected].

Introductory Note Building a thematic bibliography may be arduous, especially when the work is at the crossroads of three subjects – economic development, peripheral areas, and the digital economy – each of them having its own theoretical and empirical corpus. The consequence is t wofold: - First, each of the three issues mentioned above may be apprehended separately. Hence the presence of general references on regional development, the digital economy, telecommunications, innovation, and entrepreneurship - Second, the subject is a fertile ground for cross-referencing. Given we have decided to avoid redundancies, arbitrary choices had to be made.

May 15, 2010

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.













2

Content 1.

2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

7.

8.

The New, Digital Economy ............................................... .................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... .... 3 1.1 Information Society Reports, Digital Policy....................................................... Policy ....................................................................................... ................................ 3 1.2 The New Economy (Knowledge, Information, Network) ........................................................... ................................................................... ........ 4 1.3 The Digital Economy ....................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................. 5 1.4 Geography of the Digital Economy ........................................................ ................................................................................................... ........................................... 5 Economic geography and business organization ...................................................... ...................................................................................... ................................ 6 2.1 Economic Geography and Territorial Organizations ................................................................ ......................................................................... ......... 6 2.2 Distance and Agglomeration ...................................................... ............................................................................................................ ...................................................... 7 2.3 Agglomeration Economies and Clusters..................................... Clusters........................................................................................... ...................................................... 8 Innovation, Knowledge, and Regional Development .......................................................... ................................................................................. ....................... 9 3.1 Innovation (general)....................................................... (general).......................................................................................................................... ................................................................... 9 3.2 Innovation, organization and entrepreneurship ........................................................... ................................................................................ ..................... 9 3.3 IT and Innovation..................... Innovation................................................................................. ....................................................................................................... ........................................... 10 3.4 Face-to-face, Tacit Knowledge, Local Buzz ...................................................... ................................................................................... ............................. 10 3.5 Knowledge Spillovers ...................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................... 10 3.6 Open / Distributed Innovation .................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................... 10 3.7 Geographical or regional dimension of innovation.......................................................................... innovation................................................................. ......... 11 3.8 Regional / Localized Systems of Innovation ......................................................... ................................................................................... .......................... 12 3.9 Localized Learning, Regional Competitiveness...................................................... Competitiveness .............................................................................. ........................ 13 IT and business organization ................................................... .................................................................................................................. ............................................................... 13 4.1 The Firm in a Global Context................ Context........................................................................... .......................................................................................... ............................... 13 4.2 Embededdness, Social capital ........................................................... ....................................................................................................... ............................................ 13 4.3 IT and Strategy, Productivity, Competitiveness ............................................................. .............................................................................. ................. 14 4.4 IT and Organizational Change................................................................................. Change...................... .................................................................................. ....................... 14 4.5 The Virtual Enterprise.............. ............................................................ ....................................................................................................... ........................................... 15 4.6 Networking, Collaborative Work, Distributed Workforce .............................................................. ................................................................. ... 16 4.7 Videoconferencing, Telepresence ..................................................... .................................................................................................. ............................................. 17 4.8 IT Implementation in French Firms ........................................................ ................................................................................................. ......................................... 17 IT and sustainable development ....................................................... ............................................................................................................. ...................................................... 18 Telework / Telecommuting .......................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................ 19 6.1 General, theory........................... theory................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................ 19 6.2 Reports................................................... Reports .............................................................................................................. ........................................................................................ ............................. 20 6.3 Theoretical, Analysis ....................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................... 20 6.4 Transportation ..................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................... 21 6.5 Legal............................................................................................... Legal................................... ............................................................................................................ ................................................ 21 6.6 Organization of work, Psychology ...................................................... .................................................................................................. ............................................ 21 6.7 Home Telework, "Homeshoring"................................................ "Homeshoring"..................................................................................................... ..................................................... 22 6.8 Corporate Telework ....................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................. 22 Telecommunications Networks, Broadband.................................................... Broadband ............................................................................................ ........................................ 23 7.1 Broadband (Growth, Analysis, Reports) ...................................................... ......................................................................................... ................................... 23 7.2 Digital Divide, Spatial Inequities ............................................................. ..................................................................................................... ........................................ 24 7.3 IT-based regional development ........................................................... ...................................................................................................... ........................................... 25 7.4 Fiber Optic, FTTx, Ultra-High Broadband ....................................................... ....................................................................................... ................................ 25 7.5 Broadband Policy (national, international) ........................................................ ...................................................................................... .............................. 26 7.6 Local Policies (France) ..................................................... ................................................................................................................... .............................................................. 27 Rural and Peripheral Regions .............................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................... 28 8.1 Economic Development, General ............................................................ ................................................................................................... ....................................... 28 8.2 Rural / Peripheral Entrepreneurship ................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................ 30 8.3 Rural/Periphery and Information Technology ....................................................... ................................................................................. .......................... 31 8.4 Rural Broadband, Broadband, Rural Telecommunications Policy....................................................... Policy...................................................................... ............... 32 8.5 Rural telework, IT-based enterprises...................................................................... enterprises....... ....................................................................................... ........................ 33 8.6 Call Centers (Periphery, Regional Development) .............................................................. ........................................................................... ............. 34 8.7 Telecenters, Telecottages, Incubators............................................. Incubators............................................................................................ ............................................... 35 8.8 Local Digital Policies (France) ........................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................. 36















3

1. The New, Digital Economy Economy 1.1

Information Society Reports, Digital Policy The end of the 2000's has seen a rebound of the information/digital society rhetoric, first popularized in the early 1990s. The 2008-2009 worldwide economic downturn has spurred IT-based national programs, as parts of broader "Keynesian" recovery plans.

Berret, P. (2008) Diffusion et utilisation et utilisation des TIC en TIC en France et en et en Europe, Europe, Paris: Ministère de la culture et de la communication, http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps/fr/Deps /fr/Deps‐CC‐2008‐2‐TIC‐site.pdf. Besson, E. (2008) France Numérique 2012 Plan de développement de l'économie numérique Paris, Secrétariat d’Etat chargé de la prospective, de l’évaluation des politiques publiques et du développement de l’économie numérique, http://francenumerique2012.fr/ http://francenumerique2012.fr/pdf/081020_FRA pdf/081020_FRANCE_NUME NCE_NUMERIQUE_201 RIQUE_2012.pdf 2.pdf Besson, E. (2008) La République Numérique, Numérique, Paris: Grasset & Fasquelle. Biggs, P. and Rollet, S. (2009) Confronting the crisis. Its impact on the ICT Industry , Geneva: International Telecommunication Union, February Bravo, A., Roucairol, G., Hourcade, J.C., Mounet, J., Corniou, J.P., Matheron, G. and Savereux, J.P. (2005) Les technologies de l’information et de la communication au coeur de la société de la connaissance. Plateforme de propositions de propositions pour pour dynamiser dynamiser la la compétitivité, la croissance et l'emploi et l'emploi , rapport pour le Conseil Stratégique des Technologies de l’Information, http://lesrapports.ladocumentat http://lesrapports.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/BR ionfrancaise.fr/BRP/0640006 P/064000676/0000.pdf 76/0000.pdf Cohen, D. and Debonneuil, M. (1998) Nouvelle Economie, Economie, Paris: la Documentation française, Rapport pour le Ministre de l’économie des finances et de l’industrie, http://lesrapports.ladocumentat http://lesrapports.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/BR ionfrancaise.fr/BRP/0040017 P/004001709/0000.pdf 09/0000.pdf Commission of the of the European Communities (1999) eEurope: An eEurope: An Information Society For Society For All All , Communication on a Commission Initiative for the Special European Council of Lisbon, 23 and 24 March 2000, http://ec.europa.eu/information_s http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/2 ociety/eeurope/2002/news_libr 002/news_library/pdf_files/en ary/pdf_files/english.pdf glish.pdf Commission of the European Communities (2005) i2010 – A – A European Information Society for Society for growth growth and employment , Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament (…), Brussels, 1 March, COM(2005) 229 final, http://eur‐ lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriSer lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:20 v.do?uri=COM:2005:0229:FIN 05:0229:FIN:EN:PDF :EN:PDF Commission of the European Communities (2007) i2010 ‐ Annual Information Society Report 2007 , Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament (…), Brussels, 30 March, COM(2007) 146 final, http://eur‐ lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriSer lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:20 v.do?uri=COM:2007:0146:FIN 07:0146:FIN:EN:PDF :EN:PDF Commission of the of the European Communities (2009) A (2009) A Strategy for ICT for ICT R&D R&D and Innovation and Innovation in Europe: Raising the Game, Game, Brussels, 13 March: Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament (…),COM(2009)116, http://ec.europa.eu/informati http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/tl/r on_society/tl/research/documents/ esearch/documents/ict ict‐ rdi‐strategy.pdf. CREDOC 2008 La diffusion des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans la société française, française, Rapport pour l'Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques et des Postes (ARCEP), Paris, Centre de Recherche pour l’Etude et l’Observation des Conditions de Vie (CREDOC), www.credoc.fr/pdf/Rapp/R256.pdf. IDATE (2008) Digiworld 2008 Digiworld 2008 Montpellier: IDATE.















4

Kohler, W. (2006) The “Lisbon Goal” of the of the EU: Rhetoric or Substance? Journal Substance? Journal of of Industry, Industry, Competition and Trade, Trade, 6‐2: 85–113. Martin ‐Lalande, P. (1997) L'internet : un vrai défi pour défi pour la Franc, Franc, rapport au Premier ministre, Paris: La Documentation française. MEDEF (2008) Faire de la France un leader de l’économie numérique, Paris: MEDEF, http://www.syntec ‐ informatique.fr/import/200801 informatique.fr/import/20080117_VF_Rappor 17_VF_Rapport_Croissance_TIC.pd t_Croissance_TIC.pdf f OECD (2008) OECD Information technology Outlook technology Outlook 2008 2008,, Paris: OECD

1.2

The New Economy (Knowledge, Information, Network) Many authors have recognized in the recent evolution of the global economy the advent of a "new economy", sometimes depicted as "post-fordist". The subject remains controversial. However, some features may be depicted: all-around flexibility, the primacy of network-based and information-based processes, intensive use of digital technology, advantage given to creative workers.

Alcaly, R. (2003) The New Economy , New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Ascher, F. (2000) Ces événements nous dépassent, feignons dépassent, feignons d'en être les organisateurs. Essai sur Essai sur la la société contemporaine, contemporaine, La Tour d'Aigues: Editions de l'Aube. Brock, G.W. (2003) The Second Information Second Information Revolution, Revolution, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Castells, M. (1989) The Informational City: Informational City: Information technology, economic restructuring and the and the urban‐ regional process, process, Oxford: Blackwell. Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the of the Network Society Network Society , Oxford: Blackwell. Cox, K. (ed.) (1997), Spaces of globalization: of globalization: reasserting the power the power of of the the local, New York: Guilford Press. Ducatel, K., Webster, J. and Herrmann, W. (eds) (2000) The Information Society in Society in Europe: Work and Work and Life Life in an Age an Age of Globalization of Globalization,, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield. Florida, R. (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class . . . and how it's transforming work leisure community & everyday life everyday life,, New York: Basic Books. Florida, R. (2002) The economic geography of talent, Annals of the Association of American of American Geographers, Geographers, 92: 743–55. Foray, D. (2000) L’économie de la connaissance, connaissance, Paris: La Découverte. Foray, D. (2004) Economics of Knowledge of Knowledge Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Gadrey, J. (2000) Nouvelle économie, nouveau mythe, mythe, Paris: Flammarion. Lévy, M. and Jouyet, J.P. (2006) L’économie de l’immatériel : La croissance de demain, demain, Rapport pour le Ministère de l’Economie, des Finances et de l’Industrie, 16 mars. Malecki, E.J. (2009) Everywhere? The geography of knowledge, invited paper prepared for the Journal of Regional Science Regional Science 50th anniversary symposium, the Federal Reserve Bank of New of New York, April 2009. Moulier Boutang, Y. (2008) Le capitalisme cognitif : La Nouvelle Grande Transformation, Transformation, Paris: Editions Amsterdam. Neef, D. (ed.) (1998) The Knowledge Economy , Boston: Butterworth‐Heinemann. Negroponte, N. (1995) Being Digital , London: Vintage Books. Powell, W.W. and Snellman, L. (2004) The knowledge economy, Annual economy, Annual Review Review of Sociology of Sociology , 30: 199–220. Reich, R.B. (1991) The Work of Work of Nations Nations,, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Godin, B. (2004) The New Economy: what the concept owes to the OECD, Research policy Research policy , 33: 679–90. Solow, R.M. (1987) We’d better watch out: review of Manufacturing of Manufacturing Matters, New York Times York Times Book Review Book Review,, 92 (12 July): 36.















5

1.3

The Digital Economy In some way, the digital economy can be regarded as the IT-driven, production-oriented component of a more global "information society". Since the 2008 global economic downturn, policy makers and thinkers in several countries (including France and the US) have considered leveraging the growth of the digital economy as a tool for economic recovery.

Amirahmadi, H. and Wallace, C. (1995) Information technology, the organization of production of production and regional development, Environnment and Environnment and Planning Planning A A,, 27: 1745 –75. 1745 –75. Atkinson, R.D. and McKay, A.S. (2007) Digital Prosperity: understanding the economic benefits of the information technology revolution, Washington D.C.: Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Atkinson, R.D., Castro, D. and Ezell, S.J. (2009) The Digital Road Digital Road to to Recovery: A Recovery: A Stimulus Plan to Create Jobs, Create Jobs, Boost Productivity and Revitalize America, America, Washingont D.C.: The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, www.itif.org/files/roadtorecovery.pdf. Ayres, R.U. and Williams, B. (2004) The digital economy: Where do we stand? Technological Forecasting Technological Forecasting & Social Change Social Change,, 71: 315–39. Brynjolfsson, E. and Kahin, B. (2000) Understanding the Digital Economy Digital Economy , Cambridge (MA): MIT Press. Burton‐Jones, A. (1999) Knowledge Capitalism: Business, work, and learning and learning in the new economy , London: Routledge.

Carlsson, B. 2004 The Digital Economy: what is new and what is not? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 15: 245–64. David, P.A. and Foray, D. (2002) Economic fundamentals of the knowledge society, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Discussion Paper No. 01‐14, http://siepr.stanford.edu/papers/pdf/01‐ 14.pdf. Schiller, D. 1999 Digital capitalism: Digital capitalism: networking the global market global market system system,, Cambridge (MA): MIT Press. Shapiro, C. and Varian, H. (1998) Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy Network Economy , Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard Business School Press. Varian, H.R. (2003) Economics of information of information technology, The Raffaele Mattioli Lecture, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy, November 15‐16, 2001.

1.4

Geography of the Digital Economy

Brunn, S. D., and Leinbach, T. (eds.) (1991) Collapsing space and time: and time: geographic aspects of communication of communication and information and information,, New York, NY: HarperCollins. Hepworth, M. (1990) Geography of Geography of the the Information Economy , New York: Guilford Press. Kotkin, J. (2000) The New Geography : Geography : How the Digital Revolution is Reshaping the American Landscape, Landscape, New York: Random House Trade. Leinbach, T.R. and Brunn, S.D. (eds) (2001) Worlds of Electronic Commerce: economic, geographical and social dimensions social dimensions,, New York: John Wiley. Malecki, E.J. and Moriset, B. (2008) The Digital Economy: Digital Economy: Business Organization, Production Processes and















6

Wilson, M. and Corey, K. (eds) (2000) Information Tectonics: space, place and technology in an electronic age, Chichester: John Wiley.

2. Economic geography and business organization organization 2.1

Economic Geography and Territorial Organizations Essays and papers depict the territorial organization which emerges from major contemporary economic trends, notably the rise of city-regions, and the growth of "residential economies" in less productive peripheral areas.

Andreani, J.L. (2007) La France des territoires maltraitée, Le Monde, Monde, December 9. Arufe, J.E.F. and Herrero Prieto, L.C. (1998) A network of towns: innovation and economic development, Progress in Planning, Planning, 49: 199–214. Bourse, F. and Mousli, M. (2004) Synthese et évaluation du programme de prospective « Territoires 2020 » de la DATAR, GERPA, www.refonte.diact.gouv.fr/IMG/Fichi www.refonte.diact.gouv.fr/IMG/Fichiers/KIOSQUE/ ers/KIOSQUE/Archives/Ev Archives/EvaluationTerr aluationTerritoires2020.pdf. itoires2020.pdf. Charlot, S. and Duranton, G. (2006) Cities and workplace communication: some quantitative French evidence, Urban Studies, Studies, 43: 1369–94. Costa, D.L. and Kahn, M.E. (2000) Power couples: changes in the location choice of the college educated, Quarterly Journal of Journal of Economics Economics,, 115: 1287–1315. Davezies, L. (2004) Temps de la production et temps de la consommation: les nouveaux aménageurs du territoire ? Futuribles, Futuribles, n° 295. Davezies, L. (2008) La République et ses et ses territoires : La circulation invisible des richesses, Paris: Seuil. Debarbieux, B. and Vanier, M. (eds) (2002) Ces territorialités qui se dessinent , La Tour d'Aigues: DATAR/Editions de l´Aube. Ernst & Young (2007) Des pôles de compétitivité aux pôles aux pôles d’attractivité – Enquête sur les relations entre agglomérations et entreprises et entreprises,, www.grandesvilles.org/IMG/p www.grandesvilles.org/IMG/pdf_300204931 df_300204931.pdf. .pdf. Lévêque, L., Maurel, L. and Sénelet, L (2004) L’offre métropolitaine française vue par les emplois métropolitains supérieurs, supérieurs, Paris : DATAR et Fédération Française des Agences d’Urbanisme. Scott, A.J. (2008) Resurgent Metropolis: Economy, Society and Urbanization in an Interconnected World, International Journal of Journal of Urban Urban and Regional and Regional Research Research,, 32: 548–64. Scott, A.J., Agnew, J.A., Soja, E.W. and Storper, M. (2001) Global city‐regions, in A.J.Scott (ed.) Global City Global City ‐ Regions: trends, theory, policy theory, policy , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 11–30. Smtkowski, M. and Gorzelak, G. (2008) Metropolis and its region ‐ New relations in the information economy, European Planning Studies, Studies, 16: 727–43. Storper, M. (1997), The Regional World. Regional World. Territorial Developments Territorial Developments in a Global Economy Global Economy , New York: Guilford Press. Veltz, P. (1996) Mondialisation, villes et territoires: l'économie d'archipel , Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Veltz, P. (2008) La Grande Transition. La France dans le monde qui vient qui vient , Paris : Seuil. Weber, A. (1909) Über den Über den standort der standort der industrien industrien,, Tübingen: J. C. B.Mohr.

















7

2.2

Distance and Agglomeration

The role of distance, proximity, and agglomeration patterns, is in the core of contemporary economic geography analysis, especially when the role of telecommunications is considered. This point is strongly linked with the "end of geography" rhetoric.

Ala‐Rämi, K. (2007a) Communication and distance in collaboration between high‐technology enterprises in Northern Finland, European Planning Studies 15: 1047–62. Ala‐Rämi, K. (2007b) Networking, Communication and Proximity in High‐Technology Enterprise Collaboration: Case of Northern of Northern Finland . PhD dissertation in applied geography and regional planning, University of Oulu, Nordia Geographical Publications 36 (2), Oulu (Finland): Geographical Society of Northern Finland. Bennett, R.J. (2002) The influence of location of location and distance on the supply of business advice, Environment and Planning and Planning A A,, 34: 251–270. Boschma, R.A. (2005a) Editorial ‐ role of proximity of proximity in interaction and performance: conceptual and empirical challenges, Regional Studies Regional Studies,, 39: 41–45 Boschma, R.A. (2005b) Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment, Regional Studies Regional Studies,, 39: 61–74. Cairncross, F. (1997) The Death of Distance: How the Communications Revolution Will Change Our Lives, Lives, Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Drejer, I. and Vinding, A.L. (2007) Searching near and far: Determinants of innovative firms' propensity to collaborate across geographical distance, Industry & Industry & Innovation, Innovation, 14: 259–75. Fontes, M. (2005) Distant networking: the knowledge acquisition strategies of ‘out‐cluster’ biotechnology firms, European Planning Studies, Studies, 13: 899–920. Gilding, M. (2008) The tyranny of distance’: of distance’: Biotechnology networks and clusters in the antipodes, Research Policy , 37: 1132–44. Jansson, J. (2008) Inside the Internet industry: The importance of proximity of proximity in accessing knowledge in the agglomeration of Internet of Internet firms in Stockholm, European Planning Studies, Studies, 16: 211–28. Johnson, D.K.N., Siripong, N. and Brown, A.S. (2006) The demise of distance? of distance? the declining role of physical of physical proximity for knowledge transmission, Growth and Change and Change,, 37: 19–33. Lagendijk, A. and Lorentzen, A. (2007) Proximity, Knowledge and Innovation in Peripheral Regions. On the intersection between geographical and organizational proximity. European Planning Studies, Studies, 15: 457– 66. Le Goff ‐Pronost, M. and Lethiais, V. (2007) TIC, besoins de coordination et d’information et proximité géographique : une analyse sur des données bretonnes, Cahier de Recherche, Recherche, n° 4, février, Môle Armoricain de Recherche sur la Société de l'Information et les Usages d'Internet (MARSOUIN), www.marsouin.org/IMG/pdf/LeGoff ‐Lethiais_4 ‐2007.pdf Lorentzen, A. (forthcoming) The spatial dimensions of innovation: embedding ‘proximity’ within socio‐ economic space, Regional Studies Regional Studies.. Special issues on Proximity and distance in knowledge exchange. Towards new perspectives on learning and innovation in the global economy.















8

Torre, A. and Rallet, A. (2005) Proximity and localization, Regional Studies Regional Studies,, 39: 47–59. Young, N. (2006) Distance as a hybrid actor in rural economies, Journal economies, Journal of of Rural Rural Studies Studies,, 22: 253–66.

2.3

Agglomeration Economies and Clusters The concept of productive cluster has been widely popularized by Michael Porter. The subject of numerous papers, it is also a key concept of economic development programs throughout the world (such as the French pôles de compétitivité ). ). The power of the much studied "agglomeration economies" is a challenging issue for peripheral areas, which are often characterized by low business density and remoteness from production factors. A close understanding of the cluster effect is a prerequisite for analysing the potential counter-effects of IT-implementation.

Andersen, P.H. (2006) Regional clusters in a global world: production relocation, innovation, and industrial decline, California Management Review Management Review,, 49: 101–22. Asheim, P., Cooke, P. and Martin, R. (eds) (2006) Clusters and Regional Development: Critical Reflections and Explorations and Explorations,, London: Routledge. Autant‐Bernard, C., Largeron, C. and Massard, N. (2003) TIC, diffusion spatiale des connaissance et agglomération, Géographie, Economie et Société et Société,, 5: 311–30. Benko, G. and Lipietz, A. (eds) (1992) Les Régions qui Gagnent. Districts et réseaux: les nouveaux paradigmes de la géographie économique, économique, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Braunerhjelm, P. and Feldman, M.P. (eds) (2006) Cluster Genesis: Cluster Genesis: The origins and emergence and emergence of technology of technology ‐ based economic based economic development , Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brenner, T. and Fornahl, D. (2008) Regional path‐dependence in start‐up activity, Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography , 08.12, http://econ.geo.uu.nl/peeg/peeg0812.pdf. Breschi, S. and Lissoni, F.(2001), Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: a critical survey, Industrial and Industrial and Corporate Corporate Change, Change, 10: 975–1005. Breschi, S. and Malerba, F. (eds) (2005) Clusters, Networks and Innovation and Innovation,, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brette, O. and Chappoz, Y. (2007) The French competitiveness clusters : toward a new public policy for innovation and research ?, Journal ?, Journal of of Economic Economic Issues, Issues, 41: 391–98. Cappellin, R. (2003) Territorial knowledge management: toward a metrics of the cognitive dimension of agglomeration economies, International Journal of Journal of Technology Technology Management Management , 26: 303–25. Carbonara, N. (2005) Information and communication technology and geographical clusters: opportunities and spread, Technovation, Technovation, 25: 213–22. Carrincazeaux, C., Grossetti, M., and Talbot, D. (2008) Editorial : clusters, proximities and networks, European Planning Studies, Studies, 16: 613–16. Casper, S. (2007) How do technology clusters emerge and become sustainable? Social network formation and inter‐firm mobility within the San Diego biotechnology cluster, Research Policy , 36: 438–55. Charlot, S. and Duranton, G. (2004) Communication externalities in cities, Journal cities, Journal of of Urban Urban Economics 56:















9

Maskell, P. (2001) Towards a knowledge‐based theory of the of the geographical cluster, Industrial and Industrial and Corporate Corporate Change, Change, 10: 921–943. Porter, M.E. (1998) Clusters and the new economics of competition, Harvard Business Harvard Business Review, Review, Nov.‐Dec.: 77–90. Schoales, J. (2006) Alpha clusters: creative innovation in local economies, Economic Development Quarterly Development Quarterly , 20: 162–77. St. John, C.H. and Pouder, R.W. (2006) Technology clusters versus industry clusters: resources, networks, and regional advantages, Growth and Change and Change,, 37: 141–71. Staber, U. (2007) Contextualizing Research on Social Capital in Regional Clusters, International Journal Journal of Urban and Regional and Regional Research Research,, 31: 505–21. Vicente, J. (2005) Les espaces de la net ‐économie : cluster TIC et TIC et aménagement aménagement numérique numérique des territoires, territoires , Paris: Economica Wood, G.A. and Parr, J.B. (2005) Transaction costs, agglomeration economies, and industrial location, Growth and Change and Change,, 36: 1–15.

3. Innovation, Knowledge, Knowledge, and Regional Development With structurally high labor costs, developed countries cannot compete successfully with emerging countries on a low-price basis. Therefore, innovation is almost unanimously recognized as a key condition for competitiveness in a globalized economy. Firms located in peripheral regions must be as innovative as those located in large metropolises. If potential negative effects of remoteness are taken into account, perhaps these firms should be even more innovative, in the broad meaning of the word.

3.1

Innovation (general)

Boutellier, R., Gassmann, O. and von Zedtwitz, M. (2000) Managing Global Innovation Global Innovation,, Berlin: Springer Castellacci, F. (2006) Innovation, diffusion and catching up in the fifth long wave, Futures, Futures, 38: 841–63. Cooke, P. and Schwartz, D. (2007) Key drivers of contemporary of contemporary innovation and creativity, European Planning Studies, Studies, 15: 1139–41. Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D.C. and Nelson, R.R. (eds) (2005) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rodriguez, D. and Solomon, D. (2007) Leadership and Innovation in a Networked World, Innovation, Innovation, Summer: 3–13. Rycroft, R.W. and Kash, D.E. (1999) The Complexity Challenge: technological innovation technological innovation for for the the 21st century 21st century , London: Pinter.















10

Stam, E. (2008) Entrepreneurship and innovation policy, Papers in Evolutionary Economic Evolutionary Economic Geography , 08‐07, http://econ.geo.uu.nl/peeg/peeg0807.pdf.

3.3

IT and Innovation

Hempell, T. and Zwick, T. (2008) New technology, work organisation, and innovation, Economics of Innovation and New and New Technology , 17: 331–54. Feldman, M.P. (2002) The internet revolution and the geography of innovation, of innovation, International Social International Social Science Science Journal , 54: 47–56. Song, X.M., Berends, J.J., Bij, J.D. and van der, Weggeman, M.C.D.P. (2006) The effect of IT of IT and co‐location on knowledge dissemination, Journal dissemination, Journal of of Product Product Innovation Innovation Management , 24: 52–68. Camagni, R. and Capello, R. (2005) ICTs and territorial competitiveness in the era of internet, Annals of Regional Science Regional Science,, 39: 421–438.

3.4

Face-to-face, Tacit Knowledge, Local Buzz Transactions based on routine or rudimentary knowledge, or on well-standardized packages of information, may be processed across distance through telecommunications. However, many authors suggest that face-to-face meetings are required when tacit knowledge is exchanged. According to several authors, the very nature of the business city is to offer much opportunities of in-person contacts – planned or unplanned. The absence of these opportunities could define the periphery.

Asheim, B.T., Coenen, L. and Vang. J. (2007) Face‐to‐face, buzz and knowledge bases: socio‐spatial implications for learning, innovation and innovation policy, Environment & Environment & Planning C , 25: 655–670. Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. (2004) Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge of knowledge creation, Progress in Human Geography 28: Geography 28: 31–56. Gertler, M. (2003) Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, of context, or The undefinable tacitness of being (there), Journal (there), Journal of of Economic Economic Geography , 3: 75–99. Howells, J. (2002) Tacit knowledge, innovation and economic geography, Urban Studies, 39: 871–84. Leamer, E. and Storper, M. (2001) The economic geography of the Internet age, Journal of International Business Studies, Studies, 32: 641–65. Storper, M. and Venables, A.J. (2004) Buzz: face‐to‐face contact and the urban economy, Journal of Economic Geography , 4: 351–70.

3.5

Knowledge Spillovers

Feldman, M. P. (1999) The New economics of innovation, spillovers and agglomeration:

review of















11

Chesbrough, H.W. (2003) Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating for creating and profiting from profiting from technology , Boston: Harvard Business School Press Chesbrough, H.W. and Appleyard, M.M. (2007) Open innovation and strategy, California Management Review, Review , 50: 57–76. Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., and West, J. (ed.) (2008) Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, Paradigm, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cooke, P. (2005) Regionally asymmetric knowledge capabilities and open innovation: exploring “Globalisation 2” – 2” – a new model of industry of industry organization, Research Policy , 34: 1128–49. Lakhani, K.R. and Panetta, J.A. (2007) The Principles of distributed of distributed innovation, Innovation, Innovation, Summer: 97–112. Ondrejka, C. (2007) Collapsing geography: second life, innovation, and the future of national power, Innovation, Innovation, summer: 27–54. Prahalad, C.K. and Krishnan, M.S. (2008) The New Age of Innovation: Driving Co‐Created Value through Global Networks Global Networks,, New York: McGraw Hill. von Hippel, E. (1988) The Sources of Innovation of Innovation,, Oxford: Oxford University Press. von Hippel, E. (2005) Democratizing Innovation, Innovation, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

3.7

Geographical or regional dimension of innovation May firms in the periphery be innovative? Given the importance of of innovation in national national or regional competitiveness, it is unsurprising that many authors have studied the geographic conditions of the production and diffusion of innovation.

Amin, A. and Cohendet, P. (2005) Geographies of knowledge of knowledge formation in firms, Industry and Innovation and Innovation,, 12: 465–486. Andersson, M. and Karlsson, C. (2007) Knowledge in regional economic growth ‐ the role of knowledge accessibility, Industry & Industry & Innovation, Innovation, 14: 129–49. Audretsch, D.B. and Feldman, M.P. (2003) Knowledge spillovers and the geography of innovation, in J. Vernon Henderson and J. Thisse (eds), Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, Economics, vol. 4., Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing, 2713–39. Autant‐Bernard, C. and Massard, N. (2001) Externalités de connaissances et géographie de l'innovation : les enseignements des études empirique, Document de travail (CREUSET, Université Jean Monnet Saint‐ Etienne). Barthe, J.‐F., Beslay, C. and Grossetti, M. (2008) Choix de localisation et mobilisation des ressources dans la création d’entreprises innovantes, Géographie Économie Société, Société , 10: 43–60. Broekel, T. and Binder, M. (2007) The regional dimension of knowledge of knowledge transfers ‐ a behavioral approach, Industry & Industry & Innovation, Innovation, 14: 151–175. Christopherson, S., Kitson, M., and Michie, J. (2008) Innovation, networks and knowledge exchange.

















12

Lorentzen, A. (forthcoming): Knowledge networks in local and global space. Entrepreneurship and regional and regional development . Issue on the governance of cross of cross‐locality networks as a determinant of local of local economic development. Malecki, E.J. (2009) Geographical environments for entrepreneurship, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small and Small Business Business,, 7: 175–190. Malecki, E.J. (2009) Everywhere? The geography of knowledge, of knowledge, Journal Journal of of Regional Regional Science Science (forthcoming). Malecki, E.J. (2010) Connecting local entrepreneurial ecosystems to global innovation networks: open innovation, double networks and knowledge integration International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation and Innovation Management , (forthcoming). Malecki, E.J. (2009) Global knowledge and creativity: new challenges for firms and regions Regional Studies (iFirst article). Mitra, J. (2007) Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional and Regional Development Development , London: Routledge. Polenske, K.R. (ed.) (2007) The Economic Geography of Geography of Innovation, Innovation, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Saint‐Julien T. (1985), La diffusion spatiale des innovations, innovations, Montpellier: RECLUS.

3.8

Regional / Localized Systems of Innovation

Antonelli, C. (2000) Collective knowledge communication and innovation: The evidence of technological districts, Regional Studies Regional Studies,, 34: 535–47. Antonelli, C. (2003) Knowledge complementarity and fungeability: implications for regional strategy, Regional Studies Regional Studies,, 37: 595–606. Asheim, B., Boschma, R.A. and Cooke, P. (2007) Constructing regional advantage: Platform policies based on related variety and differentiated knowledge bases, Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography , 0709, http://econ.geo.uu.nl/peeg/peeg0709.pdf. Asheim, B., Coenen, L., Moodysson, K. and Vang, J. (2007) Constructing knowledge‐based regional advantage: implications for regional innovation policy, International Journal of Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 7: 140–155.















13

3.9

Localized Learning, Regional Competitivenes Competitiveness s Some researchers have identified in some economic regions a capacity of collective learning, which makes them more resilient and adaptive. It might be an important concept for peripheral regions too.

Camagni, R. (2002) On the concept of territorial of territorial competitiveness: sound or misleading?, Urban Studies, Studies, 39: 2395–2411. Capello, R. and Faggian, A. (2005) Collective learning and relational capital in local innovation processes, Regional Studies Regional Studies,, 39: 75–87. Cooke, P. (2002) Knowledge Economies: clusters, learning and cooperative and cooperative advantage, advantage, London: Routledge. Kitson, M., Martin, R. and Tyler, P. (2004) Regional competitiveness: an elusive yet key concept? Regional Studies, Studies, 38: 991–99. Komninos, N. (2004) Regional intelligence: distributed localised information systems for innovation and development International, Journal International, Journal of of Technology Technology Management Management , 28: 483–506. Malecki, E.J. and Oinas, P. (1999) (eds) Making Connections: Technological Learning Technological Learning and Regional and Regional Economic Economic Change, Change, Aldershot: Ashgate. Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. (2006) Localized learning revisited, Growth and Change and Change,, 37: 1–18. Maskell, P., Eskelinen, H., Hannibalsson, I., Malmberg, A. and Vatne, E. (1998) Competitiveness, Localised Learning and Regional and Regional Development: Development: specialisation in small open small open economies, economies, London: Routledge. Storper, M. (1993) Regional worlds Regional worlds of production of production – Learning and Innovation in the technology districts technology districts of France, Italy and Italy and the the USA, USA, Regional Studies Regional Studies 27: 433–55.

4. IT and business organization organization The relation between IT implementation and business organization is a textbook example of the















14

Rutten, R. and Boekema, F. (2007) Regional social capital: Embeddedness, innovation networks and regional economic development , , Technological Forecasting Technological Forecasting and Social and Social Change Change,, In Press, Corrected Proof.

4.3

IT and Strategy, Productivity, Competitiveness

Brown, J.S. and Hagel, J. (2003) Does IT matter? Harvard Business Harvard Business Review, Review , 81(7): 109–12. Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L.M. (2003) Computing productivity: firm‐level evidence Review of Economics of Economics and Statistics and Statistics,, 85: 793–808. Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L.M. (2005) Intangible assets and the economic impact of computers, in W.H. Dutton, B. Kahin, R. O’Callaghan and A.W. Wyckoff (eds) Wyckoff (eds) Transforming Enterprise: the economic and social implications social implications of information of information technology , 27–48. Evans, P. and Wurster, T.S. (2000) Blown to Bits: how the new economics of information transforms strategy , Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Falk, M. (2005) ICT‐linked firm reorganization and productivity gains, Technovation, Technovation, 25: 1229–50. Hooshang, B., Esmail, S. (2007) The benefits of e‐business adoption: an empirical study of Swedish SMEs, Service Business, Business , 1: 233–45. Ketels, C.H. (2006) Michael Porter’s competitiveness framework—recent learnings and new research priorities, Journal priorities, Journal of of Industry, Industry, Competition and Trade and Trade,, 6: 115–36. Oseo Services, CDC (2007) TIC et TIC et PME PME ‐ de l'hésitation à la performance la performance,, Paris : La Documentation Française. Porter, M.E. (2001) Strategy and the Internet, Harvard Business Harvard Business Review, Review , 79: 62–78. Porter, R. and Millar, V.E. (1985) How information gives you competitive advantage, Harvard Business Review, Review , July‐August. Powell, T.C. and Dent‐Micallef, A. (1997) Information technology as competitive advantage: the role of human, business, and technology resources, Strategic Management Journal Journal , 18: 375–405.

4.4

IT and Organizational Change















15

Gheorghiu, M. and Moatty, F. (2006) Réorganisation des entreprises et caractéristiques du travail collectif dans l’industrie, La diversité des formes de coopération, Revue économique, économique, 57: 1177–1204. Greenfield, A. (2006) Everyware: The Dawning Age of Ubiquitous Computing (Voices That Matter) Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Publishing. Greenan, N. (2003) Organizational change, technology, employment, and skills: An empirical study of French manufacturing, Cambridge Journal Cambridge Journal of of economics economics,, 27: 287–316. Hof, R.D. (2007) The end of work as you know it. Increasing connectivity will change how and where we labor—even the very notion of an of an employer, Business Week , August, 20. Hooshang, B., Esmail, S. (2007) The benefits of e‐business adoption: an empirical study of Swedish SMEs, Service Business, Business , 1: 233–45. Johnston, D.A. and Wright, L (2004) The e‐business capability of small and medium sized firms in international supply chains, Information Systems and e and e‐Business Management , 2: 223–40 Lechner, C. and Dowling, M. (2003) Firm networks: external relationships as sources for the growth and competitiveness of entrepreneurial of entrepreneurial firms, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development Regional Development , 15: 1–26. Martin, L. (2007) Internet adoption and use in small firms: internal processes, organisational culture and the roles of the of the owner‐manager and key staff, New Technology, Work and Work and Employment Employment , 20: 190–204. McAfee, A. (2006) Mastering the three worlds of information technology, Harvard Business Review, Review, 84: 141–9. O’Callaghan, R. (2004) Technological innovation in organizations and their ecosystems, in W.H. Dutton, B. Kahin, R. O’Callaghan and A.W. Wyckoff (eds) Transforming Enterprise: the economic and social implications of information of information technology , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1–12. Song, M., Berends, H., van der Bij, H., and Weggeman, M. (2007) The effect of IT and co‐location on knowledge dissemination, Journal dissemination, Journal of of Product Product Innovation Innovation Management , 24: 52–68. Tippins, M.J. and Sohi, R.S. (2003) IT competency and firm performance: is organizational learning a missing link? Strategic Management Journal Journal , 24: 745–61. Yolin, J.M. (2005) Internet et Entreprise mirages et opportunités ? Pour un plan d'action. Contribution à l'analyse de l'économie de l'Internet , Rapport pour Ministère de l'économie, des finances et de l'industrie, http://www.telecom.gouv.fr/fond http://www.telecom.gouv.fr/fonds_documentaire/ra s_documentaire/rapports/mirag pports/mirage2005 e2005‐f.pdf















16

Mowshowitz, A. (1999) ‘The switching principle in virtual organization’, Journal of Organizational Virtualness, Virtualness, 1: 7–18. Orange (2007) Les mondes virtuels : en attendant le métaverse http://stephanebayle.typepa http://stephanebayle.typepad.com/sl_business_r d.com/sl_business_review/Oran eview/Orange ge‐Metaverse.pdf.

4.6

13‐09,

Networking, Collaborative Work, Distributed Workforce Work organization through telecommunications channels is a core issue. IT-enabled tasks may be performed by dispersed teams of employees and subcontractors, using increasingly sophisticated applications.

Ala‐Rämi, K. (2007a) Communication and distance in collaboration between high‐technology enterprises in Northern Finland, European Planning Studies 15: 1047–1062. Ala‐Rämi, K. (2007b) Networking, Communication and Proximity in High‐Technology Enterprise Collaboration: Case of Northern of Northern Finland . PhD dissertation in applied geography and regional planning, University of Oulu, Nordia Geographical Publications 36 (2), Oulu (Finland): Geographical Society of Northern Finland. Barreteau, J. and Crague, G. (2005) Le management en réseau, Réseaux , 23, n°134: 193–220. Coakes, E.W., Coakes, J.M. and Rosenberg, D. (2008) Co‐operative work practices and knowledge sharing issues: A comparison of viewpoints, of viewpoints, International Journal of Journal of Information Information Management , 28: 12–25. Corso, M., Martini, A., Pellegrini, L., Massa, S. and Testa, S. (2006) Managing dispersed workers: the new challenge in Knowledge Management, Technovation, Technovation, 26: 583–94. Forrester Consulting (2008) Vers une collaboration plus collaboration plus efficace, efficace, Etude pour la société Adobe, Cambridge (MA): Forrester Research Inc. Frost&Sullivan (2005) Mesurer les véritables avantages commerciaux de la collaboration web, démystifier le paradoxe de la productivité, webex.com/fr/pdf/frostsullivan_fr.pdf Gareis, K. (2007) The state of eWork in Europe today, 12th International Workshop on Telework, 28‐30 August, Lillehammer, Norway, Bonn (Germany): Empirica,

















17

Wagner,M. (2007) Using Second Life as a business‐to‐business tool Informationweek.com, Apr 26, www.informationweek.com/blog/m www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives ain/archives/(2007)/04/us /(2007)/04/using_second_li_2.ht ing_second_li_2.html. ml.

4.7

Videoconferencing, Telepresence Video technologies enrich remote communications. They could challenge, to a certain degree, face-toface meetings. However, videoconferencing has so far attracted a small number of users, mainly in large companies, with few effects on business geography. Telepresence, an enhanced, more costly version, is still in the infancy.

Bushaus, D. (2008) Telepresence: Ready for its close‐up, Telephony online, online, March 17, http://telephonyonline.com/broa http://telephonyonline.com/broadband/news/tel dband/news/telecom_ready_closeup_ ecom_ready_closeup_2/index.html 2/index.html Chattoe, J., Leach, P. and Riesenbach, R. (1995) Ontario Telepresence Project , final report, Toronto: Telepresence Systems, Inc., www.dgp.toronto.edu/tp/techdocs/Fi www.dgp.toronto.edu/tp/techdocs/Final_Report.pdf nal_Report.pdf Conlin, M. (2008) The waning days of the of the road warrior, Business Week , 2 June: 65–66. Crockett, R. O. (2007) The 21st century meeting, Business Week , 26 February: 72–79. Danto, D. (2008) Telepresence: a background and analysis that goes beyond the hype, World Commerce Review, vol. 1 issue 2, January, www.imcca.org/Articles/Wor www.imcca.org/Articles/WorldCommerceReview ldCommerceReviewmagazine.pdf. magazine.pdf. Davis, A.W. and Kelly, E.B. (2008) Telepresence vs. videoconferencing. Resolving the cost/benefit















18

Club de l’Economie Numérique (2008) Développer les Développer les nouvelles technologies dans les TPE françaises, françaises, Les 18 propositions du club de l’économie numérique remises à E. Besson lors des assises du numérique, http://club‐econumerique.tv/wp‐content/uploads/2008/09/ content/uploads/2008/09/rapport_proposit rapport_proposition_ministre.pdf ion_ministre.pdf Cyber@rdèche (2007) Diagnostic des Usages Numériques par les Entreprises, Entreprises, Privas : Cyber@rdèche, présentation des résultats de l’enquête menée en Ardèche, 19 avril, www.cybardeche.fr/fr/02_comprendre_ www.cybardeche.fr/fr/02_comprendre_documentations.php. documentations.php. DRIRE Rhône‐Alpes (2007) Les usages des nouvelles technologies par les industriels ardéchois, Lyon: DRIRE Rhône‐Alpes, décembre. Espace Numérique Entreprises (2007) Appropriation des TIC par TIC par les entreprises rhodaniennes, rhodaniennes, Lyon : ENE, ‐ ‐ http://www.ene.fr/fr/anti http://www.ene.fr/fr/anticiper/observat ciper/observatoire oire 2007/observatoire usages1.html Espace Numérique Entreprises (2008) Le travail à distance dans les PME rhodaniennes, rhodaniennes, Lyon : Espace Numérique Entreprises, www.ene.fr/data/document/focus‐travail ‐distance.pdf Faure, P. and Heizmann, R. (2007) Déploiement accru et diversification des TIC, Le 4 pages, pages, n°231, mai, Sessi. Faure, P. and Heizmann, R. (2007) Le commerce électronique dans l’industrie manufacturière. L’internet progresse, l’EDI prédomine, Le 4 pages, n°234, juillet, Sessi. pages, n°234, juillet, Faure, P. and Pliquet, E. (2007) TIC et modes organisationnels dans les entreprises industrielles. Des outils adaptés à chaque modèle, Le 4 Pages des statistiques industrielles, industrielles, n° 239. Gadille, M. and Meyronin, B. (2005) The appropriation of ICTs of ICTs by micro‐businesses and SMEs: The rationale















19

Berkhout, F. and Hertin, J. (2001) “E‐topia? Scenarios for e‐commerce and sustainability”, In: J. Wilsdon (ed ), Digital Futures: Digital Futures: Living in a Dot ‐Com World . London: Earthscan. Berkhout, F. and Hertin, J. (2001) Impacts of Information and Communication Technologies on Environmental Sustainability: Speculations and Evidence, Evidence, Paris: OECD, http://www.unige.ch/iued/ws http://www.unige.ch/iued/wsis/DOC/211 is/DOC/211EN.PDF EN.PDF Berkhout, F. and Hertin, J. (2004) De‐materialising and re‐materialising: digital technologies and the environment, Futures, Futures, 36: 903–20. BioIntelligenceService (2008) Impacts of Information of Information and Communication and Communication Technologies on Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency , report for the Commission of the European Communities, September, ‐ ‐ ‐ ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/sustaina /docs/sustainable ble growth/ict4ee final report_en.pdf Breuil, H., Burette, D., Flüry‐Hérard, B., Cueugniet, J., Vignolles, D. and Boisson, H. (2008) Rapport TIC et Développement Durable Développement Durable,, Paris: Ministère de l’écologie, de l’énergie, du développement durable et de l’aménagement du territoire, Ministère de l’économie, de l’industrie et de l’emploi. Cisco Systems, Inc. 2009 The Network: Promoting Green Benefits to Business and IT and IT , White Paper, San Jose (CA): Cisco Systems, Inc., www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collate www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/switches ral/switches/ps5718/ps10 /ps5718/ps10195/white_p 195/white_paper_c11 aper_c11‐509113.pdf. Commission of the of the European Communities (2009) Mobilising Information and Communication and Communication Technologies to facilitate to facilitate the transition to an energy ‐efficient, low‐carbon economy , Communication to the Council, the European Parliament (…), Brussels, COM(2009) 111 final, 12.3, http://ec.europa.eu/information_soci http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activi ety/activities/sustai ties/sustainable_growth/docs/ nable_growth/docs/com_2009_111/com com_2009_111/com20 20















20

Guru.com (2004) Emoonlighter announces www.guru.com/Press/2004‐03‐08.cfm.

name

change

to

Guru.com,

8

March,

InnoVisions Canada (2007) CTA members tell their stories: part 12, www.ivc.ca/stories/Stories12.html. Largier, A. (2001) Le télétravail. Trois projets pour un même objet, Réseaux , n° 106: 201–29. Miller, S.K. (2004) Telecommuting still on the rise 47 million employees work from home at least one day a month, Processor , 26 (5) (30 January): 18. Planterose, P. (2005) Réorientons l’objet et les activités de l’AFTT, Paris: AFTT, www.aftt.asso.fr/IMG/doc/Les_objectifs_2005_‐ _2007_de_l_AFTT.doc. The Economist (2006) Economist (2006) The drawbacks of homework, of homework, The Economist , 2 December: 78.

6.2

Reports

Breton, T. (1995) Le télétravail en France. France. Rapport au ministre de l'intérieur et de l'aménagement du territoire, Paris, La Documentation française. CITICA (2006) Etude bibliographique du marché des téléactivités pour les entreprises et les particuliers, particuliers, Etude pour la Délégation Interministérielle à l’Aménagement et à la Compétitivité (DIACT), Paris: DIACT. Empirica (2005) e‐Business W@tch ‐ The European e‐Business Report 2005 Report 2005 edition, edition, European Commission,















21

Helminen, V. and Ristimäki, M. (2007) Relationships between commuting distance, frequency and telework in Finland, Journal Finland, Journal of of Transport Transport Geography Geography , 15‐5: 331–42. Mokhtarian, P.L., Salomon, I. and Choo, S. (2005) Measuring the measurable: Why can’t we agree on the number of telecommuters of telecommuters in the U.S.? Quality & Quantity, 39: 423–52. Moriset, B. (2004) Télétravail, travail distant, travail nomade : le territoire et les territorialités face aux nouvelles flexibilités spatio‐temporelles du travail et de la production, Cybergéo, Cybergéo, n° 257, 6 février. Saim Muhammad, S., Ottens, H., Ettema, D. and de Jong, T. (2007) Telecommuting and residential locational preferences: a case study of the of the Netherlands, Journal Netherlands, Journal of of Housing Housing and the and the Built Environment Built Environment , 22: 339–58 Salomon, I. (1998) Technological change and social forecasting: the case of telecommuting as a travel substitute, Transportation Research Part C Part C ‐ Emerging Technologies, Technologies, 6: 17–45.

6.4

Transportation

Mokhtarian, P.L and Bagley, M.N. (2000) Modeling employees’ perceptions and proportional preferences of work locations: the regular workplace and telecommuting alternatives, Transportation Research Part A ‐ Policy and Policy and Practice Practice 34: 223–42. Mokhtarian, P.L. and Chen, C. (2004) TTB or not TTB, that is the question: a review and analysis of the empirical literature on travel time (and money) budgets, Transportation Research Part A A ‐ Policy and

















22

Greene, T. (2007) Telecommuters lack advanced videoconferencing ‐ for now, Network World Network World , 21 August, www.networkworld.com/news/2 www.networkworld.com/news/2007/082107 007/082107‐networker.html Hof, R.D. (2007) The end of work as you know it. Increasing connectivity will change how and where we labor—even the very notion of an of an employer, Business Week , August, 20. Illegems, V. and Verbeke, A. (2004) Telework: what does it mean for management? Long Range Planning, Planning, 37: 319334. Lee, H., Shin, B. and Higa, K. (2007) Telework vs. central work: A comparative view of knowledge accessibility, Decision Support Systems Support Systems,, 43: 687–700. Nelson, P., Safirova, E. and Walls, M. (2007) Telecommuting and environmental policy: lessons from the ecommute program, Transportation Research Part D Part D, 12: 195–207.















23

Roitz, J., Nanavati, B. and Levy, G. (2004) Lessons Learned From The Network ‐Centric Organization: 2004 AT&T employee telework results, results, AT&T Telework Center of Excellence, www.att.com/telework/docs/2 www.att.com/telework/docs/2004_telework_ 004_telework_results.pdf. results.pdf. Shellenbarger, S. (2008) Some companies rethink the telecommuting trend, The Wall Street Journal Street Journal , 28 February, D1.

7. Telecommunications Networks, Broadband Broadband The end of the 2000s has seen a rebound of the broadband issue, thanks to the emergence of optical















24

7.2

Digital Divide, Spatial Inequities

Antonelli, C. (2003) The digital divide: understanding the economics of new of new information and communication technology in the global economy, Information Economics and Policy and Policy , 15: 173–99 Ben Youssef, A. (2004) Les quatre dimensions de la fracture numérique, Réseaux , n° 127: 181–209. Coester, G. and Ducass, A. (2007) L'aménagement numérique L'aménagement numérique du territoire, territoire , Paris: DIACT, La Documentation francaise. Commission of the of the European Communities (2005) Digital Divide Digital Divide Forum Report: broadband access broadband access and public public support in under ‐served areas, areas, Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, http://europa.eu.int/informat http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope ion_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/ /i2010/docs/implementation/ implementation/ddf_report_final.pdf. ddf_report_final.pdf.















25

7.3

IT-based regional development

Gillespie, A.E. and Cornford, J. (1996) Telecommunications infrastructures and regional development, in W. Dutton (ed.) Information and Communication Technologies: Visions and Realities, Realities , Oxford: Oxford University Press. Grasland, L. and Houzet, S. (2005), Diffusion des TIC et nouvelles dynamiques territoriales en Méditerranée, Revue d’Etudes Méridionales, Méridionales, 53, no 209‐10: 29–47. Greffe, X. (2002) Le développement local développement local , La Tour d'Aigues: DATAR/Editions de l´Aube. Jauhiainen, J. S. (2008). Regional and innovation policies in Finland – Towards convergence and/or mismatch? Regional Studies Regional Studies 42: 1031–46.















26

Davies, C. (2007) Fibre: the socio‐economic benefits, Copenhagen: FTTH Council Europe Conference, 11‐12 Feb., www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/studies/Socio‐Economics_Study.pdf. Depommier‐Cotton (2008) Rapport d'étude sur la couverture très haut debit des territoires, territoires, rapport pour l'Association des Régions de France, www.avicca.org/IMG/pdf/08_ www.avicca.org/IMG/pdf/08_12_THD_RapportC 12_THD_RapportCouverture.pdf ouverture.pdf Depommier‐Cotton, L. et Beziz, R. (2009) Etude pour la cohérence des projets Très Haut Débit des collectivités d’Aquitaine, rapport d’étude pour le Pôle Aquitain pour la Société de l'Information (PASI), http://siad.aecom.org//docs/r http://siad.aecom.org//docs/ressources/rapport_fi essources/rapport_final_observat nal_observatoire_aquitain oire_aquitain_tarifs_telecoms_0 _tarifs_telecoms_01030 1030 9.pdf FTTH Council (2009a) Definition of Terms, Terms, www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/studies/FTTH‐Definitions‐ Revision_January_2009.pdf.

















27

Fillon, F. (2009c) Circulaire n° 5412G du 31 juillet 31 juillet 2009 "relative aux schémas directeurs et à la concertation















28















29

Lindkvist, K.B. and Antelo, A.P. (2007) Restructuring a peripheral coastal community: the case of a of a Galician















30

8.2

Rural / Peripheral Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship hip















31

8.3

Rural/Periphery and Information Technology































































The Digital Economy and Economic Development

Recommend Documents