Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas

MDMHW^@KILFMWOH \IRMX & IFWMFFIX Ny Qrilfif Heijriv`rty Gormht`r, HI^MW K.W K.Wmhe (OOW Jeirilpur), Kmknmr-OMMM(]XI), IHK(]XI) Kmknmr OMMM 3H`kkufohito`f. X`h, Kohr`wivm Wem`ry ifg Wmhefoqums X`h, Iftmffi & \ivm Qr`pilito`f. X`h

Hdoqum b`r Ippdomg ^msmirhe of Mdmhtr`foh Wmhef`d`ly Igvioti H`rp`rito`f

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Rmht`r Idlmnri Idlmnri ,H``rgofitm Xystmks Xystmks & Rmht`r Hidhudus



























Rmht`rs & Rmht`r Idlmnri I dlmnri Wem stug Wem ugy y `b Mdm dmhhtr`kilfmtoh ohss ei eiss if oftmfsov ovm m ofv`dv dvm mkmft `b vmht`rs wemrm mftotoms irm mxprmssmg ny temor kilfotugms ifg gormhto`fs. Rmh mht` t`rr ig iggo goto to`f `fss su sunt ntrrih ihto to`f `fss kud udto top pdo dohi hito to`f `fss if ifg g go gov vos oso` o`fs fs `p `pm mritm `f tw` `r k`rm vmht`rs weohe `btmf eivm gobbmrmft gormhto`fs, teos kijm idd idlmnrioh `pmrito`fs of vmht`rs gobbmrmft br`k te`sm of shidirs. B`r mxikpdm

+ Ii y ; I + I ; ¹ > I ⇞ Rmht`r Iggoto`f I + I ; > I ⇞ Xhidir Iggoto`f I i x

>

>



























Xhidir Qr`guht (G`t `r Offmr Qr`guht)

; I h`s ς IN I  N ; I N h`s ∡( I, N )   

N

ς IN

; IN h`s ς IN ς IN

ς IN I

; N h`s ς IN IN ; NI



























Rmht`r Qr`guht (Hr`ss `r @utmr Qr`guht)

H

X IN

N

ς IN I

H ⊭ I ifg H ⊭ N

i x

iy

iz

I Ü N ; I

I

I



























H`fhd H`fhdusov usovm m Qòfts3 òfts3 •Rmht`rs irm mxprmssmg is temor kilfotugms kudtopdomg wote i ufot vmh mht` t`rr h` h`rr rrms msp` p`fg fgof ofl l t` te temo morr go gorm rmht hto` o`fs fs.. mht` t`rr id idl lmn mnri ri os go gobb bbmr mrmf mftt br br`k `k sh shid idir ir id idl lmn mnrri •Rmh

•Rmht`r hif f`t nm iggmg t` /suntrihtmg br`k i shidir mhtt`r ifg i sh shi idi dirr hif uf ufgm gmrrl` sh shid idir ir kud udto topd pdoh ohi ito to`f `f •Rmh





























H@@^GOFIWM X_XWMKX H``r `rg gofitm systmk mkss mxprmss te tem m kilfot otu ugm ifg te tem m gormhto to` `f `b i pòf oftt d`hitmg of spihm. Br`k i rmbmrmfhm pòft tem kilfotugm ifg gormhto`f `b i pòft of spihm os kmisurmg .Weùle kilfotugm hif nm kmisurmg br`k i rmbmrmfhm pòft(`rolof),tem gormhto`f fmmgs rmbmrmfhm ixos t`



























Hirtmsoif H``rgofitm Xystmk3 H``rgofitm Xurbihms, ]fot Rmht`rs, Xurbihm Mdmkmfts M dmkmfts ifg R`dukm Mdmkmft Mdm kmft /

z ; h`fst.

gX xy



























Hydofgrohid H``rgofitm Xystmk3 H``rgofitm Xurbihms, ]fot Rmht`rs, Xurbihm Mdmkmfts ifg R`dukm Mdmkmft Mdmkm ft gX xy z ; h`fst.

gX ω z



























Xpemrohid H``rgofitm Xystmk3 H``rgofitm Xurbihms, ]fot Rmht`rs, Xurbihm Mdmkmfts ifg R`dukm Mdmkmft, ε r sof ε gϝ gXεϝ



























Gobbmrmftoid R`dukm ifg Xurbihm Mdmkmfts

; gx gy gz gX yz ; f g X gR

; ( i y Ü i z ) gy gy gz

gR ; ω gω gϝ gz gXϝ z

; f gX ( i

Üi

gR ; r > sof ε gr gε gϝ gXεϝ

) ω gϝ gz

; f gX (

)

>

o ε gε g





























G`t Qr`guhts `b ]fot Rmht`rs



























z



























Xhidir Rmht`r H`kp`fmfts of Gobbmrmft H``rgofitm Xystmks



























Rmht`r Hidhudus

\m jf jf`w `w te tei it hid idhu hudu duss os te tem m kite temk mki ito tohs hs `b of ofbbof ofootmso soki kidd /go gobb bbm mrm rmf fto toi id



























Gmd (Findi), Lrig, Gov, ifg Hurd @pmrit`r of Hirtmsoif H``rgofitm Xystmk







































































































































































































































































































































































⇞ Ϗ t ∞ jz p ; h`fstift ∷ gobbmrmftoi gobbmrmftoitofl tofl wote rmspmht rmspmht t` tokm Ϗ ∞j

gz p

; Ϗ ∞ jλ p ; 1∷

gt gz Ϗ 9 5 ; ; (of brmm spihm) ≍ 8 Ü91 k / s: κ j ; >ρ λ p ; gt j ½1ν 1 κ

>ρ

Ϗ

bκ



























Issukofl tokm eirk`foh bomdg quiftotoms ifg sùrhm dmss kmgouk tem termm gokmfso`fid wivm mquito`f hif ids` nm gmrovmg vmry sokpdy of `fm dof ofm m is b`dd dd` `ws



























Ifok Ifokit itmg mg \ivm K`to` K`to`f f



























Oftrofsoh Okpmgifhm os gmbofmg is

Weos of d`ssdmss kmgouk nmh`kms3 μ;

z˂ y˂

( ½ ‾‾ ; ν ‾‾ ; 1) ;

½ ν

; μ`

½ r νr

wemrmμ` (of brmm spihm) ;

½ ` ν `

≅ 9>1ρ ≅ 8<< ™......(>8)

]sofl mquito`f (>>) mquito`f (95) & (9?) hif nm rmwrottmf is3 + ∞ cjz

M x ; M` m

∞ cjz

+ M ` m ......(>7) E y ;

M `+

μ

m

∞ cjz

∞

M `∞

μ

m cjz ......(>=)

Issukpto`fs b`r pirtohudir hisms `b kitmroid kmgouk (i) D`ssy kilfmtoh gomdmhtroh ↞ Lmfmrid hism is se`wf in`vm



























F`w wm wodd mdin`ritm hisms hisms (n) d`ssy gomdmhtroh gomdmhtr oh ifg (m) L``g h`fguht`r D`ssy Gomdmhtroh3 Of d`ssy gomdmhtroh ι ifg ξ irm bùfg t` nm, 9/ >

½ν ‾  ν ‾‾    ι ; ^m{ cj} ; Ϗ  9 +   ∞ 9 ......(>2) >   ν ‾  

Mx + -ι z

Mx ; M` m h`s( Ϗ t - ξ z)

½ν ‾ 

9/ >

ν ‾‾    ξ ; Ok{ cj} ; Ϗ  9 +   + 9 ......(><) >   ν ‾  

Mfvmd`pm≅ Mfvmd`pm≅ M`m-ιz

z





























η;

9

ρbδψ

wemrm wemrmbb os dofmir dofmir brmqumfhy brmqumfhy......(>?) ......(>?)

mquito to`f `f (>5 (>5), ), Hidh Hidhud udit itofl ofl ℔ br`k br`μkof mqui

℔;

Ϗ½ >ψ

;

ρ b ½ ...... ......(81 (81): ): ℔ osoft os oftrof rofsoh soh rmsos rmsosti tifh fhmm ifg ifg osid os ids` s` jf`w jf`wf f issu is surbi rbihm hmrm rmsos sosti tifh fhmm of kmtid mtidss ψ

Oftmr Oftmrihto ihto`f `f Nmtwm Nmtwmmf mf \ivms3 ivms3



























Xtif Xtifgo gofl fl \ivm îto îto` ` (X\^ (X\^)3 )3 Ify If y tw tw` ` wivms wo wote te si sikm km p` p`di diro rozzito to` `f, trivmdo dof fl of `pp pp`s `sot otm m gor ormh mhtto` o`fs fs wodd idwiys b`rk stifgofl wivms. Ob temy eivm sikm kilfotugm temf temy b`rk purm stifgofl wivms. Wem tw` wivms oftmriht of peism of s`km pòfts ifg 9511 ùt `b peism it s`km `temr pòfts. Wem rito` `b kix ixookuk ik ikpd pdootu tugm gm (of peis ism m of ofttmrih ihto to` `f) t` tem kofokuk ik ikpd pdootu tugm gm (951 1 ùt `b peism oftmrihto`f) `b tem stifgofl wivm os jf`wf is



























M9 + M >

M x ; M9m ∞ θ z + M > mθ z 9≧ |s| ≧ ∖

M9 - M >

s ; ∖ b`r purmdy stifgofl wivms s ; 9 b`r purmdy purmdy trivmdofl wivms

s ; X\^ ;

M9 + M > M9 ∞ M >



























Q`yf `yftofl tofl Wem` Wem`rm rmk k ifg ifg Q`wmr `wmr Mdmhtr`kilfmtoh mfmrly hif nm trifskottmg br`k `fm pdihm (trifskottmr) t` if`temr pdihm (rmhmovmr). îtm `b teos mfmrly trif tr ifsk skos osso so`f `f hi hif f nm gm gmro rovm vmg g br br`k `k Ki Kixw xwmd mdd‟ d‟ss mq mqui uito to`f `f,, ∌ Ü E ; C + Cg ; ψ M + ∌ÜM ; ∞

∎G ∎M ; ψ M + ν ......(87) ∎t ∎t

∎N ∎E ; ∞ ½ ......(8=) ∎t ∎t



























^mirriflof ^mirriflofl l tem tmrks tmrks ifg tijofl v`dukm v`dukm oftmlrid oftmlrid33

∎  9 ∎M > 9 ∎E >  > . M E ∌ Ü . g v ; ∞ ν + ½ g v ∞ ψ M gv ( )   ∪v ∪ ∪ ∎t v  > ∎t > ∎t  v Ippdyo Ippdyofl fl govmrlm govmrlmfhm fhm tem`rmk, tem`rmk,

∎  9 ∎ M > 9 ∎E >  > Ü . g ; ∞ ν + ½ g v ∞ ψ M gv......( 71 ) M E X ( )   ∪s ∪v  ∎t ∪v  > ∎t > ∎t 





























Xofhm, M(z ( z, tt)) ; M ` m

∞ι z

h`s( wt ∞ ξ z )i x ifg E (z, tt)) ;

M` μ

m ∞ι z h`s( wt ∞ ξ z ∞ ε μ )i y



























(

)

M ; M x i x + M y iy m

F`w 3

∞ cjz

.. . .....(7=)















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Bol >.7(n)



















































































































































































































Iftmf If tmf f i Mquo Mq uo vid mft Horh Ho rh u o t





































































































































Kixoku Kixoku k Mbbmhtovm Mbbmhtovm Ipmrturm Ipmrturm `b i skidd gop` dm

































































































































































































































































































































































































Wem kixok uk vidum `b t em irriy irriy biht `r lo vmf in`vm os F, t` f`r kidozm tem irriy irriy biht`r s` teit ots kixokuk vidum nmh`kms nmh`kms ufot w m g` tem b`dd`w ofl











































































































)



























Nrìgsogm



















































































































































































































^ms`fi s`fift `r Xtifg tifgofl ofl wivm wivm Iftm Iftmff ffi is ^ms ` f if t if t mf f is o s i h it ml ` r y ` b if t mf f is w e mr m h u r r mf t if g v ` d t il m



































































































Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas

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