Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign Literature
Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) emphasized that lateness or tardiness is not just the problem of the late student but it affects the surrounding people. A student coming late in class class distra distract cts s the rest rest of the stude student nts s and and disru disrupt pts s the flo flo of the the teac teacher her!s !s discussion. "t is e#en a burden to the student$s hom the late students ask for hat to catch up ith. %he rest of the effects gi#en b& Nakpodia and Dafiaghor are about the elfare of the hole school' its producti#it& and re#enue. noing the possible effects of lateness or tardiness it is necessar& for solutions to be eecuted. %hough' it does not guarantee to make zero tardiness inside the school' at least it can alle#iate it. *reeze et al. (2010) contributed b& sa&ing that' lateness is s&non&mous ith +tardiness,' hich implies being slo to act or slo to respond' thus not meeting up ith proper or usual timing. %his is the anton&m of the ord -unctualit&. %hat noada&s' is taken for granted. %ardiness or lateness is ne#er been a good attitude. tudents as ell as orkers need to follo the time intended for school or ork. /r else' the& ill be punished and suffer from conseuences. aub& (200) puts it as a term used to describe +people not shoing up on time3.
%ardiness is about not coming on time. "t is the attitude of 4ilipino!s that is ell knon in other countr&. %here are some factors affecting the attitude of 4ilipino!s hich is gain through famil&' peers' and e#en from culture. %ardiness is ala&s associated ith !4ilipino %ime!. prick and Daniels (2005) said that is one of the most recurring and the most 3frustrating problem3 that the schools are ha#ing ith their students noada&s is tardiness. tudent tardiness leads to earl& laziness hich the& should o#ercome. As a student' the& are epected to come on time because the& are preparing for the real orld of job. A student ho failed to prepare is preparing to fail. %hough' onl& some students are the affected ones' the hole being of them is also affected. "t is because their personalit& reflects to them as a student. According to the results of the stud& of the 6. Department of 7ducation on 3truanc&3' hich is related to tardiness' being present and on time in going to school are big factors on the !success and beha#ior! of the students (8eiger'2010) %hus' it is a lot important to #alue time and practice being on time hile being a student. "t is because' it spell the difference beteen a successful or stagnant person in the future. "t can be seen in the societ& as ell. -erson ho came or do things on time tend to get the good result. 9hile those late' tends to cram and make a not so ideal result. %hese should not be tolerated in students so that the& can gi#e their best shot in e#er&thing the& do' as much as possible.
Local Literature
According to the National "nitiati#e Attendance 9orks (201:) missing just 10 percent of the school &ear in the earl& grades causes man& students to struggle in primar& school' and lateness in later grades is associated ith increased failure and drop out rates. 4ortunatel&' parents can help pre#ent tardiness from becoming freuent enough to negati#el& impact their child!s school life. %his is #er& e#ident in e#er& school. Absenteeism is ne#er been tolerated. As a matter of fact' missing school for just thrice a month ill put &ou in a home #isit list. "ts e#en harder to catch up the missed lesson. And e#en harder to achie#e the good grades &ou ha#e ished for. o' it;s true that tardiness and absenteeism ill ha#e an impact not onl& for oneself but for his future too.
oods Nes -hilippines' =anila about 34ilipino %ime3. ?e states that to label is to libel. 4ilipino %ime is a label grounded on ignorance and contempt. -eople make generalization and make us think that 4ilipino!s are not as good as the others. %his statement stated is agreeable and arguable at the same time. *efore e#en the ci#ilization came' paniards label as !ala&s late! because hene#er e ha#e meetings or there are important matters e don!t do or arri#e on time. %his is e#ident in the no#el of Dr. eneral >obernadorcillo and e#en some minor characters especiall& the people in highest caste s&stem. %hough' onl& some are li#ing like the old times' e don!t need to make generalizations that all 4ilipino are like that and not good as the others because
e are totall& globall& competiti#e hen it comes to skills' beaut& and intelligence. 9orldide recognition pro#es that.
Foreign Studie
%his stud& eamined b& *lue (200) about job in#ol#ement and organizational commitment as interacti#e predictors of absenteeism and tardiness beha#iors. -ersonnel records and uestionnaires ere used to collect tardiness and absence data for a subsample of 2 registered staff nurses out of a total sample of 22 nurses from a large =idestern hospital. @esults shoed support for the h&pothesis that indi#iduals shoing higher le#els of job in#ol#ement and organizational commitment ould ehibit less unecused tardiness and absenteeism than those ith loer le#els of job in#ol#ement and organizational commitment. %he implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. %his re#ealed that hen a person is in#ol#ed in an& job or ork he kept himself bus&. And disregard the eternal destruction that ma& lead to tardiness. ?a#ing the moti#ation and dedication inside himself' triggers to do better until he achie#e the best in his ork goals. According to the stud& of EA7E (2005) and 8eiger (2010) the most essential learning time of the da& for the students lies in the morning' specificall& beteen F00FG0 am. %his scientific stud& is e#ident because the students are most mindful and obser#ant at this time of the da&. "t is also the reason h& the most important lessons and subject matters are discussed during this time. o' hen the students are late or are absent during that time of the da&' the&' in effect missed out most of the important lessons to be noted and learned.
According to Eoan A#enue 7lementar& chool Eommunit& (2005) the official school publication of EA7E' states that hile ha#ing 3occasional tard&3 isn!t a big deal' unfailing tardiness is and it gi#es students problems including being illprepared for the job market. %his stud& re#ealed the realit& of student;s life. %hat hat &ou do reflects on &ou in the future. %he& ant their future to be better but not making the best out of them toda&. *eing a latecomer ala&s is simpl& as being tard& for the future. *ecause hen &ou do &our best toda& it puts &ou to the net step hich is higher than before. "t has a late effect that last for a lifetime.
antillano (2010) stated that ps&chological theorists considered some +personalit& traits' including lo selfesteem and aniet&, as triggering factors of tardiness. he also mentioned that hile some theorists considered tardiness as an +inborn ualit&, since our being earl& or late is +partiall& biologicall& determined,' hich she also agreed' other eperts also belie#ed that some people are +chronicall& tard&, for the reason that the& consciousl& and unconsciousl& get good things from it.
%his stud& is adopted b& some because it reasons out the factors of tardiness of students. %here are sometimes good things &ou can get from tardiness.
Another stud& as conducted b& 7namiroro /ghu#bu in Nigeria. %he objecti#e of the stud& as to determine the causes of the absenteeism and lateness among the
secondar& students in Nigeria and to seek for solutions to the groing problem. According to /ghu#bu (200)' female students are more likel& to be late than male students because of +their in#ol#ement in domestic acti#ities b& their parents., Also' as cited b& /ghu#bu' +distance to school' school discipline' famil& background and school location, (7more' 200:) are some of the common causes for the tardiness of the secondar& students.
%he stud& re#ealed that the causes of lateness among the secondar& students in Nigeria ere +going late to bed because of doing house chores resulting into aking up late in the morning' distance to school and keeping friends ho are not students, (/ghu#bu' 200). %hese results ent consistent ith the results of /ghu#bu;s reference studies hich pro#es that tardiness among students ha#e been a groing problem and that it is caused' not just because of the students but also because of the lack of imposing discipline from the parents.
Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) attribute lateness or tardiness to a lot of factors or causes. >oing late to bed and aking up late net morning are the most common. %he authors added filmatching late at night as a cause for tardiness. %he student ma& forget that he$she needs to be in school the net da&. %he distance beteen the student;s home and school or solel& the school;s location is also considered b& Nakpodia and Dafiaghor as a possible cause for tardiness. Not just because it takes more time to get to school' but according to the authors' the student is susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along the a&. -arent;s untimel& tasks and commands are also reasons that students come late to school. ?abitual tardiness can
also be learned from other members of the famil&' especiall& from the older ones. ack of a firm and consistent polic& on punctualit& also encourages students to come late at school since there are no conseuences attached to lateness or tardiness. %hese causes of tardiness ill lead to serious effects.
%his re#ealed the situation of the students and the factors that affects them. "t shocases ho the students deal and suffered from it. *ut if &ou reall& ant to finish studies' no hindrances can come and beat &ou along the a&. And for the parents though' there are onl& some parents ho ha#e done it to their sons and daughters the& can adopt it and pass it to others.
Local Studie
%his in#estigation conducted b& =ichael A. Elores (2010) states that the phenomenon of school absenteeism e#ol#es or is eperienced b& the college students. "ndepth inter#ies of ten absentee students and the use of editing st&le anal&sis and a method described b& Eolaizzi (15) &ielded three categor& schemes of eperience of school absenteeism. (a) Disempoering circumstancesfeeling of helplessness or tardiness. (b) =isguided #alue s&stemmied up prioritiesH and (c) pedagogical dilemmas unappealing academic en#ironments. *ased on the findings' the pedagogical' ps&chological and sociocultural implications are discussed.
%his is e#ident to students from kinder to college that the& can suffer from tardiness in their life. "t start hen someone or something pro#okes &ou do to so. "t is not an illness to be scared of but an attitude to de#elop and remo#ed afterards. 9hen &ou
enter college life' time matter most. =issing just a single acti#it&' term paper or e#en uiz puts &ou to risk of getting grades of G' C' or :. %ime and grades matter because it;s the time the& can see the real orld. o' the& need to change the bad attitude the& possessed or else left them outside the door ith nothing.
According to =artinez'
%his re#ealed that the 4ilipino %ime or %ardiness is someho good in its on a&. *ecause' hen a 4ilipino orks ith a 4ilipino Eompan& and ith a 4ilipino coorkers chances are more likel& to ha#e a harmonious en#ironment. %he& can understand each other!s time that leads for social control. %hough' it;s just a tool for combing and making unit& in some aspect it doesn!t mean that it is accepted b& all.
According to Adam (200) the stud& deals ith a single machine scheduling problem' here job processing time is gi#en as a start time dependent linear function. %he objecti#e is to find such a schedule hich minimizes the maimum lateness criterion.
%his stud& re#ealed that in order to lessen late student it is important to ha#e a transparenc& board for time. %his is applicable to orkers and e#en teachers. *ut the students don;t ha#e it. /nl& the attendance sa&s if the& are present' absent or late. %his is to kno the situation of the student and to address the problem and to make a solution out of it.
!I!LIO"RA#
%$&ournal' (aga)ine' Article
Elores' =.A.' 3A Jualitati#e @esearch tud& on chool Absenteeism Among Eollege tudents3 in Ateneo de Naga 6ni#ersit& 2010.
Dafiaghor and Nakpodia' 3atenessF A major problem confronting school Administrators3 in Delta tate' Nigeria 2011.
Daniel and prick' 34actors Affecting tudents %ardiness in Eollege of *usiness Administration and Accountanc&3 200.
aub&. 3 Assessment of Absenteeism and ateness among ?ospitalit& and %ourism tudents3 in un&ani -ol&technic 200.
=artinez' <.' 34ilipino %imeF A ociological -erspecti#e 201:.
/ghu#bu' 7.' 3Absenteeism and lateness among secondar& students3 in Nigeria 200.
antillano' >.' 3A re#ie of 4actors Associated ith tudent!s ateness *eha#ior and Dealing trategies3 2010.
8eiger.' 3uccess and *eha#ior of students3 2010.
#u*lihed+Unpu*lihed (aterial
.gmanes.com
.goodnesphil.com .micoblog.com 37ffects of %ardiness on &our child!s 7ducation3 201B. 3National "nitiati#e Attendance 9orks3 201B. Eo#an A#enue 7lementar& chool Eommunit& 2005.
D, Internet http-++...,acade/ic0ournal,org+0ournal+IN"O&+article1ull1te3t1pd+F24546787625
http-++1ne.ino,in9uirer,net+22::78+rude1late1a*ent1tudent';i3228rt<2e!3
