ELECTROLISIS Y NÚMERO DE AVOGADRO
KEYDER ANDRÉS SUAREZ RAMOS MILTON MILTON SAEL APARICIO VILLANUEVA V ILLANUEVA MARÍA CAMILA TAMAY TAMAYO O SALAZAR MARÍA CAMILA LÓPEZ DELGADO MÓNICA MARÍA GALEANO MARTÍNEZ
DAIRO PÉREZ SOTELO INGENIERO QUÍMICO
UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA FACULT FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS CIENCI AS BÁSICAS BÁ SICAS DEPARTAMENTO DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA QUÍMICA 201
INTRODUCCIÓ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
OBJETIVOS OBJETIVO GENERAL
E%-)/# )& $ &$&'#$/%/% )& -! %#$-'/@! )& '/)# %-$87/'#*
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS D&&"/! $ &$'/@! &!& &$ !7"&# )& "#$&% )& /)#5&!# = &$ !7"&# )& "#$&% )& #+:5&!# &! $ "#$6'-$ ) 5-* )&&"/! &+(&/"&!$"&!& &$ ;$# )&$ !7"&# )& ;#5)#*
MARCO TEORICO Electrolisis L &$&'@$/%/% &% -! (#'&%# )#!)& $ &!&5: &$6'/' '"./ &!&5: 9-:"/'* E$ (#'&%# %-'&)& &! -! &$&'@$/#4 -! %#$-'/@! '-#% # %$&% )/%-&$% 9-& )&! $ (#%/./$/)) $#% /#!&% %& !%8&/)#% &!& )#% &$&'#)#%* E$ &$&'#$/# &% $ '#!&+/@! &!& $#% )#% &$&'#)#% 9-& "./6! &%! '#!&')#% '#! -! '#/&!& )/&'* E% -!/)) %& $$" '6$-$ )& &$&'#$/%/% = %& "-&% &! &$ '-)# )& .3#
S/ -%&) ($/' -! '#/&!& &$6'/'4 $#% /#!&% (#%//;#% "/5! $ '#)# "/&!% 9-& $#% /#!&% !&5/;#% "/5! $ !#)#* L#% /#!&% (#%//;#% %& $$"! '/#!&% = %#! #)#% $#% "&$&%* D&./)# %- ;$&!'/ (&)/&#! &$&'#!&% = (-&)&! #" &$&'#!&%* L#% !/#!&% %#! /#!&% !&5/;#%* L$&;! !#"$"&!& $#% &$&'#!&% = &!#!'&% /&!&! $ #(#-!/)) )& '&)&$#%* S/ $#% '/#!&% &!! &! '#!'# '#! &$ '#)#4 '(! )& !-&;# $#% &$&'#!&% 9-& (&)/&#! = (%! $ &%)# &$&"&!$* L#% !/#!&% &''/#!! )& -! "!& #(-&%* S/ &!! &! '#!'# '#! &$ !#)#4 '&)&! %-% &$&'#!&% = (%! $ &%)# &$&"&!$* E! &$ &$&'#)#4 $#% '/#!&% %&! &)-'/)#% = $#% !/#!&% %&! #+/))#%*
Electrolisis del a!a L &$&'@$/%/% )&$ 5- &% $ )&%'#"(#%/'/@! )& 5- 2O &! #+:5&!# O 2 = )& /)@5&!# 5% 2 )&./)# -! '#/&!& &$6'/' 9-& (% ;6% )&$ 5-* D)# 9-& &$ 5- (- !# '#!)-'& &$&'/'/))4 %/ %& $& 5&5! -!% 5#% )& '/)# %-$87/'# 2SOH4 %& -/$/! &$&'#)#% )& ($/!# = %& ($/' '#/&!& '#!/!- !#% &!'#!"#% '#! 9-& &$ ;#$-"&! )& 2 '#)# &% &$ )#.$& 9-& &$ )& O 2 !#)#* C-!)#
= %@$# 9-&)& &! &$ -.# )& &!%=# &$ 2 = &$ O2 -/$/!)# -! %/$$ #.%&;&"#% 9-& &! &$ O2 )& /!&!%"&!& "/&!% 9-& &! &$ 2 %& (#)-'& -! &+($#%/@!* A# $% %&"/&''/#!&% = &''/#!&% 9-& /&!&! $-5 &! $ &$&'#$/%/% )&$ 5- %#!
O"idaci#$% &'&O (l) * +', (ac) , O& () , +eRed!cci#$% &'&O (l) , &e- * '& () , &O'-(ac) Reacci#$ total e$ la celda &'&O (l) * &'& () , O& ()
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO L E$&'#$/%/% &% -! (#'&%# 9-& '#!%/%& &! $ )&%'#"(#%/'/@! )& -! %-%!'/ "&)/!& &$ %-"/!/%# )& -! '#/&!& &$6'/' ;6% )& $#% &$&'#$/#% = (#)-'& &!&5: 9-:"/' &''/@! 9-:"/' &)#+ $ '-$ )/;/)& # %&( '/#!&% = !/#!&% 9-& %& &!'-&!! &! %#$-'/@! &! %&"/'&$)%* A# $ &$&'#$/%/% )&$ 5- .%/'"&!& %& &! %-"/!/% &!&5: &$6'/' -! '&$) '#"(-&% (# 5- '/)-$) &! $ '-$ %& (#)-'& -! &''/@! 9-:"/' )& @+/)# &)-''/@! $ '-$ !# &% &%(#!!& = )-!& &$ !%'-%# )& $ '-$ %& !%8/&&! &$&'#!&% )& -! &%(&'/& 9-:"/' # )#!)& %& %&( &$ /)#5&!# 2 )&$ #+:5&!# O2*
'IPÓTESIS M&)/!& &$ -%# )& $#% "#!3&% )& $ F/5- 1 = 2 ( $ &$&'#$/%/% )&$ 5-4 = '#! &$ -%# )& )#% /(#% )& &$&'#)#% &$&'#)#% )& 58/# = ($/!# %& &!) &$ "/%"# ;#$-"&! )& #+/5&!# (#)-'/)# (# $ &''/@!J S& (#) )&&"/! &$ "/%"# ;$# ( &$ !7"&# )& A;#5)#J
Fi!ras . / &
E0UIPO 1 MATERIALES • • • • • • •
P/(&% )& "L = 10 "L A(# )& /#88 B$#!&% 8#)#% )& 100 "L P& )& %-''/@! B&'& )& 100 "L V#$:"&# E$&'#)#%
• • •
F%'# $;)# P/'!@"&# C#!#"&#
REACTIVOS • •
A5- )&%/$) Á'/)# %-$87/'# $ 10
DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO
INSTALA R
M#!3& &+(&2/"&!$
LLENAR
EL %/%&" )&$ (%# !&2/#2 '#! B'/)# %-$872/'# $ 10
INTRODUC IR
U! '#22/&!& '#!%!& 2;&% )& $#% &$&'2#)#%
MEDIR
V#$-"!& )& 5% (2#)-'/)#
AUMENTA R
V#$3& (252&%/;"&!&
MEDIR
;#$-"&! )& 5% (2#)-'/)#
REPETIR
L#% )#% (%#% !&2/#2&% C% $$&52 $ ;#$3& "B+/"# )& $ 8-&!&
C2LCULOS 1 RESULTADOS
Ta3la . I!&!%/)) )& '#/&!& "(&/#%*
H
T/&"(# )& $ &$&'#$/%/% %
20
V#$-"&! )& 2 &'#5/)# "L
,0
V#$-"&! )& O2 &'#5/)# "L
,*
A$- )& $ '#$-"! &!& !/;&$&% )&$ -.# '&!$ = .-& )&$ O 2 '"*
12
A$- )& $ '#$-"! &!& !/;&$&% )&$ -.# '&!$ = .-& )&$ 2 '"*
,>
P&%/@! B#"6/' )&$ $.##/# ""5
>,<
T&"(&- )& $ %#$-'/@! = $#% 5%&% K
2< K
P&%/@! )& ;(# )& $ %#$-'/@! )& '/)# %-$87/'# $ 10 *
,*1E1
D&!%/)) )&$ "&'-/# 5"L 1
1*01>
C2LCULOS 1* I!/'/$"&!& %& '#!;/&& $ (&%/@! )& $ '#$-"! )& %#$-'/@! )& $% .-&% )& 2 = O2 ""5
P H = 2
PO = 2
ρ Sln∗370 mm = ρ Hg
ρSln∗370 mm = ρ Hg
g ∗370 mm mL = 29,05 mmHg g 13,52 mL
1,0617
g ∗118 mm mL =9,26 mmHg g 13,52 mL
1,0617
2* A# %& '$'-$! $% (&%/#!&% &! # )&$ 2 = )&$ O2 )&!# )& $% .-&% Pgas= Patm + PSln − Pvap. sln
E! &% 8@"-$ %& &&"($! $#% ;$#&% )& $ .$ = %& #./&!& −6
P H =738 mmHg + 29,05 mmHg− 3,51 x 10 mmHg 2
P H
=
2
767,05 mmHg
=
767,05 torr
−6
PO =738 mmHg + 9,26 mmHg − 3,51 x 10 mmHg 2
PO =747,25 mmHg= 747,05 torr 2
,* C$'-$"#% &$ !7"&# )& "#$&% )& 2 = O2 (#)-'/)#% A%-"/&!)# 9-& !# &$ /)#5&!# = &$ O+:5&!# %& '#"(#! '#"# 5%&% /)&$&% %& $$&5 $ &$'/@! PV =ɳ RT
ɳ H
=
ɳ O
=
2
2
PV = RT
PV = RT
( (
( 1,01 atm )∗(0,03 L) =1,24 x 10−3 mol atm∗ L 0,082 ∗(298,15 K ) K ∗mol
)
( 0,98 atm )∗(0,0035 L) =1,40 x 10−4 mol atm∗ L ∗( 298,15 K ) 0,082 K ∗mol
)
H* C$'-$"#% &$ !7"&# )& '#-$#"./#% )& '5 &$6'/' 9-& (%#! Q I x t =
Q= 4,0
C x 260 seg s
Q=1040 Coulombios
* C$'-$"#% &$ !7"&# )& &$&'#!&% -%)#% &! $ &$&'@$/%/%*
−¿
1
e −20
16 x 10
−¿ =6,5 x 1021 e ¿
Coulumbios −¿= 1040 Coulombios ∗¿ ¿ e
* C$'-$"#% &$ !7"&# )& &$&'#!&% -%)#% (# "#$ )& 2 = O2 (#)-'/)#%* −¿
e mol H
2
−¿
e
21
6,5 x 10
−3
1,24 x 10
mol H 2
=5,25 x 1024 ¿
−¿
e
=¿
ɳ H
2
¿ −¿
e mol O
2
−¿
e
21
6,5 x 10
25
−4
1,40 x 10
molO 2
= 4,64 x 10 ¿
−¿
e
=¿
ɳ O
2
¿
>* C$'-$"#% &$ !7"&# )& A;#5)# '#! .%& &! $#% ;#$7"&!&% )& 2 = O2 (#)-'/)#%* −¿
e conrespectoal O 2 mol −¿ e mol H 24 24 5,25 x 10 =1,31 x 10 ¿ 2
4
! =¿
−¿
e conrespecto al H 2 mol −¿ e mol H 25 =1,16 x 1024 ¿ 4,64 x 10 2
4
! =¿
ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS
E$ 8-!)"&!# )& &%& (#'&)/"/&!# &% $ &$&'#$/%/% )&$ 5- '/)-$) $ '-$ 8-& &' .%& )& 2SOH $ 10 "% 5-* E% !#"$"&!& %& &!'-&! /#!/) $ 1004 #.&!/&!)# -! )/%#'/'/@! 2 SOH4 $ %-"/!/% '#/&!& &$6'/' %& 5&!& &! $% "#$6'-$% )& $ %#$-'/@! '/)-$) -! )&%(&!)/"/&!# 5%&#%# )& 2 = O2* E! &$ &%-$)# #.&!/)#4 &! &$ 5% )&%(&!)/)# 8-& $"'&!)# &! &$ "#!3& = &$ ;#$-"&! #.&!/)# )& 5% 8-& "&)/)#* C#! &$$# (-)/"#% '$'-$ $% ;/.$&% )& A;#5)# '#! &%(&# $#% )#% 5%&% 2 = O2*
CONCLUSIÓ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
BIBLIOGRAFIA
CANG4 R="#!)* COLLAGE4 /$$/"%* Q-:"/' G&!&$* M' G? /$$* &)* M6+/'#*
GARRITZ4 D/!* CAMIZO4 A4 #%6* GARRITZ4 A!)#!/* E%-'- A@"/'4 -! &!8#9-& 9-:"/'#* A))/%#!&%$&= I.&#"&/'!* /$"/!5#!* E%)#% U!/)#%* 11*
GOLDITE4 #$) = SPIELMAN4 R4 #!* Q-:"/' U!/;&%//* '#- B'& '#;/'* C#"(&!)/#% -!/;&%//#%* N&? =#**1*
SKOOG4 EST* D#-5$% !) D#!$)* Q-:"/' A!$:/'* M'G?/$$* M&+/'#* 1* P5 202H*
