Electronic Nav

Document revised April 10 This document is an extract from the Fly Safe! tutorial at http://flysafe.raa.asn.au/navigation/electronic_nav.html. The web document includes in-tet lins to the regulatory and other material mentioned. "opyright #ohn $randon

Electronic flight planning and the electronic flight bag The Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS! technology" combined #ith a current" accurate and approved aeronautical database" normally provide excellent position$fixing capability % and continuing &heading$to$steer& capability" #hen associated #ith a stored flight plan' GNSS is classified as a supplementalmeans ()* navigation system' +o#ever" contrary to good sense" some sport and recreational pilots and others! do rely on GNSS receivers % plus electronic on$screen position trac,ing e'g' a moving map display #ith o#n aircraft position centred! % as a primary$means navigation system' Electronic flight planning soft#are has been available for many years but the concept of the sport and recreational aviation &electronic flight bag& E)-! is introduced #hen a tablet computer #ith inbuilt or external GNSS reception is used for flight planning plus storage of % and inflight reference to % documents such as the follo#ing. aircraft flight manual/pilot&s operating handboo, E*SA and the A2 boo, A*)3*s and N3TA4s and georeferenced Airservices Australia digital aeronautical charts' The E)- is perceived as an aid to situational awareness and is not a C ASA approved navigation system ' So" electronic flight planning electronic ()* not situational a#areness aids are becoming the norm for many and recreational pilots" least because of the availability of. 1' 2o#erful" reasonably priced" reliable" general purpose" portable touchscreen tablet computers" #ith inbuilt and/or external GNSS connectability though perhaps not so easy to operate in normal flight conditions in very light aircraft! recognised in aviation as a %portable electronic device% 52ED6' 7' Smartphones and very fast broadband 8G/9G$:TE cellular mobile telephony net#or,s expanding around Australia plus the availability of ;i)i area net#or,s and -luetooth personal area device interconnection and data transfer all facilitating surface and inflight access to SG4ETs" -o4 #eather radar" lightning trac,ers and other information aids to situational a#areness' Note the cellular

mobile communication services class licence does not authorise the use of any mobile communication device in an airborne aircraft unless in an airliner e
Navigation system performance criteria There are four parameters for assessing the performance of a navigation system. integrity" accuracy" availability/vulnerability and continuity of service' ntegrity refers to the trust#orthiness of the device" i'e' user assurance that the data being provided by the device/s meets specified standards and that the system #ill alert the user #hen it is not meeting those specified standards' )or example" any GNSS system that fails to immediately and ade
primary-means navigation system for a flight phase" if specified procedures

are employed' Day ()* navigation does not use primary$means systems" only the sole$means system plus supplemental$means systems as reunction #ith a sole$means navigation system" but it must meet the integrity and accuracy re
The electronic flight bag The Australian regulatory status

The electronic flight bag 5E)-6 document reader concept has been utilised" to some extent" for many years by some of the #orld&s airlines" but the burgeoning #orld$#ide public acceptance of tablet computers % led by the Apple i2ad % has prompted the =A3 and national air#orthiness authorities to expand the regulations and enhance developments directed to#ard a paperless flight dec,/coc,pit' An E)- may incorporate a flight planning tool to facilitate the use of the data/documents stored in the E)-" both pre$flight" flight and post$flight' n 700C the nited States )AA released the document A= B1$C &se of =lass 1 or =lass 7 E)-&' That advisory circular is still current November 7017! and applicable to 2art B1 ()* preflight" flight" and post flight operations in the SA' n une 7017 the )AA published A= 170$C@- &Guidelines for the =ertification" Air#orthiness" and 3perational se of Electronic )light -ags&' A= 170$C@- is directed at the airline transport industry but also intended as a guide for S 2art B1 aircraft mostly general aviation!' n November 7017 the =ASA released a ¬ice of final rule ma,ing& including an advisory publication =AA2 788$10!' The A;- 00$01C issue 7 of 4ay 7010 #as

cancelled at that time'! The =AA2 defines the E)- as. %' portable (nformation System for flight dec crew members which allows storing) updating) delivering) displaying and/or computing digital data to support flight operations or duties.% The =AA2 provides general guidance for private pilots and states %The &F$) with *+S functionality) may be used for situational awareness only. (t is not an approved navigation system and cannot be used as the primary means of navigation.%

The recommended minimum display screen siFe is A? 710  19mm 57?Cmm diagonally6 or '8  ?' inches 510'1 inches diagonally6!' The A? paper$based dimension ratios of 1'91.1 don&t e
to the aeronautical data published in the A2 and on aeronautical charts" and the service provider&s systems and procedures do not introduce errors' n November 7017 an amendment to =A3 7'0 #as published adding the re
IElectronic flight bag" or E)-" means the portable electronic device of an E)system that satisfies all of the follo#ing re
Note. =lass 1 and =lass 7 E)-s are portable electronic devices 52EDs6 and limited to functionality level 1 and 7 soft#are' 'unctionality level % means that the E)-.

i! is used to vie# the aeronautical maps" charts" and other aeronautical information and instructions mentioned in =A* 788 1! h! but #ithout the functionality to change any of that data and ii! may have a flight planning tool to facilitate the use of the data mentioned in subparagraph i! and iii! may be 1 or more of the follo#ing. A! held in the hand -! mounted on an approved mount

=! attached to a stand$alone ,neeboard secured to a flight cre# member D! connected to aircraft po#er for battery re$charging E! connected to an installed antenna intended for use #ith the E)- for situational a#areness but not navigation and iv! unless secured in accordance #ith sub$subparagraph iii! -! or =! must be sto#ed. A! during ta,e$off and landing and -! an aircraft instrument approach and less than 1 000 feet above the =! during #hen the is flying at a height terrain and D! in turbulent conditions and v! has no data connectivity #ith the avionics systems of the aircraft and vi! may have #ireless or other connectivity to receive or transmit information for E)- administrative control processes only 'unctionality level 2 means that the E)-.

i! must have the functionality of functionality level 1 and ii! sub>ect to subclause 1'9" has 1 or more soft#are applications that use algorithms re
E)- soft#are suppliers As mentioned above there are a fe# Australian producers of flight planning soft#are #ho have entered a Standard Data :icence Agreement #ith Airservices Australia enabling the inclusion of the AsA map pac,s as part of their soft#are pac,age' T#o of those flight planning soft#are producers mar,et the concept of a tablet computer/mobile broadband hard#are system combined #ith E)- J flight planning J GNSS J flight monitoring soft#are' At November 7017 the soft#are from both producers is only Apple i3S compatible and intended for the i2ad" but it can be installed in an i2hone for ground use % i2hone hard#are does not meet the =ASA&s expectations for flight use' Note. it is the pilots legal re
until an instrument of approval has been received by the relevant data service provider" AsA&s paper charts must be available in flight another electronic device cannot be nominated as a bac,$up system' ;hen the data service provider receives a =ASA instrument of approval for the digital ;A=s and (N=s then private ()* pilots #ill be able to use an acceptable tablet computer" rather than paper charts" as the primary means of in$flight documentation' During 7017 the =ASA flight operations inspectors #ere surveying i2ad and flight planning soft#are usage #hen conducting ramp chec,s' E)- suppliers sell their ()* soft#are product on a remar,ably lo# cost annual subscription basis % at November 7017 around KC? p'a' The subscription includes the complete AsA ()* digital chart pac, for Australia and the updates of charts and other aeronautical data in accordance #ith AsA&s standard update cycle it also includes soft#are updates/expansions' Those data service suppliers might alter the AsA product for example the 98 ;A= charts have overlapping seams and the E)- supplier might &stitch& all the individual charts together to produce one very large seamless mosaic' :ocality names" or parts of names" may disappear from the seamless mosaic' Such activity" being an alteration of the AsA material" may be prohibited #ithin a =ASA approval instrument' Data service providers approved under =A* 788 must also ensure that all database material supplied cannot be modified by1! theh!user' The freely available Aeronautical nformation 2ublication plus updates is also included in the pac,age % the E)- supplier may add a search facility for E*SA and the A2 boo,' 4obile broadband service provider&s charges are" of course" an additional cost to be considered' Although there may be a G2S engine included in the hard#are it is recommended that an external GNSS aviation receiver engine be lin,ed to the hard#are' There are pac,aged GNSS engines available #hich output the navdata" via a -luetooth connection" to an i2ad" i2hone" Android or other display device' The cost for aviation types is KC? to K1?0' )or example the Garmin G:3 for aviation costs about K1?0 and receives#ith position date from and G2S satellites thus 9 satellite potential! an update rate G:3NASS of 10 per second' ;eight is @0 grams and S- connection also available' Note. from 7 )ebruary 701C all aircraft operating under the instrument flight rules must carry ADS$- 3T e
Note. the use of a cellular mobile voice or data communication device in an aircraft % that is not e
3F*un#ays E)- % from 3F*un#ays ###'oFrun#ays'com! Av2lan % from AvSoft ###'avsoft'com'au! t is suggested their manuals be do#nloaded for full information'