ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING – ENGINEERING – COACHING NOTES
Lead acid does not depend on: Ans: Rate of charge
Lead acid consists of: Ans: Dilute sulfuric acid, sponge lead, and lead peroxide
Conputer on a chip is called: Ans: Transputer
Transputer consists of Ans: 32 bits Nibble consists of ____ bits. Ans: 4
OP amp has a gain of approximately Ans: 1,000,000
The voice coil has an impedance between Ans: 4 and 100 ohms.
Semiconductor have ____ bonds. Ans: covalent
Nimak gantry robot has Ans: good precision positioning
Sulphation in a lead acid cell is Ans: to incompletely charging
Nickel cadmium can be charged or discharged because Ans: water is neither absorbed or formed.
Daisy chaining Ans: method used in determining interrupt priorities in a microcontroller.
Who coined the term robot? Ans: Karel Capek
LASER is classified as Ans: monochromatic. Coherent and collimator.
555 timer consists of Ans: astable, monostable and VCO
Early effect is also called Ans: base width modulation
The effect produced due to flow of electrons and holes Ans: drift current
Process of adding impurities in the intrinsic semiconductor Ans: Doping
What is reduced by using bundled c onduction? Ans: Power loss due to corona. ________ is also called modified Maxwell W ien bridge. Ans: Anderson bridge.
________ is a bridge that compares the capacitance of the capacitor. Ans: De Soutry bridge
It measures unkonown inductance in terms of resistance and capacitance. Ans: Anderson bridge
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An IC consists of passive devices. Ans: Film IC SI unit of luminous intesnisty Ans: Candela SI unit of illuminance Ans: Lux A microwave diode that has a frequency range of 10-1000 GHZ Ans: IMPATT diode A microwave diode in the negative r esistance region. Ans: PIN diode Schmitt trigger acts like a Ans: Latch Fermi level is in the Ans: Forbidden gap Invalid NAND flip-flop violation Ans: S=0 C=0 Invalid NOR flip-flop violation Ans: S=1 C=1 Range of depletion width Ans: 0.5 and 1 um Impedance matching Ans: Transformer coupling and emitter follower. Maxwell-Wien bridge measures Ans: Inductance D flip-flop consists of Ans: JK flip-flop, RS flip-flop and inverter Uses binary counters Ans: D flip-flop Ideal CMRR Ans: Infinity SCARA uses ____ operation Ans: Assembly Gold doping has an advantage of Ans: Reduced storage time. It is the time for the diode to be forward biased to off time Ans: Reverse recovery time The reverse current doubles in every ___ °C increase in temperature. Ans: 6 LASER and LED are in what spectrum? Ans: Infrared spectrum. GaAs is used for Ans: Infrared light or invisible light Tapped coil oscillator Ans: Hartley
Tickler coil oscillator Ans: Armstrong
Tapped capacitor oscillator Ans: Colpitts
The sediment that allows the bottom of the lead acid cell Ans: Antimony Lead alloy
Two transistors in class B is in Ans: Push-pull
Photodarlington consists of Ans: Transistor and phototransistor
Largest voltage applied without irreversible damage Ans: PIV
Thermal neutron is also called _____ neutron. Ans: Slow
Avalanche breakdown is due to Ans: collision
One nibble consists of Ans: 4 bits
Large computer has a maximum of Ans: 64 bits
Card readers can read about Ans: 10.000 cards per minute
Advantage of ECL Ans: Lowest propagation delay
Schottky TTL has Ans: Least propagation delay
Main advantage of CMOS Ans: Low power
CC voltage gain Ans: cannot be exceeded to unity.
Largest voltage applied without irreversible damage Ans: PIV
Transputer operates in Ans: parallel data
It is an IC consist of passive and active devices Ans: Monolithic IC
It is an IC consist of passive devices Ans: Film
Discrete circuit Ans: Digital circuit
Linear circuit Ans: Analog circuit
Backhausen criterion is a c ondition that Ans: stops oscillating
Negative output swing occurs Ans: near saturation
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Positive output swing occurs Ans: towards cut-off When dry cell is c harged, Ans: It increased in volume Class C acts Ans: as an RF amplifier Crystal uses Ans: RF transmitter A class of amplifier that has 85% efficiency Ans: Class C With Si, Z=14, it is Ans: Half-filled Formation of Si in valence shell Ans: 2, 8, 4 Volatile memory is Ans: Semiconductor ROM Semiconductor ROM is Ans: Combinational Logic circuit EPROM erases when strikes by Ans: Ultraviolet rays Bolometer acts like a Ans: Thermistor Ondograph is Ans: A waveshape of voltage and current. Nickel iron cell consists of Ans: NiOH, powdered iron and its oxide and 21% of potassium. CE is Ans: Phase reversal Photoconductive cell is also called Ans: photoresistive cell The smallest of all h parameter is Ans: hO The formula of h11 is Ans: V1 /I1 The h parameter consists of Ans: Construction, operating point and temperature Moving coil occurs in Ans: DC VTVM internal resistance is Ans: the highest internal resistance It measures magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Ans: Permeameter Simple RL low pass measures -12 dB/octave, corresponds to ___ dB/decade Ans: -40 Rotational joins of the robot is called _____ Ans: Revolute joints.
Straight line joints movement of the robot is called Ans: Prismatic joints Input and output point Ans: Handshaking
RL high pass filter has a phase difference of Ans: 45 degrees
Who invented the microprocessor in 1969? Ans: Ted Hoff
Who invented the 1st IC? Ans: Jack Kilby dI/dt of an SCR is Ans: local hot spot
3 ½ display maximum reading Ans: 0999
3 ½ 1 mV reading Ans: 1000
Straight line method Ans: piecewise linear method Improper biasing of IC Ans: causes distortion
One kWh of energy is equivalent to Ans: 860 kcal
Junction breakdown occurs in Ans: reverse bias
Ratio of Ah and Wh is Ans: greater than one.
The capacity in a cell is measured in Ans: Ah
In the IC, the SiO2 layer is Ans: isolation
A V/I characteristic curve is Ans: Boltzman diode characteristic.
Early effect is also called Ans: base width narrowing.
Advantage of Swinburne’s test is Ans: very convenient and very economical.
An IC consists of ceramic substrate Ans: thin film IC
An IC consists of alumina substrate Ans: thick film IC
It is the development of a traverse electric field in a solid material when it carries an electric current Ans: Hall effect
It is used when the input signal has periodically occurring intervals in which the input waveform is quiescent Ans: synchronized clamping
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A circuit that produces an output only when first activated by a preliminary pulse Ans: sampling gate Successive trigerring signal induces a transition regardless of the state in which binary happens to be Ans: symmetrical triggering Both carrier drift and carrier diffusi on depend on ___ Ans: Einstein relation Microprogramming is Ans: A technique to implement the control logic necessary to execute instructions within a processor. It is used to measure a speed by cutting off light at a regular interval Ans: Stroboscope Thermal runaway is Ans: is an electrochemical reaction that causes a battery to heat and possibly explode. A kind of ROM that degrades its own memory contents as the memory is read Ans: EAROM An inductor operates at 400 Hz Ans: Toroidal core An inductor operates at 95 MHz Ans: Air core Data bus Ans: It is data lines in a system bus. In converting intrinsic into N-type extrinsic semiconductor, which element cannot be used? Ans: Indium Pin resistor has industrial heating in Ans: Hairpin form Any solid object has ___ degrees of freedom Ans: 6 Flip-flop as a latch Ans: S-C flip flop PIN diode Ans: A microwave diode frequencies up to GHz range. Ip/Iv of a tunnel diode is used in Ans: Computer application Noise figure of MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) Ans: 3.5 to 6 dB Unique advantage feature of CMOS Ans: Power in a nanowatt range Any charge in a battery when taken off the vehicle Ans: Bench charge LASCR acts like a Ans: Latch
A word has Ans: 16-bit length
A double word has Ans: 32-bit length
A company who invented the word byte Ans: IBM
Degrees of freedom is t he number of ______ independent movements including the end effector Ans: independent
An inductor operates at 400 Hz Ans: Toroidal core
Percentage loss of the dc wound machine Ans: 1 %
When dc voltage is removed, the clamper acts as a Ans: Rectifier
Optocoupler consists of an Ans: LED and phototransistor Optoisolator consists of an Ans: LED and phototransistor Positive feedback Ans: Oscillator Phase locked loop Ans: Frequency discriminator, FM detector Air as inductor core has Ans: Greatest efficiency What increases noise immunity in op-amp?
Ans: Hysteresis
CMOS has extremely Ans: Large packing density
Solar cell has a principle of Ans: Photovoltaic cell
Sensor that detects change in resistance in extrinsic semiconductor Ans: Spreading Resistance Sensor (SRS)
Resisitve element
Ans: Horizontal axis Reactive element
Ans: Vertical axis Sine wave with all harmonics
Ans: Square wave
With 100 Ω to match with higher input impedance, the configuration is Ans: Common base
It abruptly changes from 2 voltage leads
Ans: Square wave
Reduce the stray capacitance and capacitance between bridge arm by grounding Ans: Wagner Grounding
63.2 %
Ans: One time constant
A meter sensitivity control in a test instrument Ans: Linear Taper Potentiometer
A sine wave oscillator, sine wave circuit
Ans: Crystal
A volume control in a stereo compact disc player Ans: Logarithmic Taper Potentiometer
Positive pulse on anode terminal
Ans: Turning on an SCS
Faster in retrieval and storage compared to magnetic tape Ans: Magnetic Disk
It has more ripple in a bandpass and cut-off frequency Ans: Chebyshev filter
Darlington pair of transistors is _____ by Beta factor. Ans: multiplied
CCD has ___ transfer electrons Ans: 6
Neutral logic Ans: Trinary logic
3 phase rectifier that uses 6 rectifier element
Ans: Gratz rectifier What uses as marker of 100 kHz?
Ans: 2 flip-flops Feature of R-S to J-K flip-flop
Ans: Toggle LC balance bridge
Ans: Maxwell bridge Operator on microwave frequency
Ans: GaAs over Silicon or Germanium
Totally true, totally false Ans: Fuzzy logic
J-K flip-flop frequency
Ans: Divides the frequency by 2.
Which is not a factor of capacitance? Ans: Plate thickness
Small capacitance formed by twisting 2 insulated wire
Ans: Gimmick Capacitor
Ideal input impedance of an op-amp Ans: Very high
Modified Miller circuit
Ans: Phanastron
Ideal output impedance of an op-amp Ans: Very low
Converts step to ramp circuit
Ans: Miller circuit
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Servocontrolled robots are robots within ___ mm range rather than a fraction of mm.
Electron hole pair is done by
Ans: Thermal energy
Ans: 2
It is an electron tube which emits photoelectrons when the cathode is eliminated
JFET square law device is because
Ans: its characteristic curve is parabolic
Ans: Phototube
Tank circuit
Ans: Antiresonant
It is a radiant energy absorbed by the radiant to incident energy
Ans: Absorptance
Cut-in voltage or turn on voltage current
Ans: Exponentially increases
Inventor circuit
Ans: Converts dc to ac circuit
Electron beam deflected from axial to enlarge
Ans: Deflection defocusing
Laurence or Living stone
Ans: Magnetic resonator or cyclotron
Equal ratio bridge
Ans: Heaviside Campbell bridge
Microporgramming
Ans: Sequence of five binary codes
Silicon oxide (SiO2) is for
Ans: Insulation
540 degrees
Ans: Phase opposition
APD is better than PIN diode is for
Ans: Speed of operation
Power efficiency of solar cell
Ans: 5% to 15%
Voltage for temperature stability of zener diode
Ans: 5.6 V
Thermal detector
Ans: Bolometer
3 superconducting inductor in parallel
Ans: Persistor
Exact location of data
Ans: Absolute code
Application of semiconductor
Ans: Wafer
Fundamental frequency in all harmonics
Ans: Sawtooth wave
LC circuit is used for
Ans: Load current
dV/dt of SCR
Ans: False trigerring
Power factor of RC is between
Ans: 0 and 1
Monolithic IC uses
Ans: Extensive large components
Minimum Duty Cycle of Bust converter
Ans: Dmin = 1 – 2f sLc RL
MOS IC uses
Ans: MOSFET
Ans: Schottky diode
LED emits light because
What is the difference on the input impedance of BJT and FET?
Ans: A FET has high input impedance while BJT has low input impedance.
Buck Boost converter critical inductance
Ans: Lc = (1-D)2RL 2f s
Ans: Electron and holes recombine
Boost converter critical inductance
Ans: Lc = (1-D)2DRL 2f s
A diode with no depletion region
Buck converter critical inductance
Ans: Lc = (1-D)RL 2f s
Marking of scale to accept standard
Ans: Calibration
Typical CMRR
Ans: 100 to 10,000
Zener diode is in
Ans: reverse diode
Typical CMRR in dB
Ans: 40 to 80 dB
The temperature coefficient of extrinsic semiconductor is
Ans: negative
Accuracy of Wien bridge
Ans: 0.5% - 1%
Voltage of selenium semiconductor
Ans: 1 V
Typical value of armature resistance
Ans: 0.5Ω
It is preferred to manufacture diode and temperature rating
Ans: Silicon
Isotope …
The saturation voltage of an op-amp is ___ smaller than the power supply
Ans: 2 V
Ans: Abundance ratio
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Solid grounding has a voltage below
Ans: 660 V
Resistance grounding has typical voltage between
Ans: 3.3 – 11 kV
Percentage conductivity of pure annealed silver wire
Ans: 108.8%
Percentage conductivity of 99.5% pure gold
Ans: 72.6%
Percentage conductivity of 63% pure aluminum
Ans: 63%
Corona is maximum on
Ans: transmission lines
Transformer that operates on the frequency range of 20 kHz to 20 MHz
Ans: Carrier frequency transformer
JFET configuration for buffer amplifier
Ans: common drain
JFET configuration for good voltage amplification
Ans: common source
JFET configuration for high frequency amplifier
Ans: common gate
The dc-dc converterwith unregulated input voltage and regulated output voltage
Ans: SMPS (Single Mode Power Supply)
First fuel battery was invented by _____ in 1959.
Ans: F.T. Bacon
Unlike buck and boost converter, the buck boost converter featured output voltage:
Ans: opposite polarity to input.
NMOS is _____ than PMOS Ans: 6 times What is the diameter of the wafer used in manufacturing? Ans: 3 to 8 inches Standard spacing for IC chip Ans: 2 um and 3 um Advanced spacing for IC chip Ans: 1 um BCC crystal structure Ans: Chromium HPC crystal structure Ans: Zinc Another name for differential amplifier Ans: Subtractor A factor that determines the filter response Ans: Damping factor Unity gain amplifier has ____ input im pedance Ans: Extremely high Megger is Ans: used to measure high resistance
First transistor
Ans: Point contact
A camera with imaging positron effect with multiple layer of silicon detector Ans: Compton camera
It reduces gain to a limiting level
Ans: Limiter
SMPC operates between ON state and OFF state at a frequency of Ans: 10 kHz and 40 kHz
Main ingredient of dry cell
Ans: Zinc container
Percentage of the transistor current flows in the collector Ans: 95%
Ingredients of wet cell
Ans: Zinc and copper
Microcontroller consists of Ans: Microprocessor, memory, input and output unit
A transformer on the frequency of 15 kHz
Ans: Converter transformer
What type of cell used in the emergency system? Ans: Silver-zinc cell
Corona is due to
Ans: radio interference
Typical voltage of lead-acid Ans: 2.1 V
Lattice in which the lattice points are only shown in the crystal Ans: Bravais Lattice An error due to shortcoming of instruments Ans: Systematic error
An error that cannot be corrected Ans: Random error
It is a substance where the bulk is composed Ans: Element
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Increasing transmitter height Ans: Decrease capacitance and inductance remains the same. Undergrounding conductor is Ans: Maximum at the conductor and minimum at the sheath A transformer that has a frequency range from 100 Hz – 150 kHz Ans: Converter transformer Surge impedance of cable Ans: 50 Ω Ideal input impedance of op-amp Ans: 50 Ω Formula for the increase % in saturation current Ans: 2((T2-T1)/10) X 100%
Ideal noise factor Ans: 0 dB
Vacant lattice site with missing atom relocated to a interstitial space with no atom. Ans: Frenkel effect
FCC packing factor Ans: 0.74
Linear change of input Ans: Ramp input
Instantaneous, finite input Ans: Step input
Indicating device orientation of object Ans: Selsyn
An AC bridge that measures mutual inductance Ans: Heaviside bridge
One of the most important bridge in determining link capacitances Ans: Schering bridge
Highest dielectric strength Ans: Glass
High sensitivity Ans: Permanent magnet
A transformer in laminated core reduced Ans: Eddy current
An analysis used for more than one voltage source Ans: Superposition theorem
Maximum magnitude of the output voltage from an op-amp is called Ans: Saturation voltage
A graph of amplitude versus input frequency Ans: Bode plot
Effect of recombination on depletion region Ans: Emission coefficient or ideality factor
Magnetic amplifier operates at a frequency at ____ or less Ans: 100 Hz
Most commonly used coupling Ans: Transformer coupling
Typical LED voltage Ans: 1.6 V
Capacitance of disc ceramic capacitor Ans: 100 pF
A bypass capacitor at high frequency Ans: Ceramic capacitor
Indicating device orientation of object Ans: Selsyn
Odd parity checker Ans: XOR
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Shelf life of lithium cell Ans: 5 to 10 years Negative feedback Ans: Increases bandwidth and decrease voltage gain Alkaline cell ingredient Ans: Potassium hydroxide Advantage of NiCd over lead acid Ans: Cell on NiCd can be replaced By adding parallel circuit to t he inverting amplifier Ans: Inverting summing Linear amplification Ans: Level clamper Theory of magnetic flux in a closed system equal to zero Ans: Gauss theorem Personal error Ans: Gross error Advantage of magnetic disk to magnetic tape Ans: Easier to read The maximum current can safely handle Ans: Ampacity JFET reference voltage Ans: Source Buffer amplifier gain Ans: 1 AWG no. 6 Ans: 0.395 Ω/1000 ft. AWG no. 12 Ans: 6350 cmil Indicating device orientation of object Ans: Selsyn A mass of 1.66 x 10-27 kg. Ans: Unified amu Reciprocal of Avogadro’s number Ans: amu Electrostatic radius of an atom Ans: 10-14 Manipulator has ___ degrees of freedom Ans: 3 Arrange in data arrays Ans: RAM OS memory Ans: BIOS Voltage amplifier Ans: Pre-amplifier Latest used data Ans: Cache memory
LIFO Ans: Stack memory
Minimum distance of features in a chip Ans: Geometry
Number of elements not found in nature but also prepared in laboratories Ans: 105
IC advantage Ans: Reliability
Minimum to maximum range Ans: Span
1/5 of the Wi-Fi range Ans: Bluetooth
Temperature of Class B motor Ans: 130°C
Temperature of Class F motor Ans: 155°C
Pure ac voltage single frequency Ans: Single pip
Cannot be used as a permanent magnet Ans: Caryon
In double’s Kelvin bridge, 1Ω to 10 uΩ Ans: 0.05% - 0.2%
Wien bridge oscillator Ans: f = 1/(2πRC)
Most important IEEE standard interface Ans: IEEE 488 digital interface
Common method of coupling used in cascade amplifier stages Ans: Transformer
It is most obvious at higher frequencies Ans: Corona
Early IC packaging method used in transistors Ans: TO (Transistor Outline)
PLCC Ans: Plastic Lead chip memory
It is used in Hi-Fi audio system to split frequencies to fed tweeter and woofer Ans: Crossover network
Resistance offered by a PN junction in AC conditions Ans: Dynamic resistance
Characteristic of shared systems to avoid mixing up of print outs or programs Ans: Spooling
Absorption of slow moving electrons by an interleaving matter Ans: Ramsauer effect
If a load is removed from a long transmission line, the sending voltage end is less t han receiving end Ans: Ferranti effect
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Corona results in Ans: Radio interference Ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of all metals Ans: Weidemann Franz Law Color of neutral in 3-core flexible cable Ans: Blue It is neglected in short transmission line analysis Ans: Shunt admittance It is located near transformer Ans: Lightning arrester Volume of atom ratio to cell volume Ans: Packing factor RLC circuit that provides undamped oscillation Ans: Ringing circuit Contact between metal and heavily doped-semiconductor Ans: Ohmic contact Comparator with hysteresis Ans: Schmitt trigger Negative electron Ans: Negatron Input continuously increases constant output Ans: Level Clamp Four arm AC bridge measures inductance by standard capacitance Ans: Maxwell Bridge Shows positions of lattice points Ans: Bravais Lattice Measures the diameter of an atom Ans: Ernest Rutherford Ratio of the AC power supply to the plate power supply Ans: Plate efficiency Electromechanical device that converts electrical to mechanical by attraction of iron plunger to the electromagnet Ans: Solenoid Lithium battery Ans: Microcomputer memory back-up Protection against electric shock Ans: Earthing The heat generated melts the portion at the tip of the electrode and the base of the metal Ans: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Advantages of PCB Ans: Eliminates bigger chassis and point to point mounting Energy to raise the electron t o another orbit Ans: Excitation
It is used in high voltage and high current application for most efficient regulator Ans: Switching regulator
What refers to garaging the two adjustments of an Ac bridge together in such a way that changing one adjustment changes the other in a special way, but changing the second adjustment does not change first? Ans: Orthogonal nulling
Not common sine wave generator Ans: Multivibrator
Range of degrees of freedom Ans: Work envelope
Physical bend, twist, and reach Ans: Manipulator
Poor selectivity Ans: Wide bandwidth
It has amplifier and feedback Ans: Electronic amplifier
Maintenance of oscillation Ans: Flywheel effect
Free electrons collidal to bound electrons causing mere current carriers Ans: Avalanche effect
Magnetic leakage due to 100% coupling Ans: Electromagnetic effect
A particle resulting to an atom of an element combined to form a compound Ans: Molecule
P shell number of electrons Ans: 72
Solid formed by covalent bonding Ans: Crystal The resistance in the magnetic path to the magnetic lines of force Ans: Reluctance
The flux density in an iron core when the magnetic intensity is zero Ans: Residual magnetism
When an electron rises to the conduction band a hole is created in the valence band, this called _____ Ans: Electron hole pair
Operating temperature of silicon. Ans: -175 to 350°C Highly sensitive material Ans: Permanent magnet
Smallest ripple voltage Ans: Multi-section LC filter
Highest torque Ans: Series motors
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Motivating input in a control system which is independent with the output Ans: Command input Development process of a microcrystal molten Ans: Crystal growth The voltage regulator, the component used as a comparator Ans: Op-amp It is not an resistance welding Ans: Arc welding Atom to atom bond on surface with oxide free surface Ans: Pressure welding Elimination of stray capacitance Ans: Shielding and grounding 2 identical shunt motor Ans: Hopkinson In double’s Kelvin bridge, 1Ω to 10 uΩ Ans: 0.05% - 0.2% AC voltage frequency converter from one form to another Ans: Cyclo converter Skin effect seen at Ans: High frequencies Indicates the address of next instruction Ans: Program counter Drift current is directly proportional to mobility, diffusion is directly proportional to concentration of diffusion Ans: Einstein relation dV/dt in SCR Ans: False trigerring It divides an HF signal so that a low frequency counter would be able to display the operating f requency Ans: Prescaler circuit Responds to the variation in incident photon Ans: Quantum detector Draws less current from circuit under test Ans: FETVM It provides very high electrical isolation between control ckt and power ckt, has high impedance between light source and phototransistor. Ans: Optoisolator It is used to measure variations by the changing metallic resistance Ans: Bolometer Most common bolometric device Ans: Thermistor These are mostly used in robot than AC because it can with stand large overload. Ans: DC motor and stepper motor Converting sine wave to series of pulses Ans: Timing Marker Generator
Current regulator alone Ans: Regulator IC alone
What do you call a short circuit having minimum resistance? Ans: Dead short
What is used in measuring wires from number 0 to number 36? Ans: AWG
Discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potential Ans: Corona
Power transformer normally operates at ____ alternating current. Ans: 60 or 400 Hz
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 0 to 1 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 0 to 4 mA DC? Ans: Perception
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 1 to 4mA, 60 Hz, AC or 4 to 15 mA DC? Ans: Surprise
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 4 to 21 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 15 to 80 mA DC? Ans: Reflex action
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 21 to 40 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 80 to 160 mA DC? Ans: Muscular Inhibition
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 40 to 100 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 160 to 300 mA DC? Ans: Respiratory failure
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of over 100 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 300 mA DC? Ans: Fatal
What is the effect of hydrogen surrounding the anode of a cell which increases the internal resistance of the cell? Ans: Polarization
What is the anode of a lead –acid cell? Ans: Lead peroxide What is the cathode of a lead acid cell? Ans: Sponge lead
What is the anode of a NiCad Cell ? Ans: Hydroxide
What is the anode of a silver zinc cell? Ans: Silver oxide
What is the cathode of a silver zinc cell ? Ans: Zinc
What is the production of the hydrogen gas caused by a portion of the charge current breaking down the water in the electrolyte? Ans: Gassing
What is the shelf life of lithium organic cell and lithium inorganic cell? Ans: 20 years
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In what charge is the charging rate determined by the battery voltage rather than a definite current value? Ans: Floating charge What charge is used to keep a battery at full charge while the battery is idle or light duty? Ans: Floating charge Floating charge is sometimes referred to as ___ and is accomplished with low current. Ans: Trickle charge What is used when a battery must be recharged in the shortest possible time? Ans: Fast charge Electrical safety precatutions must be observed. A fatal shock can occur from ___ ampere of current. Ans: 0.1 Voltages as low as ___ volts have been recorded as causing sufficient current to be fatal. Ans: 30 What type of extinguishers are used to extinguish electrical fires? Ans: CO2 Under favorable conditions, the body resistance may be as low as ___ ohms Ans: 300 The body resistance is possibly as low as ___ from temple to temple if the skin is broken. Ans: 100 In a voltage divider, bleeder current is usually determined by the ___ percent rule of thumb. Ans: 10 A theory of magnetism based upon the electron-spin principle. Ans: Domain Theory. What action results in the increase in current that generates more heat and the cycle repeats itself until the diode draws excessive current? Ans: Thermal runaway What is the faithful reproduction of a signal in an amplifier? Ans: Fidelity What dc generators are designed to act as high gain amplifier? Ans: Amplidynes What is the range of the dc resistance of most motor armatures? Ans: 0.05 to 0.5 ohms What is usually the lamination thickness of the armature core of a small generator? Ans: 1/64 inches Mechanical rotation of frequency is measured using a device called___. Ans: Tachometer The rotation of frequency of recording devices and teletypewriter motors can be measured by the use of _____. Ans: Stroboscope.
Ans: MAG
What is an instrument that allows you to view rotating or reciprocating objects intermittently and produces the optical effect of a slowing down or stopping motion? Ans: Stroboscope
What is an electronic flash device in which the flash duration is very short, a few millionths of a second and can measure very rapid motion? Ans: Strobotac
What is a combination of watch and revolution counter? Ans: Chronometric tachometer
What type of bolometer is characterized as an increase in resistance as the dissipated power rises? Ans: Barreter
What type of bolometer is characterized by decrease in resistance as the power increases? Ans: Thermistor
What instrument is used for measuring radio frequency (rf) power? Ans: Thermocouple ammeter
Which of the following robots is used for machining processes? Ans: Cincinatti T3
Kuka spot welding has ___ degrees of freedom. Ans: 6
Exx1x Ans: All positions
Exx2x Ans: horizontal positions
Magnetic audio tape Ans: Parallel
Magnetic video tape Ans: Diagonal
Thickness of magnetic audio tape Ans: 1 mil A sawtooth wave has a ____ added to become trapezoidal wave. Ans: resistor
Absent of current welding Ans: cool sub-interval
1.5 H Ans: Air pot core
Who coined the term robotics? Ans: Isaac Asimov
Oldest welding Ans: Forge welding
Klystron Ans: High achievable power output
Inert gas Ans: MIG
Active gas
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Antrophomorphic robot is Ans: more maneuverable It is also known as metal inert gas. Ans: Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Robot with facial expression Ans: Kismet Toy dinosaur robot Ans: Pleo Snap acting switch Ans: Microswitch Approach in which introduce factory automation t echnology Ans: Islands of automation Degree of automatic. Ans: Level of automation Orange, blue and gray diode Ans: IN368 It is the welding electrode comes forward and engage the metal pressing against the surface. Ans: squeeze interval It is the welding in which the welding transformer energized and the current flows and create a weld. Ans: weld interval It is the weld interval that is finished Ans: hold interval Welding electrode is retracted Ans: release interval A time after release interval to the next start sequence. Ans: Standby interval. It is a closed loop feedback control system in which one or more of the system signals represent mechanical motion. Ans: Servomechanism. Exx3x Ans: Flat E60xx has a tensile strength of ___ Ans: 60,000 psi With AC or DC similar to E6010 Ans: E6011 Major power supply of MIG Ans: DCRP Medium penetration Ans: E6013 Can be prevented by arc welding Ans: Arc flow Faying surfaces in one spot Ans: Resistance spot welding Faying surfaces Ans: Resistance seam welding
Resistance of the work Ans: Resistance welding
Mass of 60-lb IR robot Ans: 60 kg
Deep penetration Ans: Submerged arc Deep penetration Ans: DC reverse
Medium penetration Ans: DC straight
Fast welding Ans: Flash welding
10,000 to 50,000 Hz welding Ans: High frequency welding Image resolution Ans: Dot pitch
Voltage of dry electrolytic capacitor Ans: 500 V
Apply electrostatic voltage in plastic Ans: Electroactive polymer In electrolytic positive, ___ of the total heat. Ans: 2/3
Prevents corona Ans: Braid 450°F below… Ans: Soldering above 450°F joining of two metals Ans: Brazing
Metal active gas Ans: CO2
Multimeter on the lower center switch Ans: Range switch Multimeter on the lower left switch Ans: Function switch
Aluminum D-ARsonval movement Ans: Bobbin
Positive lead Ans: Red Negative lead Ans: Black
Angular momentum of robot Ans: Yaw
GaAs disadvantage Ans: more expensive
Disadvantage of Transformer to capacitive coupling Ans: more expensive
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A motor or transducer that converts energy (electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic) into power used to produce motion or power. Ans: actuator The ability of a robot to position its end effector at a programmed location in space. Ans: accuracy Control signals that are processed by directly measuring quantities (voltages, resistances or rotation). This can be hydraulic, electronic or pneumatic. Ans: analog control A robot or machine that r esembles a human. Ans: android A robot with rotary joints t hat can move m uch lik e a person’s arm. Ans: anthrophomorphic robot An interconnected set of links and powered joints comprising a manipulator that supports or moves a wrist, hand or end effector. Ans: arm The ability of a machine system to perceived anticipated or unanticipated new conditions, decide what actions must be performed under the conditions and plan the actions accordingly. The main areas of applications are expert systems and computer vision. Ans: artificial intelligence Also known as assembly cell or assembly station. A concentrated group of equipment such as manipulators, vision modules, parts presenters, and support tables that are dedicated to compute assembly operations at one physical location. Ans: assembly The use of any one several techniques to determine the presence or absence of features. This technique include simple mechanical probes and vision systems. Ans: automated inspection Automatically controlled operation of an apparatus, process or system by mechanical or electronic devices that replace human observation, effort and decision. Ans: automation A traveled path in space, usually referred to as a linear direction of travel in any of three dimensions. Ans: axis A robot in which motions are controlled by driving each axis or degree of freedom against a mechanical limit stop. Ans: bang-bang robot A platform or structure to which a robot arm is attached; the end of a kinematic chain of arm links and joints opposite to which grasps or processes external objects. Ans: base A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more workstations or machines and the material transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them. Ans: cell
maximum limited work area and in many cases servicing only one machine. Ans: floor mounted robot
A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more cells, and the material transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them. Ans: center
An assembly between two closely related rigid members enabling on member to rotate in relation to the other around a mobile axis. Ans: complex joint
The use of an interactive terminal workstation usually with graphics capability to automate the design of products. It includes functions such as drafting and fit-up parts. Ans: computer aided design (CAD)
Working from a product design likely to exist in a CAD data base, it encompases the computer based technologies that physically produce the product, including parts program preparation, process planning, tool design, process analysis and parts processing by numerically controlled machines. Ans: computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
A numerical control system with a dictated mini or micro computer that performs the functions of data processing and control. Ans: computerized numerical control (CNC) The unit of automatic work for a robot. Within a cycle, subelements called trajectories define lesser but integral elements. Each trajectory is made up of points where the robot performs an operation or passes through depending upon the programming. Ans: cycle (program)
The number of independent ways the end effector can move. It is defined by the number of rotational or translational axes through which motion can be obtained. Ans: degrees of freedom
The joint that connects the upper arm and forearm on a robot. Ans: elbow Also known as end of arm tooling or simply a hand. The subsystem that links the mechanical portion of the robot (manipulator) to the part being handled or work on, and gives the robot the ability to pick yp and transfer parts and/or handle a multitude of different tools to perform work on parts. Ans: end effector
Robots with little if any computer power. Their only intelligent functions consist of learning a sequence of manipulative actions, choreographed by a human operator using a teach box. Ans: first generation robot system
Also known as nonservo robot or open robot. A robot with stoppoint control but no trajectory control. Ans: fixed stop robot Multipurpose robots that are adaptable and capable of being redirected trained or used for new purposes. Ans: flexibility operational
An arrangement of machine tools that is capable of standing alone, interconnected by a workpiece transport system and controlled by a central computer. Ans: flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
Also known as pedestal robot. A robot with its base permanently or semi-permanently attached to the floor or bench. Such a robot is working at one location with a
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That portion of a jointed arm which is connected to the wrist and elbow Ans: forearm. An overhead mounted, rectilinear robot with a minimum of three degrees of freedom and normally not exceeding six. Ans: gantry robot. The grasping hand of a robot, which manipulates objects and tools to fulfill a given task. Ans: gripper An approach used to introduce factory automation technology into manufacturing by selective application of automation. Ans: islands of automation. The degree to which a process has been made automatic. Relevant to the level of automation are questions of automatic failure recovery, the variety of situations that will be automatically handled, and the conditions under which manual intervention or action by human beings is required. Ans: level of automation An electrical switched positioned to be switched where a motion limit occurs, thereby deactivating the actuator that causes the motion. Ans: limit switch A mechanism usually consisting of a series of segments or links, jointed or sliding to one another, for grasping or moving objects, usually in several degrees of freedom. Ans: manipulator A method for the control of machine tool systems. A program containing all the information, in symbolic numerical form, needed for processing a workpiece is stored on a medium such as paper or magnetic tape. Ans: numerical control Developing robot programs partially or completely without requiring the use of the robot itself. The program is loaded into the robot’s controller for subsequent automatic action of the manipulator. Ans: off-line programming Software that controls the execution of computer programs, may provide scheduling, allocation, debugging data management, and other functions. Ans: operating systems Also known as positioning. The consistent movement or manipulation of an object into controlled position and altitude in space. Ans: orientation The equipment used in conjunction with the robot for a complete robotic system. This includes grippers, conveyors, parts positioners and parts or materials feeders that are needed with the robot. Ans: peripheral equipment Also known as bend. The angular rotation of a moving body about an axis that is perpendicular to its direction of motion and in the same plane as its top side. Ans: pitch
Also known as photoelement or photosite. A digital picture or sensor element, picture is short for picture cell. Ans: pixel
The act of providing the control instructions required for a robot to perform its intended task. Ans: programming The envelope of variance of the robot tool print position for repeated cycles under the same conditions. It is obtained from the deviation between the positions and orientations reached at the end of several similar cycles. Contrast with accuracy. Ans: repeatability
A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move a material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. Ans: robot
The science of designing, building and applying robots. Ans: robotics Also known as twist. The rotational displacement of a joint around the principal axis of its motionj, particularly at the wrist. Ans: roll
A robot with a computer processes added to the robotic controller. This addition makes it possible to perform, in real time, the calculations required to control the motions of each degree of freedom in a cooperative manner to effect smooth motions of the end effector along predetermined paths. It also become possible to integrate simple sensors, such as force torque, and proximity into the robot system ,providing some degree of adaptability to the robot’s environment. Ans: second generation robot system
A controller that operates an application though a fixed sequence of events. Ans: sequencer
A robot driven by servomechanisms, that is, motors or actuators whose driving signal is a function of the difference between a commanded position and/or rate is measured actual position and/or rate. Ans: servocontrolled robot
An automatic control mechanism consisting of a motor or actuator driven by a signal that is a function of the difference between a commanded position and/or rate and measured actual position and/or rate. Ans: servomechanism
The manipulator arm linkage joint that is attached to the base. Ans: shoulder The maximum velocity at which a manipulator joint can move; a rate imposed by saturation in the servoloop controlling the joint. Ans: slew rate
The use of two or more cameras to pinpoint the location of an object in a three dimensional space. Ans: stereo imaging
The detection by a robot though contact of touch, force, pattern slip and movement. It allows for the determination of local shape, orientation and feedback forces of a grasped workspace. Ans: tactile sensing
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A robot system characterized by the incorporation of multiple computer processors, each operating asynchronously to perform specific functions. It includes a separate low level processor for each degree of freedom and a master computer supervising and coordinating these processors, as well as providing higher-level functions. Ans: third generation robot system The orientation of a view with a video camera, in elevation. Ans: tilt A continuous position control response to continuously changing input requirements. Ans: tracking A movement such that all axes remain parallel to what they were. Ans: translation The acquisition, movement thorugh space, and release of an object by a robot. Ans: transport The portion of a jointed arm that is connected to the shoulder. Ans: upper arm Also known as the robot operating envelope. The set of points representing the maximum extent or reach of the robot tool in a directions. Ans: work envelope The envelope reached by the center of the interface between the wrist and the tool, using all available axis motions. Ans: workspace A set of joints, usually rotational, between the arm and the hand or end effector, which allow the hand or end effector to be oriented relative to the workpiece. Ans: wrist The angular displacement of a moving joint about an axis which is perpendicular to the line of motion and the top side of the body. Ans: yaw What magnet is used in computer memory circuits? Ans: Ring magnet What magnet is used in some meter circuits? Ans: Horseshoe magnet “If the electrons of the atom in a material spin more in one direction than in the other, the material will become magnetized”. This refers to what theorem? Ans: The Domain theory of Magnetism What theorem assumes that all magnetic materials are made up of magnetic molecules which, if lined up in north to south pole order, will be a magnet. If not lined up, the magnetic fields about the molecules will neutralize each other and no magnetic effect will be noted? Ans: Weber’s theory of magnetism What do you call a short circuit having minimum resistance? Ans: Dead short What refers to a continuation of current flow within an electrical cell when there is no external load? Ans: Local action
The amount of increase in the resistance of 1 ohm sample of the conductor per degree of temperature rise above 0°C is called what? Ans: Temperature coefficient of resistance
What do you call the resistance to current leakage through the insulation? Ans: Insulation resistance
What is the common name for enamel insulated wire? Ans: Magnet wire
What term is general one and usually applies only to the larger sizes of conductors? Ans: Cables
The process of applying thin coat of solder to materials prior to their being soldered. Ans: Tinning
The addition of atmospheric oxygen to metal to form rust, or to cause a breakdown in the internal construction of the metal. Ans: Oxidation
What refers to a continuation of current flow within an electrical cell when there is not external load? Ans: Local action
A continuous jacket of lead molded around a single conductor or multiple conductor cable. Ans: Lead sheath
What do you call the force exerted on an insulator by the voltage in a conductor? Ans: Electrostatic stress
The discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potential. Ans: Corona
A material that removes oxides from surfaces to be joined by soldering or welding. Ans: Flux
A synthetic mixture of rosins that is flexible and used as an insulating material. Generally used as an insulator for low and medium range voltages. Ans: Thermoplastic
The capacity of a soldering iron to generate and maintain a satisfactory soldering temperature while giving up heat to the material being soldered. Ans: Thermal inertia
What is the working voltage of a dry electrolytic capacitor? Ans: 500 V If arcing should occur between the plates of an oil filled capacitor, the oil will tend to reseal the hole caused by the arcing. Such a capacitor is referred to as ____ capacitor. Ans: self-healing
The maximum voltage that can be steadily applied to the capacitor without the capacitor breaking down (shorting) is called ____ of the capacitor. Ans: working voltage
What is meant by “local action”? Ans: Current flow in cell with no external load.
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The left side of the pulse Ans: Leading edge The right side of the pulse Ans: Trailing edge What is the process by which an atoms gain or losses electrons? Ans: Ionization Any group of energy levels that results from the close proximity of atoms in a solid. Ans: Energy bands How many pulsations per revolution have the output voltage of an elementary single coil dc generator? Ans: Two How many commutator segments are required in a two-coil generator? Ans: Four What is the distortion of the main field due to the effects of armature current? Ans: Armature reaction What type of prime mover requires a specially designed high speed alternator? Ans: Steam turbine What type of rotor is used in slower speed alternators? Ans: Salient pole rotor What type of rotor is wound in a manner to allow high-speed use without flying apart? Ans: Turbine driven type rotor What term is used to denote the difference in speed between the rotor which is always somewhat less than the speed of the rotating field? Ans: Slip What mechanical device reverses armature connections in motors and generators at the proper instant so that current continues to flow only in one direction? Ans: Commutator What motor characteristic is affected by counter emf? Ans: Speed How is EPROM erased? Ans: with a burst of ultraviolet light Whenever data is transferred between devices, it involves the exchange of prearranged signals. What is this process called? Ans: Handshaking What test is used to check for opens (or to see if the circuit is complete or continuous) and is accomplished with an ohmmeter? Ans: Continuity test What type of circuits are caused by some conducting part of the circuit making contact either directly or indirectly with the metallic structure of the ship or chassis? Ans: Ground circuits Shunts are usually made from what alloy? Ans: Manganin
What property of shunt is desired because of the heavy currents that often flow through shunts producing heat? Ans: Zero-temperature coefficient
In D’Arsonval meter, many turns of fine wire would be used, each turn adding more effective length to the coil. The coil is wound on an aluminum frame called ___. Ans: bobbin
What is an important point to remember when you are making an accurate resistance measurement? Ans: “Zero” the meter each time you select a new range.
BJT better than FET Ans: radio receiver
Wineglass Ans: Plasma arc welding
… plasma Ans: Plasma arc welding
Slow speed Ans: Salient pole
High speed Ans: Turbine driven type rotor
Differentiation Ans: Submerged
Comparison solenoid Ans: Relay fixed core
Human arm Ans: Serial robot
Input display signal voltage Ans: Vertical deflection coil
Replacing DC motor/recently used Ans: Piezo motor
Rapid discharge of electrical energy Ans: Percussion welding
Hydrogen Electrode Ans: E7018
False Ans: Air has the concentrated magnetic field
Electron gun tube Ans: CRT
Electron field tube Ans: Electron beam
Multicavity Klystron Ans: Variable electron speed
Fuse Ans: Quick break type
Magnetic frequency increases Ans: Power output decreases
Cause of electrons due to the longitudinal Ans: Magnetic field
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Along a joint Ans: Upset welding Fastest memory Ans: Flash memory Tungsten electrode Ans: TIG Use of non-interlaced monitor Ans: Fast graph CMOS disadvantage Ans: cannot handle high power TTL Ans: least susceptible to noise E stands for Ans: American Wire Electrode Exceeding 450°F Ans: Brazing Not exceeding 450°F Ans: Soldering Generators used Ans: Magnetic Battery used as Ans: chemical Responsible of pulsating DC Ans: Commutator Low voltage high power Ans: Center tapped Full Wave Oldest 1940 general magnetic phenomenon Ans: Colding or cold contact Joints Ans: Direct Kinematics End effector Ans: Inverse Direct Kinematics Nothing but to memory Ans: Flag field Unwanted connection Ans: Fault connection Frequency synthesizer used as Ans: Divider Output amplitude Ans: Amplitude stability DC motor is preferred as driver in robotics because Ans: it can withstand large overload Welding is not used direct source because Ans: it is impracticable to draw heavy currents Atomic hydrogen is long lived because Ans: ac is used
RF power amplifier Ans: Common base
Choke Ans: passes dc but not RF
Multivibrator Ans: Common emitter or common source
Algorithm better than ZMP Ans: Dynamic balancing
One feet with small Ans: Hopping
Automatic welding Ans: 5 intervals
Control grid of a tube Ans: gate of a FET
Impedance mismatch reactance output Ans: Transformer
Laminated core Ans: reduces eddy current loss
No load loss but not electrical loss Ans: Windage
Manganese Dioxide Alkaline Acid Ans: Alkaline Cell
Draws large amount of current Ans: Rheostat
Increase RL Ans: Improved Efficiency
Single coil Ans: Elementary generator
3 classifications of robot Ans: Anthrophomorphic, SCARA, and articulated
Connects arm and end effectors Ans: Wrist
____ for bones, ____ for muscle and ____for degrees of freedom. Ans: links, actuator, and joints
Early actuator Ans: Elastic nanotube
Changing of electric energy Ans: Electroactive polymer
Variable speed Ans: DC generator
Constant speed Ans: AC generator
More robot than worker Ans: Japan
Transient suppression prevents Ans: diode failure
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Tunnel diode Ans: Dr. Leo Esaki Zener Diode Ans: Dr. Carl Zener Varactor diode uses Ans: Frequency stability 2 terminal communicate Ans: Handshaking Highest fidelity Ans: Class A Portion Ans: Class AB FET amplifier Ans: Class AB2 Medium penetration Ans: E6013 Oxy fuel arc Ans: Oxy fuel gas welding Electrical requirement of arc welding Ans: high open circuit voltage Horizontal oscilloscope Ans: Time/division Joining of metals Ans: Welding Radio using tubes Ans: Bulk and heavy The purpose of I in PIN diode Ans: minimizes junction capacitance 1/16 to 5/16 in in diameter Ans: American Welding Society Degrees of freedom for General purpose effectors Ans: 20 Deep penetration welding Ans: Submerge arc welding JFET except Ans: transconductance Pinch off voltage Ans: Transconductance is zero Formula for IC with leakage current Ans: IC = βIB + (β+1)ICBO IE Ans: IE = IC - ICBO α ICQ Ans: ICQ = βIBQ + ICEO IEQ Ans: IEQ = ICQ + IBQ
Increase temperature leakage current Ans: ICBO = ICBO (T2-T1)/10
Charge of a capacitor Ans: Q = CV
Charge Ans: Q = Qo (1-e(-t/RC) )
Dependent on gap Ans: Charge efficiency
NRZI means Ans: Non-return to zero invert
Pilot cell Ans: identifies the condition of the battery
More likely to occur than zener breakdown because lightl doped Ans: Avalanche breakdown
How wire Ans: measure dc and ac
Dielectric constant of mica Ans: 6
Buck boost lossless Ans: D = (V2)/(V1+V2)
Buck Ans: D = V2/V1
Op-amp filter Ans: Polysterene
TTL Ans: open circuit high level
I2L Ans: bipolar saturated logic
EAROM Ans: Degrade data if used
6 rectifying elements Ans: Gratz rectifier Superconductivity thin film superconducting inductor Ans: Permistor
memory
consisting
of
a
Register and counters are the same because Ans: they have the same array of flip flop and gates High Q Ans: High selectivity 2 principles of detector Ans: Rectifier and filter Microprocessor Ans: ALU and control unit CPU Ans: ALU and control unit Simulate Ans: Simulator
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Servocontrolled robot Ans: Soft stop Nonservo robot Ans: Hard stop Lowest resistivity at 293 K Ans: Copper BIG elements Ans: Trivalent PAA elements Ans: Pentavalent Analog preferred than digital because Ans: of measuring signal strength Opposing torques Ans: Deflecting and restoring torques Code that… Ans: Absolute code Equal ripple Ans: Eliptic filter Illuminance Ans: Lux Ripple sharp cutoff Ans: Chebyshev filter Adds all harmonics Ans: Sawtooth Odd harmonics Ans: Square All even harmonics Ans: Push pull The single grid of vacuum Ans: Control grid In low frequency cutoff, amplitude decreases by ___ from midrange value Ans: 3 dB Change in audio range Ans: 1 dB
