HE RGE AD HE CRUCILE
THE FORGE AND THE CRUCIBE ond diion
IRCEA ELIAE h
N N
VY io nd ondon
This book was riginay pubshed by Flammarion under te itle h Coyrigh© 1956 by Ernes lammaron
'Alchemy i he Period of he Renaissance and he Reformaion (Appendix 0) orginaly aeared as ar o a longer arce in
The Univesy of Chcago Press, Chcago 6637 The Univesy of Chicago ress, Ld. ondon nglish ransaion Coyrigh© 962 by Rider Company © 978 by Mcea Eiade All rghts reserved Pblished 96 hoenix dion 978 Prnted n he Unied Saes of America 8
8
IBN: -2262395 CN: 78554
nn
I
Ferd Preface t the Phenx Edtn
I5
Meeorie and Meallurgy
9
2 Myhology o he Iron Age
27
he World Sexualized
4
4 erra Maer. Pera Genirix
4
5 Rie and Myerie n Meallurgy
5
6 Human Sacrice o he Furnace
65
7 Baylonian Symolim and Meallurgical Riual
71
8 Maer o Fire
9 Divne Smih and Civilizing Heroe
87
Smih, Warrior, Maer o Iniiaion
I
Chinee Alchemy
9
Indian Alchemy
Alchemy and Iniiaion
4
4 Arcana Ari
5
5 Alchemy and emporali Postscrip
69 ' 79
Appendice
ndex
5
Fwd Th s scion of his sma voum psns (hough ys of a hisoian of igions) a goup of myhs is and symos pcuia o h caf of h min smih an mal wok. I gos wihou saying ha I am v much in h d of h hisoians of scinc and chnoogy; hi ndings hav povd invaua. Bu my pupos in h psn wok has n oaly din fom his. My aim has n o amp o gain an undsanding of h haviou of pimiiv sociis in aion o Ma and o foow h spiiua advnus in which hy cam invovd whn hy found hmslvs awa of hi pow o chang h mod of ing of susancs I woud phaps hav n mo woh whi o sudy h dmiugic xpincs of h pimva po sinc i was h who was h s o modify h sa of ma; hs xpincs hav howv f i o no ac in h myhological cod I hav hfo pfoc n oigd o ak as my saing poin h aionship of pimiv man o mina susancs wih spca mphasis on h iuais haviou o h smh and h ionwok. Th ad shoud no xpc o nd h a cuua hisoy of maugy anaysing h dvous ways y which spad houghou h wold and dsciing h myhs which accom panid i in h cous of is popagaion. Such a hsory vn if i w possil would un ino som housands of pags. Bu i is xmy doufu whh i coud in fac win. Th pincipa soucs fo h myhs and is conn c � 7
�
8
Frerd
mas a Afca Indonsa and Sa and ths a aas whos cultual hstoy and mythology a th lagly unknown o ony jst gnnng to com known. Futh mo th a condal gaps n o knowldg of th hstoy of th gnal spad of mtallugcal tchns. Wh possl th hstococultual contxt of th aous mtallugcal complxs has n takn nto account; t my man conc has n to pc though to th mntal wold whch ls hnd thm. Mnal sustancs shad n h sacdnss attachng to th EathMoth. Vy aly on w a confontd wth th noton that os gow n th y of th ath aft th mann of myos. Mtallugy thus taks on th chaact of osttcs. Mn and mtal wok ntn n th nfodng of sutanan my oogy thy acclat th hythm of th gowth of os , thy coaoat n th wok of Natu and assst t to g th mo apdy. n a wod man wth hs aous tchnus gadually taks th plac of m: hs laos plac th wok of m. o collaoat n th wok of Natu to hlp h to poduc a an ncasng tmpo to chang th modalts of matt-h n o w ls on of th ky soucs of alchmcal dology. W do not of cous cam that th s an nokn contnuty twn th mntal wold of th alchmst and that of th mn, mtalwok and smth (athough, ndd t ntaton ts and mysts of th Chns smths fom an ntgal pat of th tadtons at nhtd y Chns aosm and alchmy). Bt what th smlt smh and alchmst ha n common s that all th lay cam to a pa ca magcolgos xpnc n th ltons wth matt; ths xpnc s th monopoly and ts sct s tansmttd though th ntatoy ts of th tads. All th wok on a Matt whch thy hold to a
Foewod
9
once alv and sacred, and n thr laours they pursue the ransormation o matter, ts perection and ts transmutaton hese sumary ormulations wll later e more ully and accurately expounded But to repat what has already een stated, ths rtualist attitude towards matter involves, n one orm or anoher, mans nterventon n the temporal rhythm pecular to livng ustances And t s here that we nd the point o contact etween the alchemst and the arsan metalworker o prmtive socetes he deology and techniques o alchemy consttute the man theme o the second part o ths work We have dwelt at some length on Chnese and Indan alchemy not only ecause they are less well known ut also ecause they present n clear orm oth the exprmental and mystcal character o ts technque It must e emphaszed at the outset that alchemy was not, in ts origns, an emprcal scence, a dmenta chemstry hs t dd not ecome tll later when, or the majorty o ts practitoners, ts mental world had lost ts validty and ts o de he hstory o scence recognzes no asolute reak etween alchemy and chemstry; the one, lke the other, works on the same mineral sustances, uses the same apparatus and, enelly speang, apples sel to the same experments In so ar as one acknowledges the valdity othe nvestgaons nto the origns o scence and technology, the perspctve o the hstoran o chemstry s perectly deensle: chemstry was orn rom alchemy, or, more precsely, t was orn rom the dsintegraton o the ideology o alchemy But we vew t rom the standpont o the hstory o the human spirt we see the matter qute derently Alchemy posed as a sacred scence, whereas chemstry cae nto ts own when sustances had shed ther sacred attrutes Now there must, o necessty, e a reak o contnuty etween the cred and the proane plane o experence
0
Frerd
One exmpe wil suce o ring ou he dierence The origin' of the drm (oh of Greek trgedy nd of he drmic specces of the ncien Ner Es nd of Europe) hs een trced ck to cerin seson rituls whi rody speking presented the foowing seuence conic eween wo ntgonistic principes (Life nd Deth God nd he Dgon etc) trgic suering of he God menion his deth nd juiion o geet his resurrecion' Gier Murry hs even shown tht he srucure of cerin o the trgedies of Euripides (not ony the Bacchantes ut so pptus nd Andrmache rein he pern of these old ritu spectces If such indeed is he rue origin of the drm if in fc i ecme n utonomous phenomenon s resut of the use of the mteri of the sesn ries-one is ustied in tking of he scred orgins of te secur tetre ut he uitive dierence etween the two cegories is none the less eviden: the riu specce eonged to he sphere of holy things i uneshed reigious eperiences i invoved he slvion' of the enire community Te seculr drm on he oher hnd once it hd set the limits of is own spiriu word nd dened its system of vues gve rise to experiences of uite dierent order it inspired esthetic emotions nd pursue n ide of form perfecion uite en to he vues of reigious experience And thus hough h hetre coninued in semiscred tmosphere over period of my centuries here is rek of coninuiy eween the two drmtic pnes There is n immesurle guf eween those who pricipe in reigious spirit in the scred mysery of he iturgy nd hose who derive purey esheic pesure from he euty of its ?ectce nd the ccompnying music Of course chemic operons were no symoic; hey were physic operins crried ou in orories Yet their purpose ws no ht of the prcic chemist The lter
Forewod
carris ou his xac osrvaons o physicochical phno na and prors sysaic xprins in ordr o pn o srucur o ar Th alchis on ohr hand , is concd ih passion, dah' and arriag o susancs in so ar as thy ill nd o ransu ar and uan li His goals r h Philosophrs Son and Eixir Via Jung has shon a h syolis o alchica procsss is rnacd in h dras and talk o pains copy ignoran o achy Jung's osrvaions ar o inrs no only o dp psychology hy also in dircy conr h soroogical uncion hich is on o h in consituns o alchy I oud unis o ry o sa h orginal qualiis o alchy ro h annr o is ipac on h ginnings and riuph o chisry Fro h achis's poin o vi chsry rprsnd a Fal' caus i an h scularizaion o a sacrd scinc This is no o ak an apoogia or achy u o oy h nary ruir ns o a hisory o culur Thr is indd only on ay o undrsanding a culural phnonon hich is ain o on's on idoogica parn and a is o pac os a is vry cnr and ro r o rack don a h valus ha radia ro i Only y lookng a hngs ro h sandpoin o h achs il succd in gaining an insigh ino his na ord and hry apprais h xn o is originaiy Th sa hodologica rquirn oud apply o any priiv or xoic cuura phnonon Bor procd o judg i us ully undrsand i and co iud as i r ith is idoogy havr or i ay ak-yh, syol ri social aiud So srang sor o inrioriy coplx ss o inhii us-h rprsnaivs o Europan cuur-ro aking aou priiv culurs in jus and unprudicd rs I
Foewod
attempt to dee the logal oheene o an aha ultue and du t noty o humanty thout teng the e avouale apet o t oologal, eonom o ygen pate, e un the k o eng upeted o evaon o even ouantm Fo loe on to entue the Euopean ent pt ha made podgou eot to explan the old a o onue and tanom t Ideologally, th tumph o ene ha maneted tel n a ath n unlmted poge and n he dea that the moe moden e eome th moe key e ae to appoah aoute tuth and the ull plentude o human dignty. Hoeve, o ome tme no the nvetgaton o ethnologt and oentat have eveaed the extene o hghly etmale oete n the pat (and n the pent too, o that matte) hh, although ute devod o ent poe (n the moden ene) o any apttude o nduta ahevement, had nevthee oked out the on ytem o metaphy, moaty and even eonom and thee ytem have een hon to e peetly vad n the on ght. But ou on utue ha eome o exevely jealou o t value that t tend to egad th upon any attempt to oot the ahevement o othe, pmtve o exot ultue Havng o o ong (and o eoally!) olloed the path hh e eleved to e the et and ony one othy o the ntegent, elepetng ndvdua, and havng n the poe aed the et pat o ou ou n od to at he oloal nteletual demand o ent and nduta poge, e have gon upou o the geatne o pmtve utue. he talat o Euopean uue hve no eahed the pont hee they onde hete the on o (ne t may no longe e egaded a the peak o man ptual ahevement o the ute pole to the tenteh entuy) has een oth all the eot nd ae expended upon t
Fowod
I
T n of nfrory or bng rpdy rn drd ou of d by cour of ory f Nonuropn con r no bng udd nd ngd n r own rg And kw o b opd o prod n ory of uropn pr wc r cor o rd on cuur nd r cry mrkd o from ryng w cd n fr rump of cnc mod w no ongr b udgd n pomcy prn pr crcrc of gn nd nnn cnur Acmy on of o cron of prcnc r nd orogrpr wo woud mp o prn ud mny p of cmry or ndd cur cnc woud b rdng on ry ky ground T on prpc bn d by grn o dmonr bgnnng of xpmn d obon found n crn cc work nd conquny gnd n xg grd mpornc o o x wc rd r roug gropng owd cnc mod w gnorng or n wc cmc prpc propr w pny mor ub In or word nron of cmc wng pd non o orc word of wc y wr pr n o o u wc propry bong o on of cmry of nn nd n cnur u of xpmn cnc T work bn ddcd o mmory of r gr on of cnc Sr rpu Cndr Ry dmund on Lppmnn nd Ado M wo udd my rrc bn 92 nd 92· Two m oum pub d n Rumnn m (Bucr 9) nd Comoog o (Bucr 97) d rdy pr nd n mr concrnng Indn Cn nd byonn cmy Som frgmn of r book
14
Fowod
n ransa ino rnch an puish n a onograph on Yoga (c og Ei u Oigin d ! mtiu ndinn asuchars 936, pp 4 s aso L oga, mmotait t Lit aris 94 pp 491) on par (rvs an narg o Comoogi i Aimi ionina was puish in Engish in 1938 unr h of Mtug Magi and Am (Zamo, pp 8129 an sparay in h rs of h Cai d Zamo) n h prsn work hav akn up os of h ara aray us in y prvious suis aking ino accoun hos works ha hav appar snc 193 paricuary h ansaions of Chins achica s arics n Ami an h pucaons of rofssor Jung A nur of chaprs hav n a an h who work has n rwrin o ring n n wih h os rcn viws on h suc oonos hav n ruc o h vry iniu ais of h as rsarch ssnia iiography an h iscusson of or spciai aspcs of h pro hav n group oghr n appnics a h n of h vou A rsarch schoarshp awar y h oingn ouna ion Nw York has na o rng his work o a succssfu concusion o h russ of ha ounaon I hry prss y graiu I a aso n o y frin M Oga roapyn who was kin nough o pu a y isposa h cocions of h Archiv fr Syo forschung whch sh has sash in Ascona an o y frns r Hnr Hunwa Marc Liovci an Ncoas Morcoscou who hp wih h rsarch an ocu naion o h oo prss y sincr hanks. h frnship of r. n afrgu a afrgu r ogr Go an Aic Go has na o work a hr hos in aris an Va 'Or an is a gra pasur o o a o rcor y harf hanks o h hr.
Pc h Phnix Ediin Th Fch do o hs book ws ublishd i 16 d h Eglish sio c ou 162 A w s l I ublshd ccl d bioghic mse u pont ild Th Fog h Cucbl A Possc' Hstor of Regons 8 (168 488 This icl ws lso cludd h H Tochbook do bough ou 168 I hv k h oou o h s issu o h book o coc ub o isis. So io woks o Chis lch hv b ublshd h s w ss d oos h Sivi Cnese cem: remnr Studes (Cbidg Mss. 168 s viw i Hstor of Regons 1 882 d Josh dh Scence nd ton n Cn, vol. s 2 d 3 (Cbdg 14 d 1. I would lso o such sulg c books o Rissc d osRssc lch s All G. bus Te Cem Drem of te Renssnce (Cbdg 168 P J. Fch on Dee Te ord of n Eetn Mgus (Lodo 12 Fcs Ys Te Roscrucn Engtenment (odo 12 W Mogo Cross nd Cruce:
Jonn Ventn ndree SS oen ofte Teoo g (Th Hgu 3 R. J. W. Evs Rudo nd Hs ord: Stud n nteectu Hstor, S (odo 1 d B obbs Te Foundton of Newtons cem (Cbdg 1 I hv dscussd so o h digs o 0 o h Adics
rece to te oen dton
Athough I hv ot vd th subct of chmy from th prspctv of th hstory of tchqu or th hstory of scc my mr of pproch hs b cvd fvorby by umbr of spcsts It s spcy grtfyg to ot tht ths cud such dvrs schors s R P Muthuf d A G. Dbus hstors of y chmstry; Ndhm d N v hstors of Chs scc; W chdr hstor of Wsr chmy d phrmcoogy; H Nsr hsto of Ismc scc; d W E Puckrt spcst of ansopa
H RGE AD HE CRUCIL
z oris and allurgy
They cmeevtbe tht meteotes shoud spe e. fom some emote ego hgh up the heves wAS
d possessed sed quty eoyed oy by thgs cees I cet cutues thee s tme he me thought the sky s mde of stoe d eve tody the Aust bo ges beve the vut of heve to be mde of ock cyst d the thoe of the hevey dety of qutz Rock cysts supposedy boke y fom the hevey thoe do fct py spec oe the shmc tto ceemoes of the Aust boges mog the Negtos of Mcc Noth Amec d esehee These stoes of ght' s they e ced by the mtme Dyks of k eect eveythg tht hpes o eth They dscose to te shm ht hs tke pce the sck ms sou d the destto to hch hs sou tkes ght Thee s o eed to emd the ede tht the sm s he ho sees becuse he s edoed h supetu vso He sees ust s f to spce s to tme. Lkese he c peceve ht s vsbe to the ymspts gods the sou Whe he s beg tted the futue shm s fed th cysts of qutz othe ds hs cpcty s vsoy s e s hs scece S Ne A a end me S M. ade Chamanisme e tdqus h e/'xe,
0
T Forge nd te Cue
coms o m s pr rom mysc sory h W sh o o br m h ry rgous sgcc chg o rohs Ty o rh crg cs scy y hy rprs h Ts ou suggs hy so my mors r orspp or y Th u s m rs orm mm mso o god T Pum o Troy s suppos o h ropp rom c rrs s s h su o goss h cs org s so ccor o h su o rms Epsus o co o Hogbus Emsus (Hro 3 T mor Pssus Pryg s r s h mg o yb oo uco by Dpc rc s rspor o Rom shory r h co Puc Wr bock ohr so h mos c rprso o Eros soo s by s Prxs scupur mg o h go (Puss x 27, hr xmps cou sy b ou mos mous bg K Mcc I s oorhy h cr umbr o mors r ssoc gosss spcy ry gosss such s yb r com up gs rsrc o scy cs org s orgo o g o rgous oo o h pet gen W s r hs mo o ry o sos Bu hy c mscu ssc o mors s o h ss byo spu or cr sx d ohc oos r subsquy g ms k rsos urbo ' or Gos xs T ss r r ou r hough o b sruck by hurbo hc s h po o 1 lt ht th utrl ll it t tl bu
mt hh f h qut th hm ( 8) bbgh Nt t l
Mtorts nd Mturg
2
God Hv Wh ths God s oustd by th God o torms th thudrbo bcm th sg o th scd uo bt th God o th Hurrc d th Goddss Erth Ths my ccout or th rg umbr o doubxs ds covrd ths prod th cts d cvs rt Ths xs k th thudrbot d th mtorts cvd' th rth thy symbozd othr ords th uo bt hv d rth Dph most mous o th cts o ct Grc od ts m to ths mythc mg dph' sgs ct th m grtv org s b s tr my othr symbos d pptos k th rth to om ut ths ogy srvd s kd rchtyp mod hch prorty s gv to th cosmos Pto r mds us (Mn. 8) tht th mttr o cocpto t s th om ho mtts th rth d ot th rth om Prmt pops orkd th mtorc ro or og tm bor rg ho to us rrous ors It s ko mrovr tht prhstorc pops bor th dscovry o smtg trtd crt ors s though thy r sts tht s thy ookd upo thm s r mtrs or th mkg o sto toos smr tchqu s ppd ut rcty by crt pops hv o kodg o mtugy thy orkd th mtort th sx hmmrs d shod obcts hs shp rsmbd rspcts thr so mods Ths s ho th Grd Eskmos md thr kvs out o mtorc r Wh ortz qurd o th ztc chs hc thy obtd thr kvs thy smpy ptd to h sky k th Mys o Yuct d th Ics W cso i, Cm G (Oor, 36 p 0 2 . G F Zimm T s o Mtor ro by Pmti M (l oh Io d Sl I 6, p s T iscss o t o mtoi o 1
by prm pops bg 07 te Zs Eolog, ws t p gi by Motls Pstos Zig 1 3, pp. 9 Rcr r M d Nvl pp 93 A Rc M M ol pp 18
Te Forge d e Cruce
of Pr tcs sd oy mtorc ro c ty rt gr t god y k otg bot t smtg of ors rcoogsts v fod o trc of ro t pr storc dposts of t N Word Mtrgy s sc tr d ot mrc s probby stc org Most rct rsrcs td to rt t to t sot s ctr of t o poc (mdd d t gt to fort ctrs Bc t od mk t mor or ss of Db org for t s Db mtrgy c t t to g ctrs Bc rrvd v t css pops of ct rt probbty srd smr ds. mr ord ABA t odst ord dsgtg ro s md p of t pctogrms sky d r It s sy trstd cst mt or strmt mpb ompso rdrs t s cst gtg (of mtort. tymoogy of t otr Msopotm m for ro t ssyr pru s mttr of cotrovrsy om scors drv t from t mr BAA, grt mt (g Prsso p. I I 3), bt most of tm sppos to v stc org bcs of t dg . (Forbs p 6 Brk d Gort v sggstd cs orgi s Forbs d W s ot d t t vry compx probm of t mtrgy of ct Egypt For og tm mtorc ro s t oy kd ko to t Egypts Iro dposts do ot ppr to v b md s of t t gtt dysty d t N Empr (Forbs p. 9 It s tr tt rtcs md of trc ro v b fod bt t bocks of t Grt Pyrmd (900 Bc d sxtctry pyrmd t bydos tog t Egypt org of ts R G For Magy qy p. R HnGdr 'D c Hr dncn M
cn dma V 5 py pp 5 3 S oe A
Meteorte nd Meturg
2
rtes s o bee fuy estbse Te erm i-np ro from ee or more exy me from ee' ery pots to ter meteore org It s possbe oeer t te erm s rst ppe o opper (f Forbes p 428 We te sme suto t te Htes fourteet eury text eres tt te Httte kgs use bk ro from e sky (Rkr Mn nd Me, I p 49 Meteor ro s ko ree from te Mo er (2 c ro obets e bee fou te tombs ossos Te eest org of ro s perps teste by te Greek idero s bee rete to du,-er, meg str' te Ltu idu, o se ideti, sg. Te use of meteores s ot oeer ute to pomoe ro ge proper We t ste te met reme rre (t s s preous s go ts use s more or ess rtus Before e mrk s eouo ou be ugrte te ge of Mets m to t e soery of smetg Ts s espey true of ro Uke opper broze e meurgy of ro ery soo beme ustrze e te sere of smetg mgette or emte s er (or soere tere s o uy prourg rge qutes of me beuse eposts ere r esy to expo Bu te g of eur ores ered from t of meteor ro s t so from e smetg of opper broze s ot ut fter te s oery of fures prury fter te perfetg of e teque of e reg of met brougt o te et t ro ee s omt posto. Te beggs of s meturgy o ustr se be e t pero beee 2 c te mouts of rme From 1 Cf No A o d w v po C Gk d
d o o wok Ct poby of oo b C Mou d d g o of w w dd og o d f Fo, o 5
Te Fore and e Cruc!e
ere e secre of smeg spread across he Near Eas he Mederraea ad cera Erope ahogh as e have js oed ro heher of meeore org or from sperca dposs as ko he hrd mem Mesopoama Te Asmar Te Chagar Bazar Mar Asa Mor Aaca Hyk ad probaby aso Egyp Forbes pp. 4) U fary ae roork as fahfy modeed o Broze Age syes js as he Broze Ag a rs coed he sysc morphoogy of he oe Age. Iro appears he form of orames ames ad saees. For og reaed a sacred ve hch s srvves amog may prmve peopes. I s o or cocer o dea h he varos phases of ace mergy or o demosrae s ece hrogh he corse of hsory r prpose s soey o revea he symbosms ad magcoregos compexes hch became a reay drg he Mea Age especay afer he dsra rmph f ro For he Iro Age before became a facor he mary ad poca hsory of hmy gave rse o spra creaos s s ofe he case he mage he symbo ad he re acpaesomemes eve make possbehe pracca appcaos of a dscovery. Before provdg a meas of raspr he charo as he vehce of ra processos; as sed o parade he symbo of he s or he mage of he soar god Besdes he dscovery of he charo oy became asbe he he symbosm of he soar hee as der sood Before chagg he face of he ord he Iro Age egedered a arge mber of res myhs ad symbos hch have reverberaed hrogho he spra hsory of hmay I s oy afer he dsra scces of ro ha s proper o speak of he meargca age of ma. The dscovery ad sbseqe progress of ro smeg gave a e sgcace o radoa meargca echqes I as he meargy
Meteorite nd Meturg
2)
of tuc o hch ths mt t fo yy s Ths fct h mpott cosqucs I to to th ht cst sctty of mtots o hv t st hoiss sh y ms os Th mtugy of o tuy pot fom th tchc scovs th mtugy of copp oz It s ko tht fom th tm of th Nothc Ag (sxthfth m m h m spoc us of th copp hch h co th ths sufc ut h t s though t sto o o g s yt got of th spcc popts of th mt Not t t th ppcto of ht to copp com ko tchq coppsmtg pop ts oy fom ot 4 to 5 c (A U Uk pos E so o cot spk of Ag of opp fo oy mt qtts of th mt pouc Th t ppc of o foo y ts ust tmph h tmous uc o th ts symos of mtugy A ho ss of toos mgc ss of o u to ths vctoy to th fct tht t sps oz copp hch psttv of oth gs' oth mythoogs Th smth s st fomost ok o hs omc cotofo h s co stty o th mov hs qust fo mt fo os fo okpts hm touch th g poputos Th smth coms th pcp gt ths sp of myths ts mtugc mysts Ths sm of fcts tocs s to vst mt o t s ths spt uvs hch popos to pst to th s th pgs tht foo It o cut phps vs to g y tkg comphsv v of ths hstoc pocss It ou mo stsfctoy to ppoch ths mtugc o y sy stgs W sh cout ct m of
6
Te Forge and te Cruce
rits d mystris boud up ith mgicorigious co cptios hich r somtims prt d prc of o othr somtims ru pr but hich t tims r v tgoistic W sh try to ist thm briy so s to hv vi of th mi outi of our quiry W sh prst sris of documts cocrig th ritu fuctio of th smthy th mivt chrctr of th smith d th iks xistig bt th mgic' mstry of r th smith d th scrt socitis. th thr hd h com to cosidr miig d mturgy d oursvs cofrotd ith spcic cocpts rtig to th rth s mothr to th sxu iztio of th mir ord d its toos d to th itr rtioship of mturgy gycoogy d obsttrics W sh strt by xpiig crti of ths cocpts i ordr th bttr to udrstd th ord of th mturgist d th smth W sh dscovr boud up ith th myths o th origi of mts mythicoritu compxs mbrcig th otio f gsis by ms of th scric or sfscric of god; th coctios bt th gricutur mystiqu mturgy d chmy; d y th ids of tur groth forcd groth d prfctio Fooig upo this sh i positio to stimt th importc of ths ids i stbishmt of chmy
yholoy of h Iron A
ot dwel at legth o the supposedly sacred qualty o ro. Whether t had ale rom te heavey SHA
vault or bee etracted rom the bowels o the earth t was stll cosdered to be charged wth sacred power. Eve amog populatos wth a hgh leve o cuture we st d ths attude o awe ad reverece towards the meta It s ot very og sce the kgs o Malaya kept a sacred bock o ro whch was part o ther regala ad surrouded wth a extraordary veerato mgled th a superstous terror By the prmtves gora o metawork ro toos were veerated eve more. The Bh a prmtve people o da used to oer ther rst ruts to the pots o arrows obtaed rom eghourg tres t was ot a questo o eshsm or o the worshp o a obect se or or ts ow sake t was ot a mater o supersto but a sacred respect or a strage obc outsde ther ow amar world a obect comg rom elsewere ad hece a sg or toke o the beyod a earmage o the trascedeta hs s evde cutures whch have og ee amar wth tellurc (.e oceesta ro but the egedary memory o the heavely metal st perssts as does the bele ts occut marves. he Bedous o Sa are covced tha the ma who s 1 A C Kyt qoed by W Prry T Cl of h S (Londo 9 p 2 Ad D M b N 4 27
Te Foge nd e Cucbe sccessl makg a swod o meeoc ro becomes vlebe bale ad assed o ovecomg all hs oppoes The ceesal mea s oeg o he eah hece s rascede comes om p above Tha s why o he coempoa Aab o s he ae o a mavel ca peom maces. Ths may well be he coseqece o a memoy heavy weghed wh myh ad devg om a epoch whe ma sed oly meeoc o Hee oo we ae he pesece o a mage o he ascedea o myhs peseve he memoy o ha legeday ea whe hee wee me edowed wh eaoday powes almos demgods. Thee s a has bewee hese myhca mes (ud empu) ad hsocal mes popead evey has o hs so dcaes he sphee o adoal spay a scedece whch dsappeaed wh he all. Io sll reas s eaorday magcoelgos pesge eve amog peopes whch have a aly advaced ad comple hsoy. Ply woe ha ro s eecve agas nox medcmen ad also dveu nocu mpne (N H XXXI 44 Sma bees ae o be od Tkey Pesa Ida amog he Dayaks ad ohes I 0 J. odzhe was aleady accmlag a mass o docmes coceg he se o o o wadg o demos. Twey yeas lae Selgma had ceased he mbe o eeeces eod. The dosse o he sbec s ac paccaly lmless. I s he ke moe ha ayhg ese ha carres o he ob o keepg away demos I oheas Eope aces o o poec cops o oly agas he vagaes o he weahe b also agas spels ad he evl eye. The pesge o he yoges o meshe as he Meal Agessrvves W E gBy Th Bdo o h SPl (Pt Expo o Fd 9 p 7), otd y R E D Qc L Mod Oal 9 9 pp , p o o o g gct d pop dc t, ot B
h f h rn A a eah o myh oveg usoms aboo ad upe sos agey uepoed. Bu ke he smhs o eas s mbvae haae o a aso embody he sp o he dev. The dea vaguey pesss ha o hs bee douby voous voous hough vzao (hough ag uue ad voous hough wa The my umph w somemes be he ouepa o a demoa umph To he Wa hagga o oas se a mag oe whh s he eemy o e ad o peae Th oos o he smh aso shae hs saed quay The hamme he beows ad he av ae eveaed o be amae mauous obes They wee egaded as apabe o opea g by he ow magoegous oe uasssed by he smh The smh Togo speakg o hs oos desbes hem as he hamme ad s amy I Agoa he hamme s veeaed beause oges he sumes eessay o aguue s eaed ke a pe ad pampeed ke a hd The Ogowe who ae uaquaed wh o ad hee do o wok wh veeae he beows beogg o smhs eghboug bes The Mossegee ad he Ba Sakae beeve ha he dgy o he masesmh s oeaed hs beows. As o he uaes he oso s wapped mysey ad osues a geue ua (see ae pp 57 sq A hese bees do o so a he saed powe o he meas bu eed o he mag o he sumes. The a o eag oos s esseay supehumaehe dve o demoa (o he smh aso oges mudeous wepos Remas o ae myhs beogg o he Soe Age have pobaby bee added o o wove o he myhoogy o meas The soe oo ad he hadae wee haged wh a W C Mnng nd Mtu in go Afc 97), 7 R Ad t W C op. ci. . R Mtug
n Antiqut
O
Te Foge ad e Cube
mysteous powe they stuck cted uy caused e posos poduced spaks as dd he thudebot The ambvaet magc o soe weapos both etha ad beece ke the thudebot tse was tasmtted ad maged he ew sumets oged o meta The hamme successo to the ae o the Stoe Age becomes he embem o poweu gods he gods o the stom Ths eabes us to udestad why these stom gods ad he gods o agcutua ecudy ae sometes coceved as smthgods The Toue o Kuags sacce goas to the god Dtse S who uses the heads as avs Dug stoms Dse oges hs o betwee the hos o he sacced beast ghtg ad a ha o spaks a upo the eath ad ay ow he demos I hs capacy as smth ths god deeds ma ad hs cops Dtse S s a god o stom coespodg to the Tbeta dama ad hece to Doeegs(pa wh des a goat ad who seems to be a acet o dety Now Doeegs(pa s a smthgod hs cu s coected wth stoms wth agcutue ad he goat We d a sma stuato amog the Dogos It s the heavey smth ho s the oe o cvzg heo he bgs dow ga om heave ad eeas agcutue to makd Le us gace o the momet at ths sequece o mythca mages the stomgods stke the eah wth thudestoes the embem s the doube ae ad the hamme the stom s the sga o he heaveeath heogamy Whe skg he avs smths mtate the pmoda gestue o the stog god they ae eect hs accessoes A the mythoogy wove oud agaa ty metaugy ad wok s moeove o eaty ecet og f ate date tha pottey ad agcutue metaugy s set te amewok o 1 n rder u en der uje (Athrps, 19$�), sq
H. Hofman Que/e {U Geschite dr tbetsce B Relg Mn, 9
Moog of te ron Age
3
a sl vese whee the hevely god who ws stl eset the ethologc hses o oodgaheg d smagame htg s ally osted by the stog od the et zg Mle sose o the teestl eat Mothe It s kow o coe tht o ths egos le the coceto o reo x nio, accomshed by a seme hevely dety hs bee oveshdowed ad seseded by the de o ceto by heogmy d blood scce we ass om th de o reon to tht oproreon Ths s oe o the esos why the mythology o metlgy we come agst he mots o tl o d bood scce It s motat to gs the sgcace o the ovelty eeseted by the dea th ceto s eected by mmoto o selmmolato Pevos myth ooges kow oly o a ceto ex no o om some m od sbstce shoed by od. The mkg o the blood sacce o codto o ceatocosmogoy s we as thoogeyeoces ot oy the homooges betwee m ad the cosmos (o the vese tse deves om a m oda gata Macathoe bt aso todces the dea that e ca oy be egedeed om aothe e that has bee mmolated These kds o cosmogoy d athoogey wll hve cosdeabe coseqeces the stage w be eached whee ceato o abcto wl be cocevable wthot evo scce Dg bdg tes o exmle the e o so o he vctm s taseed to the bldg tse the bldg becmes the ew body stctly seg o the sacced vctm om the body o he seamoste Tmt whom he has vaqshed Mdk ceates the vese Sm themes ae od esewhee emc myhoogy the gt Ym costtes mal matte as do Pak ad Psha hs d ds s d
n g d wi f smhg m, sl s w big. Er c mls srm ic h l.
Te Foge nd e Cue hese d Id mythology uru sges m
32
showg deed tht hum se lled osmogo uto i et Id tdtos But suh se ws the ototye s t wee the mmolted hum vtm em boded the dve mod Mthoe It ws wys god tht ws sed god eeseted by m Ths symbosm sgs ot oly om mythoog tdtos ssoted wth the eto o m but so om myths oeed wth the og o lmety ts To ete m Mduk mmotes hmsel I sh mke my bood sod I wl mke boes theeom I shl se u M deed M wl be I sh ostut m hbtt o the eth Kg who ws the st to tslte ths text sought to lk t wth the Mesootm tdto o eto hded dow by Beosus (outh etuy Bc utho o vuble hde hstoy wtte eek but ow ost Ad Bl seeg tht the eth ws deseted ut etle ommded oe o the gods to t o hs hed e Bs hed] to mx hs bood wth eth d to sho me d ms be o suotg the m osmolog otos e to e oud gyt The ooud sese o hese myths s e eough eto s se Oe ut e to wht oe hs eted oy by gvg to t oes ow e (blood tes se sou et et othe sees o myths whh e mohoogy oeted w s theme sek o e og o mety ts whh hve ssued om the se se o god o goddess To esue the exstee o m dve beg wom g m o hds sed om h (o he body sout the deet kds o uttve ts Ths myth odes the model o the tes whh must S a o rio p 6 d b S gdm L Pm smr d Prd d Dl d a t d [hmm p 33- S l Edrd Drm L Rlos Bylo d'ssyi 19 c. M pp , 1 g,
3 S N d f m
Moog of e on Age
33
be peodca ceebated Ths s the sgcace o the ma sacces made o the bee o the havest cops the vctm s pt to death ct p ad the peces stew ove the eath to make t ete As we sha see ate accodg to cet trdos metas ae aso spposed o have ssed om the esh o bood o some mmoated pmod sem dve beg Sch cosmoogca coceptos eoce the hmoog bewee ma ad vese ad sevea es o thoght ca o ad deveop ths homoog vaos dectos om these cocepos emeges the seazato o the vegetabe ad mea kgdom ad o te toos ad obects the sodg wod I dect eato wth ths sexa sm bosm we mst eca the mtpe mages eatg to the be o the eaththe me compaed to the tes ad oes to embos a o whch ae mages coeg a obstetc ad gaeogca sgcace po the tas assocated wth mes ad metag
Coning e myl mofs ad e res dvig om em Ed T 'H Reg sq nd Ede 'L Tee-Mhe e es H� e cosmques (E-}abc XXI 1954) 87 sq
Th Wold Sxual1d
we tak o the sexuaato o the vegetae wo t s ecessa to be cea as to the pecse eag o the te t s ot a questo o the actua pheoeo o the etato o pats but o a quatatve ophoogca casscato whch s the cuato a expesso o a expeece o stca spath wth the wo t s the ea o e whch poecte o to the cosos sexuaes t t s ot a atte o akg obectve o scetc obsevatos but o avg at a appasa o the wo aou us tes o e a tes o athopocosc est eacg sexuat ecut eath a ebth ot that e ptve socetes wee capabe o obectve obsevg the e o pats The poo o ths s the scove o the atca etato a gatg o ate tees a g tees Mesopota These pocesses ha og bee kow o at east two paagaphs o the Haua oe egsate o ths pot Ths pactca kowege was atewas hae ow to the Hebews a the Aabs But the atca etato o ut tees was ot ooke upo as a hotcutua techque cet tse but as a tua he act that t vove vegetae ett pe as sexua pacpato Ogastc pctces assocate wth eah et o wth agcuue S D
T od Sxui{d
b budty tstd t sty f gis s Eid Tit 71 sq 0 sq. I wi suc t qu x ccd w t gftig f ctus d g s i d us t tustc cct f is css Ib Wsy is Book cocg N gicutur, s dictd f us t cuss f t sts f Ms Ps d Egyt T bk s w st but f t fgts qutd by Miids i s ssib ct t tu f t susts su udig t fzti d gftig f fu s N Es. Accdg Mids Jws w fbidd t us s f gfd ts i d t sfgud gist ssib f t gistic cics bti ig g igbug s. Ib Wsyd s t y t wt w sf t b cd wy by suc gssks f ftstic gftgs cty Ntu' bw dig gtb scs sys f sc t t gfg f bc f t u wud duc y s s t sz f s ut s c tt gf cud sucd y f ws fd i u d t cti cuci f t su d xs us bc b gftd ust b d t ds f y butifu id wi s g sfu d utu su cus wt dug cius t gi gfts bc ' T sigcc s c d t su utu' ui gb wd utu sxu ui btw u bigs ws cssy Ts wy f kg t t uis ds dicy f cus f wc its d cugs t bc bsti f t if f ts ik t s f Tes epoduced ad commeed on S oows HpiJ f h Clw nd U f C F p 0
H
Te Foge nd te Cuibe ci i, Msoois oyd s ' d f i i cssicio of vgb scis, bu is cssico ook io ccou ooogic cii .g sbcs o u gi d c d by y giv i ci gic oos. ws us, fo x, cyss d dgo NAA w , wi sub nikibtu (iuidmb oient/) ws cosidd o f ccodig o fo o iu fucio ssigd o i. Aogous cocios o b foud i ci di fo x, Ck (Kt 3) kos sxuiy of s bu Sski ioogy ks qui c o us iod iuiio wic d d o is discovy i ws coso of vgb scis wi u gi ogs. W dig fo wi g cocio of cosic iy s s d cosquy dowd wi sx sxuiy big icu sig of ivig iy Sig o ci cuu v, i wod wod of u s w s wod of igs d oos d by is psd s dowd wi sx T xs wic foow v b xssy scd fo di cuu iiux so s o sow ow widspd d sis suc cocios T Ki dvidd os io d f fo, d d bck, foud o sufc sof d d, xcd fo isid i igig of wo sxs is idissb o fuifu fusio. Tis is of cous obcivy biy cssicio, fo i coou o dss of os wys cosods o i sxu quicio Bu i ws o uio of iy wic d, fo i jusid , y R Cp pn Te ssyan eal (ondon 934 pp XXXX C Ed Cntn otnc n c nd uletnul Soetati e Stiinte d Cluj, VI, 9 3 , pp. 1-3 7) pp. 23 45 . Cn inig and Mallugy ego a p 1
The od Saed
g f h s d hs s d ssib bh S ds fud c Ch Yu h G, s cud disigus f f s Ad f hs s h sw bw hs bs d h w csgc cs ang dn W sh u h subc f Chs ugc dis, f h ig f s s y c d which ws cud d bugh ccus h mseium on unions f chy A f s d s, ss d cus ss h kws b dwd wh sx Th Msis ddd h d f, ccdg h sh, cu d bc A Assyi x, sd by s, sks f h musa s, scu sh, d c s, fi sh. s dds h f h h scu ss hd d cu wh h f s w h . E dy ws dsgush h sx f dds ccdg h bic Wh h bggs f by u wgs w d h s ds f ss d s d hs hs b sd dic xs Th sxu cssci f s d ss ws d h chc wgs d ds f h Mdd Ags h aps udaicus f x, s f, c Th Jwsh ysc d xg, hy b Ash d 0) w N y g s d d f xs hy xs g gb scs, d kws g
cl Ga, Dane et Legende de a ne anenne (Pas, 196) p 496 2 G Boso s eaux e es ee dans les rns asyr-aylnennes (i 914), p 7J R Es, De ese Ternlge de aylne p 16 Ku Te ag fee and ars (Padpaodo, 9 p t88. T Sy cmi s spak o xamp o ma masm (d o ippm Entsteg und usretung der ee i, p J9J) xait o sos apdas uius usk Das Seu des rtteles (Hd 9) pp 18 65 Suty o mis i ids o css iqu oos Dnya ob Cassi by) , p St O t i so i ids o atiqui d Cistdom, c Pump Vium Sxum i apds, Tad , 1943 pp 4
The Foge and he Cuie s d w d u ds bw d f. T suy f s s kws d by Sb cuy) T Ab sc d ysc, Ib S 98), dcd c (a!ha) s cu u scs bu s gs y gb d , d s ss s cd w s dd bscu by s d ccu f . T f c d s gcy cs , dy sud by ds f suy d g. Ts kws dwd w s W s bs w cd Ib E y sb w sd w s cugdg d s bd f. T Abs c d (daka) d sf w (an) T ss f Tgyk k s kds f s k T wds bs f (nyina) s ug s t d f f sg yu w bg u dss sg sd , c T s s f) s y w c f bs bws ds aana ( cd). I Eu ugc gy w g ws sd (hmeon) ws dsgd by f bs (Mueho) T cs f u wk wc ws usd ugy, fgg ckg c) w gw f by sd , s sus Somo Gd tatat dat am Pat adaa p246 F W Schwo D Wa d at ra a Dh dagt!t
p 42 c E. o ippm Ethg d rtg d lchm p 3; Co ce exted wod i Chi ee Ge Da t Lgd p 496 Dum d be e ikewie exed; cf temk e Dompeu de ot (H Hue Bt d t dEtd Sogq d P I 1 948 pp 1- 1 3 p 3 . 41 eo Wee a d th dc ma (Phdeph 1922 o II, pp 2 R P Wcket Foeo pe et foeo chtie u Tk' (th 9 94 pp. 31-8 p 32 Te fuce o te ho d Alud re ecomophic'; c Clie t p 4
The od Seaed
9
bs E b f Muttekuhen uhen, g I w gis bkgd s is bifs w szd g fizg d gyg d ss A i bf dd bif i peta gent W s f f i k kw s si. As f Cs Ws bk f E I diid s w w f w f w A w fd b s sbzs f d w (The Zoha, fi 4b II I Vdi Idi s (ved w kd s f d i (a d i i bg f sig W i f sbs wi b dd sig f f. d ved w d (nah f E sb pa exeene f nah ws s bid s big wb f Gddss f. S I 1 . d f w kd s s g f s i ws b s s f df i d i f sik sig g d i i f wd f g f Rg Veda III 29 2 V I VI 48 T s s sbs f is fd i b f ii siis s s s sg i w ig bs I f 1 Cf R Er D cm Trmolo d Baylor p 115
bbpi ds Ed Trado d Rlo pp 8-1
C yci ss c G Bs mi Pii czii umassibbsi (R d Sd Or III 794o), pp 4-4 B uf Diamd (C 9 5) pp. q A B D Gcc dr Go (T, 94) ZJ A umb f h dum c h uzi f mar wd wi b fud i is vum. E
The Foge and he Cue cet f e d sts d sey tg ts de eey cstuc eey fbc us ete f sg cete Te tu duc f e epduces e b f e d c s y e ed f e ye es e exgused eecte f e Csc g d ekded Ne Yes y ts s ectet f e Csgy te ebt f e d s e des se ts bet ccte s ethe f de g dec f ccdg t ce e beefs s egedeed gcy te ge g f e sceess e s etu te subec s bece befe deg e es sscted t te s As s t be execed e st se sexu d gyecgc sybs s t be fud e ges cceed t e EMthe Ts s e ce t ec the yts d egeds cceg he bh f e e see Ede Tai dHisoe des Reigons p 6 sq. Sees te tgey s descbed es f ebygy d bstetcs Accdg e Zu ys f expe te uy s b s esu f e heee egy te deeest f e fu ct ce bs. Guded by yc s us cb f e f ese bs t te u tey ec e es sufce I ths kd f yt te ge f he e cesds excty t f te e d ts gey s eseted es f tgey Te ft f te eby d chdb ee e e fc f te b f uty ked up s eegece f e deees ch cex. I e f f eged suesti ee et s befs st sue ps f Eue Tee e egs ee s eey t d ge k f
1 Coi z my d r i . Ead Terre-Mee
ogm com p 6 sq
The od Seaied ck sg wc bg c (deunne de tehe Buenqueen c.. u w s scy bg f bfs v gycc b f s , c, cs f cvs s wb f EM T sc vs f Ms w sus v suc gv g f G Gss T suc f vs ws cs s vg f I by p sgs b sc f v' vg. T Su uu s b vgi v. T by nagu s', s bw neqea f' I bw w w s s us w g f w sus. I Egy w s uus and gy f I s w bg, , cvs cvs w c x f EM. T usc y by cvs s sc s, cu kws b s ysc u , wc wu s x suus cvs s w s s cs s s cs. Suc v us W v s sg de h uus b sv f s sc scuy f s W. . Jcks Kg s k Cumaean Gate 6 ss w Sybs w c ws Cu, Msss Es T Sybis w f cus y cc w cu f cs. T sybz b f Gss A gus sybs ws cc w g Puss II, 2 1 sks f c Ags c deta wc ws cs o b scuy f ck
/
F lb m Cc t d pi
S pp
The Forge and the Crucie d Es h id h g s g u, d hs s d f h s wd s s ss f ' suc I s kw h f h Gks deta ws syb f w Th Pyhgs gdd h g s h arch geneeoa bcus f s fc f d bcus sd h chy f us fy. A s sybs f h g s b fud Id. h us b h fwg f ss, gs f s, d cs cd h vagina f h EhMh, yhg h s h by f h h s , b h s f gs. I h wds, h s cd f h s s wy emro hy gw swy s hugh bdc s hyh h h h f gb d gss. Thy hss d gwhy gw h uc dkss Th c f h bws f h h s hus cud bf s du . If hy hd b d h d (. h geoogica rhthm of time) h s wud h bc s, hg chd s f fc. W sh shy b cg cc s f hs bygc cc f s. u w s c hs h ssby ssud by h s d ugss by h h bscu csss f gwh. Thy hd css usfy h , d d hs hy hd c h hy w, by h ugc cdus, susdg h wk f Nu. y ccg h css f h gwh f s, h ugs ws cg gwh ggc ws by h chgd g . Ths bd cc, whby dfd hs fu ssby v--v Nu, dy gs us gs f shg f h wk f h chs. 1 oe F
Ta a. Pa Gniix
FROM f c ygy, w kd bf cc u c y cceg b f d bf gdg g d g f d bw f . bf c uc f f d fy, d c u cu ju f b gdd by T tg f wc ccu g ub f y. T cu g cz f C Ac Ic My, d f c b f Su Ac g Gk, S, Cucu, d gy f A M g dw c uc w b f ' bd bck t u t wd T b' f t EtM w y d Ugund ducb y, wc w kd w g. T cy g g aoue eai, f d d by fc uu y cu y f gd b f pea geniix gu G Gdd, maix mund T d T d paeo emi d f b f f bu t kg C gu fk k u S o G
43
44
Th rg and h Cci
h age n a ore exated ay and aly t to the Savour Certan Ruanan Chrta carol eak f the Chrt ho born fro tone he econd grou of beef thoe reatng to the generaton of ore and tone n the bely of the earhdeerve artcuar ttenton Rock engender recou one he Sancr nae for Eerald amagahaa born fro rock, and he ndan neralogca reate decribe reence n the rock a beng n t atrx he author of the Jawah · namh (he Book of Precou Stone) dtnguhe daond fro crya by a dierence in age ereed n ebryologca er th daond pakka e. re he the cryta kaccha not re, green, nucently develoed A ar conceton a reerved n Euroe u to the eventeenth century. De Rone rote n the L Mrcu ndin (672 2): he ruby n artcuar, gradually take brth n the orebearng earth rt of a hte and graduay acqure t redne n he roce of renng hu t that there are oe hch are coetey hte other half hte half red Ju a the nfan fed on bood n the bely of t other o the ruby fore and fed Bernard Paly helf beieved n e aturaton of nera ke al fru of the earth he rote nera have a derent colour t aturty fro that a her begnnng De Rone coaron beeen the chld fed by blood nde t other bely and the ruby renng n the earth nd e Not G t s nncy for or prpo to r t b connct
wt tn ons nd t ng l r mnn s cr forc rlty fcndy on r nrnt vrytn rond mn wc ppr eal nd exiing. Invnbe nd rrdcbl t ston bcm t me nd ymbol o bin Grb Die indish ineralien (p 188 p 7 G F. un The agi f jwel and ha p 13 Qod by b!ot Le avaux puli le ine dan le adiin e le upein u le peupl (Pr, 89 p 39 Qotd by Gson clrd La Tee e veie de a vln rs 98 7
Ta a Pa Gniix
uxpecd ca ca haac blf ad ua h Chk haa f xapl p a cyal hch ak b fd c a ya h h bd f a aal f h lackg h cyal hugh h a ad aack hua bg f dkg bd h cyal fall a pacful lp lg h da ha al g h b f h had a pac h algca pcula f W Mac aal Cada a ua h ha ad hav h uk bach ad lav Wha a f a pa cvd h ah? Bac S f h ac p ha h ad f Cypu b fud a kd f hch havg b cu al pc ad bud h ad fuy ad vga h a ha h a pc bc uch gg hu ha h pv ccp f h gh f a vy g dyg u hy hd cu f chca xpc ad aa hugh ( ha y ca h agca da accpab k cc) Mgh h xplaa f h b ha adal ag uch a h h a ac b mo u ha h u f xac ad pc bva f h a kg d? o u bcau f h yhgy f S g hch ad h ad gav h gcac a a a alld af a pd f acv xpla h ax f h ah qud d ga h Py Na H XXXV ) ha h gala f Spa 1 C. J Mooey Myths ofh Cho qoted by Pe
Th Chln fth Sun
p 01 e e del hee with he coesce o seve belies. To the ide o spits uliy to the shm ws dded e otio o lvi oe d mic soe wh whch he shm body ws sed c. lde L Chamanm pp 1 . d pas Ls Ls Hom Caau, ts. 1 6 p 106 1 8 qted by G Bachelard , pp. 4S , '44·
Bco Sy sum p. oted y G Bched p ·
Th Fog and th Cubl ebon afe a cetan te Sa ndcaton ae to be found n Stabo Gogaph V 2) and Baba the eventeenthcentuy Sanh te ao efe to the a exhaued ne caabe of eceatng t deot f t utaby blocked u ad alloed to et fo fteen yea o add Baba thoe ho thnk that eta ee ceated a the begnnng of the old ae goly taken etal go n ne he ae noton a n a kehood haed by Afcan eta lugt and th oud account fo the bockngu of the ancet ne the anvaa Oe go and en th ctue of ubteanean fe oete decbed n te of lfe n the vegetabe old he chet aube goe o fa a to ay that f the etal eache t na efeton and not extacted fo te eath hch no onge ovdng t th nouhent t ay ell at th tage be coaed to a od and decet a Natue antan the ae hyth of bth and deah n eta a n vegeable and anal o a Benad Pay te Rpt vitabl pa laqull tou l homm d a Fa ouaimnt appnd multl t augmnt lu to* (a Rochele 1 5 6) od dd not ceate al thee thng n ode to leave the de he ta and the lanet ae not dle the ea n contant oto the eath lkee not de hat natualy conued th he he ene and efahon fothth f not n one ay then n anothe Eveyhng ncudng the exteo of the Eath exet tef to bng oethng foth lkee the nteo and atx tan telf n ode to eoduce Qt y P t Ls avauxpubl t ls m p 398.
C a M a Mtuy p
59 rn n r cp y wc mn Frn c r t cr n mpy r rr Q y G Bcer p Fm rprce A Dr nn mnr tq mnr M A jual s saas 1890 9 p 8
Te te Pet Gent
47
dd augy k agcuuhch a u h fcdy f h EahMhuay ga a a fg f cdc ad d Ma f hf a caa h k f Nau a a h c f gh akg ac h h f h ah jg ad acca h hyh f h cha aua a ay h d h k f h hch ak a ghhcuy dca Wha Nau dd h gg ca d quay y fg Nau c Wha ha Nau dg ad y h f cu h uaa ud ca ak h acch a g y hg h ad acg h cga ccuac A ak ad ak a Whu u h ha ud h d hu u h c ud u u h u ad y g ad akg u h ca h au a a a agcuua au ad au d u a Achy a ha ak ac h a ua cagy h ach ak u ad fc h k f Nau h a h a kg ak hf dd g f h y f augca ad achca ad a h c f h Mdd Ag O h uc a xcdgy cu dcu h Beghle, h a k uhd h c ad d Augug 505 h fac h e e etll 5 3 0 Agca au h Beghle Cu Fgu a dguhd dc non ol medih d Fug ag h h f ad acc h xud ad tuds lopu v L gao miu maus p 3&3 1 Ryd
IV
p
&7 quod by Dub
Th Fog and h Cul h lgh f alchy h lil bk xy ar ad arcuay rcd lr admodum onu ay Agca a alad by A Daub claba h a Cbl g g ad ublhd 89 Th Joul d Savan c f a dalgu b Dal a cal i ralgcal rad (d Brgvtandng ad a yug ig aric Knapp d Jung Dal exlai h h c f h bh f ad ak hi abu ih h chgy ad xa b d ha f h gh ga a a h u b a bg ad ubjc aal caab f cg h ga ac h auh call h bf dad h Mddl Ag ha ar gad by h ui f cl uhu ad cuy h a h h ag ha al a dd by cuy bcau a a fud ay g h h cuy h ac cuy hy u a hud cd ad ucu a hu uhu hch xcd f h ah a a ad by hch h h cula f uhu a a a ad b gdd d 87 Fuh h u f cuy ad uhu h h h uhu bha k h a d ad h cuy k h fa d h cc ad bih a chd d 88 h h bh h dad h qualy cua a aua ju a h ld a aua hch h ducd d 88 C ay aach a a qud by a f hich h a a ay ha acc h aual uch a aa ha d 88 h a ad ca h ld a ccd h h f h ca h Bhln ca h ad accd g hch h a c h fa f a 1 A Db o 87
T t. Pt Gntx
9
gw ud t u f t A t d gtfu g t t tut t t t ft d kd by t t f t . 2 f g gt b xt gw ud t u f t u Adg t t f Sg gd gdd f uu t t b d y d d ud t t by t t f t ky y f t u t t t fut uu w gt b dty but by y qud udy w gt b td by . . . Bghl kw x t b f by t u f t Vu tt f by u f M d tt f by u f Su txt tt. It b wt t w x f g td g t d f t t t f bygy d t t f by tg ut tt ubqut buy t t bf t gt f t t b f EM t t t tk u by t Bghl f t f f utg f t u bw uu d uy. I t Bghl f dt dw btw t tbut d by d u tdt fty f EMd by d tdt w td f by dtg d tg. f tw t ttt fy dy t d Wt y. I t wd t t t f t ty f y ut b ugt t D � achml n n nu f h s n n and h f ms in hn Rd Pd o Chemt Lndn 99) 96 and AMa Scmd Po scienque en Frac a V scle Pas 98)
T Fog uil eed dos deg fo Mesoo bu e y d deoogy Ts eebe ege udes, s we e oed, e e byoogc oo of e og of oes I s deed ebe dos, s ueous s ey e wdesed, soud be wess o s beef e y of ue If og edes e ocess of geso, oes w, e, bece god If ee wee o exeo obsces o e execuo ofe desgs woe Wese ces, Nue woud wys coee w se wsed o oduce T s wy we e o oo u e bs of efe es s we woud o boos d fes w coe bou oy beuse Nue s bee, s wee sdeed o becuse se s ecoueed soe feeg ess ce o ce obses wc ee e fo beg e ccusoed wy ece oug se wses o oduce oy oe e se ds esef cosed o cee see God d oy god s e cd of e deses God s e eg so becuse oy god s geue oduco of e eos eef e u eooss of es s of e ce og C d s so foud A Id d e Id cego Te ess of To e syg c boze s e oe of god God s egedeed uy by boze u s suo c eze oy f e boze s sucey og eod e boso of e e Tus e Aes e coced e god foud e es s foed sowy in iu oe e ceues d f oe d obed e e ogy oe woud e dscoeed boze e ces wee god s foud ody Te oo of cceeed B d Poos cim M J. M D N dtn Pas Prfac and tt qud Bacad La d a oo an Plu g t r agq (Bl E EOr J• ta st grw and dl n art s wd srad n n cf tn rdns nu dtrOrn, 7
Ta Mat Pa Gniix
taorhoss of tas s alrdy suortd by a Chns txt blongng to t y 22 c t Hua-nan tu lchy only acclratd t groth of tals k hs strn co agu th Cns alchst contrbuts to Naturs ork by ctatng th rhyt of Lft n thr subtrranan atrx al os oud bco gold but only aftr hundrds and thousands of cnturis Lk th taurgs ho transfors bryos ( ors) nto tals by acclratng th groth alrady bgun nsd th EarthMothr th alchst dras of rolongng ths accraton and cronng t by th nal transutaton of al bas tas nt th nob tal hich s gold I th Summa Ption a ork o achy of th fourtnth cntury rad that hat Natur cannot rfct n a vast sac of t can achv n a short sac of t by our art h sa da s cary xoundd by Bn Jonson n his ay Th Alhmit (Ac II c 2) On of th charactrs urly hstats to shar h achstc onon hch coars th groth of tals to th rocsss of ana byology hrby k th chckn hatchng out fro th gg any ta oud ultatly bco god as a rsut of th slo aturaton hch gos on n th bos of th arth or says ury h ggs ordand by Natur to that nd and s a chckn n otnta And ubt rs h sa say of ad and othr tas hc oud b gold f thy had t Anothr charactr Maon adds nd that our art doth furthr h nobty of god s thus th frut at ts ost atur th othr tas ar coon bcaus thy ar crud not r I othr ords Naturs na goal s th colton of fagmt atd H Dub Th Bs of hmy 7-
tx ccal ga fm c f f t fm Ma f (ct f Mcu fu c f. ub 74· e bk a f lg atbutd b but Rka a d t tad t t autc Cf Rd Prl o Chmtry p. 48
Th Fog th Cul th a kgdo, ts utat atuato Th atu tasutato of tas to god s scbd th dst Th tdc of Natu s to fcto But sc god s th ba of a hgh stua sbos (God s otat, sa th da txts td), t s obous t a da s cog to bg th da of th t ssud b th achst as th both saou of Natu asssts Natu to fu h goa, to atta h da hch s th fcto of t ogb t a, a o huato ts su g, hch s absout otat ad bt (god bg th sbo of sogt ad autoo) Th achcosotoogc scuaos hch ad th a fo th abo das, aboud th chsc tatu of th Wst J ug fo x, has agct dosttd th otac ad agtud o ou t, f to has th xt tqut of th ss of ths achc sotoog Th g of th EthMoth gat th kd of bo, cdd th ag of Ntu as th ag of th EthMoth had cdd that of th o t s, thfo, otat to tu o to ths xcdg act sbos hch th ath s coad to th b of th oth, th s to h ax ad th os to bos A ho ss of a ad taugca ts ds fo t
1 Maant I na t
: : aaa Bana I 8 aaB
5 Ri and yi zn augy o an untapped ven s not easy dscoveed t s fo the gods and dvne ceatues to evea hee they e and MINE
to teach huan bengs ho to expot the contents hese beefs ee hed n Euopean countes unt qute ecenty he eek tavee Nucus Ncande ho had vsted ge n the sxteenth centuy bngs back the egend of the ds cve of te coa nes of nohen ance and Begu An ange had appeaed n the guse of a veneabe od an and had shon the outh of a gaey to a sth ho had un then fed hs fuace th ood n nste a fay gok beeved to have dscoed to an the exstence o svebeang ead And t as Pan th patron sant of nes ho as the t to devse the anne of setng tas sha not de upon the ythoogca substata hch n the saced tngs concenng St Pean ae gven a ne sgncance n othe tadtons t s aso a degod o a cvng heo a dvne essenge ho s the ognato of nng and etaugy hs coes ut vey vvdy n the Chnese egends of Yu the eat, pece of ountans Yu as a happy ne ho gave heath to the eath nstead of dsease e kne the tes of the tade. No sha e on the ch nng fooe st ave n uope on ysteous bengs such as Pu bo Ls taau pu t s mns ans taton t s supsttons tous s pas 4 40 r Ge Dans t Lns a Chn annn 49 0 .
Th Fog an th Cuibl
Maste Hoeelng knon aso as the Monk of the ountan o he Whte Lady hos appeaance as food by landslps o the nnueabe genes phantos and subteanea spts t s sucent to ecal that the snkng of a ne o the constucton of a fuace ae tual opeatons often of an astonsng tvs Mnng tes pessted n Euope up to the end of the Mdde Ages: evey snkng of a ne ne as accopaned by elgous ceeones (Sblot op t p But ust ook elsehee n ode to esate the antquty and coplexty of these tadtons the expesson of these tes he pupose the undelyng deoogy vay at deent cultual leves. n the st nstance one notes the dese to appease the spts guadng o nhabtng the ne he Malayan ne tes A Hale has pecula deas about tn and ts popetes. Above a he beeves that tn s unde the odes and potecton of cetan spts hch he nds t necessay to appease. Lkese he beleves that tn s alve and possesses any of the popetes of vng atte t can by tself ove o one spot to anothe; t can epoduce tself and t has specal sypathes pehaps antes fo cetan people and thngs and vcevesa And so t s uged that the oe of tn be teted th a cetan espect that note be taken of ts specal qualtes and hat s pehaps stll oe cuous that the expotaton of the ne be dected n such a ay that te tn oe ay be extacted thout ts knoledge. Let us note n pasn the ana behavou of the oe: t s ave t oves at ll hds shos sypathy o antpathy to hun bengsa cnduct not dssla fo that shon b gae toads ts hunte. Although Mohedans s bo o . pp 793 m. O y myology n
mgy of m s C. B L ee e l ee de olon, pp 1 s. m qot by W W Mly M o 19) pp 9
Rs and srs n allur
trogy ereched Maaya t ae reigio ha roed oere t eort to ecure the ucce of g oera to For t the acet dete of the o hch kee atch oer the ie ad hae cotro of the ore. t thu aboutey eceary to hae recoure to a ret of the od rego the oe hch ha bee outed by a Aea are addreed to a Maaya pawang oete ee to a Saa haa (e oe beogg to the ot acet reMaaya ouato) to coduct e g cereoie Becaue they are the reotore of the ot rte regou traditio thee pawang are abe to aeae the guarda god of the ore ad to treat crcuecty the rt hautg the e. her he eecay dee te atter o godberg or (hch ke thoe of t cottute the a era eath of Maaya) Mohaeda orke ut be ery carefu ot to ao ther reigo to be recogied by outard g or rayer. od codered to be uder the ur dicto ad the oeo of a dwa or god to go earch of t coequety a act of ety for the er ut oer the dwa by raye ad oerg takg reat care ot to utter the ae of od (Aa) or to racte rte of the ac cut. Ay rocaato of the oeregty of Aah oed agat the dwa ho forthth cocea the god or reder t iiibe h teo betee a orted creed ad the oa rego a eko heoeo the htory of reigo A eeryhere ee the ord the ater o the ace Maaya ake theee fet the cut coected th the earth he treaure of the earth t ork it chdre beog to the aborgia ad their rego aoe authorie acce to the Afrc aog he Bayeka he a e gaery o a d., p 2
Mala Ma pp
271
Th Fog nd th l e opeed he ce uouded b pe d oke ece e o ce coppep ho ue oe he e he che o h o decde hee o beg o d o o o dub o e he p o he ou S he k e he o ppee e e p o e ce d dug he bou he e equed o obee ueou boo epec exu oe Ru pu p codebe p The bge o od ode o d god oe u be che d he do o beg he ech o he oe u he he udegoe pooged g d ee d o exu bece e e coced h he eche e ue ee due o he ucee e poce o exu boo obeed dug eg opeo be dcued e chpe h bee ebhed h og e e cg o e o cee, g edo, pe d c o op ee c obeed A hee hg ee oded b e e ue o he opeo o be coduced ecue e e o be eeed ced d obe ubee e d he p egg hee e bou o be dubed coc o be de h oehg ced c o p he uu egou phe cede oe pooud d oe dgeou hee he eeg o eug o do hch b gh doe o beog o he ee od h ee o e geo hch h bee o kg coue he boe o he Eh Moh Thee boe he eeg h oe eddg he u ode o hg d b oe hghe d eeg ece d ced poce Coeque ee ecuo ke h codeed dpebe o he t d pg hee e obcue eeg h oe e Cle Mg eg Neg A 11 117 P Sll p. . 1
Rie nd eie in eu k olg hu xc for h dcor of l dd f rk o Mg d lurg h d h r od of xc A h urroudg d ou ho urb fr l g pho d pr r h ulpl fo of h ed peene ch rod b ho ho pr o gologcl r of f Sl chrgd h h drd hol h or r co d o h furc h h h o dcul d hrdou opro bg h r k plc of h ErhMohr d h k o ccr d prfc h groh of or h furc r r rx rc uru hr h or copl go. c h ubr of prcuo boo d ru c hch ccop h lg Cp or cpggroud r up h c of h d hr h orkr l o l d purpo of pur hoghou h o Afrc for oh b M ob. h hew lr obr h o rgorou coc hroughou h prod Cl op i., p 1 19 h k do o lo o h c of h furc id p 1 0 h l ho of olo hroughou h lurgc o r or rgorou ork ho h hd dr u b cld ibid p 1 1 h xul boo x og h kr f h blokr h hd xul o durg h cour of h ork h bllo ll b co lg up h r d rfu o fuco h Pg b fro xu Cle p .
Amog the ak howeve te smh who mak h own low m ohat h wfe as o as he has ompete tem n oe o make hem ol a to e the oet tong' Clne o . p 7. Among te Pa Nya kole he smh oha wth hs we soon as a new hamme ha n ogh to h shop ( p 8. We a hee ealg wh aoe kn o ymolm: e tool s eee vng y t ulo an y makng ts nton pale w the h geneve at
PHILOSRVM C O N E P I S E R fBi
g �5g �b fotl e (ey . ARTO T L RX
:hophu.
Vquam vd aJu m m c N au r r p' i inn erit Rosarium phlosophorum (Frankfurt, I 550)
'Hee lie he Kig ad Qeen
Thr ol have lef the l'i 1;ret rrw'
ROSV AN I M £ E X T C L imprgat
�t ln e bit tr!tHtn/ 2us tm cJ fdC bc�t. Rosarium philosophorum 'Here s the separaton of he u elemens When he soul separaes gen om the ody
o
Th Fog and th Cuibl
ratos for to oths pror to th stg opratos ad throughout thr tr durato (C p 25 h bf that th sxua ac ca so ay copros th succss of th ork s gra throughout back Afrca. h prohbto agast such ratoshps v faturs t rtua sogs sug durig th ork h Baas sog gos Kog ctors] ad Maaba th Back [aba fa th horror! foud Kog as fad th as of th r. Kog s th horror Pass far fr pass far thou th ho hav rpatd ratos pass fro ! (C p 2. hs sogs st rta prhaps th obscur tracs of th coparso of th r ad fuso th th sx act ths cas crta taurgca taboos ratg to sx ay b xpad by th fact that stg rprsts a sacrd sxua uo a sacrd arrag ( cf. th xtur of a ad fa ors, ad cosquty a th sxua rgs of th orka ust b kpt rsrv to sur th agca succss of th uo hch s procdg th furacs or a ths tradtos ar xtry copx ad at th cou of drt syboss o th da of bryo ors coptg thr gstato th furacs as addd th da that stg bg a for of crato cssary ps th pror uo of a ad fa ts A sar sybos foud Cha b dscussd a atr chaptr. o th sa ordr of das bog crta ts of upta sybos prst th taurgca cros of th Afrcas. h Bakara sth trats th av k a brd Wh brg t to th hous thy sg as hough for a upta procsso accpg t th sth sprks t t atr ordr that t ay bgt ay chdr ad s hs f tht h has brought a scod f to th hous (C p. 8. Aog th Baa h th furac s bg co structd a youth ad gr go sd ad crush bas th
Rit nd ti in tllug
cackng noe h odced yboe he noe of he e he yong eoe ho hae ayed h oan ole lae ay one nohe iid 0 . Wh he aaably of oe ece and eaboae n foaon a ceare ce obaned of he tal chaace of ealgy n Afca R P Wyckae ho ha ade a coe dy of he h of anganyka ha oe gncan dea Befoe eang o e canggond he ae h noke he oecon of he dne Yo gandaen ho hae agh hee ok ecede eanng Be n fon of o ha yo ay nc ho o oceed ho Mecf One hoe habaon nknon o foge ho 0 Sn y gh kee ach oe e oe hank o yo a On he ee of he deae fo he bafnace eeyone ace connence n he onng he aeh ake o h box of eede oh befoe and hen all e n fon of kneel don and ecee on he foehead a lgh aye of he ah When he oceon achng oad he nace one chd bea he eedybox anohe a cole of chcken A he ca he o oan oeon he nodcon of he ede no he fnace and he acco anyng acce e chden bng he chcken aghe he n ont of he aeh and nke h bood he e he oe and he coa hen ne of he eneae no he neo of he oen hle he ohe ean ode hey conne o nke he eeang eea e he folong od addeed no dob o he dny Do ho kndle he re o ha ay bn ell ! it . On he non of he chef he chd ho nde lace he eede n e ban holoed no he bae of he fnace deo he head of he o hen and coe he R P. ckrt Forgron pan t forgron rt u Tangany
Th Fog and th Cul he h earh he hy kee aced by he acrce f a cck he h eerae he err ae he c ad caer bd er he e a ayg May h frge beh y r! May brg e eah ad frue ! ibid 3 7) he rua re f he chdre ad he acrce ered u he furace hud be ed he head f he he bured uder he bae f he furace ay reree a ub acrce Chee rad are uag h We ay reca ha Yu he rea he hay er reued hae acheed he cag f he ne caudr f he H hch eured he u f he gh ad he L he caudr r ber erfred race hey ed f heee cud bi hu beg heaed ad cud recg e Vrue (e f he grea rure ced bg he guy er; rae 9 2 e f Yu caudr ere crredece h ang fur h n ibid, 96 hey erefre cued a ar a u f e (HeaeEarh Maeeae etc) ad a he ae e hey rereeed he age f cc ay A e hae ee re ad ea ere a caed ae ad feae A he e f eg yuh ad rg ayed a ar hey a h rked he aer er red ea ibid 9 N f he eerg f a rd a ked u a a u f re ad aer f he ac f ayg a arragere he ae yb a eceary c he eg f he ea Drecy reaed h exu ad ara yb he bd acrce Mye ad Kaag ae ad feae are a ar f rd hey are a hubad ad fe a age f h Kaag he hubad havg receed he rder frge two rd e rk ad a uabe 1 c a Da s a
C a, 48
Rits and stis n taug afr hr onhs of rion o g h a o fus o hi if Mo ho dandd o kno h rason for his falur h a rs gav an vasv rpl h nssd rindng hi ha h ransforon of hol ar (hich is ha al is) dands for is accoplishn h sacrc of a hun bng Kansiang hn od hr ha his asr hd succdd in bringing abou his fusion onl b hroing thmslvs hm and hs no h r furnac. Mo dclard hrslf prpard o giv hr bod if hr husband ould allo his on o b ld don (ran p. ) h cu hir hair and clippd hr nails. oghr h cas ino h furnac hair and nailparings. h gav h par n ordr o g all (d, p. 0) According o anohr vrsion Mo having askd hr husand h h al did no fus succssfull rcivd h rpl: Ngou h slr dcasd sr (or Ancin Masr) dsiring o cas a sord and no succding ook a girl n ordr o arr hr o h prsidng spir of h urnac Mo a hs ords hr hrslf ino h furnac and h casing hn ook plac (d, p. 01 n. 3) h Wou Yu thoun tsou (Chap 4) dscribing h akng of o hooks or sicklshapd cu lasss pons ou ha h arisan conscrad h h h blood of hs o sons (d, p 02 n 2) Whn Kousin Kng of Yu causd igh ondrous sords o cas for colng h a h sacrcd on and h horss o h gnius of Kounou Kounou s h na of a sord (d p 4 3) h h of sacc (or of prsonal sacrc) a h of slng hich is a hcorual of or or lss rlad o h ida of sic unon n a huan ld M d Kg Lll Lac
wrd g d d lgd C Est Ws 4 cal g 0 q d f C P Lgd b O C aurgc ad ru Ma Ka L s thoua 4 q 7 q
Th Fog and th Cui beng (o a couple) and etals s especally potant Mophoogcally hs hee shoud belng th he geat cass of sacces of ceaon hose pal odel n he coso gc yh I have aeady descbed o ensue he aage of eals n the setng pocess a lvg beng us anate the opeaon and he best eans of achevng hs s by he sacce the tansfe of a lfe he soul of the vc changes s eshly envelope: changes ts huan body fo a ne bodya budng an obect even an opeatonhch akes alive o anaes he Chnese evdence hch e have us ced sees o suggest ha a huan sacce as necessay fo the success of the eaugca pocess e us cay hs enquy nto ohe cutua aeas We shall see to hat extent the sacce oeed up to he funaces consttues an applcaton of he cosogonc yh nd the ne vaues hch deveop fo
Human Sacc o h Funac
A of h oed h er borgl rbe of erl d ll u he or of he Aur h GOU
Aordg o he Brhor he Aur ere he r eoe o erh er h o el ro r o Bu Bu he oke og o g fro fro her her fure fure ooded he Suree Beg Sgog ho d hed hed eegerbrd eegerbrd o eo eo he o ee e e her he r bour. bour. he Aur repled h h eurg her h er foure foure ouo o uo d ule he eeger Sgbog helf he e do o erh e prohed he Aur hou beg reoged d hg peruded he he o eer he fure ure bured he A equel her do beoe pr of Nure h h foud ore olee for og he Mud he begg he e orked for Sgog he hee Bu he reeo of her fe he er reeled h he ere lr d herefore equl o od d he refued o ere h Sgbog he hurled he do o eh he e do upo po og deo of roore d he e proeeded o buld ee fure he oke dleed Sgbog d fer l pledg h he hrough h eeger he rd he hef deeded o erh dgued k old o o log bef befor oree he fure ure degr d egre edd d he h h o hg reoged Sgbog ked h de. rep Yu Yu he bu o oer u hu re. Ad Sat Cad Roy (Ra pp
6
66
and h cib
a no voluntary vti a orthoing Singbonga oered hiel e enetrated to the nteror o he urnae hih a at hite heat and three day later eerged th gold lver and reou tone. At the ntgaton o the god the ith did keie heir ive ive oerated oerated the belo belo and the h h burnng burn ng aive holed nde n de the unae unae Sin Si ngbonga gbonga raured the ve; ther huband rie he aid ere due t the at at that they ere ere divi di vidi ding ng out the treaure trea ure he ive on tnued thr tak unti unti the ith it h had been oetey redued redued to ahe And a they then aked hat a to beoe o the the Singbonga Singbonga hange hangedd the nto rt othe o the hil and rok Fnaly a ilar yth ound aong the Oaon The telve Aur brother and the three Lodha brother al aou ith rriate Bhaga (e od) th the oke o he h err urnae urnae Di D i guied a a ik od an Bhaga Bhagan oe don given given helter by a do and the th th t o earth here he hving hvi ng onuled onuled hi h i for adve adv e re regardng the reair re air o heir u rna rna end u a in he Munda yth by being being burnt alive he Aur are a trbe o ith ho robably ived n the northern Punab ro hh they ere eelled by Ayan invader to their reent hoe in the ountan o Choa Nagur Nagur Walter Ruben ha hon ho n the robable link beteen beteen the Aur and he Aura o he Ved hyn thoe eneie o the god (da ith ho they engaged in nnuerable obat obat he he nteret attahng to the ythooga ytho ogall rad radti tion on onernng the Aur th ll be readily areiated thee tradtion trad tion have been ree reerved rved by the neghbouring Munda M unda and Dravdan (Oraon) eole In thi atter e have to to ehaie 1 E T an Dspt Ethl f Bal (Caua 87 86 sq R n Rgn and Cusms f Uns Mm f th at St fal Calua 196 81 8 C as R Rmann dr rmmm m Ndsn dndn thrps 96 796) s On l su and rn da s a Rubn scmd und mnn n d Ldn 99 sq. shm shm nd mnn d
Han an a acs h Fac aov aov a e oifof oif of huan acrice aociad i eaury a of o f arey coceaed n he yh e have een xaii xaiin n I her reen for hee yh are ehaic ir ha aed ofon on ad eaurgy eaurgy In he eye of he eghouring eghouring ouaio he Aur h foud i he urnng coa of heir furnace a deah e eried ecaue hey had aroed and irriaed he uree od I hi hared of he ork of he ih ca e read he ae negaive and eiiic aiude ich i ree for exae in he heory concern g he age of he ord here he Iron Age regarded a a once he o ragic and o deaed We are o re cuded fro uoing ha h aiude ha a hioca oudaio he r Age a characeried y an uniner rued ucceio of ar and aacre y a avery ad y ao univera ioverihe In India, a eehere hoe yhoogy cae iroorker aog varou caegorie of gia ad deo. A are eneie of he god ho reree oher age ad oher radiio. Bu in addiion o hi ared of iro he yhoogy of he Aur ay do he eceiy for oerig u acrice o he furace, for i ay e ha n he yh e have cied huan acrice acrice underi unde riee he deoiac characer of eaur gica ork. he eing of ea i regarded a a ier oeraio requiring e acricing of huan ife Evidence ha huan acrice ere ade for ea urgica uro u roe e i o e fou foudd i i Africa. Africa. Aong Aon g he Ache Acheaa of Nyaaad h a ho ihe o conruc a furac aie o a agician (snganga) he aer reare edi cine ace ace he he i a ried aize aize co and inruc inruc a a oy ho o hro i regan a o cauing her o
1 \a Rub o p sq m ph ph o l o o t d by n n uma bin w o th m mt m m on om m of ons sou o aurs ot o sou sou 'sprtu ot; h xamp o Bta sors ld L Caane p.
68
The Forge and he rcile
ca cay y.. he agca the ook fo the th e foetu foetu ad u u t, t, th othe edce, a hoe the goud he fuace the ut ove the hoe he Atoga hae a cuto of thog thog to to th t h e fua fuace ce a oto oto of o f the th e aceta aceta to eue the ucce of the eltg Leag ade fo the oet the yo of aoto, thee to Afca exale eeet a teeday te eday fo fo etee the actual o yolc yo lc hua acce (a th a ad ha, fo exae) ad the uttuto acce (fo exae, the acce of he aog aog te th th of o f a ag ga ay yka ka,, ee ee aove, 6 ) he dea of ytc yt c k ete etee e the hua ody ad eta eta oe co cuto hu, afte afte a accdet, the Madgo cde othe cuto of eegaa aado the gode fo eeal yea they code that the ody he dcoog, l detee dete e the oto of a ch goldeag deot (le, op ci, hee yth, te ad cuto euoe a ody of te yth hch ecede ad ute the eta dee o the ody of a god o fo a oated ue atua eg Ad thee te ae ut the oe o e y oc eteato of the evet hch, in io empore auguated a ode of coduct o eveaed hae of okthe ok of etalugy dead the tato of the odal ac ce log a e have ad aout the coogoc yth the od, a o lat, hch take the th fo the ody of a odal gat), the thee of etal o fo te of a dve eg aea a a aat of the ae 1 A G 0 Hogson Notes on the Ahw n Angon o the Dow Dstrt JJ,, 6 6 6J o he Nysn Protetoe }ou Ro ntr ns 6J, JJ Ce op. t t s ot lwys mer o hrooogl nteeee bt the o n el oe ml n eh vrt' o e enr myhl theme s ossbe ht gven on my never hve h he ososess o he myh totty om whh t evs ll he more so bese eologes move thogh n re nsmtte by hstory sly eoe reeves or resees oly gments o system Whh s wy the menng o symbol oly emeges lerly ter ge nmber o vrs hve been eme he moreov e oe evo o hstorl e d hs re emely lt to nerret
uman Sarces to the uae ceta otf Jut a acce to oote havet eteate ybocay the eacce o the uee beg ho a orne had edeed obe te aeaace of ga o the acce (actua o yoc) of a hua beg dug etaugca oeato teded to tate a ythca ode hee ae deed evea ythca tadto coceg the og of eta accodg o hch the eta go o the body of a god o edve beg the yth of the debeet of da e ae tod that toxcated y a exce of soma the body of the god bega to o out gvg bth to evey kd f ceatue at ad eta o h ave h febeath oed out ad becae ead ot o ot ve; fo h eed h fo oed out ad becae god (Shatapatha Brahmana, x 7 1 7) A a yth foud aog the aa Whe ayoat the Poda Ma a aaated by the couto he aoed h eed to o o eath A the body of ayoat a ade of eta the eve kd of eta aeaed fo h body Accodg o the Zathsparam 2 he he ded the eght kd of ea of etac atue cae oth fo h deet ebe aey god ve o ba t ead quckve d daod ad god vtue of t efecto ued fo actua fe ad fo the eed. We ay ot For or prpo act ta myt o ri mal ar ad i
clrl ar otr ta o r ma cc or ml prp ar to d do o ct ay pcil dcly At a of t iy ar mly ccd t r o cr f pral vr ic lly l mrd r dpd d t itd to rcoc ay paclar myticoal patr i ay ca coud ot dra i pac f a pa or o a ccal rdti c av aio o avod t prt y at Buai ra . Cr pm omm l pm o lto la s (Uppala 98) I, p. Cf alo H H adr R. Rt ad H H cadr Stu m tn Sytsmus us Ia u la pBr 9 pp 5 ad pcaly t pa 89 r t atr di t omatmallc palll aa dito Cr i p. 5 Diamd o a mal d ot lo o ril of t v ml c dt rpr a Bayla c Cf C p )
T Fog d cb hee that it fom the eed of aomat, eviou ued b the otaton of the heaven, that i ate be bon the t human oue in the fom of a v ant, a theme hih et thi anian tadion n a omex of mth hih i teme ideead and of geat antiquit imia mth a obab had b the ee P Roue had aead an attention to a eek oveb, handed don b Zenobiu, hih oud oint to the exitene of a egend oening the oigin of ion T bothe ut thei thid bothe to death; the bu him beneath a mountain; bod hange to ion Mooogia, a thee tadition ae bnhe of the omogoni mh hih thei oigina mode But e mut nt foge tat at etain eigiou eve ti omogon eem to be identiabe ith an emboogia mboim The eation of the od fom the bod of imodia being i ometime oneived and deibed in tem of the hang of a foetu The omo take hae fom a ima matte, embon (beaue fome), and haoti We ave theefoe at a eie of equivaent o omementa imge in hih the aied bod i omaed to ma matte and hene to the gemina ma and the foetu ike tate of aai em to be e atteted n etain Meootamian tadtion he fat e ae no about to examine e o u to ga te eationhi beteen the oe egaded a embo and the aie oeed u to the nae 1 P. Rssel £ Ree de ooge 05 p Concernng an sacrces necessay t metalgy cf rc Pal 5 J sq Te connection been mes and the bd of Gd my lkewise e deted n Egyptan tdons Plah and Dids te s at te gptians hae rn wc they cl e bones f Seh n e !de ch ar speaks f rn wc as cme ot of eh Heaie s te bnes of Hs; c Fobes, Melurg n Aqui p. 2 e Egptians n the er ad, considered e es he gods as being of gold. B is s anoe st of smbsm, e ymboism of mmoaly God is e perfet meal the evalent f Immoraiy. at s wy, fer e model of e Gods, Po s also ssned es of od.
Baylonian Symbolim and allurgical Riual
I 9 afte the ubcato by R Cabe hoo of Aya checa text, R Ee oduced h hyothe coceg the extece of a Babyoa achey e baed o the te ku-u (ebyo, foetu), hch he udetood to efe to the oe aaged he fuace, ybocay coaed to the atx A e have ee, h coceto d uot a ube o tadto But Ee ve oethg oe a voved th Babyoa beef Ee thought he had ut h ge o he t htoca docuet coceg the dea of the atuato ad efectg of ea, ad coequety he thought hef a oto o etabh the Meootaa• og of achey h hyothe ee to have bee acceted by Abe Rey but a ejected by the ayoogt Ze ad the htoa of chety E Dataedte ad Juu Ruka. he doye of the htoa of achey, E vo La, took u a euta oto gve o the a text (fo the bay of Aubaa) hch foo the Egh aato ade by R Cabe hoo, ad afte coao th the ea of Z e ad the ech of Ee 1 See the bliogpy of e conrovesy n No I I.
71
Th For ad h c When hou ee ou he [ground] lan of a furnace for "ineral [kubu] hou hal ek ou a favourable day in a forunae onh and hou hal e ou he [ground] lan of he furnace. While hey are aking he frnace hou hal ach [he] and hou hal ork hyelf [?] [in he houe of he furnace] hou hal bring in ebryo [born before ie . . anohe [] a ranger hall no ener nor hall one ha i unclean read before he; hou hal oer he due libaion before he he day hen hou ue he ineral ino he furnace hou hal ake a acrice before he ebryo hou hal e a cener ih incene of ine hou hal our beer before he hou hal kndle a re underneah he furnace and hou hal u e ineral ino h furnace he en ho hou hal bring o be over he furnace hall cleane heelve and [hen] hou hal e he o be over he furnace he ood hch hou hal burn underneah he furnace hall be of yrax saba, hick decoricaed bille hch have no lain [exoed] in bundle [bu] have been ke in leaher covering cu in he onh of Ab. hi ood hall g under neah hy furnace Deie any ubequen varian and eendaion he riual naure of he ex ee o be beyond doub. A a o be execed n Meooaia oo eallurgical oeraon conied of a erie of liurgical ac. A roiou onh and day ere eleced he furnace area a conecraed he uniniiaed ere barred fro enering he orken ere 1 Th ex i ocure. hv foowd Thomo tlio ei r
the g wh ueo mk: 'il o look (? th fc d whle o mke i ou mu ou ) he divie) mo hi Fch vio iler m to hv voided e cui 'A oo oe h cd he ov or dircio ou hv commeced h wok lc h dvi "emo i h vut o he ove A ordi cc ilr) 'crice Meir
aloian mbolm and Metagial Rital
3
ceaned baon ee oeed u o he oe and hee ee fooed by acce A eca ood a found fo he e (ood ed of bak and ke n an enveoe of kn hch gh e beay a agc yahy h he ebyo One ha ony o hnk of he Acan h (ee 6 q o aecae o ha exen eaugca oeaon ae eeed n an aohee of ancy hee ae even Afcan aae h he Meooaan ex hch e have ju quoed he h h acce hen o he funace he Bakaa oae a hee and a hen on he anv (Cne op it 8) he cuo of acng edcne n he funace deead Lbaon of bee ae kee coon aong he Baa he ua efoed n he eng oce con of oung bee xed th eede n he fou hoe ade unde he funace hee h been oe conovey ove he eanng of he e k- ebo Anohe ex ubhed an anaed by Cabe hoon ecbe he foong ece ake ou he ebyo oe u a acce ake acce fo e dead] fo he oken gahe u he e ?] n a oud ace ] n a fuace Robe Ee anae k- a dvne ebyo hueauangn a a o of deon Zen a aboon Juu Ruka hk ha he e ha o do no h ebyo bu h fehe o oecor of he ok of eng he obe heefoe one of knong hehe k efe o he oe aced n he funace o hehe degnae cean o even aboon hch by vue of he agca quae ae ndenabe o he eaok We do no have o ake de n h conovey on Meooaan hoogy We hnk Cn
o c
uuDgn Nts sslgus XXX Ru g p 81. H s cscns R, 18o urt
Murt.
4
The Fog and he be
hoeer that hateer the rederg uggeed for kb t ll aay hae a pled eryologca gcace hureauDag recall that the accout of he creao (Enuma elh, V, 6 le k-b degate the o trou ody of aat lkeed to a foetu, hoe deurge preparg to hape the orld (op t p 8 ext deag th etallurgy k-b ay therefor ea ore the pra eryoc aera hch ll take hape the furace he palaeooreta parallel, etoed aoe etee the e ad the uteru, oud cor th trpretato f Eler correct tralatg k-b a ore the ee of eryo the furace a felt o e a atrx a utue for the EarthMoher here the ore copeted her proce of aturato he acrce perfored o thee occao ould the e coparale to otetrc acrce he other terpretao (-b referrg to hua eryo) alo d a couterpart etallurgcal rtual. We hae ee that lac frca of oday he orcerer rg o a aorto order to ake ue of the foetu for the ucce of fuo h ehaour alo ugget the, a t ere agcal coparo of ore th eryo For th aage rte could hae oly o teoretcal utcao I) ether the foetu trafer t ere reere of lfe to the etallurgca operato order therey to eure ucceful oucoe or t precptae the rth of he etal the furace rgg t to rth efore t due te ad o age the rt cae, the choce of a ebryo rather tha a adult (or place, a aal ct) ugget hat the chea th fel ocurey that there a a parallel etee th cde ore ad the foetu the ecod cae, the otetrc fucto of etaurgy oou: the fuo (eltg) 1 J Ruska 'Kich R Eilr mi-gcc Mod
h o ho J cl
Bahylonian Symbisms ad Metaurgic Riuas
n the aturton of te etas a birth befoe its tie, and hence te agia roe of the ebryos In both hyotheses, it is cear that the etaurgists ere ore or ess aare tht their rt eedited the groth of etas This idea, s e have seen s idesread Metas gro in the bey of the earth And as the easants of Tonkin sti hod today, if brone ere to rean buried for the required tie, it oud becoe god To su u in the sybos and rites coanying etaurga oerations there coes into being the idea of an ative oaboration of an and nature erhas even the beief that an, by his on ork, is caabe of suerseding the roesses of nature The ct, par xcn, of the cosogony, starting fro a iving ria ateria, as soeties thought of as a cos ebryoogy the body of Tiaat as, in the hands of Marduk, foetus And s creation and a onsruction reroduced the cosogonic ode, an in onstructing or reating, iitated the ork of the deiurge. But here osognic sybos ere resented in an ebryoogia ontet the creation of obects as equivaent to chidbirth A reation starting fro hthonian iving atter (in our eamores) acquired n obstetric sig niane It s n interventon in the rocess of groth n attet o eedite aturation or to inde the eusion of the ebryo. That is hy the ork of the etaurgst oud be ooked uon s an obstetri oeration, erfored before its due tie, an abortion, in fact It as fro suh ritu eerienes, taken in onuntion ith etaurgia and agricutura tehniques, tht graduay there cary eerged the idea that an can intervene in the cosic rhyth, that he an antiate a natura outcoe, reciitate a birth Tese ides ere not, of cous, eary foruated, but
A v & g
E P I G R A M V I . St ml {Mm bJ , Om
Cujz t qr� crt a ti6. '! lteum mdat m e, g (u s) a id ef eM cno r aa o : pU1er ide £xort , r -Co nu e
cha ar, Suinium lzymium (Frankfur The Philosophr' Egg undr th ts r
r
867)
Hie e Dro fua1n vs.
E P G R M A
X I V.
fames Pyp doct o cd, naq homi { nut ap. )t Dra£o aa ot nit l- :gn t ift c� pf�. 'e oman1 rtr,m, car, don Se r -oma ece Q p:t. Michael Mar, Scrutnum chycu
The Dragon devung hs tail'
:
h Fg and h o n nau of nn dvnaon Nv hl a h on of dau fo h ga dcovy ha an can ak uon hlf h ok of T an da whch hav n clay x n la Wn x ( 47 ) H oo f ay a oulv l h ba and ucaon of h alchcal oaon h op ahmim hch haund h hloohc agnaon fo o han o houand ya h da of h anuaon of an and h Coo by an of h Phlooh Son On h na lvl of xnc h Son a alng h acl: lnad h nval of hch arad h n condon of an fc (cud) al fo nal condon (hn oud bco old) Th Sn achvd anuaon alo nananouly: udd T
asters of Fire' alcht k th t ad lk th ott bfo HE h a at of t th that h cotol th aag of att fo o tat to aoth h t ott ho th th ad of l b a uccful hadg tho ha hch h had g to h clay ut ha ft th toxcato of th dug h had dcod a ta utg gt hat hch atual hatfo th u o th bol of th athtook o og to a tafod by at a d hthto udad of h dugc thua g fo that obcu tt that th gat ct ay dcog ho to fo fat tha Natu oth od (c t aay cay to tak t of th tual xc of t a) ho thout l to tf th oc of th coc foc tud out to b th a by hch a could xcut fat but t could ao do othg oth tha hat alady xtd Natu t a thfo th afta to of a agcogou o hch coud ody th old ad hch coqutly dd ot blog to th od h hy t ot t cutu ook uo th calt th acdth haa h dca th agca a a at of Pt agc ad haa both cay th oto of aty o hth t a quto of olg t o to touch l coal th uty o of
9
he Frge he Crci
8
oducig ha ie he hich eried reice o ex e cod e ca y ouch o a ah cole oble hch have vigaed elehee W ay e h eve ha oduce e o o body i a g ha o ha acedd he hua cdi Accodig he yh of cai iive eole he aged oe* of he b aualy od e i hei gial ga ad ade ue of do he cookig bu ke i hdde fo e h ee able ge oei f i oly by cky h yh eec he ideolgy f a aiachal ciy ad eid u a of h fac ha e big duced by he fco of iece of od (ha by hei exua uio) a egadd a eig aualy i he ece hich eed h feale h o f culue a y bole h aua ce Bu aly achved aey ov e ad i h d he oce bca oe oefu ad o ueou ha he feae couea Dbu h abogal beliv ha boh al ad fa agica y by gh d ace of he e hch hey leave behid h ca b Pv l a uveay ko o have cocevd he agcigu oe a oehg bug ad ee e igfyg hea ey ho bu ec hi i hy agca ad ce d a o eeed a ad ea cedgy iua la h ay hy ee ca hei hea S la L mam cq ra d L" fm whh mst f h lng ampls n. wm f l nn (Gg). S S ams Fa M
Or Fie, Maman 3 p 3 (slat"s nt) Cf. F M Oigin Fe (Lnn 93) pp 5 sq (usa) 5 sq. (Nw Gun) 8 sq (bn) J (Maqs slans) J sq (Suth ) t mm p 37 aft F Fn So o D (Lnn 93) PP·
M f F
8
A ar of r haa ad ocrr ao brg coa had rdho ro ad alk o r O h ohr had hy hav gra rac o cod haa h Arcic rgio a a h acic i h ialaya hak o hr agc ha ho a crdibl riac h r gicac of hi agc ha ad of h ary ovr r i o dcl o div. Th or dca acc o a cra cac a or o aohr clral a ( Ida for xa o a codiiod a of rfc rial frdo h ary ovr r ad ibiliy boh o xr cold ad o h erar of brig coa ralad io ordiary r gify ha h haa or yog hav go byod h ha codiio ad hav achvd h lv of ri ik h haa h h r rd o b ar of r Ad o i cra cr h h codrd qal if o rior o h haa Sh ad haa co fro h a ay a Yak rovrb h f of a haa i orhy of rc h if of a ih orhy of vraio ay aohr Ad a hird: h r h h r haa ad h r or r bood brohr h ih a h d ad h haa ca b h xa h haa cao brig abo h dah of a h Accordig o h Dolga h haa cao alo h ol of a ih bca h ar roc h r b o h ohr had i oibl for h ih o g oo of h o of a haa ad o br i i r Accordg o h yh of h Yak h h rcvd hi rad fro h vil diy Kdaai Maqi h
1 Le Camanme pp Z, 86 . Z p 8
A Ppv Cntn f a bkmi nvie amn he Yaku (joual ofAme�n Foloe 6 9 pp p z A. Pp� . p 58, Eliae, Le Camanme p 9
h Frg n h Cl
Maerih of e e de in a houe ade of iron, urrounded by pier o e Kdaai Main i a er of grea renon i i h ho end he boken or apuaed b of heroe; oeie he paricipa in he niiaion of ceebraed haan fro he ne ord he eper her u he eper iron ccording o anoher radion, he anceor of e Yku Eiei, a he r ih Anoher yhica i, Chyky a he couneor of arror he forged her r and o gave he age advice The Yku aribue o he ih he poer o hea by naura ean and, unike he haan, ihou he aiance of piri Don o he ninh geneaion, a ih a upernaura poer a h coand; he ha no fear of piri, hich i hy he dare o forge he obec of iron hich ador he haan coue (for he noie of iron eep aay ev piri) Aong a iberan popuaion he ih ha quie high ocia anding hi craf i no ooked upon a a coecia one hi i a vocaion oehing handed don fro faher o on and pying he poeion of iniiaory ece The ih are under he proecion of pecia pir In hignan and oher region of Pai he ih ar i regarded a a gif fro he prophe David, hich i hy he ih receve greaer repec han he mllh Bu he u be cean boh phyicay and piruay he ihy i veneraed a a pace of orhip and here here i no pecia houe for prayer o aebie, peope foregaher a he ihy. Th pophe Davd obvouy cae o be ubiued fo r oe ceeia god or priiive civiing hero hi eege ceary fro he Buria beief According o he Buria, in eary i hen en had no earn he ue of
A p 1 ad o p 40· Jen The Y J, pp 7 . 3 Jn e J arubn
s f o, thy slaughtd th basts t , t t at, by tag t th th tth dssd as bst thy could th aals sks ad so o. Th th t Tg (th good gods) st do to at Boshto th havly sth, togth th hs daught ad sos, so that thy ght tach hua bgs th ts of tallugy Aoth lgd has t that th sos of Boshto ad athly ads ad thby bca acstos of sths Nobody ca bco a sth ulss h s dscdd fo o of ths fals Th Buats lks ko of black sths th s ay as thy dvd th atho to ht ad black gods. Th shaas, too, a dvdd to black ad ht (good ad bad) Th black sths, ho a ud th otcto of vl sts a hld scal dad by th ol thy a caabl of atg s souls. Dug coals thy sa th facs th soot. ods ad uada sts of th Buat sths ot cott y to assst th th ok but dfd th agast vl sts Th sths hav scal ts Thy sacc a hos o ts blly, ad ta out ts hata sccally shaac t Th soul of h hos ll lat o th clstal sth, Boshto N youg lay th ol of Boshtos sos, ad o a caag th havly sth hslf, fals to a stat of cstsy ad cts a lgthy oologu hch h vals ho h n emp st hs sos do to ath to cvl ts hua habtats Th h touchs th th hs togu I th act us to th so stg Boshto ould tak hs hads c of o that as bg sltdas do today th shaas of Sba ad Noth Aca Th tcto of sha th t at o h sth lks aas th coal scacls of c E o 9 jw
The Forge and he rble haac ao he dea o aoy haucao he fuue haa ach heeve beg o o pece by he deoae of he ao No hee adoa pecacle ea, decly o ohee, geue, oo ad ybol beogg o he phee of he h Dug h aoy cke, a Yaku haa ha ooked o a h o lb have bee deached ad epaaed h a o hook by deo; afe a kd of opeao (ceag of boe, capg of eh, ec), he deo have eaeled he boe ad joed he h o Aohe haa ha had h body cu o al pece by he Mohe Bd of Pey ho poeed a o beak, hooked ca ad o feahe Aohe, ao dug h aoy alucao, ha bee ocked a o cade Ad ally, fo a og auobogaphca accou by a Avaaoyede haa, e exac h epode he fuue haa, dug h ao cke, a hef peeae o he eo of a oua hee he behed a aked a opeag a bello O he e a a cauldo he aked a eed he haa h a eoou pa of og, cu o h head, ced h body o a age ad he he hoe lo o he caudo, hee a lef o cook fo hee yea he cave hee ee alo hee avl ad he aked a oged h head o he hd a, he oe eeved fo he be haa ay he ecued h boe, eaebled he ad coveed he h eh Accod g o aohe ouce, a ugu haa, dug ao, ad h head cu o ad foged h eal pece ao oh eebeg ha he haac coue loaded h o ojec, oe of he beg ao of boe ad edg o gve h he appeaace of a keeo (ee y hamanme pp 143 q, 12 q) o a ha ha bee ad, oud appea ha he 1 Eiad,
pp 48 sq at G W Kooo ad A opo
Masrs of Fr reece of ro the body of the haa ay a roe hch to a certa extet ar to that of the cryta or other agc oe aog the edcee Autrala, Oceaa ad South Aerca t ko that the rock crytal th hch he fed allo the Autrala or Oceaa haa to ee rt ad oul to y the ar, etc for he ha aated hef the ceeta acrede of the cryal hch hae fale fro the heaely ault (ee aboe, q A ar detcato, th te th ro, ca be dcered certa Sbera haa h ot thout gcace; ce ro the reere of the th he thereby creae h agcoregou retge. We hae ee that the coo org of the acrede of haa ad th ho ther atery oer re theoretca ter th atery ge the attaet of a tate ueror to the hua codto What ore t the th ho create eao for heroe o ther atera creato that atter but the agc th hch hey are eted; the th yterou art trafor the to agc too ece the relatoh, decrbed the ec rtg betee th ad heroe Athe obere that the ec og of alot all Mogola trbe (ad aog the uk too the ord for th daan) ge both hero ad ree horea he ae rter tree the ltary ortace o the haac cotue ad dru, the forer beg a kd of eta breatlate Sth oete re to the leel of royalty Accordg to certa accout eg Kha a orgally a le th ad the trbal eged of the Mogo lk the th craft th the royal houehold. the raa tradto the Ka th a the acetor of the Kaya It o ay r raoh ha a od hr or oh
a o haa A Oa), ro do o y ot ar 2 F Alh, Al rh Pa 19 33 · • F. Alth , ar d"Oho ad Sadhj
86
Frg ad Crci
dnaty; one da he had xed h leather aron to the end o a lance and n th a had raed the andard o revolt agant the dragonkng. he le kn aron becae the royal banner o ran Let u bear n nd th grou o dentcaton ater o re haan th heroe, thcal kng ounder o dnate). We hall rturn laer to certan reaonh beteen agc heat' heroc and ltar ntaton and the h For the oent let u exane the relgo and ocal tatu o the th n other cutural area
Am . Th od o m 16. o rl
d h og m u . z , · h
H Oh
D G
Dvn Smh and Civlng ros
NOWDYS the sth Jaa s a oor ad huble a but there are dcatos tha he stl eos a rleged
osto e s caled pande (exert) f he s a sh ad empu or (lord, aster) he he s a arourer Bu acet Jaa etal seltg as sterous oerato ad a hoe lterature as oe aroud the gure of he sth ho as ofte hooured lke a rce t s ot log sce he occued ostos of hoour at the court ad uder cera crcustaces could rreset the etre cout acet Jaa the relatosh betee rce ad sth as coarable to tha exstg betee brothers her geealog e that of rces goes back to the gods Ee oadas he a s o be forged b the arourer the orksho s decorated lke a kan or sacred eclosure he oergs brought before the coeceet of the ork are coarabe to those reseted a crcucso or arrage cereoes Bal there are ato rtes for arece sths ad drg ther ork manra are utered before each tool s used The pandewes of Bal ossess a rtte tado whch tells of her creato through he tercesso of Braha ho edoed h th he shak the stc force ecessar to ther trade . Fobs, Mllur n Anqu - H sss obs , Gos d P d Kt Ago. Th o o
t ss c o J h th u
8
h o ad h Crub y ulig ou rece Hidu iueces maa rh sha i is ossible o sor ou he coliced bckgroud 88
of he doesi sihhe yh of divie desce, he rdiiol or rie rsissio of geelogies (he begi is s i ere of eic oes) he scred ure of heir crf d h iiio ries, heir ysic frery h kigs d heir rivileged socil sus Mos of hese secic ois hve rced our eio o he yhicoriul colex of he Sberi d cerAsiic sih This iforio cocerig he rie geelogies should be oed for hese resuose h eisece of log orl rdiio To ko d o be ble o recie hese geelogies ould be he ork of boh he oe d he shries This relioshi be ee shs, heroes d sihs is srogly suored i he eic oery of cerl Asi Krl Meui fer shoig he shic srucure of ceri reek eic hees, hs very ly hro ligh o e ideicio of he sih ih he shheroes of he Fiish awaa Ceri secs of his kishi beee he crf of he sih d eic oery re erceible eve ody i he Ner Es d Eser Euroe here sihs d Tig ikers re usully brds sigers or geelogss We co del his oi o his colex d fsciig roble, hich oud ideed reuire quie legh eosiio is, hoever, ior o oi ou h he sih i virue of he scred chrcer of his crf, he yhologies d geelogies of hich he is he keeer d his ssociio ih he sh d he rrior, hs coe o ly sigc r i he creio d diusio of eic oery As erly s he yer 88o or herebous, Richrd Adre Ka Me, S (Hm, 7 1 126), p 175 O lik etee smhs soreres oes c too H. Ohhe grmnih hmid und in Wk{u . sq. C. . se, Qinih, 111.
ne Smths and Cng eroes wih he dcumens which wee ibe hm he ime, hd succeeded in shwing h me wkes, ms eey whee, fm gups p hey e myseius beings wh mus be ised fm he es f he cmmuniy Hdy nyhing is knwn bu he sci psiin he mgic eigus funcin f he smih in peCumbin Ameic (cf Fbes, p t, p 68) Amng he ibes nhwes Ameic he enys piieged psiin nd he sece di ins f his de e pssed n sey memes he fiy n Afic, hwee, he siuin is much cee, hnks he wk f We Cine nd he Giue Missin n 1936 Cine dew fm his eseches he fwing cn cusins x n he gssy pins f esen Nh Afic, smihs e wy cse nd hei wk hs n cey mked iu; (2 in Wes Afic, n he he hnd, he smihs e csey sscied wih sece scieies, eny he pesige nmy ccded mgicins nd fm sepe cns (3 in he Cng nd suunding egins he smhs e guped in guids, e in cse ssciin wih piess nd chiefs (smeimes being ne nd he sme pesn nd he wk f he smihy is iu bcked by he ppheni f spiis nd emedies Si fwing Cine, we mus dd his picue he fc h he whe f he bck cninen is cquined wih he mgiciu cmpex f he smih his iniiin seces, sexu bs, he pesnicin f he hmme nd ni nd he whe heediy pen f he pfessin Ouside f hese guids f nnmbie smihs hee e s e iinen smihs wh he epuin s pen Ad pc llen d Vegle d D M
dn Nl 42 . . Ad� D Me e Nln 13 q. 3 h or od bo 0 -17 C. oo M. D Jr So A Sh Ac Vlend I, 1948 1-8
T Fo ad b magiians ( obes p 64 And alhough e ai of e Whie Nle egad he iinean smihs as paiahs, he Baoo of he Congo pay hem gea espe and een edi hem ih oyal o aisoai anesy The expanaion fo his ambialene n he pofession of he oloued smih is o be found paly a leas in he ulual hisoy of Afia As Heman Baumann has shown, he palaeonigiian iilizaion (embaing he nohen Congo he uppe Ni as fa as byssina he souh ad ene of Eas Afia epesens he ue ion iiizaion of Afia and i is in he hea of his egion ha he smih is held in he highes eseem and plays an impoan ole The myhia smih is beiee o hae bough wih him he ools neessay fo he uliaion of he soil and heeby beame a iilizing heo', a ollaboao in he diine wok of eaion The smih is ed o he saed eah as ae poes and he women who dig he eah in seah of gold and in moe han one plae fo eample in he aea of he uppe Nige he wies of smihs ae he poes of he ibe (Baumann ct p 498 By onas in he pasoal Hamii iilizaion and ha of he seppe hunes he smihs ae despsed and fom a ase apa The ion and ool foged by him do no hae he iilizng ole aoded o hem in palaeonigiian ulues Ths applies among ohes o he Abyssinians he Somalis (whee he Toua smihs onsiue a ase of unouhables, and he Tea (noh of he Thad mainly in enal Sahaa among whom he smihs wee disdained and fom a ase of endogamos paiahs (Baumann pp 28 , 4 The Wa Ndoobos (Hami inhabians of he Nie Valey, hunes ikewise hod he smih in disdain he has no lega ighs in he 1 R. A D !Ya pp . p. ,
u d D L p l va lA ts b L bg , 4
n S C r mmuy d my be pu deh by his superirs Clie p 4) Their eighburs, he Msss Hmii ihis he Nile Vlley mds, lerisers), lee he wrk irsmelig d peris i he smihy he lKs, se held i gre emp um, p 2 9) h reed he ss, he iiiy he smihs k my brig deh, disese r rius her misrue her krls Chbii wih wm belgig smih se will use m lse his res, bege irm hldre, r my resul i his deh i uure rid knn mh) is erm use whe ppled smih uer his me er suse is iie he url ks lis r hum eemis Te r e smh is ule e Clie, p 14) e s w gle he Ari ppulis where he smih is held i high hur. Ag e \ Thggs Hmii Bu, griurl wrkers), he smih is bh ered d respeed Bu s r s mrrige is ered, hweer, he piure hs is drk side Oe des willigly gie es dgher i mrrige smih, r i se die she expses hersel gre peril I dire is uid ble, he smih immuize his wie by rubbig her bdy ih buer i he presee his mher r her emle wiessrelg he mehd used by he Mss reme mii rm he smih by ew ir bed by hdig her sik bere pruig he dire A ery speil pwer resides i he hmmer Bere begiig rge e, he smih reeies rm his lie g d eri quiy beer I is primrily hks his hmmer h he mgilly srike hie r persl eemy Geerlly spekig, he smihs d ple heir pwers C p . B Gmnn De Schmie un ine Kus m
misschen Denken (Zs nl 9 • 0. Gmn p 83
. 8
89
The Frge and te Cruble he seice f bck mgic nd mny e een enwned s benecen shmns n mkes mues eecie nd is in ddiin n exceen medicmen Wmen f he wesen W chggs we in ings und hei necks nd ms f hese becs e hed cnfe feiiy nd cue sck chiden Amng he pepe f he Kng (suhen Cng) hse wh wk in mes cnsiue sece eigius sciey wanga hing specic ies f wship nd iniiin (Cine p 19 The msesmee mng he Beke ( Nymwezi ibe in he suhen Cng) wks wih shmn Amng he B (gicuu wkes Zmbesi) he in dc' supeises smeing peins (Cine d. p 0 . In he suhen Cng he smihs fm heediy guid whse membes eny sci sus equ h f he shmns nd e unde he cn f mses w be he nme cm anda wichdc smih' (ine p 1 Amng he Msengee nd BSk (suhen Cng) he msesmih is geney he funde f he ige nd his cf is heediy d p 1 This puiy f funcnssmh nd ib hedis we esed mng numbe f he gups in he Cng egin in he uppe Ogwe whee he smihs e wys scees nd fen chiefs in he Lng whee he sced nin e is in he ce f smihpies mng he BSngus whee he smihs cme immediey bew he chiefs in he hiechy mng he Bhh whee hey cme immediey fe he chefs nd hunes nd be he ieuenns f he chief nd he shmns' ec (Cine p The i f nhen Nigei ibue in he pwe f ensuing cmmunicin beween he quik nd he ded hey beiee h in s cnibue he mgic pwe which pemees he smihy nd mnifess isef in h hundeb (d 16
n ths and C\ng rs
9
he prileged sttus the Aricn smith nd hi reiius unctin re chiey explined n the csmgnic myths nd the myths n rigins Thnks t Mrce Griue nd his cllbrtrs, there is nw ible n mple dcumenttin cncerning the mythlgy the First Smith mng the Dgns (Vlt re) nd the Bmbr (upper Niger) Amng the Dgns the pressn smith is highly esteemed nd his ts he n imprtnt plce in the cult The First Smith ccupies n essentil plce in mythlgy Frm the supreme deiy Amm, he receed specimens the min cultibe grns which he plced inside his sledgehmmer ten he suspended himsel t the end n irn chin nd Gd sent him dwn t ert Accrding t nther rint, the smiths t rst dwelt in the sky nd wrked r Amm. But ne them, hing stlen the millet rm Gd nd cnceled it in his sledgehmmer, Amm sent him dwn t erth When he de cntct with the erth he becme uncen nd cn sequently unwrthy rescendng t heen A third rint, the mst cmplete ne tels us tht the Ancestr Smith built in heen grnry diided int eght cmprt ment representing the principl rgns mn n ech ne he plced ne the eight cutible grins This grnry, built celesti ert, ws terwrds brught dwn t erth by the First Smith, where, s it dispersed it becme the prim rdil pure eld rund which humnity ter becme rgnized It ws ls the celesti irst Smith wh nented re nd tught mn griculture nd the dmestctin nimls he coesponence eeen he doon mh and the Mnda and Ba mth elae o he st ceetal smhs s o e noed see aoe, pp 65 q. 8 Fo he ee ersons o the mh, e Macel Gae Msq Do (Pas 18) p 8 d, De dea ( pp. q d. Decene d ome ee (Phe ) p 1 6 sq G Detelen and S de Gana Le Gne de che es Dogons (Msellanea An Pas, 1) pp 6 q arr egnaes Le s lsae Cnon !de ehnlqe de a en e d/ sle Aans (Uppla, 5) pp 1 6 q Grae Masqes Dns p d Decene d oeme ee pp sq. Deterlen and de Gana L ne des e p. 7 H enae, op pp 8
94
he For nd he Crucb
Aodig o ohe myhs he Ciilizig eo of he Dogos, he GudiCousello Nommo, sfomed himself io smih d me dow o eh o eel iliz io o mkid I e hees he iiies of Nommo e isible duig soms like Dse S des Toue (see boe, p 30, he huls hudebols d sikes he eh wih soes of hude his likig of he elesi Smih wih Ciilizig Heo, wih giulue d wi he Smih i his eligious ole, is o exclusie o he Dogos. is foud moe o les omplee, mog he Swdogo (egeus, p 3 mog he Gouousi (Fis Smih Ciilizig Heo he smih pefoms he fucio of pies of e d hudebol bd p. 40) mog he Bolos, oe of he mos pimiie populios i he Vol (odig o e myhs, h Fis Smih, so of he supeme God, cme dow o eh d eeled o ums he use of e, he domesico of imls d giulue he smih plys impo p i eligious d soil lifehe is he mseisuco i ii io eemoies, he is pophe d diie, e, egeus, pp 42 sq d mog he Somos, Bmb sheme ( cos mogo myh ibues o he pimodil smih he ole of collboo i ceio he sie i he woship of he gudi spi of we mus belog o fmily whose cesos wee smihs desceded fom Hee, egeus, p 47) Amog he Bmb he high pies is lmos lwys smih d sece socieies e geelly oolled by sms he sme siuio, odig o uxie, exiss mog he ohe Mds, Mliks, Oussouloks, ec Acodig o Ahi yh, he smih cme dow o eh eoied by od o fshio o doze d iml (egeus, p 55 Ga , p . 5 Du u pp 1 s H . as pp s.
Tgas, p 4 L a B ars 14 G Dr E r rlg B as 5 pp. 4 sq
p. 6
>
iin Siths and Ciiiin rs
9
mng the ws the smth n hs ts py cnserbe rt n reigius fe Te hmmer n ni re beiee t he fen frm heen n i s in their presence tht he th is tken The smth is rnmker n cn bring wr t successfu cncusin Accrng the myths the First Smithsmetimes regre s the true Sn f he Supreme Gws sent by G t cmpete the crein n t mprt the tresecrets t men Amng the rub it ws Ogun the Frst Smth h frge the rs wepns ught untng n fune the secret sciety f Ogbni (Tegneus pp 82 sq) Nzenz the Ciizing Her f the Mbus ws t nce smith ctr n cunser. He tught usefu techniques n inugurte the gus f smiths ibid, p 02) Amng the Tchmb the Dk he Durru n ther neighburng rbes the myhgy f the SmithCiiizng Her is extremey rch. The First Smith reee nt ny re n the mens f preprng f by ckng bu s the rt f buing huses the sexu behiur necessry fr prcretn the technique f giing birth crcumcsn frms f buri etc etc ibid, p 0) The mythgy f he Kikuyu intruces three brthers Cizng Heres The rst ne tugh he mestictin f ctte the secn gricuture n the thir the rt f frging ms ibid, pp 4 sq) T cncue ths bref surey et us rec ht the rst King f Ang ws ccrng t trtn the Smth King (Tegneus p 72) A the enre mss f penigritn cuture bers witness t whe cmpex f reigius ctiites cncerning te smith whse iegic funtins re t be fun in the myth f he Ceesti Smh n the Cizng Her wu neertheess be n errr t expn this ritu signcnce f 1 here e a mie mth icling he ieie ara epeciall
te cnceg te ii te ee a eaern s e h mmed e eenil agme ig eg, L s C>•le pp. 6-
he Fge an he Cube he smith sely n the bsis f his rle in the mking gricltrl tls Neither irn tself nr the smith is necessriy exlted in grictr iviiztins An gricltrl cviiztin sch s tht f he Slvs, which is gricltrl par exceence, ses irn fr prpic prpses ny Despite the viciniy f tw f the mst ncien metlrgic centres f the erth (Tric nd enissin), he Slvs hve mteril ctre in which metls py n prt t In rder, herefre, nderstnd the fnctin f the smith, we mst trn t he reigis myths nd idegies We hve lredy seen tht the Heveny Smit is the sn, he messenger r the cllbrtr f he speme Gd He cm petes his wrk nd fr the mst prt des his in his nme The civiliztin imprted by he Heveny Smith is n merely cnned t the rgniztin f the wrld (which is, ne might sy, mst csmlgy) it is l spiri ne The SmihCnselr cntines nd cmpletes the wrk f Gd by mking mn cpbe f nderstnding myseries. Hence he rle the smith in he inititins pberty nd in secret scieties, nd his imprtnce in the reigis life f he cmmniy Even his reins wih the chiefs nd sver eigns, whm, in certin regins, he verps, re f reigis chrcter As fr he despised stts f he smiths mng the Mss nd ther Hmitic pptins, i shd be ned tht nt ny d these peples nt prctise grictre bt tht they hve n mbiven (mgicreigis) ttide t irn ike every scred bject, me is bth dngers nd benecent This mbivlent ttitde bth twrds smith nd metls is firy niversl 1 LErglg degl Sla
9) . 72 79
Smths, Warors, Mastes of Intaton
d n e hn uch n nhe gup f yhsne in which he einship beween he divine HLL
sih nd Gd is n n eniey dieen pne. The yh gic hee hee is he ceebed ne f he sgge beween he ceesi deiy (e pecisey he Gd f he uicne nd he Aquic Dgn. A ske in his sugge is he sveeigny f he wd bu hee is e hn suggesin f csgic signicnce bu . Afe vecing he nse he Gd pus u he wd f his bdy (he MduTi hee in he vesins he gnizes he wd esbishes i n sid fundins by "ying up he nse nd huing i dwn in subenen byss. n he iy f vesins i is f sihgd h he Gd f he ucne eceives he wndus wepns which give hi vicy. n he Cnnish ex the oem of Baal he Gd Kshwsis (iey skifu nd sue fges f he w cudges wih which he e vehws Ld f he ses nd undegund wes n giic yhgy Ksh hs he sus f divin sih. Accdng he diin hnded dwn by Snchni n Chus ws he s discve in (Gse Thespis p 4 ceny n n Egypin vesin tah te te led d undanly mened n ed H G Tep R M r in AMn Near E (Ne Yk 5), pp 1 5
7
The Frge and the Crue PeGd ges ms whih pemi Hus nque Se Similly he divine smih Tvshi ees he wepns nd his srge wih he Dgn Vi Hephiss ges he hndebl wih whih Zeus wi vnquish Typhn Th ushes he sepen Midhgdhsm wih his hmme Mni ged by dws whh e he Sndinvin uneps he Cylps The lbin he divine smih wih he Gds is n nned his pein in he ge suggle he sveeigny he wld he smih is ls he hie nd sn he Gds Ksh shins he bws he Gds supevises he bilding Bls ple nd equips he snuies e deiies Gse bseves h his smihgd is ls ssied wih musi nd sng Snhnin sys h Chs likewise invened he gd speeh nd h mpsing hns nd innins n he gii exs he hnes e led K he idenin smih wih sng is ely indied in he semii vby he Ab -n, ge be smih is eed he Hebew Syi nd Ehipin ems dening he singing inning nel lmen hee is he welknwn eymlgil nnein beween pe nd he Geek petes, mening e mke nd ls he semni esemblne beween isn nd is The Snski taksh, mening ee is emplyed expess he mpsiin he Rig Ved sngs (, 62, V 2, ) The OldSndinvin hasthr, mening smihsng nd he Rhenish em rshed, mening pese hymser undeline even me erly he se nneins beween he p essin smih nd he he pe nd msiin (Gse d ) Ading Sni Odin nd his piess wee led ges sngs (Ohlve e Geranshe Shede, b qd by h.
L. ar
·
Sths Warrors asters ofntaton
99
p h s sscitins t b fund ng th ucts nd Mngls, wh th sith is inkd with hs, sings nd pts (s b p 85) Als t b td th zign nds wh cbintin f sith tink, usicin hl nd ftuntll. h n gin by th zigns t thss is in Eup, R, in Ani, , in si, D nd in Sy D D. t is intst ing, wits us ch tht dom in Indi is th n f tib, th cngtin f tibs y widspd nd wll knwn in f tis n th Snskt txts thy sscitd with usicins nd untuchbls but thy piily knwn s siths nd usicins t is nt withut intst t nt tht th links btwn th Asu slts nd sithst wh w h dy fd (p 65 sq) nd th dom bf th psnt dynsty D dynsty, which hd igintd in th nth, uld th Asu h wuld pp t h xistd thf, t s dnt cultu ls (which is k f y gt nti quity) cls cnnctin btwn th t f th sth, th ccult scincs (shnis, gic hlng, tc.) nd th t f sng, dnc nd pty hs lpping tchniqus, , pp t h bn hndd dwn in n u f scd ysty cpisng inititns, spcic ituls nd td scts. W f f undstnding ll th ng nts nd spcts f ths cpx itu nd s wil pbby n f ysty. h fw gups f yths nd tllugicl ituls which w h iwd nugh t gi us s d f th xt cpxity nd n inkling f th ius undlying cncptins f th wld On lnt nthlss i nstntth is h cdnss J oc , 95 8 Rub he 1 D 1 . 9 Jul o . 0
10
he Forge and te Crucle
me d csequey he mbve, eccec d mye us chce f mg d meugc pes. As we hve meed ee (pp sq, ce myhgc hemes f he ee se ges wee eged he myh gy he ge f mes Wh s especy sgc s he fc h he symbs f he hudese, whch p eces d se msse e cmped wh h hudeb, udewe ge devepme he yhges f me ugy he weps whch he smhgds dvesmhs fge f he cees gs e hude d ghg. hs ws he cse, f exmpe, wh he weps peseed by vsh d he cubs cudges f Nu e ced wdcshe wdgde, d e cmped wh hude d ghg us s hude d ghg e he weps f Zeus, s he hmme (mlnr) f h s he hudeb he cubs ump fm he hds f B, f Ksh hs fged ms f hm whch c be hued vey ds ps (Gse, op. ct p. 58. Zeus hus hs hude b f hs cce f mges s vey sgc hudeb, hudese (myhgc suve f he Se Age, d he mgc wep wh gdsce ske (sme es eug ke bmeg s mses hd cf hs hmme s pssbe deec hee ce ces f he myhgy f homo ber dve he mgc u f he mufcued he excep pesge f he s d wkm d, bve , he Me Age, f he smh s y cse sgc h, cs pegcuu d pemeugc myhges, whee, s u pegve Gd s he pssess f he hudeb d he he meegc epphes, he myhs f sc pepes, he he hd (Egyp, he Ne Es d he dEupes, he Gd f he huce reces hse
Sts, Warrrs, Mastrs ftat
wepsghg d hderrm dve smh s dc vd seeg hs he myhgzed vcry hm r, vcry whch presges hs spremcy he dsr ges cme Wh cery emerges rm hese myhs ccerg smhs wh sss he gds secre her spremcy s he exrrdry mprce ccrded he ratn a tl Nry sch cre res g me mgc r dve chrcer, r cre r csc c y be he wr sperhm beg Oe spec hs myhgy ccerg he mer s ms be meed he wrm srves me dve mdes The smh he gds rges weps smr ghg d he hderb (weps ry pssessed by he cees gds premergc myhges her r, hm smhs me he wr her sperhm prs O he myhgc eve hwever hs be emphszed h he m dve mdes s perseded by ew heme he mprce he wr mcre he demrgc cpbes he wm d y he phess he r, he wh crees bjecs \e re emped d hs cegry prmrd ex pereces he srce myhcr cmpexes, whch he smh d dve r semdve rs re ce rch ecs, dcers, mscs d medcesrcerers Ech e hese hghghs dere spec he gre myhgy svr re h s sy he pssess he cc secre brc csrc The wrds sg hve csderbe creve rce bjecs re creed by sgg he reqse wrds Vme sgs b, e he bds by mdg ch cmpsed mgc wrds d whe he cs he hree wrds he ges cs srs mgc, Aer Vpe T me smehg mes wg he mgc rm whch w be veed
f
02
Th Fre and th Crbe
r ak i appar spnanusy iru f is, h arisan is a cnnissur f scrs, a magician hus all crafs includ sm kind f iniain and ar handd dwn by a ccul radin H wh maks ra hings is h wh knws h scrs f making hm n h sam way w may lk fr an xplanain f h funcin f h myhical African smih in his capaciy f cilizing hr H has bn nind by Gd cmpl crain, rganiz h wrld and duca mn, ha s, ra hm h ars i spcially impran undrin h rl f h Afrcan smih n h iniiains a pubry and in h scr scis n bh cass w ar daing wih a rlain f mysris r knwldg f ulima raliis n his rligius rl f smih hr is a frshadwing f h clsial smihs missin s ciilzing hr h cllabras in h spiriual frmain f yung mn h s a sr f guid, h arhly cunrpar f h irs Cunsllr wh cam dwn frm han n
tempre
has bn nd ha in ary Grc cran grups f myhical prsnagslchins, Cabiri, Kurs, Dacyls wr bh scr uids assciad wih mysris and cr prains f malwrkrs Accrding arius radiins, h lchins wr h rs ppl wrk in irn and brn, daan Dacyls discrd irnsmlng and h Kurs brnz rk h lr , wr rpud fr hir spcial danc whic hy prfrmd wih a clash f arms h Cabiri, lik h Kurs, ar gin h il f masrs f h furnac and wr calld mighy in r' hir wrshp sprad al r h asrn Mdirranan h Dacyls wr h priss f Cybl, h gddss f munains as wll as f mins and L Gere A Boulge, L g g d lgo s , 78 sq J. e Mog L Phto otl (is, 27, II, . 73 sq. o l his see le les he RlE{yklod by uly issow. E ve sy o el ei souces i Be Hbes olu, K (Usl ).
Smth Wao Mate o ntaton
10 3
ces d hig he dweig iside he us Accd ig se he Dcyls spli up i w gupswey le pess he igh d hiyw fele pess he ef O gi he Dcys he ef wee scees whse wk ws desyed by hse he igh The sechis eciclig he heh d f ppsie sex lwys eke se ie f sced ige sced suggle which be cuius eseblce he hiese hiegies d icis Accdig dii hded dw by Clee f Aled (Pepic he Cybes wh e ls gie he e f Cbii wee hee bhes e f wh ws si by he w hes wh buied his hed he f f Mu Olypus This leged eig he igis f he yseies is liked s we he edy see (p wih he yh cceig he igi f es Nw hese gups f yhicl ellugiss de i gic (he Dcys Telchies ec he dce (he Cybes he Kuees he yseies (Cbii ec d he iiii fyug bys (Kuees Ad s we he hee he yhlgic eics f cie de f higs whee he guids f sihs hd p ply i yseies d iiiis H. Jeie hs ighlyephsized he fuci fcusels i he iiii ceeies f he Kuees i ceci wih he gegrdes f he iiies As educs d ses f iiii he Kuees eid us i cei especs f he fuci f he Afic ciiizig sihhees is ideed sigic h subse C. Rad La Ld l mond c an mp d Mmnad (Pa 892
p 269 t uo rm D Onalcn Rlon n ncm c Z (Brl 9 p 9 B r 'D dh Daktl (o 5 92 pp -59 O th oo th Datl ad th Mdt odd U Palo Rln Mdaa Mila 9 pp 8 8 q. 22 O th o tos o th Datl d. p 2. 2 a n d /Od (Pa, 9 p 6 C Jaar Coo Co (ll, 99 R Pao M (Boloa 92 pp q r 'Mr dr a (anoac XI 9 pp
0
The Fo d the Cui
quen, nd nney re cpex, sge cuure he nry uncn he sh nd bcsh s sures ery redy he bcsh shres bh he presge he sh nd es pr n he sybss crysed rund he hrse ws n drugh hrse used r he wrchr bu he rdng hrse, dsery he ndc hrseen Cenr As ws n hs s cuur cnex h he hrse nspred he grees nuer yhs he hrse n s rder he hed cnsderbe pce n he deges nd rus he e scees Mnnerbnde) s n hs cnnecn h we sh ee he bcsh he phn hrse wud ce n hs wrshp sees wh dn r he rp he urus ry r sge hun Wid H be shd n cern prs Gerny nd Scndn he bcsh un que receny prcped n nry scenrs he Mnnerbnde ype n Sy he shes he wrhrse r chrger e he HbbyHrse) by ng h n rder ree h erwrds Her p 5) n Scndn nd nrh Gerny sheng s n nry re enry n he secre scey s we s rrge re iid pp. 55) As Her hs shwn p 5) he ru sheng nd h he deh nd resurrecn he hrse wh r whu rder) n he ccsn rrge rs bh he ncs bre wh bcherd nd hs enry n he css rre en Sh nd bcsh py sr re n he rus pnese escees he shg s ced me mahtotu no kam he neeyed gd he sy pnese e mnJ J mnn ank .M. pp C oo Oae D gmnce ScmJ pp 5 s leae Slak 'le Geene e apne n Geanen Wn Bge Kgce IV Salep 6 pp 66 pp 6
Oo
Smth io Mte of ititio
myhoogy sns n nmb o onyd nd on ggd dns nsb om h Mnnbnd hy h gods o h hndbo nd h monns o o nho ohgos dmons (Swk 698 s nown h Odn ws so snd s n od onyd mn shosghd o n bnd Th hnomhos whh m no h bksmhs hop ws onyd H w om gns n n myho mo whh w nno nsg hs sg Wh s mon o s s h ds wh sno o h Mnnbnd n whh h nms o h hs (onyd o onggd h noy mons o dsb h n o h mss o non (sho dwsh Th dns who bo som nmy w no on wh sngs h mn o h monns h ndgond dws h s o sy wh monn opons sondd by mys gny ddd mwos n Nod myhoogs h dws w nownd o h dmb smh Cn s noyd h sm sg Th don o op o sm bd ddd whoy o mgy nd ng n h dhs o h h s so ond swh To h Dogons h s myh nhbns o h gon w h Ngos who h sn dsd ndond b bng ndgb smhs h sondng ng o h hmms s s o b hd Th wo mos' boh n Eo nd n n As nd n h F Es (Jn omd noy s n whh h smh nd bsmh hd h s nown h h onson o Chsny o nohn Eo Odn nd h Sg Hn' w ompd wh h d nd h hods o h dmnd Ths ws dy O op c 1 N 6 C rr oud by Too SuJof FolLaue l 1) ol II . 7 da } I ary alug • u Ho Cle, p 6
16
The rge ad te Crucle
ge sep wds he dec f he smh d blcksmh wh he dev he msey f e cmm bh mgc shm d smh ws Chs fkle, ked p s he wk f he devl e f he ms feqey ecg pp mges shws he dev spg mes Pehps we hve hee he l mygc sfm f he cheyp mge f he mse f e OdW ws he mse f he wut he rr relgsus (Wtan id est urr we Adm v eme Nw he wut ke he ems he IdEpe egs vcbly f feg, ms sges he ge d exeme he pvked by excessve ges f sced pwe he w becmes heed dg hs gh he pdces he whch s emsce he mgc he pdced by h shms d yg see p 81 O hs pe he w esemes he mses f e mgcs shms yg smhs he exc eshp meed bve bewee he ghg Gds Id ec d he dve smhs Ksh vsh, ec my be gve ew epe he dve sm wks wh e whe he w gd by hs rr mgclly pdces e hs w bdy s hs mcy hs symphy w e whch es sch deg mgcegs expeecs d dees sch dspe vcs s h f he shm he smh, he w d he mysc I ems f s p ye he heme E pe lke, e whch embces he m f ejve hgh he fce e Jess Chs S Pee S Nchs S E pys he e blcksmh wh he he sck d evees he d by pg hem heed BaholSal Hande de deen ege n Smed
Tl Hg von ml de Mens (B pp Th thm ha n hatvly y C Mann n an alMan Eman n Ign Dn
Sths ros Mts of ntton
07
en o ogng hem on n nil A soldie, a pies (o S Pee, ec) smih, endeou epe he micle n n d wmn (moheinlw, ec) hey il menby Bu Jesus Chis ses he impuden smih by esuecing he cim om his bnes shes In numbe o les, Jesus Chis es smihy being he sign Hee dwells he mse mses' Thee enes mn wh hose o be shod nd Jesus obins he smihs lee o peom he sk One e he ohe he emoes he hose's hooes, plces hem on he nil, hes he shoe, s i on he h nd nils n. Nex he hows in he unce e n od wmn (wie o mohenlw he smih) nd, by ging he n he nl, tnsms he in beuiul mden The smih es d he sme wih esuls h e knwn (Edsmn gns nus pp 0 82 sq) These popul es ecll he myhcoul sceno in which e ws he iniiin es nd epesened boh he gen puicion nd nsmuion (bpism by e in pimiie Chisiniy nd Gnscism is one he mos boe exmples such speccle) In hese olkic ceions Jesus is pesened s he mse o e' pr ex eene nd he blcksmih s endowed wih mgic quliies his s n ndiec demonsion he pesisence o belies undenibe niquiy. The mse o e, ke e ise, cn be endowed wih signicnce us kinds he my be diine demonic Thee exiss, o, celesil e which ows beoe he hone o Gd, nd hele which, in Gehenn, buns consny In he eligious nd y lkloe he Middle Ages, Jesus, s wel s he deil, e mses o e F ou pupose, i is well o be in mind h he mythic iges he smih nd blcksmih he long S C Esm L bape de s 90 sy 93 s
3 4 s 8 s.
0
The rge and Crb
eined hei hd n he ppu imginin nd h hese sies cninued he iniiy sgnicnce (Ceny he bius cnsciusy ccessibe signicnce cn be me discussin, bu imi he pbem n his wy is sin hugh n excess inism. A ke des n ddess ise he wkened secuied cnsciusness i exes is pwe in he deep ecesses he psyche, nd nu ishes nd simues he imginin The niiin symbisms e nd fge deh nd esuecin by e, ging n he ni, ec, e cey bne u in myhs nd shmnic ius c be pp. Simi imges, inspied by es, c diecy n he psyche he udience een when, consos he e des n eize he pim signicnce ny picu symb)
zz Chinee Ahemy
To cei exe i wud be ue sy h i Chi hee ws bek bewee mysic meugy d chemy A
Mce Ge hd edy ed h ism ges ck he dys f he guids f smihs cusdis f he ms wdus f he mgic s d he seces f he pim fces' I ws i Tis d eTis cices h chemic echiques wee ppged As is kw wh hs bee geey emed Tism' hs fm ime immemi eceied d i u gie ew sigicce ge umbe f spiiu dis T cie y e exmpe: pimie mehds f eiegig he speiy d se f biss f he Aim Life wee dped d cefuy peseed by he Tis mses w such pcices e i diec desce fm pshmis f huig pepes which f cuse is edy mk f hei ge iquy (cf my Chamanme, pp 42 sq \e mus f cuse cfuse ciuiy wih ideiy The psi f he Chiese chemis cud be h f he smih pimiie mysic Amg he Tiss whse chemic fuce is success he cie fge imm iy is ge ( y e sice he secd H dysy he esu f he csig f mgic uesi (which wud quie scce e fge bu quied fm hi wh
1 1 0
l G D Lg, p.
0
Te Frge and e Cr
hs succeeded in pducing the diine cinnb Fm th mmen thee ws new mens f selfdeictin it ws sucient t bsb dinkble gld cinnb in de becme like the gds he lchemist, especilly in the Ne Tis peid, ste t ece n ncient wisdm, dulte ted mutted by the ey nfmtin f Chinese sciety. he lchemist ws cultued mn his pedecesss hunes, pttes, smiths, dnces gicultuists, ecstics lied in he ey het f tditins lly nsmited by initiins nd tdesecets Fm the ey st ism hd tuned with symphy, een with feu, the epe sentties f these ditins. his hs been descibed s he ists inftutin f ppul supestitins, whch included tehniques f ius kindsdietetic, gymnstic, che gphic, espity, mgic, shmnist, ecstic nd spiiulis, etc eything pints t the ntin h n the ppul leel n which they wee sught, sme f the ditinl pcices hd ledy undegne numeus chnges we he nly ecll the bnt ieties f cetin shmnis ech niques ecstsy (cf. my Caanse p. 98 sq.) e ists smehw culd sense beneth he cust f such supestitins uthentic fgments f n ncien wisdm which they ste t ecptue nd mke hei wn. It ws in this he gue e, in which pimitie in uitins nd ditins f get ntiquiy lingeed n, un ected by the icissitudes f cultul histy, ht ism clected its cp f pecepts, secets nd ecipes. (hese tdiins deied fm spiitul situtins lng ps, situtins cnneced with he mgic f the hun, he dscey f tey, gicultue nd metllugy, nd he expeences nd ecstsies ht wen with hem.) One my sy, heefe, ht he is lchemists, despite ineible inntins, cntinued M tenmak e eSe Tha p 1 8
Cs Am
d plgd glss di Ti id gy d imliy blg h sph myhlgis d flk whic i iully uis. Th is h hb immly iml gbl subscs chgd wih iliy d ciig h ixi l yuh s l h myhs ccig iccssibl gis ihbid by imms p pimii idlgy gig byd h cs Chi I is u pups xmi hm h (s fw xmpls i N ). L us simpy pi u i wh ss hs udimy iuiis i h myhs d is smls d smihs w up d ipd by h chmss I will b spcilly diyig highligh h susqu dlpm f fw fudl ids c cig h gwh f s h u sfmi f ms i gld d h mysic lu f gld. As f h iu cmplx cmpisig bhhds smhs d iiy dscs smig f is sucu ws smid h Chis chmis d n him Iiii by s d h iiiy cmmuci f scs lg ciud b h m i chmc chg Spciliss l gd bu h igis f Chis chmy h dates the ealest tets which mi lchmic pis sil ud discussi Accdig H Dubs h s dcu ds m h y 14 Bc. Th y impi dic hs wih pubic xcui hs cugh i h c f cufiig gd. Accdig W. H s h s mi f lchmy my d fm h fuh hid cu Bc Dub's iw p t p. is h h fud Chs lchmy ws Tsu cmpy f Mcius (fuh cuy) Whh his pii is w fudd i is imp disigish h hstral h t s rdcd H
Db B . a l
gah Cn ch I.
he Frge a the Crie egnn d devepe f pre-hemstr f chey
s segic eche. As we ve edy sid hs e ws debe wih he ehds d yhgies y Tis whse ws e he h h fkig gd i reied s p he ed f he eigheeh cey) deed, Chiese chey ws i p s f s s s discpe by iizg ) di csgic pcpes yhs ceced wh he exi f iy d he i ss eches psg he pgi f ife bede d spi spe. These hee eeespcipes hs d eches beged he c heige f phsy wd be e beeve h he de f he s dces which gves evdece f he s esbshes he ge Thee is vey bvs d cse cec bewee he pepi f gd, he dg f y d he evc f he s L T peses hisef he Epe W d sses h h he c pef hese hee ces b he y scceeds i ezg he s The gic Ch i dvises he Epe W T f he dysy s ws Scce he ce d y w be be s (spe) begs whe y hve ced fh hese begs he pwde f cib c be sfed yew gd whe he yew gd s podced y w be e ke f i ess f dkig d eg d i s dg y w hve pged gevy Whe y gevy s pged y w be e see he bessed (hsen) f he isd f Peg which s he ids f he ses. Whe y hve see he d hve de
1 Eide L Yoga ora Lr pp 28 sq.
I
Edoud Chves, L Mo r d SMT (is 8 sq
p 7
Chnee Achem
3
e n an h acce, en you wl no e (ma Cen, vol. , p 465 ) Anoe ceebae peonage, Lu Hang (798 Bc , clame o be abe o make gol bu ale (ex n Dub, p 74). A ew cenue ae, e mo celebae Cnee acem, Pao Puu (peuonym o Ko Hung, 2434), aemp o expan Lu Hang alue by ellng u a e wa no n poeon o ue mecne (e poope one an a e wa no pualy pepae (o e alcem mu a a une ay an pu mel w peme, ec). T anmuan anno be boug abou n a paace, a Pao Puu: one mu ve n olue apa om onay people Book ae no enoug; wa one n n boo only o begne, e e ece an communcable only by oal eacng, ec Te que o e ex wa u boun up w e eac o an myeou an wee e mmoal ve: o encoune ee mmoal wa o cen e uman conon an ae n an exence o mee bl. T eac o e mmoal n an lan exece e mn o e ealy empeo o e n ynay (29 Bc; Sma Cen, e , 4, 2; , 47) an e Em peo u o e Ha ynay Bc , 499 Dub,
·
e eac o gol wa alo a pa que. Gl wa mpea; wa o be oun n e Cene o e ea an wa myy connece w e e (ealga o ulpu), yelow mey an le n e eeae (e •yelow ouce). ow wa peene n a ex ae 122 Bc, wee we lewe n evence o e bele n a eee e e (agmen nae by Dub, pp. 7). poble a ex may eve om e by Dub d pee bblphy Eiae L Y, 7
I
The rge ad he Cri
h schoo of Tsou n, i no fro h Msr hsl (bd p 7 As w h sn (bo, p 50), blif in h nurl orphosis of ls ws coon in Chn Th lchis onl cclrs h growh of ls. ik his Wsrn collgu h Chins lchis conribus o Nurs wor b prcipiing h po. Bu w should no forg h h rnsuion of ls ino gold lso hs spiriul spc gold bing h ipril l, prfc, frd fro purs, h lchicl opron us o ii h prfcion of nur which is in h nl insnc, is bsoluion nd s libr Th gsion of s in h bowls of h rh obs h s porl rhhs s hos which bind n o his crnl nd flln condion o hsn h growh of ls b h oprion of lch is noun o bsoing h fro h lws of Ti. God nd jd, sinc h pr in h ang coso ogicl principl prsr bodis fro corrupion If hr is gold nd jd in h nn prurs of h corps i wil prsr h bod fro purfcion, wris h lchis Ko Hung And To Hung Ching (fh cnr) gis h followng dils Whn on opning n ncin gr h corps ss li, hn hr is insid nd ousid h bod rg quni of gold nd jd According o h rgulions of h Hn dns, princs nd lords wr burid in clohs dornd wih prls nd boxs o jd for h prpos o prsring h bod fro dc For h s rson ss o lchil gold h spcic ir h proong if indnil Ko Hng wris wih his chic gold o dishs nd bows nd if o nd drin ou of B Laur de
d Cee Acelg and Regn Chag 11) hg u ud lqud ad h ud al ough hu gg bu d d ral� M lar Le Lee Tn q r r h r ad C lad L Yg 8 r
Chnese Ahem
5
hem u sh e ng The sme uhr n nher ccsn ss As he rue mn he makes gd becase he wshes b he medcn use f (ha s b ssmng as fd), becme n mmr' Bu be eece gd had be rered fbrcaed Gd rduced b e rcesses f chemca submn nd ransmun ssessed hgher b mens f whch ne cud chee mmr f vn h hb ch-sheng can mak on lv longr Why o ty puing h lx to h mouh? old by nar dos not ot o dcay; Thfor t s of all hngs most rcous Wn th as ( alchms) ncluds t n hs dt Th duraon of hs lf bcoms vrasng Whn th goldn owdr ns h vntals fog s dslld lk ranclouds scattrd by th wnd agrant halaons prvad th fou mbs Th counnanc bams wh joy and wllbng Hars tha wr wht all turn to back Tth tha had falln grow n thr fomr plac Th old dotard s agan a lusty youth Th dcrt cron s a young gr onc mor H whos fom s changd and has scad th prls of lf Has fo hs ttl th am of Tru an3
Accrdng rdn resered n Leh Hsen Chuan Te Cmee Bgres f he mmrs) We Png he uhr f hs em n rse f e Exr d successfu rered e s f mmry He swwed few f ese s nd ge sme ne f s dsces nd s dg Tnln by . Wley, N n Cs m p Tnn by hnn, d Cs m p 71. T' C'i , xxvu by Wey, N n Cs lm
p 1 i e, the t t b ney ded lemy wen i by W Py. It h bn lted in nish by LuC'n W w nducn by T . D Nt I d lde, Yg p 25
6
e Fe d e Cucle
Wheeuon hey ef he eh n he mo esh nd en o jon he ohe mmos (cf Lone Ges, Cnee l, 6 sq The lchems cces he dion deniy of mcocosm nd mcocosm, so fmi o Chnese hough The unvesl qune, wu-n (e, e, ood, gold, eh, is egded s nmey led h he ogns of he humn body he he h he essence of e, he ve h he essence of ood e lungs h he essence of mel, he kdneys ih h essence of e, he somch ih he essence of eh (exs n Johnson, 0 The mcocosm hch he humn body is, s kese neeed n chemcl ems The e of he he s ed ke cnb nd he e of he kidneys s dk, s ed, es boghe of he fmous chems L Tsu (eghh cenuy Cosely ed h he cocosm, mn ossesses he eemens hch consue he cosmos nd l he v eneges hch secue hs eodc enovon Al h s necessy s o enfoce cen essences ence he monce of cnnb s due no so much o s ed coou (he coou of bood, he v ince s o he fc h hen u no e cnnb oduces ecuy heefoe concels he ysees o egeneon by deh (fo combusion symbolzes deh. foos fom hs h cn ensue h eeu egeneion of he humn body nd umely cheve mmoy Po Puzu es h f one mixes hee ounds of cnnb h one ound of honey nd f one des he hoe in he sun n ode o obn lls of e sze of gn o em, en of such ls ken n he couse of one ye esoe he bckness o e h nd mke decyed eeh go gn And f one connues beyond one ye, one becomes mmol ex n Johnson, 63 uod W A. Th Le Caha, 6
Cne Ale
7
Te coecion of e legenary biogpie of e Taoi Immoral, Le en '-arbue o Liu An (6 Bc bu cerainly revie in e r cenury of our e-i one of e oe ex ic menion cinnabar a a ongeviy rug Uner e r Han emperor alcemi ue cinnabar o obain gol (ic a no pu o furer ue bu cange ino magic iean inermeiae age Bu from e r cenurie of our era i a beieve a e aborpion o cinnabar coul make e ole boy re' M Kaenmark Le Len tou, pp 9) Accoring o e L en ' a governor fe imef cinnaba for ree year en obane lig no from e ivine cinnab Afer aving conume i for ve year e a able o y abou' (lenmark pp 7) Tce'fou coul make mercury an pur e cinnbar c e aborbe alpere afer iry year of i ie e a become like an aolecen i ar (incluin i boyar a a become re' ( p 7) Bu cinnabar can alo be mae inie e uman boy manly by mean of e iillaion of perm Te Taoi imiaing animal an vegeable ang imef upie on cauing e eence of i perm o o up o i bran' Te ttn, e famou el of cinnaba' are o be foun in e mo ecre recee of e brain an bely: ere i i a e embyo of mmoraiy i alcemicay prepare Anoer name for ee cinnabar el' i K Lun, meaning bo mounain of e ee ea'a ojourn of e im moral-an a ecre region of e bran compriing e camber imilar o a cave' ton , c alo ignie nupia camber' an e nrvana' ( In orer o ener erein by myic meiaon one fall ino a caoic' ae ouen) reembling e primorial paraial uncon Rl , ard n mnr drmOrn 6
The Forge and he Cuce
scius cndiin f he unceed wd (R Sein, c Tw eemens especily cl f enin he plelism f he myhic munin Kun un, wih he sece egins f he bin nd bey () he e given he chi se which, nce ined by mens f mediin, llws ne penee hse sece ecesses f he cinnb eds, hus mng pssible he lchemicl pepin f he emby f m miy The idenicin f he Kun Lun in he humn bdy cnms wh we hve sevel imes emphsized h he Tis chemis kes up nd cies n imeld diin, embcing ecipes f ngeviy nd echnique f mysi physilgy Indeed he Munin f he Wesen Se, sun f he Immls, is diinl nd vey ncien imge f he wld in ile f univese in miniue The Mnin f K'un Lun hs w ies n upigh cicul cne sumuned by n inveed ne, simil he chemis's funce Bu he clbsh cnsiss f w supepsed sphees The clbsh, f cuse plys cnsidebe p in Tis ide lgy nd flke nd is egded s pesening he csms n miniue. In his gudshped miccsm esides he suce f ife nd uh This hemehe univese hving he shpe f clbshis f undenible niquiy I is heefe signicn h n lchemicl ex shud dece 1 Cog oosoy o s symosm Cl
Td ur
u Wldu Z 19 sq 6 s passm C . S as mau . 5 s m o dsl g
o s d mg y s om y ms sso m o s o od s; . . Mgs mss o g ml mo o s s goo s o mmoals osuy o w s d o myss 'o ms so osy d goo n goo ly m o sgy "mysos ooud sd ( S 44 s goos ds o o s o u o . y osd ss od d gouds 4.
Chnee Ahem
9
e who cuies cib (h is, he pil o f immoly) kes ee s his model d fshios Eh e seeks hem by uig i o himself d he ds h ee shped like goud hs come io spoeous exisece i his body Ideed whe he chemis chiees he choic se of ucosciousess he peees o he iemos ecesses of he beig he spce of he size of humb oud d sque (R Sei p 59) This ie spce is i he fom of goud. As fo his choic se ied hough mediio idispesble o he opeios of lchemy i is fo see esos, of iees o ou iesigio Ad his is pimily becuse of he esemblce bewee his ucoscous se (compbe o h of he embyo o he egg) he maea pma he ma a cna of ese lchemy o which we shll eu le (pp. 5 sq.) The maea pma shoul o be uesood meey s pimoi codiio of he sub sce bu lso s ie expeece of he chemis The educio of me o is oigil coiio of bsolue idieeiio coespos, o he ple of ie expeiece o he egessio o he pe, embyoic se The heme of ejueio d logeiy by mes of he egeu ad ueum is leimoif of Toism The mos usul meho is embyoic espiio (a-) Bu he lchems lso chiees his e by he smelig of ious igedies i his fuce A ex of mode syceis Tois expesses iself hus: h is why he (Budh) J ouli ( Thg) i his ge mecy hs eee o m he (lchemic) mehod of wok wih e hs ugh him o peneae anew he ma i oe o efshio is (ue) ue (he pleiude of) his o i lfe (quoed by R. Sei p 97) We my d h his eu o he mix exled boh Cmmnta uo e eenyufu nl R. Sn . ·
20
Te Fge and e Cucbe
by aot wrer ad Weter achemt (pp. 54 q) mply he deeopme of a more acet more wdeprea cocepo aready ateed a prmte leel of cuture: ecoery from deae by a ymbolc retur o he og of he wold tha by a reeactmet of he comogoy ay prme herape cude a rtua reerato of he creato of the world permttg he ck ma to be bo aew ad thu o ecommece exece wh a ac reere of he tal foce he aot ad Chee achem hae ake up ad perfeced th radtoal method Itead of reerg t for the heag of parcuar maade hey hae appled aboe all to cure ma of the le reulg from he raage of me that from old age ad death. rom a cera dae owad wrter beg o dtguh betwee a eoterc (ne an) ad a exoerc (wa an) achemy. Peg ao who led oward the ed of he th ad he half of he eh cetue h commetary o the eae Tsan Tung C made a cear dtco betwee exoerc alchemy whch coceed wth cocte ub ace ad he eoterc arey whch ue oy the ou of hoe ubtace (Waley p ., p 5 · he dcto had bee made a og whe preouy by uu ( 55 5 77) A clear expoto of eoterc' alchemy ge he Teae n e agn and e Ter by u ug Po we . I 0 he pue acedea metal are deted wh dere par of he body ad he achemcal pocee ead of beg realed he laboraory take pace he body d he cocoue of he expemee I he word of u ug P'o: he drago mecuy. I he eme ad bood e ue from he kdey ad oed the ler. he ger lead. e breath ad bodly regh C M. Ed ogon Myn nd Mg ng
56)
m
Chnee Alhe
121
e sses fom he md ad he gs bea hm Whe he md s moed beah ad segh ac wh . Whe he deys ae shed he seme ad bood ow wh hem I was he heeh cey whe he Ze schoos oshed ha achemy became a fyedged ascec ad coempae echqe e pcpa epeseae o aosZe achemy s Ko Chag Keg aso ow as Po Y Cha. ee s how he descbes he hee mehods of esoec achemy (Waey oes p 6 sq. I he s he body pays he pa of he eeme ea ad he hea ha of me cy medao ( podes he ecessay d ad e spaks of egece he ecessay e. Ko Chag Keg adds: By hs mehod a gesao whch omay eqes e mohs ca be acheed he wkg of a eye. he dea s eeag as Waey pos o Chese achemy esmaes ha he pocess by whch a chd s egedeed s capabe of podcg he Phosophes Soe hs aaogy s mpc he wgs of Wese achemss (hey say fo exampe ha he e de he ecepace o coae ms b coosy fo foy weeshe peod ecessay fo he gesao of he hma embyo he mehod adocaed by Ko Chag Keg s he focs of seea adoa cocepos some of whch ae of gea aqy. I paca hee s he paaesm of oes ad meas wh orgasms ha gow sde he eah ke a embyo sde he womb. hee s oo he dea ha he Ex (ha s he Phosophes Soe has he chaacescs boh of a me ad of a embyo ay hee s he oo ha he espece pocesses of gowh (of boh mea ad em byo ca be acceeaed macosy by acheg he sae of may ad pefeco a he mea ee of exsece (.e Quotd by We Ns on C Am 5 oo u Chg Wu d T. Dve An Ancn Cn ra n alcm . 55 (h LX of T Tun Ci
r b
F
Lam�
X �orat , elt Duco,gna'ie
J exmiu -i [ere
Hc h'mfaom
JOe t f t oe h clpo e cotdt hem
jen en nM.
t
M M ii i N i N i i
Fc x mar & fnt ciulm, qdg1 hc rum ac h bs p hpum
XX
dsqu unn ti cicl, x Srgt � �q ma aat at1. HngluM, mni qi pt otn I m ee: u L otz it e ta N� n oet o7a et �ga Gom� on{ chae ar Scti mic
'From a m d wom mae a crcle he a squae, he a rgle, fal a crce, dyou wl oba he Phiosophers oe
124
e Fore an e Crue
by pucng gol an also-moe paculalyn e uman level by poucng e Elx of Immoaly. Fo as we ave seen ans o e uny of mcocosmmacocosm bo levels coespon w one anoe. Snce alcemcal pocesses play ou e pa n e vey boy of e aep e pefecbly an ansmuaon of meals coespon o e efecon an nsmuaon of men. Ts pccal applcaon of esoec alcemy was nee ne a n e Cnese aonal syse of e manunvese uny by opeang a a gven leve esuls fo all coesponng level wee obane. Te wo oe meos of esoec alcemy ecommene by Ko Cang Keng wee vaaons of
Chse Alhy exa eeme aiay, may be ssee be f ia gi e s a a he ma iees eaig bewee he ahemia mehs a ygaai ehiqes (iig bh he eei f he beah a he immbiiy f he seme w bh ways if he Chiese ahemiss bw sei eaai mehs fm he Tas shs he ae i hei emy ahemia symbism (maig, f exame wma he ibe f he ahemiss e. As f e exeises i hyhm miaig h sage f beahig, hese ha f may eies bee a f he isiie f Chiese ahemy. Pa Pz wies ha ejeai is baie by haig esiai f a hsa heabeas e a ma has eahe ha sage he he wi be asfme i a yg ma e ia iee, eai eTais ses ike he Tais f he le h, siee he sig f esiai a meas f immbiizig he seme a he syhmea w I he iew f he Chiese, he eei bh f beah a seme ese geiy B sie bh a Tse a Chag wee aeay aqaie wih mehi esai a sie embyi esiai i exae by he Tais
Cf Elide, Le Yog, p ong Tcheng Kong ws fuly convernt wh the
metodof eparngd leding' (n expession requenty employed to indie ost sexul techniques, pctices of the sleeping-chmber. He drew the esnce fom he myseous emle his pncple ws th the vil Spis residing in the Vley do no die fo it is through them that life and breh re minined nd noushed His hi whc ws whie beme black gn his th hich hd fllen u grew once moe His pctices wee idenil wi tho of otu (M Kltenmk Le Leen hon, pp . The mysteous femle ws he ey fom hch the world hs emerged cf . Sein op c, p 9 But in he text just quoed hs e pession refers o the micocosm nd hs pecise physiologil connotion (M Kltenmrk p. , n 3. The pctce wa to bsorb te vi enegy of he women wh whom one hd incu: this energy being at the souce of life itf helps to eve consdebe ongevity (., p 5. Ko Hung ams t thee wee more thn ten wrte who del wh Taoist xul pctces, he pncple of ll thei methods bei to bin bc the ence in de to ep the bn' (. f oo . p. 4, . Ta ohnson A uy ofhnee che p . S Ede, L Yo pp 395 sq
The rge and h Crub
wites, we e etitled to ssume tht these espitoy techiques oigited i Chi. ike so my ote Chiese spiitul techiques, they deied fom the potohisoc tditio o which we he efeed (p. o) d which icluded ite li, ecipes d execises fo the pupose of chieg pefect spoteity d itl betitude The im of embyoc espiio ws to imitte the bethig of the foetus i the womb By etuig o the bse the oigi, we die wy old ge, we etu t the coditio of he foetus sys the pefce to Ta-hs Keu Kue (O omle fo mbyoic Respitio). Now this eu o te begiig, s we he just see, ws wht the chemis lso soght by othe mes
1 See he e Eae
L Ya, pp. 7
q The aiq o eprato teh e i Chia ha ee ee ome the oer o rpo o the Cho epoh ellm hem, Eie ChoIhri e Atemehk Mn mna Sa, 2 948, pp 35) Tra. Mapo Le po e No e Priipe va b eligo ae aiene jun asq 93 pp 775; 430 p
Indian Alchmy
estece of chey too, thee s bdce of edece fo the s spt techqe We he stded N NA,
esewhee ts eos tes wt thyog d tts We sh hee eto oy the oe pott oes st tee s the pop tdto ecode both by b d ope tees coceg the yogchests hese tte y es of te hythc cotol of te bethg (py d te se of egetble me eedes e s to he scceeed poogg the yot detely tstg od ets to god y egeds spe of te yogf cles pefoed by chests hey y e teseles sble, etc (see Le Ya p 7) et s ote pssg tt these ces e yogc powes pa eeee (dh he syboss of ttc yog chey s lso we tteste te tey tdto of the Sst d ec texs Ngj, the fos mdhyk phlosophe, s egded s te to of ge be of lchetc tetses Aog the sdd cheed by te yog ppes the tstto of etls to god the ost ceebte ttc sdda (Cp, K, Vy, etc e lso epe lchess The aa, techqe pecl to he schoo of the th Sdh hs lchecl sgcce ly, hs Sava Yg a Lr pp �74 s
7
Th For ad h uci dahaa-amaha, h shows chemy (rahara arhana, he scece of mecuy) o be bch
hyog he mecu sysem (sy) mus o be ooke upo s smpe euogy of me fo s mmee mesby peseg he boyf g he supeme go whch s eece. A he chemc ese Raa ddhanta quoe by h sys The eece of he g sou a] s se foh he mecu sysem.' e oeps bewee yog especy c hyog chemy occu uy o he m hee s s he obous ogy bewee he yog who woks o hs ow boy hs psychome fe o he oe h he chems who woks o subsces o he ohe. The oe ke he ohe ms pufg' hese mpue mes pefecg hem y smug hem o go s we he see (p. go s mmoy' s he pefec me s symbosm ejos he symbosm f he pue sp fee mmo whch he yog eeous by scecsm o exc' fom he uce' esed' sychome fe I ohe wos he chems hope o chee he sme esus s he yog by pojecg' hs scetcsm on o me Ise of submg hs boy hs psychome fe o he gous of yog oe o sepe he Sp (puruha) fom expeece beogg o he sphee of he subsce (pakti), he chem subjecs mes o chemc opeos whch coespo o puc os' scec oues o hee s compee soy bewee physc me he psychosomc boy of he m: boh e poucs of he pmo subsce (prakt) Bewee he bses me he mos ee psychome expeece hee s o bek of couy A sce wh he posVec epoch esus mpo o m's spu t tts
l L Yog pp 8-2
dia Achmy dti xpctd fm t itisti is physioogc opetios imetio sexuiy ec) ws gic to xpct gous suts fm t is to of the optios pefome o mte. Ascticism pojected by the chemis o o me ws equie i fct, to tis of the ptos pfmd i he botoy This ogy bewee he wo mehos s subsied i foms of yog e h cssic yog of Ptji As o he iet ks of ic yog hei esembce o chemy is e cee Iee h hyogis d he Tiss m o tsmue hei boies io coupbe oes which hey c iie body dvadea, boy of gosis a dea pefec boy' dda-dea) o i oe coexs he boy ofhe oe ee i ife vuka) o his p e chemis pusues he smuio of he boy ems of ieiey poogig is youth sg suppeess I boh csesyog chemyhe pocess of e smuio of he boy compises ex peiece of iitoy eth esuectio cf my Le Ya pp. sq. I itio boh Tis chemis sie o omie me They o o wihw fom e wo s o he sceic metphysici bu em of coqueig i chgig is otoogic gme I sho hee is goo gou fo seeig i he ic dana i he wok of he chemis pe eos o fee hemsees fom e ws of Time o ecoitio hei exsece g bsoue feom The smuo of mes my be ge mog hose feoms which he chems succees i ejoyig: he ie ees cey i e pocesses of ue pak) i sese i cou ee b si th he coboes i is emp io I he pspecie of e SmkyYog eey spii T e ha o o ou te e gne a a Cta teolo
O
Th a h b
pusha) hch has attaed ts autoomy, berates therey fragmet of the paki, fo t llos the mtte whch co stutes hs body, hs physologcal ad hs psychometa lfe to eabsorb tself, to retegrat the prmordal mode of ture, ohe ords, absolue repose hus the tasmuta to operated by the alchemst precptates the tepo of the esurey chages of Nature pakti), d so dog helps hm to fre hmself from hs o desty just as the yog, by forgg a de body, delers Natur rom ts o las deed, he succeeds modfyg ts otoogcal sttu, trasmutg the defatgable becomg of ature to a paradoxcal ad uthkable stass (fo sss belogs to the mode of beg of the md a ot to the modaltes f lfe ad lg matter) Al ths s more easly uderstood f oe studes the deology symbolsm ad techques of alchemy the yogtatrc cotext, ad f oe takes accout of ceta Id sprtual pehstory embracg the belef megods, mag cas ad mmortals atrc yoga ad alchemy hae tegrated ad ge a ew sgcace to these myths ad yergs s, ha, Taosm ad alchemy hae doe wth a umber of mmemora tradtos We hae dscussed a preous study the tmate coecto betwee the deret Ia mystcal techques (cf. L oga, pp. 9 sq, t passim), so there s o eed to go to t aga here The probem of the hstorcal orgs of Ida alchemy has ot receed a dete souto Accordg to certa oretalst (A B Keth, Lders) ad most hstoras of scece (} Ruska, Stapeto, Rehardt ler, o Lpp ma), alchemy was troduced to Ida by the Arabs. They stress partcuar the mporace of mercury achemy ad ts ate appearace texts But there are other wrters (e.g 1 S ogpy E Le Yog pp 27 98 lo o
dia Ahy
Hon ho maintin tht mc i d ntiond in th Bo Manscipt dating fom th foth cnt of th psnt On th oth hnd s ddhst tts, at intas tn th scond and fth cntis dw attnton to th tansttion of as and os into god Aaaska Sra (scndfoth cn sas h ists a Hataka ic o ssnc. On a of thi soton can tansfom on thosand as of onz into p god. Mahpra?ramopadsha (tansatd nto hins in gis fth dtais B mans of dgs and ncanta tions on can chang onz into god B a skif s of dgs, si ma tansfomd into god and god into si B spiita stngth man can chang ca o ston no god' Fina, th Mahprapramhsra of Ngjna, tansatd ino hins Kmaa Bc and ths th f cntis fo th hda of Aa achm which gins with i in Han (ra A 7, conts among th siddh (miacos pows th tansmtation of ston into god and god into ston'. Ngna xpains hat th tansfomation of sstancs can achid oth hs (osah) and th foc of th samdh that is, oga (Eid, Le oa, pp 7 In shot, if in tansmtation, ik faith in th indnit poongation of hman if, pcdd, n India, th innc of th Aa achmists h atis of Ngna sas so ca nogh tanstation can ctd ith dgs o oga achm, as w ha sn, taks its nata pac among th mst athntic of th mstica tchniqs h dpndnc of ndian ach on Aaian ct dos not comand coniction Achmica idoog and pactis a t fond n th mix of asctics nd ogi who w t ntoch Isamic nnc whn t Msis indd ndia Achmica tants a spcia fond in thos gions
2
Th For ad th ruc
hr Isa has ar pntratdin Npa and th Tai contr Evn spposing that rcr was introdcd nto ndia Msli achists it was not a th roots of Indan alch As a tchniq and idoog parlll with tantrc oga t ha n n xistnc for svral cntris. Mrcr was add o th st of sstancs arad known to and sd Indan achists Exprnts wth rcr st howvr hav ld to a rdintar prchstr whch grada dvopd sid sd wh th traditiona Indian lch. t s look at so achical txts propr Apparntl ss oscr than th works of Wstrn achists th nvrthss do not rva th tr scrts of thir oprations. Bt it is scint for s that th illina th plan on which ths alchical xprints ar itatd and aow s to ddc th nds which th prsd Rasaratkara a trats attrtd to Ngrna ths dscrs th adpt ntlignt dvotd to hs work withot sin and astr of his passons Th Rasaratasamuccaya (II 0 s vn or prcis Thos who ar trthfl fr fro tptation ov th Gods and ar sfcontrolld and sd to iv pon propr dt and rginsch ar to ngagd in prforing chica opratons' (P. C Ra p 17 Th aorator st st p n th orst far awa fro all ncan prsnc (Rasaratamuccaya, in Ra I p Th sa txt (Book tachs that th discp st rspct hs astr and vnrat Shiva for ach was rvald th God Shiva hsf in addition h st ak a phals of rcr for Shiva nd participat in crtain rotic ritals (Ra I pp. 6 which clarl donstrats th achicotantric sioss phl Chd Ry A ndu Cem II p. I he wg
pge he eeeces e t the texts g d pishe y C Ry I shu e md ht C Ry, h s hmse ceeted hemst cp Mce Bee ve peeece thse s whch seeme t he es wth peems
ndian Ahemy h Rudayam anta clls Sha th god o f mrcry' (Ray II p I th Kuika anta Sha spaks of mrcry as hs gratg prcpl ad lads ts ccy wh t has d' ( dad s tms. h lco of Maheshaa (twlfth ctry gs a smlar cootato to mrcry y sg th rm Haraja (l. sm of Sha Moror crta tatras mrcry s rgardd as th gr atg prcpl for all cratrs As for th phalls of mrcry for Sha sral tatras prscr th mar of ts makg. Sd y sd wth th chmcal sgcac of th ato (or dath of mrcry thr s a prly alchmcal (yog tatrc mag. o rdc th dty of mrcry s qalt to th paradocal trasmtato of th psychomtal ow a statc coscosss wthot ay modcato ad hc wthot comg. I alchmcal trms, o or to kll mrcry s tatamot to atag to th itta ttiniodha (spprsso of coscos stats whch s th ltma am of yoga Hc th lmtlss ccy of d mrcry. h Suaa anta arms that y atg klld mrcry (natapsta) ma coms mmortal a small qatty of ths klld mrcry ca chag to gold a qaty of rcy tms as larg. Ev th alchmsts r ad facs ar capal of trasmtg coppr to god h Kkaandesaimata anta assrts that klld mrcry prodcs a thosad tms ts qatty of gold coppr tratd wt a crta prparato of mrry trs to gold (t rprodcd y Ra II p ) h Ruda am ( 0) dscrs th nasta-psta as g wthot rllac or dty lghtr tha qckslr colord tc. 1 P C. Ry, I 9 o Iod. O h iaio ad xao o mry
C d I , o ma o ii mal lly, . , 26 I 2 Yaaa Upanad ( o amo th yoi th alt o m iro or oh ml o od by ma i ih m; Ead Le Ya O Naapa too Rnaa : 19 (Ry I, . d Rarim 16
J
T For ad ruci
The sae wok ecaes that the aceica pocess of kiing ec was eveae Shiva an secet tansitte fo one geneation of aepts to anothe Accoing to the Rasaratasamuccaya, , 6, an assiiating ec, can voi iseases aising ot of the sins of foe existences Ra> I, p 8 The Rasaratara, I, J2 entions an eixi otaine fo ec which achiees the tansfoa tion of a han o into a ivine one Ra, I, p. ). n the sae text Ngjna cais he can povie eies against winkes, an white hai an othe signs of o age' Ra, II, p Minea pepaations act with eqa ecienc on ets as on the han o' (iid) This favoite etapho of nian acheists istates one of the fnaenta con ceptions ike the han o, etas can e pie an ae ivine' ecic pepaations which conicate the heang vites of Shiva, fo Shiva, to the whoe tantic wo, is the Go of eiveance The Rasaa ecoens that ec sho e appie st on etas an then on the han o f we ae to eieve the Rasadaya Tatra, che a even ce epos an estoe to o en thei pistine oth text in Ra, I, p These few qotations, which it wo e eas to tip, have scient iinate the chaacte of Inian ache it is not pecheist t a techniqe of the sae oe as he othe ethos of stie phsioog' eaate Hathaoga an tantis an psing a siia goathe tanstation of the o an the conqest of iet This eeges cea fo a teatise sch as the Rasdracitmai which gives the geatest ne of inications as to the pepaation an se of ki ec' Hee is the essentia C. te myt f t dotnl tnsmsson mong tntc JJha n Ed Le Yoga, pp 305 . 2 t uotd y Md n aJaa-a gah (Anndshm Se Ry
Ses
p
o
p
nda Amy
passag Whn qcks s k wth an qa wgt o p sph t cos on hn ts o cacos whn t s k wth twc ts wght of sph t cs posy whn k wth thc ts wght of ph t cs nta ango whn t s k wth o ts ts wght o sph t os gy ha an wnks whn t s k y ts ts wght o sph t cs con spton whn t s k wth sx ts ts wght of sph t cos a panaca o a th s that sh s h to (txt psh y Ray II pp 6 On appcats th ystica a of a ths opatons Th scntc o chca a s n t s known that n th conaton o cy wth sp th ax popoton s 2 pats to spcty o an ao ths popoton th xcss o sph s sat wthot conng. In th passag qot th atho o th Rasdraintmai ss th angag of chca xpnts o what a y coonpacs of agc cn an Hathayoga oncning th nsa panaca an naton Ths o not an of cos that th Hns w ncapa of scnt scos. ik hs Wstn oag th Inan achst w p th nts o a pchsty th ont h aanon th stcy tatona pan o fnc an app hs to th oct sty of phno na an xpntatn wth th a of coptng hs knowg of th popts of att. Hn schoas w capa of xact osaton an scntc thoght an sa o th scos w n aanc o thos of th Wst To ct ony a fw xaps thy cognz as fa ack as th twfth cnty th potanc of th coo o n th anayss o tas Accong to P Ray t ro t Rv . Ry p p . tr
t o R b d y Ry
Bloc e lcu
6
The oe a he Cr
mtagca pocsss w sci with gt accac Hin wits th cntis fo Agippa an Paa css. th phamacopoa, th Hins achiv impssv sts ong fo th Eopans, th ha g th n tna s of cacnat mtas Paacss was th st to t to impos th ntna s of sph of mc ths m ha aa n s n na n th tth cnt. As fo th ntna s of go an oth mtas, th s amp vinc fo this in nian mcin fm th tim of ghata Accoing to P. . Ra, na an akpan sh n th tanstona pio of nian micin g whch th s of mina sstancs gain th scnac ov th vgta sstancs of th pvos poch. antc nncs nvthss psst n th wok of ths two wits h commn gts an foma pca to th tantic ct Ra, , p v. t was in th a foowing th tantic po, which Ra cas th atochmica a, that poccpatons which can mo pop sci as scintc o mpica com into pa h qst fo th ixi an simia mstica actvts isappas to giv wa to aoato tchniqs Ra, , p x. h Raaataamuaya thitnth fotth cntis s a tpica pocton of this po. t s thfo a th mo signicant to mt tacs of tationa achm n wok of ths kn. Raaasamuaya gns wth a sataton to Go who scs hman ngs fo nss, o ag an ath Ra, , p. 76). hn foows a st of achmists, ncng th istos nams of th tantc masts (d., p 77) h tats commnicats th mstic oma mans of whch mtas ma p 1 C. ·p vl I p
59,
tx th h Yog h V
C I p 5 5 · h t ths u s hc pt s hh th
Rnu nr li xps
di Ahm
paks o th diamod which coqrs dath ad o th itra s o god, tc (a p 0 A this pros th prsistc o th spirita ctio o achm i a work as at as this ad which rthss icds a mr o prcis idicatios ad scitica xact dscriptios From tim to tim assrtios o th oowig charactr ar to od i achmica txts I sha gi pici o to sch procsss as ha a to ri m ow xprimts' O is stid i wodrig whthr ths xprimts ar pr chmica opratios o mr cocrd with tatricoachmica os For a compt asctic ad mstica traditio dris its athorit rom xpimt cotrast to what w ma ca th mtaphsica ad stract path, th importat spirita crrt which mracs oga, tatrism ad mor particar th hathaogic schoos accord cosidra wight to xprimt it is actig ad workig o th arios pas o his phsioogica ad pscho mta i that th ogi achis cocrt rsts which ad him grada to th thrshod o dirac From tims o th gratst atiqit a importat sctio o th dia spirta it appid its to xprimtatioth dirct, xprmta kowdg o a that costitts th ass ad procsss o th hma od ad th pschomta i Thr is o d to rca hr th cosidra rsts otaid th ogi i th cotro o th gtati sstm ad th mast o th pschomta ow As w ha arad otd, achm taks its pac th ramwork o th padia xprmta traditio t wod dod (aa) dt wt tudro d c o
Budd py codl rol tr yo; c d L a pp et ss A good dpo o o to ud wdy cud y I ly doptd y t gt Jr Hyy t vry popu A lcy ot drct R p o txt J
-nahd n1ouo flJ i cnb jacens,ig dr.
E P G R A M X X XI
le 6ictps gemn {x , n fru nja Aa oq hdJ t1ops: gCe nos on nd n Rn U Q od v ed. n ne e du u ' mnu n S� n :1 r tf. Mchael Mair, Srutinium cmi
e Hermaphodite like a dead m, ing in darkness h need
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Michael Mir, Scrutinum cmcum
' The Dragon and the Jman destr o another and cover themelve wth blood
Th Fo ad h uc
olow om ths that h alchmist who poclms th im potan potanc c o o pmnt s not th ncssail showing that h has a scintic min mi n n th mon sns o th tm H s smpl poclaimng his pat n gt Inian ttion as oppsd to oths, notal th scholastic o spcatv aion Th is no possi ot aot h a o th alchmca opatons th a not spclations conct xpimnts, ca o n aoatos on vaios minal an vgal sstancs Bt to nstan th nat o ths ths xp xpmns, mns, w tak tak into int o accon n o onl th alchm st's aim ai m an an his hi s havo w also hav to nstan nstan wha, in th s o th Inans ths sstancs co Th w not n, th psnt sags n th inxhastil mani mani stations o pmoial mat (pa) W hav a sv that pans stons, mtas as wl as th ois o mn, th phsiologica an pschomnta l w t int momnts o a sam cosmc pocss It was tho possi to pass om on sag to anoh o tansmt on om nto anoth Fthmo h opatona contact with th ssancs' was not wthot spital consncsas was th cas n h Wst om th tm whn scinc chmis cam nto ts own T wok acv on os an mtas was to toch pak to moi s oms, o ntvn n s pocsss Now Now n th th oogica nvs nvs n whch th th alchms woks, an whch s that o antsm, pakt s not on th cosmologca pncipl o classical Skha an oga pakt s th pmoa mo o th Goss o th Shakt. Thanks to th smolsm an tchns aoa tantsm, pakt coms accssl to mmat xpnc o t tantc v nak woman ncanats pakt an vals i. i . It is not a ston o cos o an otic o asthic x pnc Ina ha ong possss a who lita aling
dia Achy wih simia pincs B nism simas hat wih an appopa pschosomaic and spia taining, man can ha h ation o h pimodi mod o na b con mpaing h nd bod o a woman A his is qian o saing ha, as a as h ndian achmis achmi s is concnd, concn d, opaions on mna sbsancs sbsancs w w no, and coud ot , simp chmica pimns On h cona, h inod his kamic saion in oh wods, h had dcis spia consqncs It is on whn mina sbsancs h bn mpid o hi cosmoogca is and ha bcom inanimat obcs hat chmica scinc pop bcoms possib Sch a adica chang o pspci wod pmi h consiion o a nw sca o as and wod nd possib h appaanc (ha s, obsation and coding) o chmica phnomna Fo, in th h wods o th aiom da o modn sciniss, t th
ca ofau w�ch cat pha
Alchemy and Initiation
h to mak o st of th pcps a mthos mt hos of Axaa Axaa Aaa Aaa a Wst Wst
NOT
achm Th sjct s mms Th a w f to th cassc woks o Mac Bthot a Em vo pp a to th vstgatos of Js ska ska J R. Patg Patg to W. G F Shwoo Ta oh Ra W. Gam tc. ag m howv that ths wts ga achm as a moc stag of chmst. O th oth ha th s o shotag of woks whch achm s ook po as oth a opatoa a spta tch. Th a cos to kow mo aot th tatoa vw wo w to a th woks f Fca Eg ast J Evoa Axa vo Bs a R Aa to mto o th pcatos of th ast at at of th ct a a ag wth th tatoa achm ach m ca oct As o . G. Jgs pschoogca tptato t oms a chapt apat th hstoogaph o achm t s sct o o ppos to sg ot v cta achmstc smosms a opatos a to mo stat th soat wth th pmtv smosms a tchs k th th pocsss of matt o vw o of o f th pcpa socs s ocs of achm s to soght thos thos cocptos ag wth th EathMoth wth s a mas a aov a wth pern of mv 1 See Note M for esnial b b ogrphy ogrphy cor oy oy o my. 142
Ah h a add tati
ggd i iig fsio d smithcrft h coqst o ttr g vr rl, prhps i th plolithic g tht is s soo s m hd sccdd i mkig tools fro silx d sig r to chg th stts of mtt cs crti tchiqsil gricltr d pottrwr fll dvopd drig th olithic g Now ths tch iqs wr t th sm tim stris for o th o hd th implid th scrdss of th cosos d o th othr wr trsmittd iititio th crftscrts i i g g or o r th rig ri g of cl cl ik sowht tr tr ig ig d tllrg pt primitiv m ito vrs stpd i scrdss. t wold vi to wish to rcostitt his xprcs too mch tim hs lps sic th cosmos hs dsctd s rst of triph of xprtl scics. Modr m is icp of xpricig th scrd i hs dligs wih ttr t ost h c chiv sthtc xpic is cp o kowig mttr s r phomo Bt w hv ol to imgi comio mio o o ogr lit to h christic chr istic mts of rd rd or wi t xtdig to vr kid of sstc i ordr to msr th distc sprtig primitv rligios xpric fro th modr xpric of rl pho Not tht m primitiv socit ws still rid i Ntr powrlss to fr hims rom th imr stic prticiptios i Ntr totll icpl o logicl thoght or tii ti itri tri lor i th modr ss of h word. Evrythig Evrythig w w kow of or cotporry priiti pri itivs vs shows p th wkss of ths ritrr dgmts Bt it is clr tht thikig domitd cosmologicl solism crtd xpric of th world vstl dirt fro tht ccssil to odr o solic ikig th wor is ot ol liv t lso op oct is vr simp itslf s is th cs with odr cosciosss it s so
Th For ad h uc
a sgn o or a rpostor for, somthng s To tak on xamp th d d s somhng mor than a pach of arth t s aso h od of th EarthMohr th spad s a phas wh s rmanng an agrctra too poghng s at onc a mchanca' aor carrd ot wth manmad toos and a sxa non prscd for h hrogamos frtzaon rt zaon of h EarthMothr EarthMoth r Athogh t s s mposs mp oss for s to rv sch xprncs xprncs w can at an rat magn hr ct on th vs of thos who dd xprnc thm h cosmos ng a hrophan and han xstnc sacrd, work possssd a rgca va whch st srvvs, a oscr, among h rra popatons of contmporar Erop What s spca poran o mphasz s h posst gvn o prtv an o mmrs hmsf n th sacrd hs own work as a homo e and as a crator and anpator of oos hs prmorda xprncs hav n prsrvd and hand down hrogh nros gnratons hanks o h craftscrts n h gnra gnra xprnc xprnc of th word had n n modd mod d as a rst of chnca and ctra nnovatons foowng n th wak of an ranzd cvzaton (hat s, hstor n th f sns of h word, h prmord pr morda a xprncs xprncs nkd wth a sacrd cosmos wr prodca gvn a nw f ans mos pmtve pmt ve has aays n a om a etan pon o e, ma een the mos
'ho eng y eason o the a ha he as onone y the eoogy so oogy an eonomy pela o s aon. B o not h o speak o ths hs toty o man as a man o as a eng onone y tempoaly an te, t o a moe een an nney moe omple phenomenon namey, th enoe nvlemen o ene hmany n eens akn pae n a e ese egons o te goe. Ths s hat happene ae he sovey o agte an espeally ate te ystlaton o the eaest an laons n the anen Nea as om ha momen a hman e, hoee sange an emoe as oome o ego he onseqene o th hso events hh ee akng plae a the 'ene. The onseqenes sometme eme manes hosans o yeas lae they ol not n any ay e avoe hey ee pa o the hso aay th the soey hsny s posse poss e t say that man as esne esne o eome eome an aglal en o at any ate to e he nenes o al sseqent oees an nnoaons hh agte mae possle: omestaton o anmas, an vlzaon mtay oganzaon empe mpealsm mass as e. n othe os al mankn mank n eam eamee nvolv n he ave av e o some o ts mem meme es. s.
Ach ch a io io
45
o cratrts nd ntatons hav co across xaps o ntator transson rts aong nrs, strs n sths n th \st th prsrvd, rght p to th Md Ags (and n n othr parts o o th wor, p to th prsnt prsnt t, t , thr thr prtv prt v atttd s-s nras and tas Thr s an andanc o tston n th works on targ and th crat o th godsth n th ancnt Ornt to show that n o prt ctrs wr a to gan knowdg o an astr ovr attr A nr o tchnca tchnca prscrptons prscrptons hav co own to s so o whch at ro ro th sxtnth cntr c ntr B (g th Ers Pars Th a wth aoag ng and go copng (g th n an Stockho Papr atng ro th thr cntr Bc Hstorans o scnc hav rght phasz that th athors o ths prscrptons ak s o uantts an numrs whch wo prov n thr vw th scntc charactr o ths opratons t s crtan that th strs sths an astrgosths o ornta antqt cod cacat qantts an contro phscochca procsss o stng an aoag For a that w st rcognz that or th t h t was not so a targca or chca opraton a tchnq or scnc n th strct sns o o th wor wor Arcan Arcan an Asatc sths who s anaogos prscrptons wth th known practca rsts, wr not concrn wth th r practca aspct o th opratons th aso ha a rta aspct t wo thror nws to sng ot n thos ar gnnngs o GracoEgptan ach th prscrptons or th coorng o tas' no crat vn n at antqt as a sp tchnq Howvr advancd th dsacrasa ton o th cosos was at that t, th trads st rtan Tu, o s o-pal w o s a vzo Na Fa- s po o pak o hoy s o , , o ua odaos oda os d a a o o a a sos (o p o pvld l os) O po s r Ho ( ppa"o
h g ad h Cbl e a chaace hogh he hecal coex s o ecessa dcaed he pescpos The fac ems ha hsocal docmes allow s o dsgsh dsg sh hee peods peods he eggs eggs of GaecoEg GaecoEgpa pa lchem ( he peod of echcal pescpos ph losophca peod peod poal sheed sheed Bolos (2 he phlosophca de Medes (secod ce Bc , ad maf ma fesg sef sef he Phska Phska Ka stka aed o Democs ad a (3 he peod of alchemsc wgs pope ha of he apocphas of Zosmos (hdfoh cees ad he commeaos (foh o seeh cees. Alhogh he polem of he hstral rgns o f AexAexada alchem alchem s sl sl soled oe cod expla he sdde sdde appa ap paa ace ce of alch egg of o f he hsa alchmca mcall txts a he egg ea as he esl of he ecoe of d d eg ces ces.. O he oe had ha d hee wee he esoec esoe c ces ces epese epeseed ed he Msees eoPhagosm eoOphsm asolog he eealed wsdom of he Eas goscsm ec.ces h e wok wok of caed caed peope peope he he ellgesa asg fo m he ad o he ohe had hose asg fom popa ados whch aced as he he csodas of he adesec adesece e ad he he ve ace magcal ecqes. A sma pheomeo ma e oed ha wh he ade of Taosm ad eoTaosm ad Ida wh asm ad Hahaoga I he Medeaea wold p o he Alexada epoch hese popla dos caed o hs pme spa ehao The gowg ees oea wsdom' ad adoa scece 1 Te communiaton of 'tde-rets by wng s an lluson of mode hs toophy. f ndeed thee s a ltere hh lamed 'to evl the eres t s tnt eaue Bu n h mas o rngs e nee nd any ptl ndtons ndpene to the s a he ual moment a aste must to hand only only to onm the authenty of the expemen Stte f eseah on ths subjet th hoe of texts l ound n the e exo en by R . Fesre Fesre n L Rvo rigse pp sq
h ad a
47
d h choog o sscs, pcios sons nd s, chczs his pod o qy, so i sgd Fnz o nd R P P Fsgi To wh hisoic css w o i ih o pcc ch W sh po kow i s do whh pscpons o cong o ing god w h sg pon o ch s ooos discipi disc ipi Th His His O hd ihd is i s g gic ic chnqs o Msopoi d Egyp d s w kow h, sg wh h oh cny o h psn , h Msopois hd pcd h ssing o god To p o k p discip, whch dod h Ws wod o s, wh ps o con god s o og h xod knowdg o s d oys possssd h Ancins s so o ds h nc nd spi cpci Tsion, whch ws h pncp o Axdn ch, ws o, o, h h s o scc s i h ws, sd, o o h o hd o og o g o Gk phiosoph. B s dc dc o i h ch gd gd o xps xp s dk o d his n d o dos xp h o is dic d ic o o conci o spi chq nd sooog sng o o phosophic ho On h oh hd, wh h Gk d ppis is o scic ncs n xod ss o osion d g g Wh Wh siks s wh w d d h xs o h Gk chss s h ck o ns s s phsico chic pho cocd, in oh wods, h sc o h scinc spi As Shwood To ks No o who hd sd sph, o xp, od i o k h cios pho whch nd s sio d ssq ig o h iqd Now whi sph is niond hndds o s, h is o sio o y o
q8
h g a h Ccibl
ts chrctrstc proprs cpt ts cton on ts hs s n sh strong contrst to th sprt o th Grk scnc o cssc ts tht w st conc tht th chsts wr not ntrst n ntr phnon othr thn thos whch ght hp th to ttn thr obct Nrthss, w sho rr r w to rgr th s r goskrs, or th srgos n stc ton, spc o th tr works, consorts wth th sprt o th skr o rchs . W sh not n n ch n bgnnngs o a scnc At no t os th chst po scntc procr' h tts o th ncnt chsts show tht ths n wr not r ntrst n kng go n wr not c tkng bot r go t . h prct chst xnng ths works s br who sho tr t gt prctc norton ro work on Frsonr (Shrwoo or, ii I 8 thror, ch co not b born ro th sr to contrt go (go ss h bn known or t s tw cntrs, nor ro Grk scntc tchnq (w h jst sn h chsts' ck o ntrst n phsco chc phnon s sch w r cop to ook swhr or th orgns o ths scpn sui eers Mch or thn th phosophc thor o th nt o ttr t ws probb th o concpton o th ErthMothr, brr o broors, whch crst th n rtc trnst ton (tht s, oprt n bortor. It ws th ncontr wth th sboss ths n tchnqs o th mnrs, strs n sths whch probb g rs to th rst chc oprtos. Bt bo ws th prnt scor o th ii Sbstnc, sch s t ws t b th rtsns whch st h p th cs ro In, t w A f A, p . igi Gr y pp. � sq 1 .
a ia
h concpion of cmp a ramaic f Mar which consis origini o cm s oppsd o cssic Grk scinc On is nid o sppos h pric o amaic ws md possi h knowd o Grcoorin msris is known h snc o iniiion no h Msris conssd o prcipion in h pssion, dh nd rsrrcion o od r inorn o h modiis o his picp ion on cn concr h h srngs, dh nd rsrrcion o h God, rd known o h noph s mh or s hnic ior, wr comncd o him dring niiions, in n primn mnnr Th nin nd ni o h Msrs wr h rnsmon o mn. B pric o niior dh nd rsrrcon, h ni chngd his mod o ng (h cm immo) Now h drmic spcc o h srings, dh nd rsrrcon' o mr s vr srong orn o in h vr ginnings o GrcoEgpin chmisic irr Trns mion h magm ps which cmin in h Phosophr's Son, is chivd csing mr o pss hrogh or phss, nm, rom h coors kn on h n grdins: mla (ck), lksis (whi), ahs (ow) n isis (rd) Bck (h igr o mdiv wrirs) sm oizs dh, nd w sh rrn gin o his chmc sr B is imporn o mphsiz h h or phss o h p r rd mniond in h psdoDmocrin Phsika kai Msika (rgmn prsrvd Zosimos) h is, in h rs chmc wring propr (scon o rs cnr Bc Wi nnmr vriions, h for (or v) phss o h work (igr, a, ciriias, r, somms ras, somims caa pas) r rind hrogho h who hisor o Arin Wsrn hm. Frhrmor, is h msic drm o h Godhis S
Th org an th Crucb passio, dah ad sctiowhich s pojctd o o at i od to tasmt A i a, th achist tas his Matt as th God was atd th mstis h ia sstacs s, di o a o to aoh od of g, hat is a asmtd. g has daw atttio o a txt Zosios Tratse on Art I 1 2- which h famos alchst talks of a vso which h had i a dam A psoag amd Io vas o h hat h has pc a swod, ct ito pics, dcaptatd, scochd, d i , a of whch h sd i od to a o chag hs od io Spiit wakig, Zosos wods whh what h has s is ot ikd wth th alchca pocss of t comatio of wat wt o is ot th g, th modl mag of wat. As g has pod o, this wat s th aqua prmanens of h achmiss, ad his tos cospod to h opatio of sparato. t s ot that Zosios's dscpio calls ot ol th dismmmt of ioss ad oth dg Gods' of h Mstis (whos passio is, o a cai pla, cosl alld wth th dt ots of th vgal ccl, spca wth h tots, dath ad scto of th Sp of o, t tha t psts stkg aalogis wh th iiatio vsios of th shaas ad, i ga, with th fdamal pat of all pitv tiaios. t s kow that v iato copiss sis of a tss solizg th dat d sctio of th opht h shaac itiaios, ths odals, athogh dgo h scod stat, of a xt clt. Th f shama is pst, a dam, at hi< ow dismmt, dcapaio ad 1 C G. Jg D Vso ds Zosmos ( olum V d Wr d Bwt 17-216 . sq Th o h Vson s o b od M Bho Ct d t r (Ts 712, 1 1 1 C h gsh lao by F. Shwood Tyo . 82 Th t s sd hmcl wos s h dsmmbm o hmn bod C Jn t. o 1 27 O h o o ms d 2 1
h ad at ath I taks acct th vrsat th tatn atr a th cs arasm tw wkrs mtas, smhs a shamas rcts that th act Mtrra an gs mtargsts smths vr ra ha at thr ssa mstrs whch wr car t thm a razs that Zsmss vsn has ts ac that sra vrs whch th rcg ags hav attmt t trrt a An w s a st t masr th xtt th achmsts vat th prctd t Mattr th tatr ut surg haks t th achca rats, crrsng t th trtrs, ath rsrrct th tat th sstac s trasmt, tht s, attas a trascta m g t cms g G w rat s th sm mmrtat I Egt th sh th Gs ws v t g B cmg G, th sh Pharah as cam g Achmca trasmtat s thrr qvat t th rctg mattr r hrsta trmg t ts rmt. W hav s that rs a mtas wr rgar as vg rgasms: sk n trms thr gstat grwth rh a v marrag (c . 36 sq Th achmsts at a gav w sgcac t ths r mtv s. h achmca cmat shr a mrcr s awas xrss trms marrag Bt ths marrag s as a mstca n tw tw csmgca rcs. Hr s th vt th achmca rsctv: th Mattr Cf Eliae L aa s pa. C. G ng s aea shwn
e elansi eeen Shamanic inians an acemica smism. Cf Von Wu{ Bu, • C G Jn Pyolog u Al, 6 s. seaks f the eemn te alcemil in e alks f te aa , ie in mae ( Ne N is cncen gnsc n gin an sc was ceain hel ceain alcemss i s in wt the wle en f escalgl tg wic lminae in te cnin f cmic latn B in is eginnns a an e alcem i n sae e i aa u n mae scel es mae was cncie as te rra Ma
2
h rg an th Crucil
s no longr dsnad n rms of al hrophans as as n h olook of prm man has acqrd a spral dmnson n ohr ords, akng on h naor sg ncanc of drama and srng, mar also aks on h dsn of h spr. h naon ss' hch on h spral pan, clmna n frdom, llmnaon and m moral, clmna on h maral plan, n ransmaon, n h Phlosophr's Son Th urba Philsphrum xprsss r clarl h spral sgncanc of h orr of mals u cruciat
rs, cum in crpr submrgitur, rtit sum in naturam altrabilm ac inlbilm Rska consdrs ha o h Grk
alchmss, orr dd no corrspond o an cal opraon as smolc s onl h h Ara rrs ha orr has rfrnc o chmcal opraons n h stamnt f aar Sai, rad h dad ods ms orrd r and a h Ars of Sng n ord ha h ma r for ho srng or dah on canno ach rnal l Tor alas rogh dah' h mrtcati putrcti, nigr Thr as no hop of rsscang o a ranscndn mod of ng (ha s, no hop o anng o ransmaon, ho pror dah Th alchmcal smolsm of orr and dah s somms qocal h opraon can akn o rfr hr o man or o a mnral ssanc n h gra supr Librum urba rad Tak a man sha hm and drag hm on o h son nl hs od ds (acc hminm, tn um, t trah supr lapim n crpus ius mriatur 3 Ths amaln smolsm prmas h hol pus alchmicum. s mporan hrfor o apprca s sgncanc li Rsa hilosophom i Beitrg r Geschte Jer lcheie
p 68
Rk bhe lhee I p.
ts ee (asiae 9), vo p 9 uo b g Pshologe J hee \ n
Acana Ats opatonal lvl, dath' cosponds sa t th A black colo (h gredo) takn on b th aos ngdnts
t was th dcton o sbstancs to th matera prma to th massa cousa, th d, shaplss mass cospondng on th coologcal panto chaos Dath psnt gsson to th amophos, th ntgaton o chaos Ths s wh aqatc smbolsm pas sch an potant pat On o th achsts' maxms was Pom no opaton tl all b ad wat.' On th opaonal lv, ths cosponds to h solton o pd gold n aqua rea. Kchwg th pposd atho o th urea Catea Homer (73a wok whch, ncdntal, had a gat nnc on th ong Goh wts Fo ths s ctan, that al nat was n th bgn nng wat, and thogh wat al hngs w bon and agan thogh wat all thngs st b dstod' Th alchmcal gsson to th d stat o matt cosponds, n th cosmologs, to th pmodal chaotc sta, and n th naton tas, to th dath o th tat. h alchms also obtand soltons b placng sb stancs n h c bath n h wods o Stak Enas C xms Jg yholoe Ahee s C. Jo R, elu o Chey 2 O au ee s s o y op. . . 32 s. o y R. D. y Goeh he Ahe Cm 9j2) 1.
54
he g ad th Cucble
Phaehes, the a o o the posst o tasto s the posst o the ecto o a etas, a sch Meas whch ae o etack pcpes, to the st eca atte' A teatse atte to Aphoso, Kg o Potga', states o ssoto s o othe thg that the o e e aga to ostess The st est o ths wok s the o ece to wate, that s to Mc, that s what the Phosophes ca soto whch s the oato o the wok' Acog to ceta wtes ssoto s the st opeato accog to othes t s ca cato the ecto to the aohos Fe owee that a e the est s the sae eath Ths acheca ecto to the pma matea a e tepete a geat aet o was ota t a e eqate wth a egesso to the peata state a egessus ad uteum Thee s sppot o ths ea sos a coex ste aoe whch t s wtte that eoe sg go the pus t s ecessa to ece t to spe' The as male, o whch Ma the Pophetess pocae that the whoe acheca secet ese thee s a o matx o uteus o whch w e o the lus pls phum the aos Stoe' (Jg Pslge und leme, p ) The ase ak to the wo o Go the ase o e geato,' wtes Do Accog to Paacess, he who wo ete the Kgo o Go st st ete wth hs o to hs othe a thee e' he whoe w, accog to the sae wte st ete to ts othe whch s the pma matea the massa na the G Sakey Rpey Revv (nn 678 p J qute by Gay o p 6
C hn ea o . p J7· e /oo meee n o neceao e dc em tet epce by' G abne Se n oke de mk e de alit (Rome, 1925 ) p. 7• D hy Tme Tem Cemkm v I Ue 162 pp 057) 30 ue by u cooe nd Acheme p 32
Aana t
au, n od o achv n. ohn Podag has ha h Bain Mai s h pac h matix, and h cn whnc h dvn nc ows om s sc and ogn' In h vss pshd as an appndx o h Opu Mao aatum t Thoophum (7) Gog von Wng w ma ad Fo I canno ohws ach h Kngdom o Havn nss I am on a scond m Tho I ds o n o h moh's wom ha I ma gnad and hs I w do gh soon' Th us ad utum s somms psnd n h om o ncs wh h moh Mcha Ma s s ha Dphnas an anonmos phosoph n hs as Srtus Maximu spaks v c o h moh who ms o naa ncss n hs wh h son' (um o x ntat natua ounda). B s ovos ha h moh smos n hs dn conxs na n h pmoda sa h pima matia o h achmss and ha h n o h moh' ansas a spa xpnc cospondng o an oh pojcon' osd Tmn oh wods o h ngaon o a pma saon Th dssoon o h pima matia s aso smod a sxa non whch s compd dsapaanc no h s In h Roaium Phioophoum w ad Ba mond Gacs and ncosd hm n h wom n sch a ashon ha nong o hm mand vs Quoed y Gy, op c J 2 C he eer wre y Joh Podage -6 og he opu ad addred o h oo ae Leade eodued y C G ug Di yco
logie begug.
Quoed y Gy op , 26 wa Fue vo Keeeg who
16 had urged he you Goee o ead he
Opu Mgo-bbliu
Goehe oud e oo oure d omehe'; Gy 4 Bu he ealy ead he aed ( iJ. p 1 he heml ymom o he e o h Moher aar Goehe ae oe wok Gy 22 q See ao eade vo Beu, yi u Hiu, 16 q O he Goehea ymom o he Gag zu de Mer ee Elade Miu Rgi (Buh 142 . 16 q Mae bol u uo iou (Fur 6) . 44 oed y Ju cologi u e, . 4 S oo J Evoa io i 7 q. (lco loofl
P·
h rg ad h Crcbl Sh mracd hm wth so mch lo hat sh asord hm nt nto own nat Nam Ba ascd spr
Gabrcm, cld m s r qd l ps dr ps d aq amr amplxaa s Gabrcm qd psm m s aram ccp Sch a smolsm
natrall lnds tsl to nnmral ntptatons. h Bath o Mar s not on th matr o th dn tnct (s ao, p 5 t s also th smolcal psntaton o th wom n whch ss was on h ncarnaton o th od n th adpt m thro gn as soon as th alchmcal ngrdnts o th Ban Ma nt nto a stat o son nd rntgat th prmorda stat o matt Ths tn to prmal mttr s ssocad wth th brh o hst as wll s wth hs dah From dnt pons o w J Eoa and G Jng ha commntd ptnntl on th smolsm o ntaor dath as sn n th grd th prc and h dssl t s ncssar to add tht th dssolton and ntgaton o chaos s an opaton whch, what th contt, psnts at ast two ntdpndnt sgncatons cosmologcal and ntator E dath s at onc a n tgaton o cosmc nght and pcosmologca chaos At man dnt ls, darknss psss th dssolton o oms, th tn to th smna stag o stnc E crato' appaanc o oms, o, n anoth contt, an accss to a transcndnta l, s pssd a cosmo logcal smo As w ha rpatdl pontd ota th, a cnsrcton, a sptal craton, alwas has th sam
Rosum Phlosophoum (A Aae I pp• 038, p oed g op. . p. 9 . As Be w e se G hs ppee he
wom es he sm vle e phsph e See ls C. H se Wlm Bese Swllwe (Ax V 99 pp -33 pp 3-• • R. D. G p pp. J- 3 El L a{oe eme p s C G. g, Psyholo u he pp s. . he Psyholoy ofhe asene pp. s.
An Art
57
mpa i h coogon his accous o p cia in so man in cuus of h comonc m o on on Ya's Da (hn h o is smoica ca an o hn a n ing is nhon o on h occason of maiag a c u so in h cas o saing a han has o hang sic man h po foun sgnicanc of a hs iuas sms aunan ca o d somhng o o rmak a iing ingi mnac sicknss i is s ncssa o go ack ad rgim, hn o pa h cosmogon Iniia ah an msc knss hus aso possss a cosmoogica signicanc h signif h ingaion of h s sa h gmina sa of ma an h sucion' cospons o h cosmic caion In mon minoog niiao ah aoshs aion an Hiso an is us fom a faius an sins' I is us fom h aags inspaa fom h human conion n his spc h achms as no an innoao \hi skng h matria prima h pusu h ucion of su sancs o hi pcosmognic sa H kn ha h cou not achi ansmuaion if h s as his saing poin foms' aa on im In h niiao con s souion' man ha h inia as ing' as fa as his pofan on fan isnc as concn ha cosmic nigh as compa o ah (aknss as as o h gssion ad trum is somhing hich mgs o fo h hso of igions an fom h achmca s aa quo \sn achmiss inga hi smoism ino hisian hoog Th ah of ma as sanc h ah of his ho assu is mpon ung hs iian poun h hsPhiosophs Son C Ed d o o
Ta J'Hto J Rlo .
1
The Fore and he rule
paasm a th ag thoog whch mps t s ssta that w sa th pa o whch th achmca opato os Wtho shaow o ot, th Axaa achmss w om th v gg war that psg th pcto o mts th w psg th ow pcto h Ler Plaon uarorum (th oga Ac o whch caot at tha h th ct gvs gat mpoac to th paasm w th opu ahymum a th xpc o th apt Thgs a pct h smas a tha s wh th opato mst tak pat h opato (oppore opera orem neree oper) Th sam txt comms th s o a occpt as th vss o asomat cas th sk s h posto o thoght a tt (o ap a maon oaon e neeu o Jg, op p. 36 3 Th ap mst asom hms to a Phoso phs So Tasom os om a stos o vg phosophc stos wts Do (ramuemn de lapdu moru n o apde phloopho; o 1 S spll Pycholog und Ahee pp. 69 sq. Alt Smdt s pnt t Cstlsps Stn plllsm mst ltsl pfss t f t n t nsmmt gnm Ops ( gnn mt) mst ps t gnn f t wn ss s gnss tmpts t ssm Cstn sp. st s n d vs mtt ds n s n pft s ws sls f smng t mt d, t n n d t l n Gd lf f sts. n tns sw pd n nfmng t Css xmpl f H n d t vm dt t xpn pt, dts t. F tm f mttn f Cst s nt nl m f sp lf mns f gltg s f mtl pns, wn st wl mn t wnwn ws f t pl "pt t gn f t t gnd nd d pps t t mt nd t s. A sml lt vtlsm stms Gs t n n . Poe en ue en Fra au XI le p 3 9 Cf. ls v La rad_one era pp. 6 S A n Hns, Alhey hld of Gree Phlophy pp - Ang t Hpns t st Alxndn mss v tmslvs t n mts t dgn f slv n gd mpssng pn t s (f mts 'vltl spt bd p 69, .) Wv m gt f ts s vs t t t (t mp vtl sp n t s pspps lgs stmn f mtt nd nsn s ll sgnn f op alhy t n Pyhologe d Alhe p. 36
rcaa Ais
I
ng p n 1 And Mons ddsss is n th oowng ts to Kng Kd: Fo ths sstnc tht s th on whc concs th dn sct, s xtctd o o nd o ts o (tht s th crd ttr th th dpts] nd t n o nd to spk o ccty o o th tk t (qotd Jng p 42, n 1 . Fo hs pt Gcht wts concnng th opton aled whch n ctn conxts dsgnts th st htc tnstton tht o d o copp nto s: W c not on nw So wth ths gnton t so nw od Ths od s xtctd o th Dn Wod o o th hn Soph t s o spt thn th A kn to th s o th Sn whch pntt ods nd s dn o th od od s th spndnt Sn s o h dk th nd thogh t ns n th od od ths od cnnot conc t n thogh t sots t n shot th Wst chst n hs oto k hs ndn o hns cog wokd pon hspon hs pschophsoogc s w s n hs o nd spt xpnc A txts g n phsng th t nd qts o th chst H st hth h ptnt chst hs nd st nd n hon wth hs wok h st ntgnt nd scho h st wok, dtt p, tc t s oos tho tht t s not qston o xpnts condctd n th oto h chst st no hs copt n hs wok t ths qts nd ts st not ndstood n p o sns n th chst th h th s ncton s ptnc ntgnc qnt tc, h n th tntc dhaa o n th nott pod pcdng ntton to th Msts Whch s to s tht it Toop Pr� II ut v L TrJn r
p Cg t ptl st s C. Dll Rv Mondo Mgo Jg Hro (stmp B 3 p 3 s • g ,D t. PP· J67 Smil ists v t i t f C lmts v pp s
The rge ad the Crucle
o v o dto cod dsps wth th tao xpc, whch ao was capa o opatg th a mpct tasmtato W a o cos qt goa o th xac at o h cca xpc whch o th achmst was qvat o otag th Phosoph's So o th Ex Excssv pox a that cocs th pmas ad vaos phass o h pus achmca tat maks o cptc ad, o th most pat, comphs asos t th msterum magum. Bt w a ght sstg o th tdpdt atoshps tw maogca smosm, mtagca ts, th magc o ad th s th atca tasmtao o mtas o god opatos whch pac hos o Nat ad tm w tak to acco th cos coco tw hs achm ad oTaost tchs, tw da achm ad tatsm , shot, th Axada achmsts dd, as sms poa, pojc o o ma sstacs th tato spctacs o th Msts t coms poss to ptat to th at o achmca xpc. Th da achms povds s wth a po o compaso: h woks o ma sstacs od o cas' ad to awak' hms, o, oth wods, to t to posssso o ths dv sstacs whch w doma hs od. Th Wst achmst davog to k th gdts, to dc hm to h matera prma povoks a smpathea tw h pathtc statos' o th sstac ad hs most g. oth wods, h as, as t w, som tato xpcs whch, as th cos o th pus pocds, og o h a w p soat, compaa to th o whch s achvd at sccss dgog th odas otato Hs patcpa to th phass o th pus s sch hat th gred, o xamp, pocs o hm xpcs aogos to hos o
Acaa Ats th opht th tato cois wh h fs swowd p i th of th ost, o id, o soica sai th asks ad asts o iitiatio' It is ot possi i th spac of a fw pags to giv a dtaid dsciptio o th pus alchmcum. No a wits awas i agt cocig th od of opatios. Bt it is tstig to ot that th cun ad th sig dath is so tis pssd i ts of hs gams th two picips th S ad Moo, g ad Q, it i th c ath ad di this is th ngd) thi so aados th to t at ad giv ith to th lus phlsphum th adogos ig Ris which poiss th iit attait of th Phiosophs Sto This od of opatios is sggstd i th Rsaum Phlsphum a sis of gavigs, o th itptato of which Jg has dvotd th of hs Pschlg d bagug. W st phasiz th ipotac accodd th achists to th ti' ad siist' pcs of ackss', of spiita dath, of dsct ito h. Not o a th costat fd to i tts, t th ca dtctd i th at ad icoogaph ispid ach, wh this sot of pic is tasatd sati sois, acho, th cotpatio of sks, tc Th g of hoosSatsoizs Ti th at Dsto, dath uct) ad ith Sat, so of Ti, is oft pstd hodig a aac Th ipotac of th sois of th Baac i hts ad ach is w kow s istatio, p. 34 Rad, Plud Chs). Th istios J i Ha s aso th atho of a Bk Balas. Oght ot o to s i 1 G F Hlub n is Spuren alemscher Symbolk n er Kun de zGjands t utgcit 17 2-4 1 O t yl of t Bc Jb H ob du Glu Jb bn Hyy (nosjrb 1 50, 7
h org ad h Crucil t m of th Bc' whch ds thm omsc d cot h fmt wth th wok of Tm (purcio dh whch dsos om gu rmam) h wsdom' d xc fo ho who h tcpd th xpc of dth t th hght of f oght o ot to s hs h xpto of th fmo t mcho of th mg d achms B ht s t m w shod o fogt h h costc costcd B t wth h tm iriol mphs th mpc csst of h dcu ad iro Via riora Trra ccado i Occulum Lapidm t th o of h Eh d pcto tho wt d th c So' Th phs whch foows th igrdo tht th wok wht' h lukoi, h aldo po cospods o h pt p o co xpssd h smpto of ct st of coscoss ccss o th td (O th oto t s th phomo of ogto' whch foow th purc) Th wo sqt ph h ciiria d h rudo whch th commo of th chmc opo d cmt th Phosoph's So fth dop d fof h w c cocoss W shod k to ss h pdoxc chct of th gig d th d of h opu alcmicum O ts wh h maria prima od mt o h Phoophc Sto oth ssc df pcs dcto cosqc o of th t' t h of h pply Hlu lv op. cit p 3 lg xg
yl Dr Mlancola u l by x Pw) x lbdo rbdo vwpt wll u Evl Trdn mt pp 6 pyg pr wl b u Jug Psyolog dr brtragng Arc pp 7 ) l Alb , La Po Scinu n Frn a V l pp.
Ara Ars proixit. ndee the snonms empoed or ara pra are nmeros: the Lexc Aheae o Martin Rand (Frankr 6 recors more than t and en this st is ar rom exhasti As or th prcise character o the aera pra, t oo es a ntion Zacharia wrot that thogh it is not an error to ca or matter' spirita it is not ne to care i corporea To ca it ceestia wod e to gi it its re nam thogh errestra' wo e eqa xact As Eoa st oseres in connection with this txt we are not deang with a phiosophic concept t a smo the mpication is hat the achems taks on the gar o Natre su spee nterrtat (p ct, p. 3. Hnce the gra nmer o snonms or atera pra Som achmists identi it wth sphr mercr or ead othrs with the Water o oth heaen mother moon ragon ns chaos or een wth the Phosopher's Stone or Go This iq o he atera pra orrespons in er wa wh ha o he Phiosopher's Sone. For i the Stone represens the n pint o a aos operation (know tha his s a er ong path lngsia a, he Rsaru warns s i s aso exrme accessie in is o e ond eerwhere Rpe (c 0 wrtes: The phiosophers sa hat h rds an shes rng the Ston to s ach man possesses it it is erwhere in o n me in a thngs n ime and n space presents se n as ise ( gura). An rom t springs or aua perns. According o a tex date 6 in he Glra d, the Sone is amiar to a men oth ong an o is on in the contr n he iage an in the town n a hings create Go e it is espise a. Rich an poor hane it er a t is cast nto he sre srat mais
1 For dt pm mea w Gd d Al r
t do c J op Ac d Qud Jug Pologe u1 lchme p 42
)
Th rg th Crucibl hide pa with it et o oe pizes it thogh ext to the hma so it is the most eatif ad most pecios thig po eath ad has powe to p dow kigs ad pices Neetheess it is esteemed the iest ad meaest of eath thigs . . . eaig aside the ich smoism o this Stoe we ma add that the iqit ad iesait of the Lapis Phsphrum ae a fdamea theme i achemica iteatre. A sma ook which apeaed i odo i Th Nams f th Philsphrs St ecods oe tha 7 ames fo it amog which ae the igi's Mik the Shade of the S D Wate Saia of the Moo etc Peet i his Dictiair mthhrmiqu (Pais 77, gies a icompete aphaetica is of aot ames A fagmet attited to Zosimos speaks of this Stoe which is ot a stoe a pecios thig which has o ae a thig of ma shapes which has o shapes this kow which is kow of a. B as Hotas wites qoted the Rsarium Philsphrum o he who kows how to make the Phio sophe' Stoe destads the wods which eate to it'. Ad the Rsarium was s that these qestios mst e tasmitted mstica (tals matria bt trai mstic), jst as poet ses faes ad paaes Accodig to some thee was ee a oath ot to dige the secet i ooks'. What we ae deaig with hee is a secet gage' sch A oou c o h luu uu, n mportt ymbom hm
m (c. Hlb , pp 296 .). obably an luo o the pontnty n cty o h u< lu hch mut b pomd tuly chd gm h chmcl ymbom b h th mg o th h Go A. W Muu Elg oon 89) p R lu C Quo by R c . 29 Quot by Jun lg Ubgug Amc n. p 28 •
Ju g, ihid., p. 286, n. 1 5.
Zh Snor od by Jug p. t., p. 5 . 7· Ag d Nthm
lo p o th th o lc . p 215 d ot 7 h ct lnguag dy mpoy Moomn chncl cp o h ghth cnty BC . R J ob u g 9 ) p . On td c c ., . 1 7
Arn Art
as w t aong th shaans and sct socts and aong th stcs of th tdtona gons Ths sct angag s at onc th xpsson of xpncs not othws co nca th d of da spch nd th cptc concaton of th hddn anng of sos W st aso pont ot that ths padoxca qt and naccsst of th Phosophs Ston nds on of th gna actc of thngs sacd Th hophans owng to th fact that th anfst th sacd chang th ontoogca g of thngs as o nsgncant a ston a t a sta as soon as th ncopat th nt of th sacd co pd thos who tak pat n ths gos xpnc Th achst's gnc on anoth spta pan wth th ad of th Phosophs Ston a copad wth th xpnc of th hm gss who asssts n th tans taton of th cosos th aton of th sacd Th paadox of th hophan conssts n th fac that t anfsts th sacd and ncanats th tanscndnta n a as thng' n oth wods t ngs aot a ak n Th sa paadox s dnt n th Phosophs Ston t s ond th cophnson of th nntatd thogh chdn a pa wt t o sants thow nto th stts athogh t s wh t s aso th ost s of thngs Achca xpnc and agcogos xpnc sha coon o anaogos nts Th s of gos ts Wstn achsts was not ncssa a safgad aganst cns th hch Th ps ahmm had pofond anaogs wth th stc f Gog on Wng wts that o ntnton s not dctd towads tachng anon how to ak god t towads sothng ch hgh na how Nat a sn nd cognd s
L Caa 9 L Yoga 9 d c J l Eta t Lagag Sc. too Rn Alau pt J l Jt 9 1 S Eld
166
Te ge and the Cuibe
cmg m Gd ad Gd Nate A dscpe Paacess swad decaes that achemsts ae h me wh vte the eck Spt have tasted the s ts the Resect ths e ad have had a etaste the eesta t' the md ma achemsts the pcg the Phsphe's Ste s eated wth the peect kwedge Gd Ths meve s wh the Ste makes psse the detcat ppstes Accdg t Bas aete ev mst ecme the same as gd' Stake desces the Ste as the ecat taes a makg edshp etwee eemes' (texts ted Ga p it. p 3 4) We ae hee ace t ace wth the ve d smsm the identia ppsitum vesa wdespead we attested pmtve stages cte ad whch seved me ess t dee th the dameta eat (the Ugund) ad the paadxca tate the ttat the peect ad cseet the sacedess Gd Nevetheess the st vte the Ste s ts capact t tasmte metas t gd the wds Ad Vava ee ades Nate a ceta pe matte whch eg dscveed ad ght At t peect cvets t tse a mpeect des that t tches' (ted J Read p. it p 9 Hee the ve mch ave s the pmtve da that the Ste the Ex cmpetes ad smmates the wk Nate ate Sme da a wte hs Speulum mn hmae Ths at teaches s t make a emed caed the Ex whch eg ped mpeect metas peects them cmpete ad t s ths eas that t was veted' Ad a achemstc dex stded
1 ece to the Op MCbbaliiu uoe y R D Gy, Goehe h
Alhi p 9.
Ow Co hilphy Refe a Ipve (oo )
p
oe y Gy op i. p uct the y o he Uesy o Bolo, uoe y G Coe,
ei oe ell hiia e el 'alha i al, ·
Aaa Ats y aroni s s ha hs ar i ha n r conc y Nar no h scra o h Earh an ha no narny n ix wh pris wo ha n h Hoy Sn an h Moon (p. t. p . Th noon ha h Son accras h pora rhyh o a organiss an qckns growh is o on n h Patue y y In sprng y is gra an aros ha h Son rings i o h pans i ho isso h qian o a gran o a in war ang ro hs war nogh o a nsh an hn ho war wh i a insock hy nsock w ring orh p graps n May' Araan achss wr h rs o ascr hrapic propris o h Son an i was hrogh Araan achy ha h concpion o h El Vtae ca o h Ws. Rogr Bacon, who acay sng h xprsson spaks in his Opus aus o a icn which gs r o ipris an a shs ro os as a can wash ncan hngs ro h oy an prns cay o h oy o sch an xn ha proongs i y sra cnrs'. n h wors o Arno o anoa h Phosophr's Son crs a aas n on ay i crs a aay which wo as a onh n w ays a sicknss whch wo as a yar an a ongr on n a onh. rsors yoh o h o.' Th achica concp o h Eixir which ha co o h Ws ia Ara wrrs sppan h yh o h iracos hr or rnk o oraiya yh o on aong a Eropan pops ro aris s, an whos anqiy s yon o Th Eixr was hror a noy in Erop ony o h xn ha i was n wh h achica pus an h Phiosophrs Son. gme eue W. Gzeme L u oye Age O he El me g Wese em ee . Ru D Bu der
Alun und S sq L L d Alun d S we eu tue t Rz. es qut Gzeme . 18
A e he
h og ad h Cib Moo, as was to pctd, th imag of t Sto al itgatd a t magical lis Th ma who caid t Sto was dmd to ivlal ad th Book of the V Ho i tlls s that th Sto hld i th palm o th ad ds th hod ivisil. f it is sw i li d th i wo tightl od th od so that t Sto coms hot, th o ma aisd to th ai as high as o dsis od to dscd it is scit to la th i slightl W ca cogiz th amos siddhi of th ogi ad th dia alchmists iisiilit, vtatio magic ight (s aov, pp. 127 sq Yoga, lik shamaism, pacs thm amog t miacos pows sid si with mast o that dos ot cssal impl t oital oigi of t pows o t Eopa magcias ad alchmists Miacs o t faki tp w kow i Eop wh t v poal divd fom a ocal tadito this cas as i tat of t Elii alchm m took th plac of v old lifs whic had thi oots i phisto
1 e y Gnzenme p 9· On thi tet see Deni Dveen L Lr d a Tr Sa Trn Am 948 pp ee Ee L Ya p 6 s 4 n Le hamanm p 6 s 3 See La hmanm . 8
z5 Ahemy and Temporali
th ssta fw pgs w of cos mak o cam to hav stad mts of so vast a sct so ma spcts o
whch a a cosd ook to s O tto was ot to smmaz th hsto of Asatc ad Wst mtag ad achm W had o oth ppos tha to oow th dvop mt of a w smos ad mths oshoots of thos pmtv tchqs thaks to whch ma assmd a gowg spos t towads matt If o aass ad tptato a w fodd achm poogs ad cosmmats a v od dam of hm ar coaoato th pfctg of mtt wh at th sam tm scg pcto fo hmsf W hav dscid som cpa phss of ths coaoato ad w sha ot ow t to t O commo acto mgs fom a ths ttatv pogs takg po hmsf th spost of chagg Nat, ma pt hmsf th pac of Tm that whch wod hav qd ma o aos to p th dpths of th ath th mtagst ad achmst cm to a to achv a fw wks Th fac spsds th tc matx t s th tha th moos compt th gowth h as mal o th achmst hs facs hs tots, pa a v mo amtos o. Ths pcs of appaats a at th v ct of a to pmorda chaos of a rhasa of th cosmogo. Sstacs d thm ad a vvd to
69
h rg a th Crcib a rasmd o god W hav sc rogh o h spra aspc o h achmca oprao o a poso o cosdr ro h osd as a davor amd a h modcao o Mar I hs aspc o h work h oprao was a coao o h aspraos o h art o prhsorc ms who pad wh r ordr o chag Nar o ca w orms sho o coaora wh h raor o prc hs crao. Th hca r o h Arca smhcghro has os h rgos sgcac aachg o margca work h sa Smh as w hav s comps crao orgas h wod as h odao o cr ad gds hma gs owards h kowdg o h msrs I s hrogh r ha Nar s chagd ad s sg ca ha h masry o r assrs soh h cra progrss whch s a oshoo o marg ad h pschophsoogca chqs whch ar h ass o h os ac magcs ad kow shamac msqs. rom h m o hs vr prv phas o cr r s sd as h asmg ag: h coms o h shamas procams ha h hav go od h hma codo ha h hav somhg o h codo o sprs (hc h ra sg o h rtricks corms ad sashs h shamas psg. As a srm o asmao r aso pas s par cra aos cra racs o whch prss v Gk mh ad gd. I s poss ha h o cao s sod h hop o rasmao r I a hs magcorgos coxs h asr o r dcas h rs wha w sha dsga a a arspra h shama ad ar h og or sc a spcass h so h md h . A x r copx smosm assocas h g r hophas wh h sws ams o sc ov ad
Acmy ad mpra
with th minos manifstations of th diin as w as wih th innab combstions' and passions of th so At man s am dazzing ight inn hat xpss spita xpincs th incanaion of th sacd th poxi mi of God And so ik th achmists th smts and smiths too w masts of ' A b aiding th wok of Nat accatd th tmpo of things and in th na insanc w sbstittes fo Tim itsf Th achmists not of cos a awa that thi wok' did th wok of Tim Bt this is not impotant: th ssntia poin is that ti wok tans mtation inod in on fom o anoth th imination of Tim n th wods of Bn Jnsons chaacts
Sut!
Th sam w sa of ad and oth mtas which wod b god if th had tim Mammo And that O At doth fth S p Bt stong in th conicton that th w woking in con jnction with God th achmists considd thi wok as a pfcting of Nat toatd if not ncogd b God Fa mod hogh th w fom th ancint mtagists and smiths th nthss contind th sam attitd vi-v Nat Fo th pimiti min as fo th Wstn achmist Na is a hiophan t is not on ai' it is aso diin it has at ast a diin dimnsion t is mo o thanks to this sacd ait of Natad in th st' aspct of sbstancsthat th achmis thoght h cod obtain his tansmting agnt th Phiosoph's Ston as w as his Eixi of mmotait W sha not t to th sbjct of th initiato stct of th op mum Sc it to a that th fing of Nat fom th aws of Tim wnt hand in hand with th dianc o th achmist hims n Wstn achm mch at th
172
Th Fog h i
dmpton o o Nt s s dmons dm onsttd ttd ng coptd copt d th dmption o mn hist. hi st. Th Wstn chmst comptd th st stg o th ncint nc int pogmm, pogmm, gn gn homo homo th momnt h ndtoo to tnsom Nt which om os w ponts h gdd s scd o cp o ing d s scd Th concpt o chmic nsmttion s th os consmmtion o th in th possiit o chnging Nt hmn os os which ws hd som igic signcnc) Th Th si si o o th chmsts chmsts doog dos not com immdt idnt st whn chm disppas om th pgs o hso nd ts mpic aid chmc knowdg is ing intgtd into chmst Th nw scnc o chmist mks s on o thos mpiic ds cois which do not psnthow nmos nd impotnt on m sppos hm to th tu spiit o chm W mst not i tht th timph o xpi mnt scinc dcd to nogh th dms nd ids o th chmist O n th cont cont ,, th idoo i doog g o th nw poch cstid ond h mth o innt pogss nd oosd th xpimn scincs nd h pog pogss ss o indstiition whch domintd domint d nd inspid th who o th ninnth cnt, tks p nd cis owaddspi its dic scitonth minn dm o th chmist is in th spcc dogm o th nintnth cn ccoding to whch mns misson miss on is to nsom nsom nd n d impo pon N nd com h mst h w mst ook o th hntic contintion o h chmists dm Th ision's mth o th pction, o mo cct, o dmption o Nt sis, in cmogd om, in th pthtic pogmm o th indsti socits whos m is th tot tnsmttion o Nt, s nsomtion ino
h n Tort
rg It s i ths tth ctr doiatd th phsicochca sccs ad th psrg o dstr that sccds sppatg Ti Hs dsir to accrat th atra tpo of tigs a vr or rapd ad ct poitto o is, coads ad ptro dposts gis to co tr Orgac chstr f oizd to wrst th scrts of th ira asis of if ow ops th wa to ra sthtc prodcts. Ad o caot hp oticg that ths sthtc prodcts dostrat for th rst rst t th possit of iiatg T ad prpaig factor ad aorator, sstacs which t wod hav tak Natr hosads ad thosads of ars to prodc Ad w kow f w to what tt th sthtc prpara tio of f, v th odst for of a fw cs of proto pas was th spr dra of scc throghot th who scod haf ha f of th itth ctr c tr ad th giig giig of th twtith This was th achsts dra tooth dra of crag th hocs O th pa pa of o f ctra hstor i t s thrfor thrfor priss to sa that th achsts i thir dsr to sprsd T aticpatd what is fact th ssc of h doog of th odr word histr has rcivd o sigicat fragts of th th achca hrtag Th k of this thi s hrta hr tag g is to fod swhri th trar idoogis of Bazac i th ssts ad ictor Hgo th work of th atrasts, i of poitca coo whthr capitaist ra or Maris, th scarzd thoogis of atriais positvis ad t progrssvrwhr, short, whr thr s faith th itss possiiits of hoo er; vrwhr whr th schatoogic sigcac of aor, tchoog d th scitic poitatio of Natr rvas tsf T or o rcts th or o dscovrs that ths frtic thsis ds o crtitd coqr Natr throgh t
74
h g ad h Crucb
phsohma sns, man an om Nar's rva who w ho ng h sav o m. norh norh sn an aor ar o o h work o m Wh wha h rogns o mos ssna n hmshs app ngn an hs apa or workmodrn man aks pon hms h non o mpora raon n n ohr o hr words h aks on h ro o m. s no or prpos o vop hs w osrvaons onrnng h oog ad saon o hm b n h nnnh an wnh nrs. was smp or n non o pon o ha s n hs ah n xprmna sn an granos nsra pros ha w ms ook or h ahms's rams Ahm ha ah mh mor o morn wor han a rdmnar hmsr has s s ah n h ransmaon o Nar an s amon o onro m s r ha hs hrag has n nrprd and ra modrn man n a a rn wa rom ha o h ahms. h ahms was s onnng h havor o prmv man or whom Nar was h sor o o sard rvaons an work a ra ra B modrn sn o on om no s own vsng Nar o hs sar ars Sn phno mna ar on rvad rvad a h os o h sappa s apparan ran o o h hrophans. nsra sos hav nohng o do d o wh h rga av na wh rars. ha kn o work was sss n a aor, vn on or ak o an nsra nsra naon or radon'. radon'. s s worh rang anohr ano hr a. a. Ahogh h p p hms hms n h pa o m, h ahms ook goo ar no o as sm s s ro s dram was o a a ra ra h h mpo o hngs, o ra go or k han Nar k h good phiosopr or ms ha h was, was, h was ara ara o m. no dm hms o an ssn mpora ng, h
che ad epa loge o e eaie o paaise aspie o eiy a pse ioaliy e elr tae. I is espe oo e aleis was eaig like peoe a By all sos o eas e ie o oeal o isel is awaeess o e ievesiili o Tie eie y egeeag i peoially y eeae o e osogo o y saiyig i i e lig o ee y ogeig a is y esig o akowlege e sela sela ieals ieal s ewee wo sigia (a ee sae) as Aoe al we s ea i i a e aleis eae ase o Tie we wi is aios appaas e syolially eiea ei eae e e pioial pi oial aos a e os osogo ogo (see p 1 5 6) o we we e ew ewe e iiiaoy ea a eseio' Eve iiiaio was a ioy ove ea ie epoaliy e iiiae polaie isel ioal' e a oge o isel a posoe exisee wi e laie o e iesile. B e oe e iial ea o e aleis ig ae ee ealize y a wole soey a o e plae o wi i was olleively ealizale e spee o e pysioeial siees a is) e eee ags Tie ease o e possle Te agi gae o oe a s o p wi e a a e was e s o ake o e wok o Tie i elao o Nae \e ae see ow is speala oqess ll o a iee plae e logigs o e aleiss Bu ee s oe ye a i oe o e soiey as all allyy asse asse e ga ga o o Tie o oly i is elaos wi Naue also i espe o isel. O e piloopal plae e as eogize isel o e esseiall a soeies eve iqely a epoal eg akig is exsee o Tie a o y aali A e oe wol o e exe o wi i asses is ow geaess a lly aeps is aai ole eels a oe wi Tie i e wa ieeeey siee a sy
Fg h b urged i o be or hey proaied ha a a ahiev h beer ad er ha Naure i he, by ea o hi ieigee ued i peeraig o her ere ad upple eig by hi ow operaio, he liple eporal duraio (he geologial, boaial, aial rhyh required by Naure order o brig her work o ruiio The epaio wa oo grea o rei Through iuerable ieia a ha dreaed o iprovig upo Naure I wa ioeivabe ha he hould heiae whe oroed by he abuou perpeive opeed ou o hi by hi ow dioverie Bu he prie had o be paid Ma ould o ad i he pae o Tie wihou odeig hiel ipliiy o be ideied wi i, o do i work eve whe he would o oger wih o. The work o Tie oud be replaed oly by ielleua d aual (epeiay aual work. O oure, Ma ha ro ie ieorial bee odeed o work. Bu here i a dieree, ad i i a udaeal oe To uppy he eeary eergy o he drea ad abiio o he ieeeh eury, work had o be euarized. or he r ie i hi hiory, a aued hi very harh ak o doig beer ad quiker ha Naure, wihou ow havig a hi dipoal he liugial dieio whih i oher oieie ade work bearable Ad i i i work aly eularzed, i work i i pure ae ubered i hour ad ui o eergy oued, ha a eel he ipaable aure o epora duraio, i ul weigh ad lowe. A i al, oe ay ha a i oder oiey ha ake o, i he lieral ee o he word, he role o Tie, exhauig hie by o doig ad beoig a uiquey epora beig Ad ie he irreveribiliy ad vauiy o Tie ha beoe a doga or he oder word (or ore exay, or hoe who do o reogize heele beig oe wih he JudeoChriia ideology, he eoraiy ed ad exprieed by a i rlaed,
Ahy n p
he phlsphal pae he ag awaeess he vay a ha exsee Happy passs ages yhs gaes sas eas e eg whh des belg he ppe spa hz e aae hee peve hs ag ssess psg se paes he ha he phlsph These seas ae e a s he de wl ha hey ae a elgy he pve ex sees. Oe ay ze ay aspes e sey as e a hse he sees b hs s e I has bee ese sply shw wha e he gg eas ahey e phsy have e he delgy he eeeh ey a wh wha ess As he ses he e w we s bea d ha hs w agaes a pleely ew ype vza I s pssbe esee s e evepes. B s se eebe ha he y ev paable he pas hsy hay ha s he svey agle pvked pheavas a spal beakws whse age he de ds wellgh pssble eve A ae wl he w ad hes wh s elgs s yhs s a eps was ebbg away Thsas a h sas yeas wee eapse bee he a aeas e d wl e away eve ded by he adve ag Oe s als sppse ha he pd spal ss ased by as des t h n bn hs t th s, s have ake ay hdes yeas bee peey egae I s pssbe age he pheaval all vaes ased by he hageve he a he seeay e ad appeae s psyhga ad spa epesss The ehal dsvees he e w qes Te ad Sae epese
Th Frg an h Crci a evoio o siia popoos e oseqees o w ae s ey a o avg eoe pa o s Te seaao o wok s ke a ope wo e oy o oe soey Tee s oweve og o ae a a e saao ay o ake pae e e As o e epoay o e a oo peses a eve oe seos isoey B a eoao wi epoay eas a possy ge a oe oe oepo o Te B is is o e pae o ea w ese poes. O a was spy o sow a e spa sis o e oe wo es aog s eoe ogis e eig eas o e eagss ss a aess I s g a e soogap ososess o Wese a so e a oe w e ees a ieas o s ey eoe aesose og oe a e o a ese ys a eas as seee eag e oy y eakig oose o e oga sgie
T O T : POPT M rea lae ETAGY AD ACHEY AS
§
RELGOS
PHEOE�A
no aho can aod o w hs books vy n o wny yas h s a las obgd o nfom hs ads of h pogss mad by cn sach I d sch a ccal and bblogaphcal me au pon hl ppang h scond don of my Shamanm. In h folong nos nnd o mak a sma me a pon h gad o h gos manngs of achac and a dona malgca pacs and h ognal sgn canc of achmy hav dscssd hs poblms mo han onc snc 35, b ll f mosly o The Forge an he Crcble Appachng h sbc fom h ppc of a hsoan of gons I wl no nss on h vas la pbshd b hsoans of malgcal chnqs and ancn chmsy Among sch conbons I wl f ony o hos conanng maas o nfomaon ICE
Mea ade ee oks o masm: A evew Ae His· tory of Religion, I No 1 (umme 1 96 ) 2-86 2 ee my Alchimia Aati Vo I (Bhest 935); Comooie AI chimie babilonian (Buaest 937 ad Meauy Ma a Ahemy' Zamoxi I ( 938). 8 29 M. e Foreron e alchimie (eete te s "F & (s 956) Te Fore and the Crucible (heeate e s F & C' ts tee o (ew Yo ad odo 196)
7
T Forg and Crcbl: A ocr
vant to th thms dscssd n T For nd Ccbl In fact my nstgatons on th aly hstoy of mnng mtalgy and alchmy only a pat of a mo ambtos pojct hch has nothng to do th th ndao of th hstoans of tchnqs and natal scncs thogh t s paty basd on th slts of th sach n shot I antd to stdy th mythology of th omo fabr n od to ndstand th manng and th fncton of hs conqst of th matal old bfo th s of scntca thoght. In a yothfl monogaph Cno}nJl boanc n vca nd I td to c dat th stct and th ppos of botancal obsatons and classcatons n ancnt and mda Inda In oth ods my ndao as to analyz that stag n th hstoy of Indan thoght hn th botancal old as no ong consdd "magcally and mythologcally bt had not yt bcom th objct of "scntc stdy as n postLnnaan tms In a pap ad n th scton of stoy of Scncs at th Intnatona ongss of stoans (Bchast 932) I dscssd hat I cald follong MassonOsl, "l caact qaltatf d a physq ndnn that s th ot of Smhya and aa to constct a physcs basd on th systmatc dnton and classcaton of qalts h amost g nong qantts Bt th man ot as concntatd on th stdy of Bli SciJ d �in luj, V (1931) 22-37 5 elaed to sch an anayss bt investgaing the prehistory f the ars not that of he echnqes and natural scences s a ris of mno gaphs which wrot o the ecstac "orgn yric and epic potry (echniues de lextase e langages crets Cnfn ala pe l Mdo d Em On Vol [ome 1953]; "ratre rae H d la Ecycld d a Plad [ari, 96] 326) and on he rgius origins of archtecre and rbanistcs ("entre d onde epe, an L ymblim cmiq d e lg [ 5 pp 5782)
Htoy of Relgon
th magicoligious contxts of mtalugy and alchmy (S summay of th pvious publications in . C pp and . A, p ) Without ngating th con ct obctiv suts of th discovy of mtals nd th pogss of mining and mtllugical pacticssuts admiably but xclusivly studid by th histoians o scincs mphasid som aspcts of this fabuous n tpis that usualy ignod o dpciatd Sk ing to comphnd th whole cutual histoy of mankind, not only th scintic pogss I attmptd to invsti gat also th magnary world (nver magnare hich cam i nto bing thogh th discovy of mtals A histoy nglcting this imaginay oldhich is in fact a old of maningnot only is incomplt it is aso "sub ctiv and thus nonscintic fo th puly mpiical o ationalistic appoach to mins mtals and mtalugy psnts a cnt stag in th volution of Wstn cul tu n fact th discovy of mtals and th pogss of mtallugy adicaly modid th human mod of b ing in th univs ot only did th manipulation o mtals contibut considably to mans conust of th matial od it aso changd his old of maning Th mals opnd fo him a n mythological and ligious univs A simia though vn mo adical modication as ctuatd though th discovy of agicutu I cit this xamp bcaus it btt illustats hat man by saying that an impotant tchnological discovy "opns fo man a n spiitual old It is uslss to insist on th volutionay chaact of th discovy of aicultu and on its conomic tchnological and social consuncs Thy a vidnt and a laboiousy patd in all th books and txtbooks on th subct But
82
Te oge nd e le A ocp
no lss mpoan a h spal consqncs of h discovy of agcl. A nw wod of manng as aspd hogh agcla wok A nmb of analo gs and homologs sggsd hmsvs naaly fo nsanc h laons bwn womn, d sxa lif hman fy agc lna phass dah and bih c Th aly m xpssd hs spcic mod of bing n h od hog plan symbosm and n vga minologyand s consv somhng of hs achaic hag n o langag, algoy and sym bolism A hsoian o ligions is nsd n all hs spi a vals and ve mgne bogh abo by mpical dscovis bcas hy playd an impoan o n h hisoy of h hman mnd I s o only h aclal and ma gic chniqs ha mad o ihc man h s "chan invno n hsoy b also h gios and myhologcal caons whch bcam possibl hogh h dscovy of agic and mal lgy Th symbologs, myhologis, and ias accom panyng hs chnologcal discovis payd a no ss impoan ol n shaping posolihc man h s chan nvno n hsoy b also h igos and myhologcal caons hch bcam possib hogh h discovy of agcl and mallgy Th sym bologis myhologis and ials ccompanying hs chnoogcl dscovis playd a no lss mpoan ol n shaping posolhic man han dd h mpica dscovs hmslvs o sch asons alchmy canno b dcd o a po ochmisy In fac hn bcam an lmnay S Eliade, Pat maratv lgo (New York 1958
Hto·y of Ron
heiry he aheial word of eaning wa on he ere of diappearing. erywhere we nd aley i i alway iniaely relaed o a yia radiion in China wih Toi in India wih Yoga and anri, in elenii gyp wi gnoi, in Ilai ounrie wih herei and eoeri yia hool in he \eern Middle Ages and Renaiane wih erei Chriin and earian yii and Cabaa Coneuenly o undernd he eaning nd funio of alhey we u not udge he alheial ex by he poible he ia inigh wih hey ay onain. Suh an ealuaion woud be anaoun o udgingand aifyinggea poeial reaion by heir ieni daa or heir hioria auray Tha he ahei dd onribue alo o he progre of he naural iene i erainly rue u hey did hi indirely and ony a a oneuene of heir onern wih mineral ubane and liing aer. or hey were experiener no abra hiner or erudie holai Their inlinion o "experien howee wa no liied o he naural real A I ried o how in For and t Cb he experien wih in eral or egeal ubane purued a ore abiiou goal o hange he lhei own mode of being. Thee few inroduory oberaion are no inended a a ary of y boo or a defene of i ehodology I waned only o ephaize one ore he inere of uh udie for he hiorian of religion no o enion he hiorian of ulure of he nex generaion ha inrepid holar who will hae aiaed he hioriogaphial progre aluded o a he end of hi porp Amng the ms cmpehensve and sympahe evews I wud e
t e h f S Nas n (1958) 4553 and W.· Peukr in Zf f kk N. 96) 8.
8
Fog nd Ccb A oc ALCHEMY AND TE PROBEM OF ITS "ORIGINS
T rn irar rad o a and ar ir (F & C pp. f; F & A pp. 8 f a bn onnin prnd b An G Db in T Signian of ior of ar Cir (C doi mond X o [] 3-8. on na Ho o Cm b . R aringon in for o London i r ri bibiogra pi dr pia nion ao . M Lir T Hoc Bckgond o Cm Yor on Rad Tog Acm o Cm Lon don 7 . oard Acm ngin oo 7 and pia Robr . Maf Ogn o Cm London A ri of o rn or on origin and ignian of a a pbid b ofgang Snidr in rob nd r Anin i dr Aigi (CmkZng Cmc A LXXX o 7 ] 3-; ao i Di giin zingn dr Margi z Ai nd aazi (Acv d Enn wn, XXX o 7 3338 Dr Snidr o pid aong an or or a Lxcon Acmcmzc mbo in i 2 i on of iorian of ir o ap approa and onion of Fog nd Cb poran onribion o ndranding of aia rioog ar o b fond in Mari . Croand Ho d n Lngg o Cm Cabridg Ma. 2 So of . Ganznr or iporan onribion a bn brog ogr in i o Bg z Gcc d c noog nd d Acm ini .
Histo of Reiios
5
IH AD THR UPRAURA OD
On te folloe of it F & C pp 7 F. & pp 9 ) ee edeic . Robin Te mit Te Taditios ad Loe of a ciet Caft London 953) e agic cunning of te it i aditted een in St atic' yn uon today all ite of God) between e and tee e) againt pell o woen and it and wizad Te Tipatite Life of Patick,_ uoted by inge Magic eapon in Celtic Legend Fokoe L [ 1 945] 295307 ep. p 299) e eolution of te it a been inetigated by R obe in Metaluy i tiquity Leiden, 1950) page 204 New and eeant infoation wa intodced by Kal etta in i aticle Sciede / bauctu i tlice induu Mitteiue de topoloisce Gessescaft i Wie LXXX [957 2 23 ) See alo R Goi' Te Poition of te Blacit Bali. tudies i Life Tougt ad Ritual [Te ague 1 90 pp 29300) and D eeap Stue andel in Sciedeagen uopa und Sdaien Zeit cift f tologie ol LXXX [ 955). Signicant poge a been ade ecently in unde tanding te ytoogie and ita of Afican it F & C. pp 55 F & pp. o 1 97) Te ocio econoic expanation of te abialent attitude towad te it popoed aong ote by Cleent Le fogeon en Afiue Noie Queue attitude du goupe on gade Revue de Goapie umie et d'toloie [ 94 355) a been citicized by uc de euc Le yboie du fogeon en afiue Reets du mode, No 10 [Jly 95] pp. 577) Te ato epaized tat if te Afican it i oetie feaed and onoed oetie depied ti i due to te
6
he Forge a e rcle Posscrp
fa a e is ooed upo as o a mase of e e and a myial soa eo as wel as a magialy dangeous pesoage wo is a podue of weapons and is esponsible fo boodsed A biian analysis of e Dogon smi's eligious saus as been eeny made by Gemaine Deeen in Coibuion � lude des fogeons en Afique oidenae Ecole Praque es Haes ues. Seco es Sceces Relgeuses are LII [ais 965 2 esp pp 6) Te mys of e pimodial smi pesened by Giaule in Deu eau (ais 94 pp. 6) ae now elaboaey disussed by M. Giaue and G Dieelen in e rea ple oume e mys cosmogoque (ais 965) See aso Geneie CaameGiaue's Eholog e a gage: a parole chez les Dog (ais 965) pages 275 e (see Index sv foge orgero). On e iniiaion of e Afian smi see nesa Ceulis "Liniziazione a mesieo di fabo in Afia Su e maeral sora elle relgo I [956 7) See aso . C Lannings Genia Symbos on Smis' eows in Uganda Ma o 262 67 69). Te eligious fnions of e Tibean and Cenal Asiasi blaksmis ei iuas and myoogies and ei ppos wi e samans ( & C pp . & pp ) ae been insigaed by Ren de ebesy Wokowiz Oracles a Demos o be [Te ague 956 pp 5 7 , 467 59) RA. Sein Re cherches sur lpope e le bare au be [ais 59 pp 5o5 9 6 e) Siegbe ummel (De gie Smied n Tibe Folklore Sues I 6o 2 5 72) and Aleim eschche er Hue e in 959 J 952 5)
tor o Reon l1IG AND METALURGY: BEFS AND ECHNQES O e hndersors ( & pp 20 & A pp 1 , see eorg Hoers er onnerege o senzeen Negne sgeseen Ata Tro I (14]. 30-1; onns exreey r bogpy 40-50) On e yoogy o e Iron Age (. & pp 27 . & A pp 26 ), see Le e traver e e Ate du ooque Internatona Nan - Otore An nae de Et More No 1 Nny 155, espely Jen Len's Le fer dns lgypte nenne e Soudn e ' Arque pp 5- 1 ) On nng n s yoog nd oore ( & pp 3 . & A pp 4 ) see eorg Shrebers Der Berau n Gehchte Ethos und akrakutur Coogne nd Opden, 2) On Berhen ( & pp 44 & A pp o ), see W. Pepers Urh Ren von aw und ene Beren ern 55) see lso orohy Wyos Abers Mgnus on Ore eposs I XLX [15 0 1 2 2 ) Lzrus rer's reate o Ore and Aa n rnsed by A Sso nd C S S Chgo 5 ) nd Berwerk und Proerhe rnsled nd nnoed by A Sso nd C S S New Yo Aern Insue o Mnng nd Meurg ngneers 14) Te Mesopon doens (. & pp 7 & A pp 75 ) he been sysey nesged by Mrn Leey n s hemtr and emca Tehnoo n A ncent Meopotama Aserd 15) see so he se ors yps Sl nd Sod n Anen Meso pon Cel Tenoog I XLIX [ 1 5, 33 1 )
188
Th Fog d t ubl: A Potpt CN OKS ON HLNSC ND SLC LCH
H. J epard ee notm te ma oure of aema mytm ee otm ad Alemy (A!x, V [97 86101) ee alo Egg ymbom Aemy (Abx, V [198 o8) Te Redemp ton Teme ad Helet Aemy (Abx, V [ 1 99 276), " A urey o Alemal ad Hermet ymbom (Abx, V [196o, 31) ad Te Ouroboro ad te Uty Matte Aemy A udy n Org (Abx, [1962] 8396) On lam aemy (F C., pp 19697 F A., p. 199) ee e bbograpa reerene n Debu (op t p. · n 1 7) O pea mportae H. E. tapleto Two Aemal Treate Attrbuted to Aea (Abx, [1962 182) ad Hery Corbn Avc d th Voy Rtl, traated rom te ren by Wlard R Tra New Yor 96) epeay page 2 1 2 Th Htoy o Hdu Chty, by . C Ray (F C, p 92 F A , p 96) wa reprnted 196 Calutta dan Cema oety) ee te reew by J. loat I, L 98), 36263 Wle preparg Fogo t lht, dd ot now o Mung H Aug arte Alemy ad Al emt Brma (Folklo, LV [ 1 933 36) Oe beome a wgy a term dered from yog) by trodung to body te proper meta ompoud, prepared rom merury or ro; away troug trag te potuat obtan te tone of le meta t poeon eabe m t o y troug te ar and trael under te eart e beome nunerabe ad a le udred o year. Te oe ure a ne and tran form by tou, bra or er to god Te potuat
Hio o iion
8
otnues to expee unl e obtans e e opods e swllows te sone e eoes unosous o seen dys. Usualy e ees o e, d ate seen days e eeges s a zw Heneot e s e god: e a le lons o yeas esoe e dead to le and beoe nsle pp 4647). A zw s odden o et eat and drn toxg eeges H s alowed o ae sexa elaons o wt woen bu wt etan uts n te sape nd se o yong adens Te zw anates te nd e e s wes See also Maung Hsn Aung's Buee Aley Beles (Jon o h Bm oi XXX, 8 ) Te slaty w te ndan yogaes s edent; see y boo Yo moi nd dom New Yo 58) pages 274 CY D NSSNC ND FON On Paaelsus and Renassane atoesty ( p 18 & . p. 20) see Wae Pagel's P: n Inodion o Phioopi diin in o h in Bsel 58), D dizinih l ild Pi in Zmmnn mi Nplo im d Gnoi esaden 62) and Paaesus d e Neopato and Gnost Tadton (mix [•6o] 256o) Alen G Debuss T ih Pl ondon 65) and Te Sgane o e Hsoy o Ey Cesy pges 48 w ts bog apy) and \olgang Snedes aaelsus und de Entwung de pazeutsen Cee (hiv Phi CCXCIX No. 66] 7746) t egad to Jonsons mit (. & p 54 . , pp 5 .) negleted an exellent ale y Edga Hll Dunn Jonsons hmi and te ea
9
Th Forg and th ru otrpt
ue o Aley (M, [Sepeber 196] 699 7) Te uor llusres bundnly Jonsons rer ble nowledge o ley nowledge geer n o ny oer j Engls lerry gue w e possble exepon o Cuer d Donne (Dnn op t., p 699) Te se uor dsused Cuers nowl edge o ley n "Te Yeons Cnon's Svr trna oun" Mod hoogy VI 19 2162) see lso s rles Donn's Alel gues H I 192 2575) nd Te Aley n Jnsons Mr ury Vndatd (Stud n oogy, [92, 62 537). A generl suey s ound n H ss Aley nd ngls erure (rodg o th d h oopha ad trary Sot, V 236) uer's ude owrd ley nd e relons beween uern eology nd ley e been nesed by J W. Mongoery (Cros Consellon nd Cruble uern Asrology nd Aley n e ge o e Reforon ranato o th oya So ty o anada Vol I Ser [June 1963] Se. , pp. 2517; see lso e ren rnslon srologe e l'l e lurennes lpoue de Rore Rvu dhtor t d phooph gu 66] · 32 5) s wor uong uers ules seen on e sube: Te scece lche I ke e e ee t s tl the t phlsph th e cets lk e l the ses t hs ectg etls stlg sltg hes ls s the ske he llegy secet sg· ct hch s excegl e chg he esect the e the Ls D F s ce the e etcts septes ssce the he ps ces p the sp, e le the sp he segth hle he cle tte the egs es the t lke e hless ccss [hee Lthe ses the the lss the pep e c
o o Relgon
g
meg]. ven so God, a t the dy of jume wi sepre l th s thro r th rghteos fom he ugodly [d Wr etio quo by Motgory p 263]
Te auto empases te tean deas mplct n te alcemcl woks o nds bvus 55-616) d Knt • 6o 6o5) nd n te Cymal eng o V. ndeae 1586-•65). n sot pp Pma matea Das eemns nes emds on ogone De BA SF A u der A re er Baden Anl l Soa Fark, [959] 505) F Htab sggests an acemcal ntepetaton o te wenow pcte y ogone, "Te Tee P osopes Te auto sees n tese pesonages, not te tee Mag om the st but te pesoncatons o te anks o a secet socety ccodng to m te pcte pobaby epess a symoca eneaton o te n teo o te eat wee te pra maer was sougt a nerora erra, etc). See also by te same ato Der e de Ween (nc 959) Cymsce ce BASF, Vol V, os 2 and [195 Vo V, o 1955]) and Symoe d Wandung BASF, [1959 12328) mong te many poogapc epnts o ancent edtons o Westen acemal woks F & C. pp 9899; F & A , pp 2 0 1 2 see Debus Te Sgcance o te Hsoy o Ealy Cemsty, p 6 nn 2 126) a specl menton s due te sees o tets bougt out by te pub lsng ose c, o Mlan, n mted edtons o 1 0 copes Especally nteestng e oan Battsta aas Della muaone mealla ogn re (Besca, 1599) oann Baccescos a epoone Geer {lo ofo Sego da l legno della a Dalog de (epo dcton o te edton pnted n Vence 1562); and
92
Frge d te ruib le: Pstsript
uginus ams Le rge de Sture g e Sile d'O (eoducton o te Pasan edition, 1780 Te last eesents te Fenc tanslation o a vey ae Paacelsian ok Stur reg i ure seul vers, st ublised in Pais in 657. Te c editons ae accomanied by sot intductions, bibliogaes and istoical commentaies TH OIGINS OF ACHE
On te oign alcemy see Wlgang cnedes Uebe den Usung des Wtes Cemie' " Prm zeutise dustrie [959 7981 s Pbleme und neuee nsicten in de lcemiegescicte, and ome Dubss Te Oign o lcemy Ambi, [ 1 96 23-36 n a sees o aticles, S Madiassan as tied to ve te Cinese ogin o te tem kimi e clams tat tee is in ot Cna te tem Kmya meanng old (aking)es lant ju ce Peslamc abs tansoted it m Cna t leandia, te tade emium o te time ee kmiy as anslteated as Cemia but actually onounced kmya (S Madiassan ile oac to te Pblem te Oign o lcemy ieti, 966 44455 es . 445. See also, by e same auto Cinese Ogin o lcemy Uited si, V 953] 24-44) lcemy and ts Con nectns it stolog, Pamacy Magic and Metallugy us XL [956] 8-3 and cemy and ts Cnes Oign as Revealed by its Etymology, Do tines and Symbols bl Revew Kaaci [Octobe 1966] 22-58 n te last o tese aes ust mentoned te at summaes s ves o te oigins o alcemy Pimitve socety ad to ace ad le om limited avalability o oodstus Te aged males ee
193 fet as brdens o bead winnes and wee incemently handed I n ndia they ad to etie as soiary deni zens of a foest But te man mind, ectant to esgn to deat, made tese ascetics ive on deams of ejve tion . Te se of fes pants had een te syste o medicine at the time he Chinese hebaists beieved not ony n Animism bt moe so in Dais" (p 23) Fthe efeences cod be made bt these cita tions sce to istate the atho's methodoogica ap poach Histo of Reiis
CHINESE ACHE
Impotant contibtions to the ndestanding of Chinese achemy (F & C pp 09 F & pp 1 3 .) have been made by Joseph Needham and his coabo atos Athogh the fth vome of Needhams iee ad Civiizaio i Cia devoted to the histoy of Chn ese chemisty and indstia chemisty is not yet pb ished e have to monogaphs of consideabe inteest: Ho Ping-Y and Joseph eedhams he Laboatoy Eqipent of the ay Medieva Chinese Acheist mix V [ 1 959] 57 1 1 5) and Tsao ien Chin, Ho Ping-Y and Joseph Needhas An ay Medieva Chinese Achemica ext on Aqeos Soions mix VI 99] 2258) See aso Needhams Remaks on the Histoy of on and Stee Technoogy in China (in e fer traves es es Nancy, 96], pp 9302) No ess impotant is the compete tansation of cassica achemica teatise, the Nei ie of Ko Hng (Paopt) known nti now ony in a famentay fom in the tansatons of enney L Davis and ge eife (F & C pp 88 F. & pp 9394); see James R Wae tans and ed) em \ ediie ad eiio
194
Te Forge ad the Cruble A Potrpt
the Chna of A D. : e Ne Pe of Ko Hg (Cambidg a., 1 966) Proor War iodu i mou rai wi aao o Ko Hg auobogapy (bd pp. 62 1 ). O g owv ab o paaory o ad omma radr migy i pd o kow omig o va okor o oroi ad ra ad i rirpaio by C ami (bd pp 3 ; Eiad A lma Aat [id i I ) u o wo dr i oowig quoao a b udood wiou a ommary: Tke he e n peee ny: Wh heen gehe en Ree y spe ehe e es P ngey peesy WAE (n e), p
rur o m ad oad mbyoi rpiraio a ia iqu wi a og iory o may v ay a pr iory Cia ad dia ( F C pp. 1 4 . A pp 2 2 ). auio o ruao o bra (Wa a ad d. op t p 6) i iomprb wiou om quoaio rom udd ad raad by H pro ( Eiad' e Yoga (Pari 19), pp 7 f. oga mmortalt and reedom pp 9 . . & C pp 1 ; F A pp 2 9 .) A o ro o god ad jad i prvaio o a op (\a ra ad d op. t, p 62 Eiad A lhma A at, I, 1 8 . F C pp. 1 9 F A pp 1 8 ) ad impora o abar i amy a w a i aoi o (\ar [a ad d op. pp 74 . C pp 1 7 f. F A, pp 1 2 1 ) oud av b ommd upo Hopuy omday w wi av a iv our
Histoy o Reliions
15
Cnese lcec es, psey annaed s s e e ccessle age pc. One e an neess e Cnese acey e sy cle cnsss n s lzan and enepean ny acc nd ppla ecnqes (deay ecpes as we as seua espay ecnqes plgan e eds edan ec.) R Sen and a Ke ave nvesgaed e pesy any Ts nd aceca pacces and ave swn e paals n ndcn (see F. pp 1 7 F & A. pp 1 2 1 ) On e ee e g ( e calaas) n wc agcans nd acess eea nan a ee lanly sded y R.A Sen n s n ap "Jadns en nae dEeOen, see as Mce Sys "e Fe Can de de gpe gese (Bu lletin de l cole Fanaise de l'Etm Oient Sagn V 156 113• esp. pp 886 "a gece and 73 "e sle! de n)
[
]
AC D H HSTOR OF DAS
Te eseaces C G Jng ave cnued cn sdeay ang acey sgncan den c e (see F pp. 12 F A., pp. 214) Hs las pan w wc en en yeas cplee ws ecenly ansaed n Engls ys teium coniunctionis An Inquiy into the sepaation and ynethesis o Psychic Opposites in Alchemy (ndn and New Y 13 e w vues e Gean gnl wee plsed n Zc n 555) Te eade al w Jungs pevs ws deved alcey wl nd n ysteim coniunctions e sae edgcl s Se a a ba umay by Ma Kama
as
16)
-74.
96
Te Foe a te Cucible Postscipt
preuppition a a pycologit and ie Herbert Si berer ory year beore im Jung ee in alcemical ymbolim and ecnique e pojection o a proce ic tae place in e unconciou Te ubject maer o te preent oume i te alcemical procedure o uniting e oppoite Jung interpre ti etremely com plicated and enigmatic operation a a repreentation o at e cal te indiiduation proce toug it te not unimporant derenc� at no inge indidua eer attain to te ricne and cope o e alcemica ym bolim ibi p ) eter i purely pycological appoac i accepted or noand ome reader itout a perona noledge o analytica pycoogy may nd it diclt to ac cepi iout conequence For Msteium coiuc tiois a ric and aluabe boo bringing togeter an amazing amoun t o obcure and ad to obtain acemical notic and mytica et and a i een more im porant it elucidae teir ymbolim in e ligt o comparate eigion and anaytica pycoogy Te cutural impact o Mste·ium coictiois my proe to be independen o Jung pycologica eory Utmately uc a or may ep te pubic redicoer te acinion o acemica ymbolim and grap te iorical importance o te cemit dream Te tird olume o Msteium coiuctiois, pub lied in Zuric in 97 contained an edition nd a tudy by MarieLouie on Franz o uoa coses a tirteentcenu et traditionally attributed to o Se h Bblogphy in & C p.
99 & p Vol XIV
o he Engsh nslon o Jung's oll _wos s n l /m (w Yok 97) n ops ong oh x h ho u ns sus "lsus s Spl hnonon () n T Abo hoph (9/ 9)
Histo of Reliios
Thomas Aias and rdiscovrd by g. Th wok was cy rasad io Eglish by R F. C. Hl ad A. S. Glovr uo cosues Docume t ttib ute to Toms qi o te Poble of Opposites i lcemy (odo ad Nw ok ) Th Egish rasaion is sprio o h Grma oigia o oy bcas o h corrcios o varios rors icomp oaios ad wrong rrcs b also bcas o a shor b imporan Forword by MariLois vo Fran. uo cosues s ni amog achmical ra iss. Oly abo a hado o h classics o alchmy ar od ad chical isrcio ad chm ical rcips ar lackig ibi p. 4). O h ohr had h mysi cal lm is srogly mphasid som mascrips i is sad o b a work by Ainas b schoas hav rjcd his radiio is wll kown ha Thomas masr Albrs Mags was irsd i alchmy ad clism in h vry yars h m his discip ( 1 24). As o Thomas hims h hogh ha alchmy was a r ar b dicl o acco o h occl ics o h clsia powrs ibid p 418). r. von Fran is icid o hik ha uo cosues migh vry w b a rascrip o Thomas las words his las smiar hil lyig o his dahbd i h moasry o S Mary a Fossaova As sch h rais wold b rlad o Thomas mysical illmiaio oowing his csaic pric i h chapl o S Nichoas i Napls and i wold o rc his phiosophical a d hoogical sysm which Thomas laboriosly cosrcd i his prvios wriigs b which h cosidrd ar his ptus as worhss as sraw Mos proably his hypohsis wil o b accpd by
1 98
he Fge nd the Cucble Ptpt
e specalss Bu e nees o e e ll no d mns Moeoe, e long comenay bd.} pp 13 4 3 1 ) consues n sel a ey lened conuon o e undesandng o acemcal an myscal symosm s e ae poned ou ungs nes n alcemy was aoused many o psycoogcal easons s ap poac conased adclly w a o e soan o scence, o concenaed amos eclusey on e sc enc aue o a e cnsdes o e a poocemsy. Fnally, ee ae some mode auos o om al cemy s sll a adonal scence eg) ey undesand e el and e lp o as symos and concee susances F & C p. 98 F. & } pp 2 21) Bu ee s oom o a oade and moe compeense appoac, namely, o sudy e alcemss unese o meanng n se and o se. Te eseac o Sen and Kalenmak, o eampe, as dscosed e unve mgne o e Cnese acemss and Taoss. Te dscoees ae no only eemey mpoan o e undesandng o e Cnese mnd u ae also o alue n emseles o eealng a wod o meanng c s ndependen o mans soca ansomaons n oe ods, suc sudes den ou undesandng o man, egadless o e soca cone o e specc unve mgne c s emeneucaly pesened o less mpoan and sgncan o e oadenng o e Wesen soogapca conscousness ae some e cen oks on emesm and s eaons Renassance scence, a, and plosopy We may quoe as an eampe e supe monogap o ances aes, G dn Bun nd the Hemetc dtn (Ccago, 96) lanly lusaes e pogess eaed n e las yeas n undetndng a od o meanng as
Histor of liions
ngtd or dpid by t Rnaan toriograpy of t prvou gnraton. T mpotan of t Hrmti ivs imainair in t tory of opnan lontrm and n t dvopmnt of talan Rn an pioopy i orwmng Simlar progr a bn md in t undrtandng of itrary itory On may tnk for amp of ugut Vatt Ls sour oults d romantism IlluminismTosopi (Par work wi opnd t way to a ri of tud w, y dmontrating t importan of outm otrm and almy rnd omplty t ntrprtaton of Frn Rnaian potry (brtMari Smdt) and Frn Romantiim (lbrt guin Lm romantiqu t l rv [Marill ] , and on trbutd ondraby to diovrng and luidating t ration btn lluminm Rocruianim Frmaonry and t ltratur of t rt af of t nn tnt ntury Su tudi dio a ri of univrs imaginair, o ro n formation of t modrn Wtrn mnd a not n uptd On an only op tat in t nar utur t world of manng of t almt wil b nvtigatd and omprndd it larnng au mn, and ympatti undrtanding milar to tat ilu tratd by t rnt tudi n Rnaian rmim and Fn Romantim
App endices T ORS HUNDRSONS NNNS O ALLUR
oeg e y o e elesal al o soe o Holbeg De Ba es ebes (Anna Aadma Sntaum Fnna, Se B ol XI Helski 9) p 0 H Reel De Seiee Hiel (ndomh Fohn 19 pp 5) aaie a e oepo o soe a eal ses was oo o e Io Eopeas R Eisle Z Teiologe esie e jse Alee (Monath Ghht d n ha d judntum 96 N ol 6 pp 90) el a eeoies a ge se o e iea a e skes wee ae o ee eals (o oppe go sile e) O e oeio bewee skes els a olos Holbeg op t. p 9 A Jeeas Hduh d at ontahn Gtkutu ( E Bel 99) pp 80 s B R J obes Mtauy n Antu (eye 950) eaks a pese allsios o e elaio bewee eals olos a plaes ae ae a s geeally beliee ee i e Babyloia epo oeg e esoes see Ra Ae Ethnoaph Paan Nu Fo (eipzg 889) pp 0 (D Donnk P Sbllo L Foko d F l I (Pais 90) pp 05 W W Skea Sakesoes
202
Appncs
(Fkr, 23, 92, pp 4580) P. Saintye, rps F r prhtrq n Frnc t ns s cns nss o II (Paris, 934) L Fkr s s g prr, pp. 722 Concernng the role of metals n the lfe and religon of prmitie peoples, the eader may consult Rchard Andres comprehensive volume, D Mt b n Ntrk t Brckschtgng prhstrschr Vrhtnss (Lepzg, 884). On the folklore of lead c Leopold Schmd Ds B n snr kstchn Gtng (Mit d Chemischen Fos chungsnsttutes der Oesterreches, I 45, 1948 pp 98 sq.) On he history of mealurgy nd s cultural aspects, see T A Rickard, Mn n Mts A Hstr nng n rtn t th pnt ctn (New York, 1932, 2 ols there s also a French translaton) and J R Partngton, Orgns n Dpnt App hstry (London, 93 ) . The state of the latest research on metallurgy n ant uy is conscentously esblshed by R Forbes Mtrgy
n Antq, A ntbk r rchgsts n tchngsts
(Leden, 195), with full bbliography Cf aso by he same auhor, Bbgrph Antq, Phsph Ntr/s (Frst part, Mines, Leyden, 94; second part, Meallurgy, eyden, 1942) See also Chares Snge, E . Homyard and A R Hall, A Hstry chngy, ol I (Oford, 19 ) On Hommel, Grnrss r Ggrph n Gschcht Vrrsns (Berlin, 90822) p. q; G oson,
Ls x t s rrs ns s nscrpt ssyr-bbyn nns (inaugural dissertaton, Munich, 94) pp 112; Axe W Persson, sn n snbrtng n str Zt, gschs n chchs (Btn Sct Ry Lrs Ln, 1 934, pp 1 1 27), p. 14; Forbe, Meal lurgy n Antquity p 46 O n pr Pesson, p ct p q Fobes, p 46.
Andces On th ustry n commrc of cor n bronz n th ncint r Est, cf R. Dussu, La Lyde et ses vs aux hautes pques (Pris, 930, 76 sq On th vocbury of bronz, Gorgs Dossn, L Vocb ulir uzi Smn' (Reue dAssyge, 978, . 26 sq On th qustion of ron in ncnt Egyt n th trm b-npt, cf G A \nwright, ron n Egyt' (he jua Egyptan Achaegy, 8, 92, 35; summ u n Prssons rtcl, . 23) , h Comng ofron (Antqu, , 936, 525; E Wynhm Hulm, Erly Ironsmlting n Egyt' (Antqu, I, 937, 2223; orbs, Metau gy n Antqu, 25 sq. H Qurng, who hs summ u his rsrchs n th rticl D Hrkunft s tstn Esns un Sth' (Fschgen und Ftschtte, 9, 933, . 26270), thnks h hs ov tht th ron ors ltr us by th Egytins cm from th sns of ub which contn mgntt n grns with mor thn 6o r cnt of iron On th subct of ron n Minon Crt H R H, he vatn n the Bne Age (Lonon, 928, 25 3; A W Prsson, . I orbs, . 56 sq. T HOLO O RON
Aotroc ron gnst mons n srts I. Gozihr, Esn ls Schutz ggn Dmonn' (Ach f Regnwssen scha o, 907, . 6) S Sgmnn, De Bse Bck (Brlin, 90), vl 27 v. , . 89, tc i, De agschen Heund Schuttte (Stuttgrt, 927), . 6 (ths lst volum s th xnson of w chtrs of h Bse Bck; rzr, abu and the Ps fthe Su, 234 sq
Appncs (Frh trasatio, pp. 95 sq) Tar, Th Ocan of Sto, vo II (Lodo, 92), pp 8 Mr, Tog atnsch Macht n Fst Vgtaton (ZrihLipzig, 937), vo I, pp sq, vo II, pp 8 sq Dumzi, Labrs (joa Asatq, 929, pp 2375), pp 7 sq (iro kivs kp dmos aa Cauasia bis) J Fiiozat, L Katanta (ars, 937), p (magi ro o th i) C also Hanwtbch Dtsch Agabn, dr sn Iro as prottor o rops (orthasr Europ): A atasao, D Ackba Voksabgabn Fnnn n
stn ntspchnn Gbachn Gann gchn (5 vo, FF Concatons, SontaaaHsnk, 9925), vo III, pp 7 sq NOE ANHROPOONC HS
Craio o ma rom a or arth S Lagdo, L Po
sn Paas Dg t a ht ho (Paris, 99, tras C iroaud), pp 223, 3 2 id Stc Mthog (Bosto, 93 ), pp 2 i th aia traditios, B. Dixo, Ocanc thoog (Bosto, 9), p. 07 (ma ratd om dust with th blood o th god) s aso Sir Jams Frazr, FokLo of th O Tsta nt (Lodo, 99), vo I, pp 3 id aton an o ton n Pt osogons (Lodo, 935), pp 335 (ritt i 909 a h ot as u as th prvious). Egpti traditios, E A Wais Budg F Ftsh to Go n Ancnt gpt (xord, 93), pp 3 3 (ma rtd om th tars o god) Ado Erma, D Rgon
Appenes
205
er ter (erln 93), 66 Snn Holmerg, he Go Pth (unCoenhagen, 96), 3 sq For a general vew o anthroogon themes, see Stth homson, otne of Fok-Litertre, vl I (Helsnk, 932, FF onitions r o6), 0 Fr later translatons o the Balonan oem the Creaton, see G Furlan, Poe e reione (Bologna, 93), 00 sq (. 3 or smlar Mesootaman tratons ) R aat, Le Poe yonien e rtion (ars, 93) For a re onneton wth the metallurgal rolem, the traton oun among the oraja the go Pe ne Pr ashons eah hl n the orge (Krt, quote W err, he hiren of the Sn, 2n eton, onon, 92, 2) NOE D ARCA RZAON AND OASC RS
On arta ertlaton Mesootama, A . H ruessen, Date Culture n Anent Balona' (jo of the Aerin Orient Soiety, 36, 92, 2332) Geore Sarton, he artal ertlaton o telms n the tme o Ashur asral' (sis 2, r 6o, Arl, 93, 8); A tonal note n ate ulture n anent Bablona' (ii r 6, une, 93, 22 these two artes nlue a omlete lograh on the queston); Hlne Danthne, Le Pier
ttier et es rres srs 'onorphie e 'Asie oiente nienne (ars, 937), I 2
On smlar tratons among the Hebrews an Arabs, see Salomon Gan, Artal ertlaton o atealms n
Appns Palestie ad Aabia (ss 33 N. 65 ue 35 pp 2550 26
ogiastc pactices coected wt the gag o cius tees, accodig to the wiig o b Wahsha, c. S Tol kowsk, Hsps A Hstoy o th utu n Us o Ctus Futs (odo, 38 pp 6 2 sq. SEXUAL SYMBOS OF FIRE
The seual smbolsm o e i ace dia is iesigatd b K F oasso, b tnsch Gn Dhsn (Skite uga Veeskapssaudet Uppsala, Uppsala eipzig, pp 5 5 taditos mode dia, c W. Cooke, Rgon n th Foko o Nothn n (od, 26 p 336 . Abbo, h Kys o Pw A stuy o n Rtu n B( 2 p the smbolism o the heath ( the ula) poto histo cultues, see sca Almge, Nosch ch nungn gs Ukunn (Faku aM, 3 pp 244 sq . Amog the acet Gemas ad i othe Euope Gimm, Dutsch Mythoog (4 Ausgabe, 8 l. , 5 · he seual smbolism o the poductio o e amog pmites, c Si James Fae, h Mgc A n th Orgn o Kngs l , pp 208 sq; d, Myths su ogn u u (Fech tas, Pais, pp 6 sq Eamples o seual ogie at the solem kdlig o a e, b p 6 (amog the MadAm, ate Wz). the cosmological smbolism o th lightig o the e ad the deas o egeeatio b Tme, see m wok L Myth tl Rtou (Pas, 4 pp 0 s
Appncs On he smbolsm o the ente b, 30 s and gs t Sos (Pas 95) 33 sq. T SUL SYMBOLSM O TH TRNG
On the sexa symbolsm o the , see R Esle Ku Kb, 1 35 sq and beto Pestalozza Rgon Mtrrn (Mlan 95) . 6 . 65 On he trange doowoman' elatonsh . H. C mbl Th Thrs ho Covnt (New ok 89) 5 (nomaton om eek Chnese Jews e soes) On the rch gnsos, Fan onse Ds Ahbt n Mstk Mg (Leg nd Ed 95) On the symbolsm o e angle n nda Trcc cuo unr n (Rvst Stu Ornt, XLL 199 97)� nd note on ant symbolsm Meye Trog tschr Mcht Fst r Vgtton (Zh Lezg 93) ol. 339 R Esle KubKb (Phoogus, ol 68 909 8 609) 35 ges an nortnae neretaton o the sexal symbolsm o he Kaaba as the ttrgonos thos, e saed stone o Mea was (aodng to hm) he hose o a rs o o an obelsk (Konshe Phallosten) t shold be emembeed howee that n 909 when Ese was wtng ths stdy syhoanayss was saely known and ose sola wo ad any knowledge o wee ey easly ed astay by anseal symbosms
NOE
G
PA NX
O mhs u me r rm se, c. B. Nurg, Kin un (Hes, 93, . 6 sq. M. Ede, it 'Htoi s Rigions, 8 O erzg ses d he re he slde r sdg res, c it, 9 sq O he rh gds rm pt gniti (Gre Gddess= ti uni, c R. Eser, Wtnt un Hist (Much, 9, v II , 77 sq., ec. d, KuKee Phioogus, v 68, 99, . 8, 69, 96 sq O lesemc rds ccerg me ssued rm ses, c W Rers Smh, h Rigion of th Sits, 3rd Ed. (Ld, 97, . 86 (Ar eged Hs chmd, Di hung on Pis un Sun (uge, 93, 38, (Old esme. O he rh Chrs rm se Rum regus lkre, see Alexdre Rse, oin Ronio (Acem Rm, Buchres, 9, . 68
NOE H BABYLONAN 'ALCHY
R Cml hmss rss he Assr dcu mes, On th hsty of th Ancint Assyins (d, 95, 58 ewre ges Bru Messer, Byonin un Assyin, vl II (Hedelerg, 95, 38 sq. Rer Eser, D Byonisch Uspung Achi hik Zitung, N 83, h Ju 95, 77 sq N 86, 18h Ju 28
Appenes 925 pp 2 q d. De chesche erooge e Baby oner (Zetschr fr Assyrooge Bd. Ap 926 pp. 09 d L'og ao d 'ah (Reue e Synthse Htorque 926 pp 25 h aoga ad ha oog ao R C hopo A Dctonar ofAssyran Chestr an Geoogy (fod 96 R C. hopo ha uazd h ah h a
A Surey ofthe Chestr ofAssra n the seenth centur BC (Ab 98 pp. 6. Ro E' pao ha d fo d ao h aoog H. Z Assyrch
cheschtechnche Reepe nsbesonere fr Hersteungen rbgen gerter Zege Uschr un bersetg (Zet schr fr Assrooge B 6 Sp 95 pp. 208 d. Voruge Nachtrag {U en assrschen cheschtehnschen Reepen (b Bd Sp 96 pp 4 h hoa of E Daad Voruge Beer kgen {U en assyrchen cheschechnschen Reepen (Zetschr fr Assyrooge 925 pp 024 d oha aoh Ah (b 926 pp 205 h Aabc hoa ad oa of Juu uka Kh zu R E' hghhh Mhod' (Zetschr fr Assrooge Bd 926 pp. 288 R E hpoh ha ap A R La Scence orentae aant es Grecs (Pa 90 pp 9 q ao R. Bho La Pee e Ase et astrobooge (Pa 98 pp 4 q h od ou of Edud vo Lppa' Entstehung Abretung er Achee (B 9 pp 5 q h auo aa a owha gav aud whou og hf agoa oo vo. (\h 954 p 40 woud hav kd o h po akd Fo h ophv wok.
NOTE
CHNESE ACHEMY
Fr a gra icursi it th histr Chis scitic thught as part th uirsa histr scic s Grg Sart An ntocton to th Hsto o Scncs, s IIII ums (Washigt 168 th histr th taurgica ad chmca arts i cit Chia s i Chia ig Th Chcl Ats o Ol Chn (East 48 B Laur has shw tht th past l l (usd h mauactur gass widws) as w as ai wr rst primtd with Taist achmists c Th Bgnnngs o Pocln n Chn (Chicag 117 Fid Musum) pp 118 c h sats arsic wih which achmists wrkd ha ud thir uss i agricutur ad arius idustris: c. M. Muccii Larsic prss i Cisi (Acho Sto ll Scn III pp 6576 articuarl p 7 th aicati achmica discris t cramic ad mtaurgica tchiqus s E Lipm ntsthng n Astn Ah I p. 1 56; II pp 45 66, 178 tc Chis achm th sstia matria wi b ud i th ibigrah t m k L Yog, otlt t Lt (aris 154, p. Th st ta wrs th subct ar 0 hs A St o Chns Alch (Shaghai 18; s t B aurs riw ss, 1, XII ; A Wa Nots on Chns Alch (Buti Sch rta Studis I 1, p 1; W. H Bars ssib rrc Chs Achm i th Furth r Third Ctur ' (Th Chn Jol XXIII 5 pp. 75; Hmr H Dubs Th Bgiigs Achm (ss, XXXIII 17, pp 686
pncs
Among rnsaons of amia ng may spay nod uCang \u and nny Dis, An Ann Cins ras on ay nid san ung Ci, wrn y \ oang aou 42 (ss 3 o XV, pp d, Ko Hung on ow and (Pocngs o th Acn Ac o Ats n Scncs o XX, 3 pp 224 s as work nuds ransaion of aprs 4 and 6 of rais y Ko Hung (ao uu aprs 3 a rans ad y ugn f, Monunt Sc o V, 4 pp 3 (s b o X 44 a nw ransaon of apr 4 again y if, and aprs 7 and y . Das and K Cn, nnr Caprs of ao u'
(Pocngs o th Acn Ac o Ats n Ss o. XXV 404 pp 73 S aso Roy C Spoonr
and C H. ang, Din Nn u an Sa Mod, a Cins amia Rp (s 47 o XXXV, 342 H H Dus is a orgin of amy is o soug n Cna of our nuy Aordng o Dus, ay oud ony a o ino ng wr god was unknown or wr ods of assaying god wr unknown now, n Msopoama s ods ad n wdy known sin fourn nury w woud row dou on Mdirranan orgns of amy (Dus, pp o sq Howr, s opinon dos no appar o a n apd y sorians of amy (s Srwood ayor, h Achsts Nw ork, 4 p 7 Dus is of opnon a amy found is way o \s ia Cns rars (op ct p 4 Howr s no xudd a n Cina, sin ay prsns a forgn inun (f aufr, ss pp. 330 n pnraon of Mdrna das ino Cna s Dus,
Apende
op t, pp 8 ote O the pobabe Meopotama og o Chee ahema deoogy H Stapeto The AntuofAlhem (Am, 9 · 4) pp q O the ahema ymbom o epato ad he ea at R H va Gk Eot olou pnt ofthe Mngpeod,
th an ea on hnee ex l om the Han to the hng dna, !> BAD (pvatey pbhed ty ope okyo 9 ) pp q NO AC RADTNS AND ALCCAL LKLR N CNA
O the mag ght o the yog ad ahemt ee M ade Le Yoga, p 97 O maga ght' Cha ade Le hamanme, pp 94 q o the ght o the aot mmota oe Ge A Gae of hese mmotal (Lodo 948) pp 40 4 p et Ma Katemak Le Leen
thouan (Bogaphe legendae de mmotel taote de ! antute), taated ad aotated (Pek 9 pp p
4 8 46 4· A age mbe o vey aet myth ad bee oeg mmotaty ad the mea o ahevg t wee take ad gve ew gae by the Chee ahemt he totoe ad the ae wee egaded a ymbo o mmotaty the aet wte rae ae away to be od the ompay o the mmota (J J de Goot he Relgou Sstem of na, Lede 89 v pp 9) ae ae how o ea haot to ugget the paage to mmotaty (id, vo p 9) the pte deptg the eght mmota e ote o the peratua
Appendices
213
d t t c c t ot upwrd t cf W Mths and Legen o Chna, odo 92 p. 02 Po Putu Ko Hug dc tt o vt g m cd dkg vg md t t gg of c o t of t toto txt uotd Joo Chese Ache, p tdto v od t Lieh Hsien Ch'uan t tt Kue fd mf o cmo d uo mxd t t of t toto Ktmk p 9 Amog t vgt pc cp of pocug o gvt tdto gd out t chih' t of mmoat t p t cp d t pc p d cp codd to c ang utc cf J J d Goot op cit v I pp 29 B tg p d Yo u to t pop of tt tm o cvd d t tm cd t g of to o t udd M Ktmk L-sen tchou p cf id, pp 8 o ocg t p t of ovt cf Rof t Jd en natue 'te
Orient Le Mone en petit (Buetin de coe naise dx teOent 2 Ho 9 pp o pc pp 8
Po Putu fo pt t tt f o u o t t p of t cp o m upo t tout kg f o u t t od o com v. fut of t cp dd ducd to pod d pcd toc t uptv c d f t pp to god o d ud t m com u d tu tod t t m o fd o t pod of t cpfut m v to toud txt poducd D Goot vo I p 28 A fo t pc t t ccodg to Po Putu d t um od umou Ot pt d mp o putd to cof
Appncs
longeiy nd to coney mgicl poer Te Lh Hsn h'un mention te leek (p 97), cinnmon (pp. 8 9), gric (p. 8), eed of crucifer (p. 79), of conite (p I 54), of ngeic (p. I 54), of te unoer (p 9), etc Tere pper to e n unroken continuity of fokore trdition, Toim nd lcemy te Toit lcemit i te ucceor o te unter of medicinl remedie, o, from time immemoril, ent o into te mountin it cl to colect mgic eed nd pnt Cf., on ti teme, R Sein, Jns n ntu, pp 56 q nd pss NOE K NDAN AHM
On ndin cemy nd precemitry, ee P. C. Ry, A Hsto Hnu ht, l. (nd edn., Clcutt, 95) cf too Rcry Kirj Bude Mookerjee, Rsl nh or Ocn of nn Mcn, Cht n Alch o (Clcutt, I 967) ti i not ery lue compition ut it contin et of quottion from trdition cemi cl ork or n epo of te doctrine of te lcemit sh, ee V V Rmn Stri, h Doctnl Culu n
o
ton of th Shs (Cultul Htg of n, S£ Rkshn Cntn Mol, Clcutt .d. l. I, pp. 3039) Siun Dgupt, Oscu Rlgous Cults s ckgoun of Bngl Littu (Ccutt, 946), pp. 89 q. Mirce Elide, L Yo, otlt t Lt PP 9 q. On te reltionip eteen Tntrim, tyog nd lcemy, ee M. Elide, L Yog, pp. 74 q, 398 q. (iiogie). See o A Wley, Reference to Alcemy in
Apendes Bu cpu (Buetin of the Shoo of Oent Studes
oo, vol VI pp 03) Aluo o acmy may ao fou Mhy-sghhy (Nao, 7; o C y uaag, aou 0) a Abhi dh Mhibhs (Nao, 3, a uagag ) Cf oo 0 S, Rfc o Alcmy Bu cpu (Bu Shoo Oent Studes vol II 933, pp ) alcm Ngjua, a a of ac a logap my Le Yog p 398 Alu, cf J Floza, Auni et !hiie ndenne (Abin oeoton Voue Cacua, 9, pp ) ol of mcuy Ia alcmy, C Ray, op it , p 0, of ouco; E vo ppma, Entstehung und Abeitung de Aheie (Bl, 99), p 3 vo II (B, 93), p 79; Jolly, De Stein de Wesen ( WndishFestsh pzg, 9), pp 980 am stt cf A Ba, Oeues I (Pa, 9), p 8; J Floza, Jou Asitique 934, pp sitt v sku (uac, g) o a penskhu ma a fmal g, wc call yng omm of pcuao Wg (His
toe des oynces egieuses et des opinio phiosophiques e hine , , 97, p 39 ) k a Tao
alcm Ko ug (ao uzu) of cuy a ma a Rstnk au o Ngua I a ca Raaakaa wc wa co o lo o v o g cuy (cf E amo, Tit de Gnde Vetu de Sgesse I ouva, 944, p 383, ), mg go ack o po of Bu Ngua o co cuy (J Floza, L Dote cssque de icne indenne a, 99 p o) T ao poly a Taml acmy uw C uc (cf
Appendes J lloza Taos Yoga' Dan VietNa No Ags 1949, pp 0 sp p 10 O alal asps Co qs s J llozaoal Asiatiqe, 94, pp 6 sq OE L S A A O N A C N O R N A A C H
Sask a o sal aoa s naaa Iaa a nshda E Saplo as ap o xpa s s Cs nasha s Sal Aonia of
std in piitie Cheist (Meois o the Asiati Soie o Bengal ol I o pp 4, Cala 90 Saplo R Azo het aq d Pesia in the Xth ent D (Meoi of the Asiati Soie of Bengal ol VIII o 6 197 p 6 o a as sow p oss o s poss s Sinoana l s Cago 919, p 0 Sal aoa was s o
s i Iaa al a o a s wa o Cs Ia a Aa al O s qso s Jls Rska Sal Aonias Nsadi and Saliak Szgs lg Aka Wss sa g 9 Das Bh de Alane and Sale l 191, pp 1 19 sq Aa nshadi vs o Iaa shada I s possl a so a alal applao o sa aoa a aal o o o alal soos o Sassa pi C Le Lie Gloie de Jabi ibn Haan EaosJa XVIII Z 190 pp 471 14, , Sal amoa s wl as Assa o xs Capll opso Dtiona o Assian
Appendes
217
Chemy and Geoogy p 2. See as J R Pangn Oigi and Dveopmen of Apped Chemry ndn 93 pp 4 3 H E. Stapetn The Aniqui of Ahemy m V 93 pp. 43 p 34 n 8 E. vn pmann Ensehung d Ausreiung der Achemie Wenem 194 p. . NO M GAO-GYPAN, AAB AND WSN ALMY E S S E N TI A L B I B O G R P H Y
Te majty Geek wks n acemy ave een edtd and ansated y Macen Betet Coecion des achimses grecs, 3 vs. Pas 88. Te tets Stepans eanda nt ncuded y Betet n s cectn ave een ecenty edted and tansated y F. Sewd Tay Te cemca ks Steans eanda' (Amix, I 93 pp 1 39 938 pp. 3949 Te cemca papy ave een psed y 0 agecantz Papyrus Graecus Homieis Uppsaa 91 3 nd Macen Betet Archeoogie e Hoire des Sciees Pas 90. F te st manuscpts see e Caaogue des manuscris achimiques grecs Bsses 924 Te essenta dcmentatn and sty eandan acemy w e und n M Betet es Origes de Achimie Pas 88 d nroducon !ude de a Chimie des Anciens e du Moyen Age Pas 889 Edmnd vn ppmann nsehung und Ausreiung der Achemie, I Ben 919 II Ben 931 III Wenem 194 u Jn Hkns Achemy, Chid of Greek Phiosoph
Appendces (oumia University Press New ork 934; P Festu gire OP Achymica (Antqut assque III, 939, 95; i a Rvaton dHermes Trsmgste I (Paris 944, 2682; F umont an . Biez es Mages henss (Paris 938, I, 0 s 198 s II, 309 s; F Sherwoo Tayor The Origins o Greek Alchemy (Amix I, 1 93, p 34; i The Achemsts (New ork 949; ster Teinture et achimie ans Orient helln istiue ( Semnarum Kondakovanum II, Prague 93 5, 59; J Biez Dernires recherches sur lhistoire e alchimie en Grece Byzance et en gyte (Byantion 3, 938, 3838; G Goschmit Der Ursprung er Achemie (ba Zetschr , 938, p 9588; A ehm Zur erlieerung er griechischen Achemisten (Bantn sche Zetschr 39, 939, 394434; W J Wilson Origin an Develoment o GraecoEgytian achemy (Cba Sym osa III, 1941, p 9266; W Ganzenmler Wanlungen in er gschichtlichen Betrachtungen er Achemie ( Chyma III, 950, p 4355; . Fores The Origin o Achemy (Studes n ancent Technoogy I, Leien 1955 12144 c too A Browne Rhetoria an eigious asects o Greek Alchemy (Ambx II, 1946, 1293; III, 1948, p 1525; Egon Weesz Music in the treatises o Greek Gnostics an Achemists' (Ambx I, 951,
458
For the history o Ara achemy the reaer will reer mainly to J uskas stuies an eitions o texts (iliograhy wi e oun in the Festgabe u senem 0 Geburtstage Berin 93, 240 The most imortant are Arabsche Achem stn III (eieerg 1924; Tabua Smaragdna (Heielerg 926; Turba Phosophorum (Berin 931; Das Buch der Aaune und Sae (Berin 1935 too the general exos iven y Ruska in two artices Queues Promes e
Appendes 219 Littatu alchimqu' (Annaes GuebhardSerine, Nuch VII 11, pp 1573 and Mthds sach in th Histy Cmisty' (Ambix, 1, pp 2 On Jb s E J Hlmyad The Arab Works ofJbr ibn Han (Pas 12, and spcially Pau Kaus Jb ibn Han contribution l'histoire des ides scientques dans slam, III (Le Claire, 142, Mmoires prsents lnstitut dpte, tms 445 On az Gad Hym Aai and Achmy' (Ambx I 13, pp 141 J R Patingtn Th Chmsty az (ibid, pp 12 C t J \ Fc Th Aabic Litau n Alchmy accding t AnNadim AD. (Ambix IV 15 x pp 1144 Hni Cbin L Liv Gliu d bi ibn Hayan Alchimi t Achtyps' (Eranosahrbuch, XVII Zich 150, pp 41 14; H E Staptn R F Az and H ussain Chmisty in Iaq and Psia' (Memors of he Asiatic Soce ofBengal, II 2, pp 40 sq Th is n nd t mntin h th nmus lita n th achmy th Mddl Ags and Rnaissanc Th ad wi t th vlums by M Bthlt La Chime au men ge (Pais 1, t th classic w Edmund vn Lippmann t A Gannmll D Alchemie Mielalter (Padbn Fnch tans Pais 4; c as Ad Mii Pag di Storia dela Chimca (ma 122; Jhn ad Prelude to Chemtry An Outl ofAhemy its Literature and Relatiohips (Lndn 1 F Shwd Tay he Alchemsts (Nw 14 AlbtMai Schmidt La Posie scentque en Frane au sei{me sicle (Pais 1, pp 1 sq (Th achmstpts Bad d Vvill Chis d Gamn Clvis Hsau d uys mnt Lynn Thndi Achmy duing th st hal th sixtnth cnty' (Ambx II , pp 2 Rbt
ppedice Aaou amod Lulle e llchimie Pas 95; ths co
sutes e touco to the Coclle ewly aslate y eoce Bouysso O Paacesus see Es astaete ei ud hemie aaceluSudie ezg 9 ; A F tley Paacelsus A su o soe cotoeses (mix 98 668; C G Jug aacelica Zch 94 P Shelock he Checa Wok o Paacelsus (mix 948 6; A Koy Miue Spiiuel lchime du XV icle aemad Pas 955 45 sq Gea ey ha egu a touco o the Bl ogahy o Alchey (mix 9 48; ths wok was uouately ot colete he woks o Geoge Sao oducio o he Ho of Sciee 5 ols, a o y hoke Ho of ag ad Expeimeal Sciece 6 ols ew Yok 99 4 clue u logahes See also he ctca eews ulshe oue Geoge Sao O alchey cosee o he atoal o o ew see ulcaell Le demeue philoophale e le molme
hemeiue da e appo avec ! ac e leoeme du adeuve Pas 9; J. Eoa La Tadioe emea
Ba 1 9 ; secoa eoe eua 948; Eugee Casele eux logi alchimiue Pas 1945; Alexae o Beus lchie d Heilku ueg 94; Ree Alleau pec de llchimie adiioee Pas 95 6 ogahes; auce Aae Noe u lalchimie Yoga comologiue de !a ch mivale he olue Yoga Sciece de !homme igal exts a stues ulshe ue he eco o}cques asu Pas 95 ; Claue Yg Nouee eme de hiloophe Chiue pe u le adOeuve de himie Pas 954; ths cues e coee ext o he aole dlae y Bea
Appendie 1 e Tes o e xpaion uieue y Goe Mos pp 3 logrpy) T C. JUN ND CH
Poesso Jgs esees owe og o ees e soy oesy o o e o o ee syos sel As pys ys e w esgg e se eo o e psye w ly epe eos I e ws glly e o he y o yology elgo es goes ws oe o es oe lly e poesses o e o lely o ep s pe o eoe I e ose o wok e ws k y e logy ewee e syol es o oe o s pes e syol o ey T e Jg o eg e seo y o e ee T e oe peo o ee yers e ee eee o ee o s pe o o s ee oloos He ws e o o y pose sggeo o osggeso I ws o 93 e elee ee o ano Aso o e syos o es e poess o o Tsyole es ospoeses ano-}ahbuh, III Z 936) ol lowe 936 y e ee: e Elsgsoell ge e Aee anoahbuh V 1937). I e s Jg opes sees o es sowg e sges e poess o o w e sese opeos o e op amum I e seo e eeo o oe psyoog epeo o e el syo ley gg pe epss o he yo ope o
Appendices
te edempo o mate Bo texs eaboaed ad osdeaby aped wee pbsed 944 book om w te tte Pscologie und Alcemie (Z Rase 2d ed evsed 95 2 Ate e Asoa etes asos o aem beome moe ad moe eqe Jgs wgs e oowg sdes deseve spea ote De Vsoe des Zosmos (EanosJauc, V 97 pp 554 a e veso as bee pbsed te ee vome Von den Wuel des Bewussei, Z Rase 95 4 p. 92 Die Pscoogie de eagung (Z 94 poegomea o te momea Mseium Coniioni, e st vome o w appeaed 1955 De Pilosopisce Baum (a s da was pbsed te Veandlungen de Natuscenden Gesesca Base Bd LV 945 pp 4 sq e text ompete evsed was ake p aga te vome Von den Wuel des Bewssei, p 5 49. We oesso Jg bega s eseaes to aemy ee was oy oe eay seos book o e sbe w aem was aked om e vewpot o dept psyoog Pleme de Msik und ie Smolik (Vea 94 y ebe bee oe o eds mos ba dspes. We e bega s eseaes J g dd o ee e ad e g o step otsde te s psooga bodaes o e sbe e was deag w ps as' ad e eaosp w e was e poess o dsoveg bewee em ad ea smbos ad opeaos aem Te emests ad adtoasts ate epoaed Jg o avg asaed to psy tems symbosms ad opea os w wee te esee asps ma epoaes wee made y eoogas ad posoes. e od d o ogve m o epeg egos o meapys oos ems o psyoog Jg's e o s obeos s e kow spsyoog s o
Appds
223
e i o e psyologis eey spii expeiee iplies psyi iy is liy s ei oe se wi wi i is e psyologiss ig y o oe isel ws e oey ipoe o Jg's esees ey eslise e ollowig e osios egoes poesses wi epess esees i ei syolis eig ows psyi esls oespoig o e suls o mt opao wo e i o eesie e eg sope o s a isoey eig sie o oe e pey psyologil ie peaio sggese y Jg is isoey oe i sse o is i e ey eps o e osios poesses o wi ea soisig esee o e sges spi opeiogosis ysiis ey w dos o ou wold o poa xp, a wi o e oy kes le ek wi e poe wo oe wos we e i e pesee o sge soliiy o se ewee e pos o e osios' es wkee es iios e) ose expeees wi y e e ey e osie e egoies o e poe esae wo y e osiee s elogig o sosiosess' ysil leil expeiees e) B Jg osee e ose o is esees e sees o es vs vll e lei syolis o wi e ws i e poess o iesigig opie poess o psyi iegio w e s e poess o iiiio S pos o e osios eeoe wee eie i o gios ey pse peise go iiio wi o Jg epees e spee el o eey eig ey e isoe o e possessio o is ow Sel B i we e i i e gol o e eis ws
2 24
Appendice
Ex a a h Phosops So a s h oqs o oa a aso o posssso o h So p aog o gs asao o go a h o o ag h wo o sa' os a a poss o ao ass h osos wo sso o osos a os agas s w a w as a owas hs ow Ss poss s ga as a p gao o opu ahmum o o aa a osos ao o s o a gs o a ao poss s o o a sa spa Cosq o s o oso a a sa s o spa p a a ook o o a a a o s as h psooga o T a pso wo as aa as a os os o a ps gao aso gos og oa o a ao ow h s o s ao s o sa as ha o a a o s ao aog oa a ak I a h o as a o osos posss w a ag w a spa gao w has o a sa oa as a ao o a o sa E sos s poa Jg as sow a aaogos po aa o s oaos s a app a p s a a ospog ss Iagao a aaoa sos a sa aa soa s a pa a ahema iuan-a a a aoao w a h ps ospos o ss o aa opao Jg ps s ow sos ao wa To as a pshoogs a w a s soss
Aende
5
d etis is ect t Mtte f chetyes d cesses f the cective cscis The o ac mcum is i eity the cess f idividti by which e becmes the Sef The e vtae wd be the ttmet f the Sef f Jg hd bseved tht he mifestts f the Sef tht is the ece f ceti symbs which e t d ce f the Sef big with them smethig f the itemty f the cscis which ds exessi i feeig f eteity d immtity Pchoo de ea) ece the chemists qest f immtity cesds the sychgic eve t the cess f idividti t the itegti f the Sef As f the Phi shes Ste Jg gives its symbism seve meigs et s ec st f tht f Jg the chemc ets e ea bt this eity is t hysic bt sychic Achemy eesets the jecti f m t ce csmc d sit i bty tems The im f the o mnum ws t ce te feeig f the hm s d the heig f the csms this sese chemy is ctti f Chis tiity the eyes f the chemists bseves Jg Chst ity sved m bt t te t is te chemsts e he he wd i its tity the Pshes Ste is c ceive s the F acocom wh hes the wd whees ccdig he chests Chst is te Svi f e Miccsm tht is f m y The timte g f the ou is Csmc Svti f tt es te a oo oum is idete wih Chst Jgs view wht te chemsts ced Mtte ws i eiy he Sef The f the wd the ma mund ieted by the chemsts with the mecu, ws imsed i Mtte F this es he chests beeved i e eity f Mtte which ws i eect thei w sychc sef The m f he ou ws t ee this Mtte t sve it i sht t b
Append osophes Sto that s t goous oy t
opu gloraton
S my atce o Jug a chemy (Le Due Ve 9 pp 99. W may ot a the hstoas o scc he ouay cee Jugs thess o chmy c Wt age Jugs Vews o chm ( 9 pp. 8 d Hyms w (Amx III 98 pp. 6
NOTE
CHEMY IN HE PERIOD OF TE RENISSNCE ND THE REFORMION he ehuasm pooked y the edscoey o Nopaosm ad stc Hmetism at the egg o th Itaa Reassace cotue o th oowg two cetus We kow ow that Neopatoc ad Hemetc doctes had a poou ad ceae mpac o phosophy a th as ad aso payed a mao oe th dopmet o achemca chmsty medce the atua scces ducato ad potca theoy W gad to achmy we must kep md that a um o ts asc pesuppostossch as he gowth o os the tasmutato o mtas he Ex ad the ogatoy sececywe caed o m the Mdde ges to the Reassace ad the Reomato Schoas o he seteth cetuy dd ot qusto o stac th atua gowth o mtas athe thy qued whethe th achemst mght assst Natu ths pocess ad whethe hose who camed to hae S W l Pru (L 958 rs Yts Godo Bruo nd
Hr Tdo g 97
( 9 m
T oru n
Appndic
7
done so red ere onest men, oos or imposters.' ermn Boerhe (1664179, usu onsidered to be the rst gret rtion hemist, mous or his empiri on duted epermets, sti beieed in trsmuttion And e sh short disuss the importne o hem in etons sienti reoution But under the impt o eoptonism nd ermetism the trditio hem, ie rbi nd Western medie hem, erged its rme o reeree The Aristotein mode s reped b eoptoni one, hih emphsized the roe o siritu itermediries beteen m, osmos nd the Supreme Deit The od nd uners diused oitio o the hemist's obortio ith ture o reeid Christoogi sigine. The hemists me to beiee tht, s Christ redeemed m through his deth nd resurretion, the opu lchcu oud redeem ture. The siteeth etur ermetist eirih hunrth idetied the Phiosopher's Stoe s esus Christ, the Son o Mroosm, nd thought tht its disoer oud ree the true ture o the mroosm, ust s Christ bestoed hoe ess o the miroosm, mn C G ung hs right insisted on this spet o Reisse nd Reormtion hem n prtiur, he reu iestig ted the pre betee Christ nd the Phiosophers Stone. n the eighteeth entur, the Beeditine monk Don Pernet summrized s oos the hemi interprettion o the Christn Mtu Their Eiir is origi prt o the Words uniers pirit, embodied i Virgi erth, rom y J Dobbs a w lch (Cmbidg, 96
4· p. 4·
C spily ychly my, ld by R C Hull d d
(non 968 pp 34 ( psCi lll). Dom A. J y, Dcar -mq (i, 8 rpi, oio
'Arche, Milan, 1969), p. 34 9·
228
ende
whch h [.. th Sprt ust b trcd ordr to udrgo l th cssry oprtos bor rchg th go th gloous d utb prcto. I th rst oprto [rearao], th Sprt s torturd ut h shds hs blood th stg ]ureco h ds wh th wht coor [abedo] succds th bck o [ngredo], h cos orth ro th drk ss o s tob d rsustts glory scds to hv s pur qutssc ro thr h judgs th vg d th dd th dd corrspodg to tht pt o whch bg pur d subct to ltrto, cot rsst th r d s thus hltd Gh. ro th Rssc owrd both th od oprto lchy d ths o rct ystcl d Chrstoogcl rtrprtto plyd dcsv ro th stoshg cultur torphoss tht d possb th truph o th tu sccs d th dust rvouto h hop o rdg d tur through th lchcl ou prologd th ostg or rdcl renoao tht hd obsssd str Chrstdo sc Gccho d or Rgrto tht s th sprtul rbrth, ws th Chrst gol pr clc but or y rsos bc vr lss prst sttuto zd rgous Rthr ths ostg or uthtc sprtul rbrth th hop or coctv eanoa d trsgurto o hstory sprd th dvl d Rssc populr lr ovts, prophtc thologs d ystc vsos s wll s rtc Goss ht s v or sgct s th ct tht sr hop sprd wht c b cld th chcl rtrprtto o th ous achcu h us chst thtc d cyclopdc scholr oh D (b. 57) who ssurd th Epror Rudol II tht h possssd th scrt o trsut to thought tht world ror could b chvd through th sprtul powrs rlsd by occultspcly lchcl
Appende
operaton he Engh alchet Ela Ahole, le any o h conteporare, condered alchey, atroogy and natural agc a the avour o he cence o ther day ndeed, or the ollower o Paracelu and van Helon, only through the tudy o checal phloophy (e he new achey or true edcne' could Nature be undertood Chetry and not atronoy wa condered o be the key that would nock the ecret o heaven and earth. Alchey had a dvne gncance Snce he Creaon wa undertood a a checal proce, both earhy and ceetal phenoena were nterpreted n checa er. On the ba o acroco croco relatonhp, the checal phloopher' could learn the ecret o earthly a well a heavenly bode hu Rober ludd gave a checal decrpton o the crcuaton o the blood, whch paleled the crcular oton o the un. Lke any o ther conteporare, the Heret and the checal phloophe were expectngand oe o the actvely preparnga radcal and general reor oall relgou, ocal and cultu nttuton. he rt ndpenable age o th unveral enoato wa the reor o learnng he Fama Fatentat, a hor boo publhed anonyouly n 614 whch launched the Rocrucan oveent, called or a new type o learnng. he ythca ounder o the order, Chran Roenkrantz, wa reputed to hae atered the te ecre o edcne and thu all cence. He then wroe a nu ber o boo whch are ept ecret and are tuded only by the eber o he Rocrucan order hu a the begnnng o . rnc hn Dee (London 9 R. W ns Rud nd h
Wr (Oord, 9 88. O Jon Ds nnc uon Kun c ncs Yas The Ricrucin Enghtenment -8 A G Dbus Alcmy nd Hson o cnc . 4 A G Dbu The Chemic Drem f the Renne mbrdg 68 14-. 4 Dbus The Chemicl Drem - 8 Fm Frterntt s nd n Ys The Ricrucin Enlghenment 8- A nc nslon o m
2
Appenes
the seveneenth centry we re cnronted gn with the od iir ythic scenro priordi reveion writen down by bos personge nd hidden or centries which ws tey rediscovered nd s conicted ony to secret grop o inttes. And s ws the cse with n Chinese Tntrc nd Heenistc tets the rediscover o the prordi revetion thogh st inccessbe to prone en s nnonced to the word in order to ttrct the tention o those who honesty serch or trth nd svton ndeed the thor o the Fama Fraeas sked the erned schors o Erope to ene their rt nd to jon the oicrcin Brotherhood n the reortion o ernng n othe words to hsten the gener renovao The response to this ppe ws treendo nd in ess thn ten ers seve hndred books nd trcs ppered debing the erits o the secret grop n 69 ohnn Ventin Andree who s spposed by soe historins to be the thor o the Fama, pbished Chrsanopo, book tht probby nenced Bcon's ew Aanz" n Chrznopos, Andree sggested tht proper conit be ored n order to ebore new ethod o erning bsed on cheic phiosoph'. n tht Utopin cty the center or sch stdies wod be the bortory there the sk nd the erth re rried together nd he dvine steries ipressed pon the nd re dscovered Aong the deenders o Fama Fraea" nd ths o the osicrcin order ws obert Fdd eow o the oy Coege o Physicins who ws so n dept o ystic che He Confessio Fateitatis C ( 6 n The Chyial Maiage of Chistian osen eut{ o J. V An (6-6 s bog o by rnr Goi La Bible des oeCox ( 97 A Chistianopolis: n Ideal State ofthe Seenteenth Cenuy rnl y Eil H ( o n onon 96. o s e osiuian Enlightenent 6 bs The Cheial Dea 9- on r Monomy Coss and Cuib Jonthan Valentin ndeae ( 6 64), Phoenix of the Theologans I-I ( g 97 Chistianoolos (ns. 9�7
Appndcs
mptiy sttd tht it s mpossb fo nyon to ttn t gst nodg of ntu phiosop ithou sous tinng in th out sins Fo him th u mdin s t y bsis of ntu phiosophy Ou nod of th mioosm i th humn body, i th us th stutu of th unis nd i thus d us o ou to Simiy, th mo n of th uns, th mo i nn bout ouss Rnt studis, spiy thos of Dbus nd Fns Yts h thon n ight on th onsquns of this sh fo n ning bsd on phiosophi hmisty nd th out sns. Th impotn onfd on th pi mnt pobing of hm ips in uippd bo tos ppd th y fo tionisti hmisty h ontnuous systmti xhng of infomtion mong th ptition of th out sins bought on th tion of mny dms nd nd sotis But th myth of th tu hmy did not os its imp, n on th uthos of th sint oution n n ssy pubishd in 158, Robt Boy dotd th f ommuntion of hmi s s md sts On th oth hnd, Nton thought ht it s not sf to m hm sts pubi nd ot to th Sty of th Roy Soity tht Boy shou p high sin on ths mtts Nton n pubishd th suts of his hm Robrt dd Aplg Cmpendrs Freem de Rse Cruce Supns et
nme Mculs Aspersm Verts qus Fluus luens e sergens ed, 616), pp 993 11o3 quod b Dbs p c. pp 22-23 • s s prid or b Mg E Roboo is publsd ritig o Robt ludd, Annls Scene 6 9 5) 376-9 . e Elii b s o oll o our s Rio o ou o dusr ts sould ot so u grdg o p t dd o bou o qi s ou Sours prrpto i t s s s Free ye ve receved ee ge t. Roboo p. 3 bov quoio s prodd b Dobbs Te Fundns Newn's Alcemy pp. 6 -69 • rgs o is ltr o H Oldbug, Apil 26 676 ( = to Crespndee I pp 1-3) r quotd b Dobbs p c p 9·
Appedices
studies eperimes, though he dered th some o his eperimes ere suessu His iumerbe hemi musrips, hoeverhih ere egeted ui 4 hve bee thoroughy vesiged by roessor Dobbs i her boo Aordig to Dobbs, Neo probe the hoe vst ieture o he oder hemy s it hs ever bee probed beore or sie (p 88) eo sought i hemy the sruture o the sm ord to mh his osmoogi system he disovery o he ore hih hed the pets i the orbts did ot stisy him om petey But i spite o his itesve eperimets om bout 1668 to 66, he ie to d the ores hih gover the tio o sm bodies Hoever, he i 678 he beg o ork seriousy o the dymis o orbit motio he ppied his hemi ides o trtio to the osmos As MGuire Rts hve sho, Neto s o vied h i eriest times God hd imprted the serets o ur hiosophy d o the true reigio to seet e his koedge s subsequety ost but prtiy reovere ter, t hih time i s iorported i bes d mythi ormu tios here it oud remi hide rom te vugr. I moder dys it ou be more uy reovered rom eperiee For his reso, Neto usuy ture to the most esoteri seios o hemi iterture, hopig ht the re serets ere hidde there. It is higy sigit tht the uder o moder mehi siee did ot reet the theoogy o the primordi seret revetio or di he ree he priipe o trsuttio, the bsis o hemies He rote i his
The Fodatios o Newto's Ahemy.1
1 The h e em mcp u he p ece b
J M Kee 196-9 ee b bb p 6 Rh S. We e he emec Sene Medne and Set n te Renaane Ea t Hn Wae Pae ee b e G. ebu e 9) pp. 83-98 esp. pp. 99 bb p 2 3 bb, p 9 eei E. MGe M R et he pe N and Red the Ral Set of London 2 1 (966): 10843·
Appendces
teate on ptcks The changng of Bode nto ght and Lght nto Bode, ve confomable to the coue of Natue hch eem delghted th Tansmutaton Accodng to Pofeo obb Neton alchemca thought ee o ecuel etablhed on the bac foundaton that he neve came to den the geneal vald, and n a ene the hole of h caee afte 675 ma be een a one long attempt to nte gte alchem and the mechancal phlooph When the rnpa a publhed Neton opponent emphatcall declaed that Neton foce ee n fact occult qualte Pofeo obb admt that h ctc ee ght Neton foce ee ve much lke the hdden mpathe and antpathe found n much of the occult teatue of the Renaance peod But Neton had gven foce an onto ogcal tatu equvaent to that of matte and moton. B o dong and b quantng the foce, he enabed the mechancal phoophe to e above the level of magna mpact mechanm p In h book Fore n Newtons hss, Pofeo Rchad Wetfall came to the concuon that t a the weddng of the Hemetc tadton th the mechanca phlooph hch poduced moden cence a t opng In t pectacua deveopment moden cence ha gnoed o ejected t Hemetc hetage In othe od the tumph of Neton mechanc abohed Neton on centc deal. A a matte of fact Neton and h contempo ae had expected qute anothe tpe of centc evouton. Polongng and expandng on the hope and objectve of the neoalchemt of the Renaancethat on the endeavo to edeem Natuemen a deent a Paacelu, John ee Nt O (L 704; rt t t 1730] N k
195), p. 374 ; quoted by Dbbs, p. 2 3 1 .
O t. . 30 Ra S. Wstall For n ewn hy: he Sene ofDynm he
Seveneenh enty (L .
a N k 191, 39 Dbbs
o. t.
Appende
Comenus, J. V Andreae Ashoe Fludd and ewon saw n alchem he model or a ore amous enerprse namel he perecon o an hrouh a new ehod o learnn n her ew, such a mehod would nerae a supraconessonal Chrsan wh he erec radon and he naural scen ces e medcne asronom and mechancs. hs amous snhess was n ac a new relous creaon speccal Chrsan and s comparale wh he resuls o he preous negraon o Plaonc Aroelan and Neoplaonc mea phscal consrucs he pe o learnn elaoraed n he seeneenh cenur represened he las hosc enerprse aeped n Chrsan Europe Such holsc ssems o know lede were proposed n ancen Greece Phagoras and lao u he charaerze esecall he Chnese culure where no ar scence or echnoo was nee whou s cosmoocal ehcal and esenal presupposons and pcaons
Index
A Afi ie t the fe 67 q mi 88 q; ivilizing ee 94 q. Alemy peity f 49 Bby lnin 7 1 q 88 Cinee 109 q 188 q extec d etei (in Cin) 0 q.; GecEgyptn 145 q 1 9 5 q; ndin 7 q. 9; itil igin 130 mt imptnt teie 1 3 1 q.; cnnetin wi yg d tn tm 7 q.; \Veten 1 5 3 q 19 nd nitiin 14 q; nd myiim 6 5 q.; nd templity 169 q; Tit Zen u6 diinl 197 Alying in mige ie 6 Atpgeny 40. A myt f te 66 B Bl 97 q Bellw ede f 9 Begbhein 47 q Blkmt: 104 q. Beting ecniqe f l4 q; embync in Cin us q
Cii 10 q. Clb ymbl f te Cm q
Cldn mi in Cin 6z ee Fuaces Cve , 4 1 , 1 1 8 q. Cente ymim f 39 q Cemity 17 q Cin leml flle in 90 q ee lcemy asm Scs
e Fuaces
Cit plelim wit Pilpe Stne 57 158 Cinnb q 1 1 7 q. Civilizing He Afin myti mi 94 q Cybne 10 q Cm in minite (Cin) I 18 19·
Cetn by mmln 0 q; mn 8 q. D Dty 0 q Det in emy 1 5 q. Devil mped wt mi 1 0 5 E EtMe 4 q Eii f mmlity in Cin 1 2 q. 1 q. F Fie Mte f 79 q. 87 q ging Ne 70 q; eu ymbim f 90 Fe 79·
ndex Furnac: sacredness of, 9 sacrces to the, human sacrces to the, 5 sq., sq in Meso potamia, sq compared to ma, 5 sq G Gaomart: myth of, 9 Gestaon mineraogical, 5 sq Gold 8 sq, sq.; in Chinese achemy, 5 sq n Indan alchem, sq recipes or countereing, 4 sq H Hammer: saedness of, 9 Heat: inner, o sq Hoo Fabe: 9 sq mtho log of 0 I mmortaity: 5 Immortas: Chinese mys of, sq Incest 5 5 5 Incouptile bod: n ndian al chemy, 9 sq nd: nitaton hamamic, 83 sq and alchem, sq Iron meteoite, 9 sq; from Heaven, sq.; sacredness of, sq; against demns 8 hatred of, ; egend conceing origin of, 9 0 mythology of, 8
J ade ung C G), and alchem, 5 sq, 99
K Ko Ch'ang-n s Ko ung (=Pao Pu'u, 3 sq, 1 2 5 sq .
Kubu 3 sq Kuetes: 0 sq L Language secretin achemy, sq Liehsin Chuan 9 sq Longevity through plan, 9 sq M Magic ight: of alchemis, 90 sq Marduk 3 sq, 5 Maage' of sulphur and mercu, '5·
Masters of Fre: 0 sq, Mateia prima: 5 sq, 3 sq ax 5 sq; caves and mines compared to, Mater: suerng, death d resur rectio of', 9 sq Mercur 8 sq; in ndia, 3 sq Mesopoma meallurical symbol sms and rituals in, sq Metallurgy: in Central Amerca, ; of iron in gp, sq.; Afcan, 59 sq Metals: Natu meamorphosis of, 50 sq growing in he mine 4 sq marrage' of 3 among prmitves, 9 Meteorites 8 sq, 9 Mine 4 compared to the matrix, Miner: Malayan, 5 sq; Afcan, 5 5 sq other msic re to, see
Regessus ad uteum.
Mo-e legend of, sq Munda: metallurgal myts among the 5 sq. Mutilaons: at iniatio 0 sq Mysteries and Weste alchemy, 0 sq Mhologies of he Soe Ages sq
e N Nagrun: 127 sq., 130 sq. vel: symbo of the 'centre, 39· Ndo 161 sq.
Odin: nd te svge hunt 10 sq. Opus Mgnum ph of 19 sq Orons melurgc mys mong te, 66 sq Or: compre to embryos, z sq 75 sq.; gynecomorphic birh of, 1 sq Oven compre to mtrix 3S; see
Fnac
Po Puu: see Ko H Prcesus: 19S. P Gni 0 3 sq, 1S6. Phnom hose: 10 sq Posophers tone: in Wte chemy 160 sq; nme of the, 163 sq Pills of Immority: in Cn 1 5 Pai uS sq 10 P�a maia see Mai pim Pha 3 1 , S sq R
R ad m 1 19 1 5 sq see Moh, R o oii •Retu to orgi: u6; see R m tes ogistc 1 S3 Rock crystl: 9
crice dung smetng sq cces: humn-to the fces 65 sq. Sal ammoni; in orientl lchemy, 9 sq
ecet ociees 103 sq exulity: n lchemy in Chin, 1 : 5 sq exuiztion of vegetble word, 3 sq; of sones nd mels, 37 sq; of tools 3S sq hmns supeor to smiths So sq; s sters of e, So sq. hiv god of mercury, 1 3 3 sq ky: scredness ttching to, sq; go of he 3 sq meting symbois o 6o sq. miths: in Aficn my, 90 sq; tools of he, 9 sq; Africn JS, 6 SS sq; in iberi, Sz sq; in v, 87 sq; relonship to shn, S1 sq; n poe 88 sq s mters of inittion, 97 sq in Chrstin folore 106 sq mithgos 30 sq, 97 sq pem: disllon of, in Chin 1 7 torm: Jj god of, 1 30. ulphur: S
T Tnsm: 1 1 sq Toism: 109 sq Toiss legendy biogphies of 7 sq. Telchnes 0 sq Therston 0 sq 30 179 sq; see Myhoos of h Son
A od of h Som
Timt 3 1 sq, 7 5 Time n hemy, 169 sq Tin: regred s ive, 5S Tnsmuttion: m of lexnrin lchemy, 17; though re 170 sq of metls, in nd 19 sq Tringle: sexul sybolsm of he sq 1 8 5 sq Tignes:
