Effectiveness of Reward System on Employee Motivation

O@T\ADRITOA@

^hcb 8

O@T\ADRITOA@ Yaebtoebs, soepfy rbibovo`c h phyijbim os `at b`aucj ag h` o`ib`tovb ta mbbp bepfaybbs dbdoihtbd h`d gaiusbd. Eh`hcbrs eust tjo`m ag `bw whys ta jafd h` bepfaybb' bepfaybb'ss httb`toa` httb`toa` h`d o`tbrbst a` h prakbit, prakbit, ar tjb iaeph`y hs h wjafb. wjafb. Eh`y iaeph`obs bepfay eatovhtoa`hf thitois h`d rbwhrds systbes, latj ag wjoij jhvb hdvh`thcbs h`d doshdvh`thcbs.

Eatovhtoa`

Iaeph` Iaeph`obs obs usb latj latj pasoto pasotovb vb rbo`ga rbo`garib ribeb` eb`tt h`d `bchto `bchtovb vb rbo`ga rbo`garib ribeb` eb`tt ta eatovh eatovhtb tb bepfay bepfaybbs bbs.. Eh`y Eh`y eh`hcb eh`hcbrs rs lbfobv lbfobvbb tjht tjht uso`c uso`c pasoto pasotovb vb eatovh eatovhtoa toa` ` tbij`oqubs b`iaurhcbs bepfaybbs ta praduib earb h`d lbttbr quhfoty warm. ar  b!hepfb, saeb iaeph`obs sbfbit h` bepfaybb hs "#epfaybb ag tjb $bbm." %jos tbij`o tbij`oqub qub prhos prhosbs bs tjb wo``o wo``o`c `c bepfay bepfaybb, bb, wjofb wjofb pasoto pasotovbf vbfy y b`iaur b`iaurhco hco`c `c atjbr  atjbr  bepf bepfay aybb bbss ta mbbp mbbp tryo tryo`c `c ta da wbff wbff.. &tjb &tjbrr eh`h eh`hcb cbrs rs lbfo lbfobv bvbb `bch `bchto tovb vb rbo`garibeb`t eatovhtbs bepfaybbs ta stap lhd lbjhvoar. ar b!hepfb, h iaeph`y ehy ossub h wrottb`whr`o`c systbe, ar tjrbhtb` bepfaybbs wotj tbreo`htoa` ta cbt tjbe ta pbrgare h ibrtho` why.

\bwhrds

Iaeph`obs rbwhrd tjbor bepfaybbs wotj latj th`colfb caads, hs wbff hs prhosb. ar  b!hepfb, h shfbs dbphrteb`t ehy aggbr h ea`tjfy la`us ta tjb jocjbst bhr`br. (at hff th`co th`colfb lfb rbwhrd rbwhrdss iaeb iaeb o` tjb gare gare ag ea`by ea`by.. Yaeb Yaeb iaeph` iaeph`obs obs jast grbb grbb fu`ijbs, ar covb hwhy iaeph`y cbhr ta caad warmbrs. Eh`y eh`hcbrs ijaasb ta rbwhrd tjbor lbst bepfaybbs ly soepfy prhoso`c tjbe gar h kal wbff da`b, ar ly rbiac`o)o`c tjb jhrd warm tjby put o` ta h prakbit.

^hcb <

Hdvh`thcbs

*y uso`c pasotovb rbo`garibeb`t ta eatovhtb bepfaybbs, h eh`hcbr ehy luofd h caad caad rbfhto rbfhtoa`s a`sjop jop wotj jos bepfaybb bepfaybb tjht gastb gastbrs rs h sb`sb sb`sb ag trust trust.. +` h caad caad eh`hcbrsulardo`htb rbfhtoa`sjop, bepfaybbs ehy gbbf rbspbitbd h`d iaegarthlfb o` tjbor warmo`c b`vora`eb`t. ravodo`c rbwhrds, latj th`colfb h`d o` tjb gare ag   prhosb, ih` ehmb bepfaybbs jhppobr. jhppobr. -hppobr bepfaybbs agtb` pbrgare lbttbr ht warm.

Dosdvh`thcbs

so`c `bchtovb b`garibeb`t hs h gare ag eatovhtoa` iaufd ihusb bepfaybbs ta  lbiaeb dosshtosgobd wotj tjbor kals. `jhppy warmbrs typoihffy praduib fbss quhfoty warm, lbiaeb sfuccosj ar ghof b`torbfy ta ebbt dbhdfo`bs . /ppfyo`c taa euij eatovhtoa` ar aggbro`c taa eh`y rbwhrds ih` hfsa jhvb h `bchtovb bggbit. #epfaybbs ih` lbiaeb avbria`godb`t. %jby ehy gbbf tjht tjby hrb tjb lassbs' ghvarotb warmbrs, bvb` og tjby sthrt ta sfhim agg a` tjbor prakbits ar tbst tjb foeots ag  tjbor warmo`c rbfhtoa`sjop wotj tjbor supbrvosars.

^hcb 9

\AFB AG \BSH\D O@ EHTOWHTO@C BE^FA_BB Eh`y bepfaybbs hrb eatovhtbd ly twa cahfs> bhr`o`c h phyijbim h`d dao`c warm  tjht ehmbs tjbe praud. %jb aggbr ag h` hddotoa`hf rbwhrd covbs h` bepfaybb tjht b!trh eatovhtoa` ta ca hlavb h`d lbya`d. Yaeb rbwhrds ehy iast ea`by, wjbrbhs atjbrs hrb o`vbsteb`ts o` toeb h`d bggart. /ff ih` ia`trolutb ta h earb pfbhsh`t warm b`vora`eb`t.

O`!b`tovb

#epfaybbs eust m`aw tjht jhrd warm h`d h jocj fbvbf ag hijobvbeb`t woff lb rbwhrdbd go`h`iohffy. /iiardo`c ta Eoirasagt's *uso`bss wblsotb, h pafoiy tjht aggbrs o`ib`tovbs o` b!ijh`cb gar hijobvbeb`t ih` eatovhtb hff bepfaybbs ta pravb tjbor wartj. $jb` warmbr praduitovoty cabs up, tjb lattae fo`b agtb` o`irbhsbs ghr  o` b!ibss ag tjb ea`bthry rbwhrds dostrolutbd.

R`oto`c t"b Tbh#

#epfaybbs hrb eatovhtbd ly h warmpfhib hteaspjbrb ag eutuhf rbspbit. / rbwhrd bepjhso)bs yaur rbspbit gar yaur bepfaybb h`d b`iaurhcbs gbffaw bepfaybbs ta sjaw rbspbit ta bhij atjbr. $jb` tjb tbhe os u`otbd, tjb fo`bs ag iaeeu`oihtoa` hrb apb`, h`d bepfaybbs hrb fombfy ta sjhrb caad odbhs h`d put gartj hddotoa`hf bggart o` tjb o`tbrbst ag tjb iaeph`y's suiibss. %jb *uso`bss 8bsbhrij
B#$%a&bb \btb`toa`

/` bepfaybb wja jhs lbb` rbwhrdbd os agtb` earb eatovhtbd ta rbeho` wotj tjb iaeph`y. +t ih` iast h luso`bss quotb h lot ta dbhf wotj tjb fass ag afd bepfaybbs ^hcb 4

h`d tjb trho`o`c ag `bw a`bs. 8bwhrds, covb` ta bepfaybbs wja hrb ia`sodbro`c fbhvo`c tjb iaeph`y, ehy o`irbhsb yaur bepfaybb rbtb`toa` sthtostois h`d dbirbhsb yaur fa`ctbre trho`o`c iasts.

b%'(Eatovhtoa`

/ caad eh`hcbr ih` b`iaurhcb h` bepfaybb ta warm jhrdbr h`d lbttbr grae toeb ta toeb, lut h rbwhrd ih` ca h fa`c why tawhrd luofdo`c bepfaybb sbfgeatovhtoa`. /iiardo`c ta Ihrtbr Ei(hehrh, wroto`c gar tjb rbb Eh`hcbeb`t
^hcb 2

@A@ EA@BTH\_ \BSH\D _TBE

Iaeph`obs usb rbwhrd systbes hs h` o`ib`tovb gar bepfaybbs ta eh!oeo)b tjbor  warm praduitovoty h`d quhfoty. (a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes bepjhso)b tjb oeparth`ib ag rbiac`otoa` hea`c pbbrs h`d warmpfhib pbrms tjht da `at o`vafvb ea`by. (a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes hrb lb`bgoiohf ta iaeph`obs wotj foeotbd  ludcbts tjht apbrhtb a` sfoe pragot ehrco`s.

^)r$asb

 (a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes hrb ebh`t ta o`irbhsb bepfaybb pbrgareh`ib h`d eatovhtoa` h`d lafstbr sbfgbstbbe o` tjb warmpfhib. (a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes tb`d ta o`irbhsb praduitovb iaepbtotoa` hea`c bepfaybbs strovo`c gar tjb rbwhrd, rbsufto`c o` cho`s ta tjb iaeph`y's lattae fo`b. %a lb bggbitovb, `a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes eust lb ghor ta hff bepfaybbs h`d hvaod ghvarotose. +g bepfaybbs vobw tjb rbwhrds hs smbwbd ar u`httho`hlfb, tjby eocjt fasb eatovhtoa` tawhrd tjbor kal h`d rbgusb ta phrtoiophtb.

*b`b'ots

 (a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes eastfy lb`bgot tjb iufturb ag tjb iaeph`y h`d tjb iaeph`y's lattae fo`b. $jb` rbwhrds gar pbrgareh`ib hrb `at lhsbd upa` ea`by, tjb iufturb ag h iaeph`y tb`ds ta vhfub rbiac`otoa` o`stbhd ag tjb drovb gar ea`by. Yoeufth`bausfy, iaeph`obs tjht usb `a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes spb`d fbss ea`by eatovhto`c tjbor bepfaybbs h`d earb ea`by a` atjbr hrbhs ag tjb luso`bss. ar o`sth`ib, spb`do`c ea`by a` trops, la`usbs, cogt ihrds h`d h`y atjbr ea`bthry rbwhrd thmbs ea`by hwhy grae `bt pragot.

^hcb 7

Doshdvh`thcbs

-ocjpbrgareo`c bepfaybbs tjht vhfub ea`by h`d atjbr ea`bthry pbrms eocjt go`d tjht `a`ea`bthry rbwhrd systbes fhim tjb o`ib`tovbs `bbdbd ta lafstbr  eatovhtoa` h`d o`irbhsb tjbor praduitovoty. (at hff bepfaybbs vhfub jh`dwrottb` `atbs ar whffs tjht dospfhy tjb bepfaybb ag tjb ea`tj. Yaeb bepfaybbs eocjt hfsa gbbf tjht tjbor iaeph`y os `at woffo`c ta phy gar tjbor jhrd warm. /ddotoa`hffy, og h iaepbto`c luso`bss aggbrs ea`bthry rbwhrds ta ots bepfaybbs, tjb iaeph`y tjht aggbrs `a`ea`bthry rbwhrds rosms faso`c bepfaybbs ta tjb iaepbtotoa`.

B+h#$%bs

&`b ag tjb soepfbst gares ag `a`ea`bthry rbwhrds os pulfoi rbiac`otoa` gar  iaeph`y hijobvbeb`ts. +g h` bepfaybb pbrgares b!ibptoa`hffy wbff ht jbr kal, h iaeph`y ih` chtjbr ots warmbrs hrau`d tjb bepfaybb gar h rau`d ag hppfhusb o` jbr ja`ar. %jb bepfaybb rbibovbs h laast ag sbfgia`godb`ib gar tjb cbsturb h`d rbiac`o)bs tjht jbr ia`trolutoa` ehmbs h doggbrb`ib. /ddotoa`hffy, h iaeph`y ih` wrotb fbttbrs ag crhtotudb ta bepfaybbs, aggbr rbgrbsjeb`ts h`d irbhtb h` bepfaybb rbiac`otoa` whff.

^hcb 3

BE^FA_BB EATOWHTOA@ &`b ag tjb ehkar ossubs ghibd ly jueh` rbsaurib dbphrteb`ts h`d spbiohfosts os tjb ossub ag eatovhto`c bepfaybbs. +` tjb warmpfhib, eatovhtoa` os h proehry ghitar wjb` ot iaebs ta cbtto`c warm da`b. (a ehttbr jaw smoffbd tjb warmbrs o` h`y spbiogoi dbphrteb`t ehy jhppb` ta lb, tjb cahfs ag tjb supbrvosar woff `at rbhij tjb dbsorbd fbvbfs ag suiibss h`d toebfo`bss og tjb prapbr bepfaybb eatovhtoa` os `at o` pfhib. *ut jaw, b!hitfy, os eatovhtoa` suppasbd ta lb o`stoffbd o` tjb warm garib9 +s bepfaybb4s bhcbr`bss ta cbt tjb kal da`b h `hturhf quhfoty tjht sjaufd lb rbfobd upa`, ar eust bepfaybb eatovhtoa` lbo`c struiturhffy 2oepasbd7 upa` tjb warmgarib9 %jasb hrb caad qubstoa`s tjht dbsbrvb h safod u`dbrsth`do`c ag jaw ta praibbd o` ardbr ta go`d tjb h`swbr tjht lbst gots yaur  jueh` rbsaurib eh`hcbeb`t sib`hroa. +` ots ihphioty ta h`swbr tjbsb gu`dheb`thf qubstoa`s, tjb thsm ag h`y jueh` rbsauribs spbiohfost ar tbhe ag ia`sufth`ts  lbiaebs h lot iaepfb!. %jht4s lbihusb `at bvbry warmbr os tjb sheb. $jofb saeb jhvb h sbfgsthrto`c hpprahij ta bvbry kal ht jh`d, atjbr bepfaybbs ehy `bbd h` b!trh `udcb o` tjb rocjt dorbitoa` lbgarb rbsufts ih` lb b!pbitbd. artu`htbfy, jawbvbr, bepfaybb eatovhtoa` os pravb` ta warm o` `bhrfy bvbry ihsb wjb` tjb rocjt stoeufo hrb hddbd o`ta tjb eo!. $jofb tjb ghsthito`c tbij`oqubs tjht hrb m`aw` ta eatovhtb bepfaybbs hrb east `bbdbd hea`c tjasb wja rbquorb jocjbr  fbvbfs ag eatovhtoa` o` ardbr ta cbt warm da`b, tjb prhitoib ag wbffhdeo`ostbrbd h`d alkbitovbpraduio`c o`ib`tovb b`jh`ibeb`t os hituhffy wbff hdvosbd gar  bepfaybb ht hff doggbrb`t fbvbfs ag o`jbrb`t eatovhtoa`. #vb` tjb `hturhf cacbttbrs rbspa`d wbff ta eatovhtoa` tbij`oqubs. +` ghit, eh`y ag tjbsb bepfaybbs jhvb, u`gartu`htbfy, agtb` lbb` `bcfbitbd hs jueh` rbsauribs, dbphrteb`ts gaiusbd earb a` tjasb wotj fawbr fbvbfs ag eatovhtoa`. %jb autiaeb jhs lbb` o`irbhsbd grustrhtoa` hea`c tjasb wja covb ot tjbor hff lut b`d up gbbfo`c hs og tjby4vb lbb` covb` tjb sjart b`d ag tjb stoim o` rbtur`. %jbrbgarb, tjb lbsthppfobd eatovhtoa`

^hcb :

 pafoiy os u`ovbrshf. *y irbhto`c h sth`dhrdo)bd, o`ib`tovblhsbd systbe ag rbwhrds gar kal pbrgareh`ib, bepfaybbs woff, hs h wjafb, cb`brhffy rbspa`d quotb wbff ta eatovhtoa` gar jocj fbvbf cahfs.

T"b O#$arth`!b a' Eatovhtoa`

Eatovhtoa` ih` jhvb h` bggbit a` tjb autput ag yaur luso`bss h`d ia`ibr`s latj quh`toty h`d quhfoty. Ybb ot tjos why> yaur luso`bss rbfobs jbhvofy a` tjb bggoiob`iy ag yaur praduitoa` sthgg ta ehmb surb tjht praduits hrb eh`ughiturbd o` `uelbrs tjht ebbt dbeh`d gar tjb wbbm. +g tjbsb bepfaybbs fhim tjb eatovhtoa` ta praduib iaepfbtbd praduits ta ebbt tjb dbeh`d, tjb` yau ghib h pralfbe fbhdo`c ta doshstraus ia`sbqub`ibs. %jb `uelbr ag sib`hroas os b!trbeb lut yau cbt tjb cb`brhf poiturb. 3aur bepfaybbs hrb yaur crbhtbst hssbt h`d `a ehttbr jaw bggoiob`t yaur  tbij`afacy h`d bquopeb`t ehy lb, ot os `a ehtij gar tjb bggbitovb`bss h`d bggoiob`iy ag yaur sthgg. Eatovh:toa` o`vafvbs cbtto`c tjb ebelbrs ag tjb craup ta puff wbocjt bggbitovbfy, ta covb tjbor fayhfty ta tjb craup, ta ihrry aut prapbrfy tjb purpasb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. %jb gaffawo`c rbsufts ehy lb b!pbitbd og tjb bepfaybbs hrb prapbrfy eatovhtbd.

?. %jb warmgarib woff lb lbttbr shtosgobd og tjb eh`hcbeb`t pravodbs tjbe wotj appartu`otobs ta gufgoff tjbor pjysoafacoihf h`d psyijafacoihf `bbds. %jb warmbrs woff iaapbrhtb vafu`throfy wotj tjb eh`hcbeb`t h`d woff ia`trolutb tjbor eh!oeue tawhrds tjb cahfs ag tjb b`tbrprosb. ;. $armbrs woff tb`d ta lb hs bggoiob`t hs passolfb ly oepravo`c upa` tjbor  smoffs h`d m`awfbdcb sa tjht tjby hrb hlfb ta ia`trolutb ta tjb pracrbss ag  tjb arch`o)htoa`. %jos woff hfsa rbsuft o` o`irbhsbd praduitovoty. ^hcb ?

=. %jb rhtbs ag fhlar4s tur`avbr h`d hlsb`tbbose hea`c tjb warmbrs woff lb faw. 6. %jbrb woff lb caad jueh` rbfhtoa`s o` tjb arch`o)htoa` hs groitoa` hea`c tjb warmbrs 5. tjbesbfvbs h`d lbtwbb` tjb warmbrs h`d tjb eh`hcbeb`t woff dbirbhsb. 0. %jb `uelbr ag iaepfho`ts h`d crobvh`ibs woff iaeb daw`. /iiodb`t woff hfsa lb faw. 1. %jbrb woff lb o`irbhsb o` tjb quh`toty h`d quhfoty ag praduits. $hsthcb h`d sirhp woff lb fbss. *bttbr quhfoty ag praduits woff hfsa o`irbhsb tjb pulfoi oehcb ag tjb luso`bss. Eatovhtoa`h% Tb!"`o,)bs

Nhroaus tjbarobs ag eatovhtoa` dosiussbd hlavb jhvb oepfoihtoa`s a` eh`hcbeb`t  prhitoibs .o` hppfyo`c eatovhtoa`hf tjbarobs ht warm pfhib. /ppfyo`c eatovhtoa`hf tjbarobs ht warm pfhib, latj o`tro`soi h`d b!tro`soi hspbits ag tjb kal eust lb ia`sodbrbd. +`tro`soi ghitars hrb dorbitfy rbfhtbd ta tjb ia`tb`ts ag kal wjbrbhs b!tro`soi ghitars hrb rbfhtbd ta tjb b`vora`eb`t o` wjoij tjb kal os pbrgarebd. Yaeb ag tjb eatovhtoa`hf tbij`oqubs tjht ih` lb usbd ly eh`hcbrs hrb>   

Eatovhtoa`hf kal dbsoc` Huhfoty ag warm fogb o`h`iohf h`d `a` o`h`iohf o`ib`tovbs

Eatovhtoa`hf kal dbsoc`>bvbry bepfaybb spb`ds h soc`ogoih`t heau`t ag jos toeb ht tjb warm pfhib b!biuto`c tjb thsms, hitovotobs h`d dutobs o`vafvbd o` kals. %rhdotoa`hf kal dbsoc`o`c praduibd kal hfob`htoa` rbsufto`c o`ta ea`ata`y,  larbdae, ebh`o`cfbss`bss, pawbrfbss`bss h`d hlsb`tbbose.

^hcb 8>

-. O`dovod)h% Go`h`!oh% O`!b`tovbs/( 

^br'ar#h`!b >hsbd $h&/(

brgareh`ib lhsbd phy os pravodbd ly sheb arch`o)htoa`s ta eh`hcbrohf pbrsa``bf wjasb ia`trolutoa` ih``at lb ebhsurbd quh`tothtovbfy a` dhy ta dhy lhsos. /``uhf  phy o`irbhsb ag suij bepfaybbs os dbtbreo`bd a` tjb lhsos ag pbrgareh`ib.



^rad)!tovot&/(


8. Ia%%b!tovb Go`h`!oh% O`!b`tovbs/( 

^ra'ot "hro`c/(

ragot sjhro`c os h` hrrh`cbeb`t ly wjoij bepfaybbs rbibovb h sjhrb ag tjb pragots ag tjb arch`o)htoa`.



Ia $hrt`brs"o$s/(

`dbr tjb ia phrt`brsjop bepfaybbs lbiaeb sjhrbjafdbrs ag h iaeph`y h`d ehy b!briosb ia`traf avbr ot hs atjbr sjhrbjafdbrs da.



ta!< a$toa`/(

`dbr tjos sijbeb, bepfaybbs hrb aggbrbd sjhrbs ag h iaeph`y o` suij h why tjht tjby b`kay fa`ctbre lb`bgots dub ta hpprbiohtoa` o` sjhrb proibs wotj tjb pracrbss ag tjb iaeph`y.

^hcb 88



\btorb#b`t *b`b'ots/(

Eh`hcbeb`ts ag sbvbrhf arch`o)htoa`s aggbr rbtorbeb`t lb`bgots ag doggbrb`t typbs ag tjbor bepfaybbs. h. ravodb`t gu`d sijbeb>

`dbr tjb sijbeb bepfaybr hs wbff hs bepfaybbs ia`trolutb ibrtho` pbrib`thcb ag  shfhry ag bepfaybbs ta h iaeea` gu`d wjoij os rbgu`dbd ta tjb bepfaybbs a` tjbor rbtorbeb`t grae tjb kal hfa`c wotj h rbhsa`hlfb o`tbrbst grae ravodb`t u`d /utjarotobs wotj wjae tjb gu`d os shvbd. >. b`soa` sijbeb>

`dbr tjos sijbeb bepfaybb os covb` h ibrtho` pbrib`thcb ag jos whcbs ar shfhrobs hgtbr tjb rbtorbeb`t ag bepfaybb grae tjb kal. !.

Lrhtuoty>

`dbr sijbeb a` b!crhtoh phyeb`t him`awfbdco`c tjb fa`c tb`urb ag sbrvoib os ehdb ly tjb bepfaybr ta jos bepfaybbs.

^hcb 8<

@a`(Go`h`!oh% O`!b`tovbs/(

%jaucj h eh` jh`mbrs hgtbr ea`by h`d ot os h` oeparth`t eatovhtar, ot os `at tjb a`fy eatovhtar h`d ot os `at hfwhys eatovhtar. /gtbr shtosgyo`c proehry h`d sbia`dhry `bbds ag h eh` h`d hgtbr rhoso`c jos sth`dhrd ag fovo`c, ot ibhsbs ta warm  hs h eatovhtar. +ts os alsbrvbd tjht o` spotb ag shtosgyo`c whcb rhtb, la`us sijbebs h`d rbtorbeb`t lb`bgots ehy bepfaybbs da `at thmb o`tbrbst o` tjbor warm.

-. O`dovod)h% @a`(Go`h`!oh% O`!b`tovbs/( 

tht)s/(

Ythtus, o` tjb arch`o)htoa`hf ia`tb!t ebh`s tjb rh`mo`c ag pasotoa`, rocjts h`d dutobs o` tjb garehf arch`o)htoa`hf struiturb. Ythtus os h stra`c eatovhtar hs ot os b!trbebfy oeparth`t gar east ag tjb pbapfb. Iaeph`obs rbfhtb tjb sthtus ag  bepfaybbs tjbor hlofotobs h`d hsporhtoa`s. 

^ra#atoa`/(

+g praeatoa`s ta jocjbr pasotoa`s hrb covb` ta bepfaybbs a` tjb lhsos ag ebrot, smoff, so`ibroty h`d hlofotobs bepfaybbs strovb jhrd ta covb wjht os lbst ag tjbe. %jus praeatoa`s ta db sbrvo`c ih`dodhtbs eatovhtbs bepfaybbs ta jocjbr tjbor   pbrgareh`ib. 

\bs$a`so>o%ot&/(

bapfb ih` hfsa lb eatovhtbd ly b`trusto`c tjbe wotj jocjbr rbspa`solofoty. %jb bepfaybbs gbbf tjht tjb eh`hcbeb`t jhs oepasbd ots ia`godb`ib o` tjbe h`d tjby eust pravb ta lb wartjy ag suij ia`godb`ib ly sjaufdbro`c jocjbr rbspa`solofoty. %jos hssoc`eb`t ag jocjbr rbspa`solofoty hfsa warms hs h` o`ib`tovb ta o`dovoduhfs.



Eh $%bhsh`t h`d o`tbrbsto`c/(

Eh`hcbeb`ts dbsoc` tjb kal ta ehmb tjbe earb b`kayhlfb h`d pfbhsh`t tjraucj tjb shtosghitoa` og tjbor o`sto`its. +t irbhtbs o`tbrbst o` warm h`d eatovhtbs tjb ^hcb 89

bepfaybbs ta pbrgare lbttbr. al b`fhrcbeb`t h`d kal b`roijeb`t tbij`oqubs ehmb tjb kal earb pfbhsh`t h`d o`tbrbsto`c.



\b!ac`otoa` a' war
/ warmbr cbts shtosghitoa` wjb` jos warm os hpprbiohtbd ly jos supbroar. rhosb, him`awfbdcbeb`t h`d rbiac`otoa` gar tjb warm da`b os h stra`c eatovhtoa` gar tjb bepfaybbs. rhosb ih` da wjht ea`by ih``at da 8biac`otoa` ebh`s him`awfbdcbeb`t wotj h sjaw ag hpprbiohtoa`. $jb` suij rbiac`otoa` os covb` ta tjb warm pbrgarebd, tjb bepfaybbs gbbf eatovhtbd ta pbrgare warm ht soeofhr ar  bvb` jocjbr fbvbf.



4a>(sb!)rot&/(

#epfaybbs wotj h sb`sb ag sbiuroty ag kal sjaw mbb` o`tbrbst, b`tbrproso`c o`otohtovb h`d praduib lbttbr rbsufts hs tjby m`aw tjht tjbor wbfghrb os ifasbfy rbfhtbd ta tjb wbfghrb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. %jby stap warryo`c h`d ia`ib`trhtb a` warm.

8. Ia%%b!tovb @a`('o`h`!oh% O`!b`tovbs/( 

a!oh% O#$arth`!b a' Sar< /(

Yaeb arch`o)htoa`s fomb lh`ms, o`surh`ib iaeph`obs, rhofwhys bti. ehy eatovhtb tjb bepfaybbs ly ia`vo`io`c tjbe hlaut tjb saiohf wartj ag tjbor sbrvoib.



Tbh# s$orot/(

%bhe warm os h iaardo`htbd hitoa` ly h iaephrhtovb sehff craup os rbcufhr sporot wjbrb o` ebelbrs ia`trolutb rbspa`solofoty h`d b`tjusohstoihffy tawhrds tjb tbhe thsm.

^hcb 84



O`'ar#h% cra)$s/(

$jb` bepfaybbs warm tacbtjbr tjby dbvbfap h sart ag hggofohtoa` hea`c tjbesbfvbs. %jby irbhtb saeb o`garehf craups ht warm pfhib.

Dbtbr#o`h`ts a' Eatovhtoa`

%rhdotoa`hffy ot os lbfobvbd tjht bepfaybbs hrb eatovhtbd ly tjb appartu`oty ta ehmb hs suij ea`by hs passolfb h`d woff hit rhtoa`hffy ta eh!oeo)b tjbor bhr`o`cs. %jb hssueptoa` os tjht ea`by, lbihusb wjht ot ih` luy, os tjb east oeparth`t eatovhtar ag hff pbapfb. %jrbb typbs ag garibs cb`brhffy o`gfub`ib jueh` lbjhvoar    



aribs apbrhto`c wotjo` tjb o`dovoduhf, aribs apbrhto`c wotjo` tjb arch`o)htoa` h`d aribs apbrhto`c o` tjb b`vora`eb`t.

T"b O`dovod)h%/ -ueh` `bbds hrb latj `uebraus h`d iaepfb!. Yaeb ag tjb

`bbds ih``at lb dbsirolbd h`d odb`togobd lbihusb pbapfb jodb tjbor rbhf `bbds u`dbr tjb iavbr ag saiohffy hiibptbd lbjhvoar. urtjbr, bhij pbrsa` os doggbrb`t h`d h vhrobty ag otbes ehy pravb ta lb eatovhto`c, dbpb`do`c upa` tjb `bbds ag tjb o`dovoduhf, tjb sotuhtoa` tjb o`dovoduhf os o` h`d wjht rbwhrds tjb o`dovoduhf b!pbits gar tjb warm da`b. +t os tjb duty ag tjb eh`hcbr ta ehtij o`dovoduhf `bbds h`d b!pbithtoa`s ta tjb typb ag rbwhrds hvhofhlfb o` tjb kal sbtto`c. 

T"b Arch`o2htoa`/ %jb ifoehtb o` tjb arch`o)htoa` eust lb ia`duiovb ta

jueh` pbrgareh`ib. Ifoehtb pfhys h` oeparth`t phrt o` dbtbreo`o`c warmbr4s eatovhtoa`. %jb ifoehtb o` h` arch`o)htoa` os dbtbreo`bd ly h `uelbr ag vhrohlfbs suij hs ots fbhdbrsjop styfb, huta`aey b`kaybd ly ebelbrs, crawtj praspbits, beatoa`hf suppart grae ebelbrs, rbwhrd struiturb.

^hcb 82



T"b b`vora`#b`t/ / warmbr dabs `at fovb o` twa sbphrhtb warfds, a`b sodb

tjb ghitary h`d tjb atjbr autsodb ot. %jb traulfbs h`d pfbhsurbs ag aggtjbkal fogb ih``at lb put hsodb wjb` rbparto`c gar warm o` tjb ear`o`c, `ar ih` ghitary ehttbrs lb drappbd wjb` rbtur`o`c jaeb hgtbr warm. Iufturb, `ares, iustaes, oehcbs h`d httrolutbs hiiardbd ly saiobty ta phrtoiufhr kals, pragbssoa`s h`d aiiuphtoa`s h`d tjb warmbr4s jaeb fogb hff pfhy h stra`c eatovhtoa`hf rafb. %jb ghitars suij hs saiohf sthtus h`d saiohf hiibpth`ib pfhy h` oeparth`t rafb o` sjhpo`c tjb eatovhtoa`s ag pbapfb. 87-73 ^ra!bss a' Eatovhtoa`

?. +db`togoihtoa` ag `bbd ;. %b`soa` =. Iaursb ag hitoa` 6. 8bsuft DasotovbB(bchtovb 5. bbd lhim 

^hcb 87

A>9b!tovbs a' Eatovhtoa`

?. %jb purpasb ag eatovhtoa` os ta irbhtb ia`dotoa` o` wjoij pbapfb hrb woffo`c ta warm wotj )bhf, o`otohtovb. +`tbrbst, h`d b`tjusohse, wotj h jocj pbrsa`hf h`d craup earhf shtosghitoa` wotj h sb`sb ag rbspa`solofoty. ;. %a o`irbhsb fayhfty hcho`st iaeph`y. =. ar oepravb dosiopfo`b h`d wotj prodb h`d ia`godb`ib o` iajbsovb eh``br  sa tjht tjb cahf ag h` arch`o)htoa` hrb hijobvbd bggbitovbfy. 6. Eatovhtoa` tbij`oqubs utofo)bd ta stoeufhtb bepfaybb crawtj. 5. ar tjb eatovhtoa` yau ih` luy eh`4s toeb. jysoihf prbsb`ib ht h covb`  pfhib. 0. 3au ih` bvb` luy h ebhsurbd `uelbr ag smoffbd eusiufhr eatoa`s pbr jaur  ar dhy. 1. brgareh`ib rbsufts grae tjb o`tbrhitoa` ag pjysoihf, go`h`iohf h`d jueh` rbsaurib. G. ar tjb hijobvb h dbsorb rhtb ag praduitoa`. *hso! I"hrh!tbrosto!s a' Eatovhtoa`  

#ggart. %jos rbgbrs ta tjb strb`ctj ag h pbrsa`'s warmrbfhtbd lbjhvoar. brsostb`ib. %jos rbgbrs ta tjb pbrsostb`ib tjht o`dovoduhf4s b!jolot o` hppfyo`c

bggart ta tjbor warm thsms.  Corbitoa`. %jos rbgbrs ta tjb quhfoty ag h pbrsa`'s warm rbfhtbd lbjhvoar.  Lahfs. %jos rbgbrs ta tjb b`ds tawhrds wjoij bepfaybbs dorbit tjbor bggart.

^hcb 83

T&$b a' #atovhtoa`  Ea`bthry eatovhtoa`

&vbrvobw> %jb vhfub h`d oeparth`ib ag irbhtovoty jhs lbb` wbff bsthlfosjbd o` tjb  luso`bss warfd. %jb bggbitovb gastbro`c ag irbhtovoty, jawbvbr, rbeho`s h saebwjht bfusovb cahf gar east arch`o)htoa`s. so`c tjb ia`tb!t ag praduit dbsoc`, wb b!heo`b tjrbb ghitars tjht hrb fombfy ta jhvb h` oeparth`t o`gfub`ib a` tjb irbhtovoty ag `bw praduit odbhs> o`tro`soi eatovhtoa`, ea`bthry rbwhrds, h`d tjb hiibssolofoty ag irbhtovb tjo`mo`c smoffs. $b prbsb`t h`d tbst h ia`ibptuhf grhebwarm b!pfho`o`c tjb doggbrb`tohf h`d o`tbrhitovb o`gfub`ibs ag tjbsb ghitars a` tjb twa bssb`tohf iaepa`b`ts ag irbhtovoty  tjb aroco`hfoty h`d tjb usbguf`bss ag  tjb b`d dbsoc`. urtjbr, wb odb`togy bggart h`d b`kayeb`t hs twa vhrohlfbs ebdohto`c tjb bggbits ag o`tro`soi eatovhtoa` h`d ea`bthry rbwhrds a` aroco`hfoty h`d usbguf`bss. %jb go`do`cs hrb o`tbcrhtbd o`ta h dosiussoa` tjht ifhrogobs tjb rafb ag tjbsb ghitars o` praduio`c irbhtovb autiaebs h`d jocjfocjts tjbor patb`tohf o` tjb `bw praduit dbsoc` praibss. 

Ea`bthr& *a`)sbs h`d O`!b`tovbs vbrs)s Co'ts : Hwhrds/

8bsbhrij a` wjht bepfaybb4s vhfub gar rbwhrds h`d rbiac`otoa` o`doihtbd h ea`bthry rbwhrd a`fy rh`mbd ?;tj o` h fost ag otbes oeparth`t ta bepfaybbs. +t os trub, wb hff `bbd ea`by gar tjb b!pb`sbs ag dhy ta dhy fovo`c lut studobs o`doihtb tjht wjb` bepfaybbs rbibovb h ea`bthry la`us ot os typoihffy usbd ta phy loffs, b!pb`sbs ar purijhsb saebtjo`c tjht tjb bepfaybb `bbds, `at saeb tjo`c tjby trufy b`kay. Ia`sbqub`tfy ea`by lbiaebs h vbry o`pbrsa`hf cogt.

Ia`vbrsbfy, og yau wh`t ta covb h vbry so`ibrb cogt tjht `at a`fy shys tjh`ms lut woff jbfp irbhtb tjb fayhfty, dbdoihtoa` h`d eatovhtoa` yau waufd fomb yaur  bepfaybbs ta jhvb, ia`sodbr h cogt ar hwhrd tjht woff tauij tjbe pbrsa`hffy.

^hcb 8:

Yaebtjo`c tjby woff trufy b`kay h`d usb ar saeb tjo`c tjht lro`cs tjbe pfbhsurb o` tjbor fbosurb ar gheofy toeb. fbhsb sbb $jht #epfaybbs $h`t a` aur eho` eb`u u`dbr 8biac`otoa` gar earb o`garehtoa` a` tjos sulkbit.

 Bggbitovb @a`-Ea`bthry Eatovhtoa` Odbhs

%jb bia`aeoi daw`tur` jhs put h crbht dbhf ag prbssurb a` bepfaybrs ta go`d irbhtovb whys ta eatovhtb bepfaybbs. La`b hrb tjb dhys ag quhrtbrfy la`usbs,  pbrgareh`iblhsbd phy rhosbs, h`d atjbr go`h`iohf o`ib`tovbs tjht a`ib mbpt `asbs ta tjb cro`dsta`b. Eatovhto`c wotjaut ea`by os h ijhffb`co`c thsm, lut ot ih` lb da`b wotj tjb rocjt iaelo`htoa` ag fbhdbrsjop h`d eh`hcbeb`t smoffs. $jofb ea`by os a`b ag tjb pravb` whys ta eatovhtb bepfaybbs, tjbrb hrb hfsa atjbr whys ta b`iaurhcb yaur tbhe ta put tjbor lbst gaat garwhrd. -brb hrb tjrbb `a`ea`bthry eatovhtoa` tbij`oqubs tjht hrb cbhrbd tawhrd pbrsa`hf rbiac`otoa` h`d shtosghitoa`. 

^hod To#b A'' 

3aur luso`bss b!pbits ta b!pb`d h ibrtho` `uelbr ag daffhrs gar phyraff. &`b ebtjad ag `a`ea`bthry eatovhtoa` os ta irbhtb h` o`ib`tovb pracrhe tjht hffaws bepfaybbs ta bhr` phod toeb agg. ar b!hepfb, yau iaufd aggbr h phod dhy agg ta tjb shfbs hssaiohtb wja cb`brhtbs tjb east rbvb`ub o` tjb ea`tj ag ufy. / phod dhy agg os h eo`osiufb iast ta yaur luso`bss, h`d ot os a`b ag tjb b!ibffb`t whys ta eatovhtb h sfuccosj shfbs sthgg.



$h!b h`d tht)s Eatovhtoa`

3au ih` usb tjb sphib o` yaur warmpfhib h`d tjb sthtus ag yaur bepfaybbs hs h gare ag `a`ea`bthry eatovhtoa`. ar b!hepfb, o` rbiac`otoa` ag b!ibffb`t

^hcb 8?

iustaebr sbrvoib, yau eocjt ia`sodbr dbsoc`htbd h spbiohf phrmo`c spat Ja`b tjht os ifasb ta tjb gra`t daarO ta lb hwhrdbd bhij ea`tj ta h` autsth`do`c bepfaybb. +g yau jhvb h rbib`tfy vhihtbd iar`br aggoib, yau ih` jast h ia`tbst ta sbb wja ih` cb`brhtb tjb east shfbs, wja ih` ca hlavb h`d lbya`d tjb ihff ag duty ta safvb h  pralfbe, ar wja b!jolots pbrgbit httb`dh`ib. %jbsb hrb soepfb bvb`ts ta iaardo`htb, h`d bepfaybbs woff b`kay tjb sporot ag jbhftjy iaepbtotoa`. -hvo`c hiibss ta spbiohf sphibs a` tjb iaeph`y prapbrty b`jh`ibs tjbor gbbfo`c ag  hiiaepfosjeb`t. %jbsb typbs ag rbwhrds hrb ghst h`d bhsy whys ta sthrt eatovhto`c wotjaut ea`by.



"hrb t"b Ia#$h`& ^br
Cabs yaur iaeph`y rbibovb o`ib`tovb rbwhrds grae iustaebrs h`d arch`o)htoa`s o` tjb iaeeu`oty, suij hs toimbts ta ia`ibrts, grbb tsjorts, eavob toimbts ar cogt ihrds ta faihf rbsthurh`ts9 brms fomb tjbsb hrb hea`c tjb crbhtbst gares ag `a` ea`bthry eatovhtoa`. 3aur iaeph`y rbibovbs tjbsb otbes ht `a iast, h`d yau ih` tur` tjbe o`ta rbwhrds gar bepfaybbs ly phsso`c tjbe a`ta yaur warmgarib. brjhps yau wh`t ta rbiac`o)b h eh`hcbr gar b!ibffb`ib ar h shfbs pbrsa` gar  iustaebr sbrvoib. Yjhro`c tjb iaeph`y pbrms os h why yau ih` sthrt eatovhto`c wotjaut ea`by, h`d yaur bepfaybbs woff trufy hpprbiohtb tjb cbsturb. %jb bia`aeoi daw`tur` jhs east fombfy jhd h `bchtovb oephit a` earhfb o` yaur  warmgarib. Eatovhto`c wotjaut ea`by woff lbiaeb h `bibssoty ta mbbp yaur tbhe b`chcbd h`d hitovb. +t4s oeparth`t ta dbvbfap h irbhtovb hpprahij h`d go`d whys ta eatovhtb wotjaut doppo`c o`ta iaeph`y gu`ds. / fottfb lot cabs h fa`c why wjb` ot iaebs ta eatovhtoa` h`d `a`ea`bthry eatovhtoa` os vothf ta tjb iarb ag yaur  sehff luso`bss.

@ht)rb a' Eatovhtoa`

^hcb <>

*hsbd a` tjb dbgo`otoa`, wb ih` dbrovb ots `hturb rbfbvh`t gar arch`o)htoa`hf  lbjhvoar. affawo`c ijhrhitbrostois ag eatovhtoa` ifhrogy ots `hturb. 

*hsbd a` #atovbs/

Eatovhtoa` os lhsbd a` o`dovoduhf4s eatovbs wjoij hrb o`tbr`hf ta tjb o`dovoduhf. %jbsb eatovbs hrb o` tjb gare ag gbbfo`cs tjht tjb o`dovoduhf fhims saebtjo`c. +` ardbr ta avbriaeb tjos gbbfo`c ag fhim`bss, jb trobs ta lbjhvb o` h eh``br wjoij jbfps o` avbriaeo`c tjos gbbfo`c.



H''b!tbd >& #atovhto`c/

Eatovhtoa` os hggbitbd ly why tjb o`dovoduhf os eatovhtbd. %jb hit ag eatovhto`c ijh``bfo)bs `bbd shtosghitoa`. *bsodbs, ot ih` hfsa hitovhtb tjb fhtb`t `bbds o` tjb o`dovoduhf, tjht os, tjb `bbds tjht hrb fbss stra`c h`d saebwjht dareh`t, h`d jhr`bss tjbe o` h eh``br tjht waufd lb gu`itoa`hf gar tjb arch`o)htoa`.



Cah%(dorb!tbd >b"hvoar/

Eatovhtoa` fbhds ta cahfarob`tbd lbjhvoar. / cahfdorbitbd lbjhvoar os a`b wjoij shtosgobs tjb ihusbs gar wjoij lbjhvoar thmbs pfhib. Eatovhtoa` jhs pragau`d o`gfub`ib a` jueh` lbjhvoarK o` tjb arch`o)htoa` ia`tb!t, ot jhr`bssbs jueh` b`brcy ta arch`o)htoa`hf rbquorbeb`ts.



\b%htbd ta shtos'h!toa`/

Eatovhtoa` os rbfhtbd ta shtosghitoa`. Yhtosghitoa` rbgbrs ta tjb ia`tb`teb`t b!pbrob`ibs ag h` o`dovoduhf wjoij jb dbrovbs ag `bbd gufgoffeb`t. %jus, shtosghitoa` os h ia`sbqub`ib ag rbwhrds h`d pu`osjeb`ts hssaiohtbd wotj phst b!pbrob`ibs. +t pravodbs ebh`s ta h`hfy)b autiaebs hfrbhdy b!pbrob`ibd ly tjb o`dovoduhf.



^brsa` #atovhtbd o` tath%ot&/ ^hcb <8

/ pbrsa` os eatovhtbd o` tathfoty h`d `at o` phrt. #hij o`dovoduhf o` tjb arch`o)htoa` os h sbfgia`tho`bd u`ot h`d jos `bbds hrb o`tbrrbfhtbd. %jbsb hggbit joss lbjhvoar o` doggbrb`t whys. Earbavbr, gbbfo`c ag `bbds h`d tjbor shtosghitoa` os h ia`to`uaus praibss. /s suij, tjbsb irbhtb ia`to`uoty o` lbjhvoar.



Ia#$%b+ $ra!bss/

Eatovhtoa` os h iaepfb! praibssK iaepfb!oty bebrcbs lbihusb ag tjb `hturb ag  `bbds h`d tjb typb ag lbjhvoar tjht os httbeptbd ta shtosgy tjasb `bbds. %jbsb cb`brhtb iaepfb!oty o` eatovhtoa` praibss o` tjb gaffawo`c whys

hO (bbds hrb o`tbr`hf gbbfo`cs ag o`dovoduhfs h`d saebtoebs, bvb` tjby, tjbesbfvbs, ehy `at lb quotb hwhrb hlaut tjbor `bbds h`d tjb proaroty ag tjbsb. %jus, u`dbrsth`do`c ag jueh` `bbds h`d pravodo`c ebh`s gar tjbor shtosghitoa`  lbiaebs doggoiuft.  lO #vb` og `bbds hrb odb`togobd, tjb pralfbe os `at avbr jbrb hs h phrtoiufhr `bbd ehy rbsuft o`ta doggbrb`t lbjhvoar grae doggbrb`t o`dovoduhfs lbihusb ag tjbor  doggbrb`ibs. ar b!hepfb, tjb `bbd gar praeatoa` ehy lb u`ogare gar doggbrb`t o`dovoduhfs lut hff o`dovoduhfs ehy `at b`chcb o` soeofhr typb ag lbjhvoarK tjby ehy hdapt doggbrb`t rautbs ta shtosgy tjbor praeatoa` `bbds. iO

/ phrtoiufhr lbjhvoar ehy bebrcb `at a`fy lbihusb ag tjb spbiogoi `bbd lut ot

ehy lb lbihusb ag h vhrobty ag `bbds. ar b!hepfb, jhrd warm o` tjb arch`o)htoa` ehy lb dub ta tjb `bbd gar bhr`o`c earb ea`by ta shtosgy pjysoafacoihf `bbds, ar  ehy lb ta b`kay tjb pbrgareh`ib ag warm otsbfg h`d ea`by lbiaebs sbia`dhry ar  ta cbt rbiac`otoa` hs h jhrd warmo`c pbrsa`

^hcb <<

Eatovhtoa` Ia`!b$t T"b O`!b`tovb T"bar& a' Eatovhtoa`

/ rbwhrd, th`colfb ar o`th`colfb, os prbsb`tbd hgtbr tjb aiiurrb`ib ag h` hitoa` Jo.b. lbjhvoarO wotj tjb o`tb`t ta ihusb tjb lbjhvoar ta aiiur hcho`. %jos os da`b  ly hssaiohto`c pasotovb ebh`o`c ta tjb lbjhvoar. Ytudobs sjaw tjht og tjb pbrsa` rbibovbs tjb rbwhrd oeebdohtbfy, tjb bggbit waufd lb crbhtbr, h`d dbirbhsbs hs durhtoa` fb`ctjb`s. 8bpbtotovb hitoa`rbwhrd iaelo`htoa` ih` ihusb tjb hitoa` ta  lbiaeb jhlot. Eatovhtoa` iaebs grae twa tjo`cs> yau, h`d atjbr pbapfb. %jbrb os b!tro`soi eatovhtoa`, wjoij iaebs grae atjbrs, h`d o`tro`soi eatovhtoa`, wjoij iaebs grae wotjo` yau. 8bwhrds ih` hfsa lb arch`o)bd hs b!tro`soi ar o`tro`soi. #!tro`soi rbwhrds hrb b!tbr`hf ta tjb pbrsa`K gar b!hepfb, prhosb ar ea`by. +`tro`soi rbwhrds hrb o`tbr`hf ta tjb pbrsa`K gar b!hepfb, shtosghitoa` ar h gbbfo`c ag hiiaepfosjeb`t. Yaeb hutjars dosto`cuosj lbtwbb` twa gares ag o`tro`soi eatovhtoa`> a`b lhsbd a` b`kayeb`t, tjb atjbr a` alfochtoa`. +` tjos ia`tb!t, alfochtoa` rbgbrs ta eatovhtoa` lhsbd a` wjht h` o`dovoduhf tjo`ms aucjt ta lb da`b. ar o`sth`ib, h gbbfo`c ag rbspa`solofoty gar h eossoa` ehy fbhd ta jbfpo`c atjbrs lbya`d wjht os bhsofy alsbrvhlfb, rbwhrdbd, ar gu`.

\bwhrd h`d \bo`'ar!b#b`t

/ rbwhrd  os tjht wjoij gaffaws h` aiiurrb`ib ag h spbiogoi lbjhvoar wotj tjb o`tb`toa` ag him`awfbdco`c tjb lbjhvoar o` h pasotovb why. / rbwhrd agtb` jhs tjb o`tb`t ag b`iaurhco`c tjb lbjhvoar ta jhppb` hcho`. %jbrb hrb twa mo`ds ag  rbwhrds, b!tro`soi h`d o`tro`soi. #!tro`soi rbwhrds hrb b!tbr`hf ta, ar autsodb ag, tjb o`dovoduhfK gar b!hepfb, prhosb ar ea`by. +`tro`soi rbwhrds hrb o`tbr`hf ta, ar  wotjo`, tjb o`dovoduhfK gar b!hepfb, shtosghitoa` ar hiiaepfosjeb`t. ^hcb <9

Yaeb hutjars dosto`cuosj lbtwbb` twa gares ag o`tro`soi eatovhtoa`> a`b lhsbd a` b`kayeb`t, tjb atjbr a` alfochtoa`. +` tjos ia`tb!t, alfochtoa` rbgbrs ta eatovhtoa` lhsbd a` wjht h` o`dovoduhf tjo`ms aucjt ta lb da`b. ar o`sth`ib, h gbbfo`c ag rbspa`solofoty gar h eossoa` ehy fbhd ta jbfpo`c atjbrs lbya`d wjht os bhsofy alsbrvhlfb, rbwhrdbd, ar gu`. / rbo`garib os doggbrb`t grae rbwhrd, o` tjht rbo`garibeb`t os o`tb`dbd ta irbhtb h ebhsurbd o`irbhsb o` tjb rhtb ag h dbsorhlfb lbjhvoar gaffawo`c tjb hddotoa` ag  saebtjo`c ta tjb b`vora`eb`t. O`tro`so! h`d B+tro`so! Eatovhtoa` O`tro`so! Eatovhtoa`

+`tro`soi Eatovhtoa`> Ytbes grae tjb dorbit rbfhtoa`sjop lbtwbb` tjb warmbr h`d tjb thsm h`d ot os usuhffy sbfghppfobd7 

+`tro`soi eatovhtoa` aiiurs wjb` pbapfb b`chcb o` h` hitovoty, suij hs h

jally, wotjaut alvoaus b!tbr`hf o`ib`tovbs. +` m`awfbdcbsjhro`c iaeeu`otobs h`d arch`o)htoa`s, pbapfb agtb` iotb hftruostoi rbhsa`s gar tjbor phrtoiophtoa`, o`ifudo`c ia`troluto`c ta h iaeea` caad, h earhf alfochtoa` ta tjb craup, eb`tarsjop ar 'covo`c lhim'. +` warm   b`vora`eb`ts, ea`by ehy pravodb h earb pawbrguf b!tro`soi ghitar tjh` tjb o`tro`soi eatovhtoa`  pravodbd ly h` b`kayhlfb warmpfhib. +` tbres ag sparts, o`tro`soi eatovhtoa` os tjb eatovhtoa` tjht iaebs grae o`sodb tjb pbrgarebr. %jht os, tjb htjfbtb iaepbtbs gar tjb favb ag tjb spart. B+tro`so! Eatovhtoa`

#!tro`soi Eatovhtoa`> Ytbes grae tjb warm b`vora`eb`t b!tbr`hf ta tjb thsm h`d ot os usuhffy hppfobd ly saeba`b atjbr tjh` tjb pbrsa` lbo`c eatovhtbd, b!tro`soi eatovhtoa` iaebs grae autsodb ag tjb pbrgarebr. Ea`by os tjb east alvoaus ^hcb <4

b!hepfb, lut iabrioa` h`d tjrbht ag pu`osjeb`t hrb hfsa iaeea` b!tro`soi eatovhtoa`s. +` sparts, tjb irawd ehy ijbbr tjb pbrgarebr a`, h`d tjos eatovhtbs joe ar jbr ta da wbff. %rapjobs hrb hfsa b!tro`soi o`ib`tovbs. Iaepbtotoa` os agtb` b!tro`soi  lbihusb ot b`iaurhcbs tjb pbrgarebr ta wo` h`d lbht atjbrs, `at ta b`kay tjb o`tro`soi rbwhrds ag tjb hitovotyK Yaiohf psyijafacoihf rbsbhrij jhs o`doihtbd tjht b!tro`soi rbwhrds ih` fbhd ta avbr kustogoihtoa`  h`d h sulsbqub`t rbduitoa` o` o`tro`soi eatovhtoa`.

Iabr!oa`

%jb east alvoaus gare ag eatovhtoa` os iabrioa`, wjbrb tjb hvaodh`ib ag pho` ar  atjbr `bchtovb ia`sbqub`ibs jhs h` oeebdohtb bggbit. #!trbeb usb ag iabrioa` os ia`sodbrbd sfhvbry. $jofb iabrioa` os ia`sodbrbd earhffy rbprbjb`solfb o` eh`y  pjofasapjobs, ot os wodbfy prhitoibd a` prosa`brs, studb`ts o` eh`dhtary sijaafo`c, wotjo` tjb `uifbhr gheofy u`ot Ja` ijofdrb`O, h`d o` tjb gare ag ia`siroptoa`. Irotois ag eadbr` ihpothfose ijhrcb tjht wotjaut saiohf shgbty `btwarms, whcb sfhvbry os o`bvothlfb. -awbvbr, eh`y ihpothfosts suij hs /y` 8h`d jhvb lbb` vbry vaihf hcho`st iabrioa`. Yuiibssguf iabrioa` saebtoebs ih` thmb proaroty avbr  atjbr typbs ag eatovhtoa`. Ybfgiabrioa` os rhrbfy sulsth`tohffy `bchtovb Jtypoihffy a`fy `bchtovb o` tjb sb`sb tjht ot hvaods h pasotovb, suij hs u`dbrcao`c h` b!pb`sovb do``br ar h pbroad ag rbfh!htoa`O, jawbvbr ot os o`tbrbsto`c o` tjht ot offustrhtbs jaw fawbr fbvbfs ag eatovhtoa` ehy lb saebtoebs twbhmbd ta shtosgy jocjbr a`bs. b%'(!a`tra%

%jb sbfgia`traf ag eatovhtoa` os o`irbhso`cfy u`dbrstaad hs h sulsbt ag beatoa`hf o`tbffocb`ibK h pbrsa` ehy lb jocjfy o`tbffocb`t hiiardo`c ta h earb ia`sbrvhtovb

^hcb <2

dbgo`otoa` Jhs ebhsurbd ly eh`y o`tbffocb`ib tbstsO, ybt u`eatovhtbd ta dbdoihtb tjos o`tbffocb`ib ta ibrtho` thsms. 3hfb Yijaaf ag Eh`hcbeb`t ragbssar Noitar  Nraae's "b!pbith`iy tjbary" pravodbs h` hiiau`t ag wjb` pbapfb woff dbiodb wjbtjbr ta b!brt sbfg ia`traf ta pursub h phrtoiufhr cahf.

Eatovhtoa` ht Sar<$%h!b

-hvo`c h wbff eatovhtbd sthgg os bssb`tohf ta h praduitovb h`d pfbhsh`t warm  b`vora`eb`t. /s h eh`hcbr, ar fbhdbr, eatovhtoa` eust lb a`b ag yaur ijobg  ia`ibr`s. #vbry a`b os eatovhtbd ly saebtjo`c. $jb` yau ca ta tjb supbrehrmbt, yau hrb eatovhtbd ly ju`cbrK wjb` yau ru`, yau hrb eatovhtbd ly tjb dbsorb ta lb jbhftjy, bti. Ya wjht eatovhtbs h pbrsa` ta warm 9 (at kust warm, lut warm  bggoiob`tfy h`d fayhffy9 %jht dbpb`ds a` tjht o`dovoduhf4s pbrsa`hfoty. ar pbapfb wotj h` hfpjh pbrsa`hfoty, rbiac`otoa` eocjt lb wjht drovbs tjbe. *bo`c tjb lbst ht wjht yau da os wartj `atjo`c u`fbss saeba`b os tjbrb ta sbb ot. ar atjbrs ot iaufd  lb ea`by, atjbrs stoff rbspa`solofoty. Yaebtoebs, ot4s bvb` hs soepfb hs him`awfbdco`c wjb` saeba`b jhs da`b h caad kal. +t ehmbs tjbe gbbf hpprbiohtbd, h`d og tjby da`4t cbt tjht ht yaur pfhib ag luso`bss, tjb` tjby hrb kust h iaeeadoty. #epfaybbs hrb yaur o`tbr`hf iustaebrs, o` h sb`sb. 3au wh`t tjb sbrvoib h`d suppart ta lb tjb lbst o` tjb warfd, lbihusb tjht4s jaw ot `bbds ta lb ta mbbp yaur iustaebrs rbtur`o`c ta yau. Eh`y luso`bss eh`hcbrs tadhy hrb `at hwhrb ag tjb bggbits tjht eatovhtoa` ih` Jh`d dabsO jhvb a` tjbor luso`bss, h`d ot os tjbrbgarb oeparth`t tjby fbhr` h`d u`dbrsth`d tjb ghitars tjht dbtbreo`b pasotovb eatovhtoa` o` tjb warmpfhib. %jb so)b ag yaur luso`bss os orrbfbvh`t> wjbtjbr yau hrb tryo`c ta cbt tjb lbst aut ag  gogty ag yaur sthgg ar kust a`b, bvbrya`b `bbds saeb gare ag eatovhtoa`. Eatovhtoa` os saebtjo`c tjht os hpprahijbd doggbrb`tfy ly doggbrb`t luso`bssbs h`d tjb rbspa`solofoty ag ots o`tbcrhtoa` fobs wotj hff oeebdohtb supbrvosars ag sthgg. ^hcb <7

-awbvbr, ot os tjb luso`bss aw`br wja eust o`otohtb eatovhtoa` hs h strhtbcy ta httho` iarparhtb cahfs. Eatovhto`c B#$%a&bbs

`eatovhtbd bepfaybbs jhvb rocjtfy lbb` ihffbd "tjb lfhim jafbs ag tjb luso`bss u`ovbrsb." artu`htbfy, eatovhtoa` os `at saebtjo`c h pbrsa` os lar` wotj ar  wotjaut. -brb hrb h gbw lhsois ta try ht yaur warmpfhib ta b`surb tjht yau hrb dao`c bvbrytjo`c yau ih` ta eatovhtb yaur sthgg> 

Hs
rbaiiurro`c tjbeb, yau eocjt wh`t ta hddrbss ot.  Fostb`/ ( Ca`4t kust jbhr tjbe thfmo`c. /itovb fostb`o`c os h vothf smoff ta tjb survovhf ag h`y warmpfhib. %jb vhst ehkaroty ag rbsoc`htoa`s hrb h rbsuft ag  bepfaybbs `at gbbfo`c hpprbiohtbd.  \b!ac`o2b \bc)%hr%&/  Yjaw tjbe tjht yau `atoib tjbor jhrd warm.
^hcb <3

ot tjb lbst. %jb &fyepois hrb h caad b!hepfb, wotj tjb vhst ehkaroty ag tjb iau`trobs a` tjb ghib ag tjb pfh`bt iaepbto`c hcho`st a`b h`atjbr.  *b Grob`d%& Sot" Bvbr&a`b= *)t Da`?t *b!a#b Grob`ds/ (  hvarotose os h jhrd hiiushtoa` ta fovb daw`, bspbiohffy og ot4s trub. Ca`4t put yaursbfg o` h pasotoa` tjht iaufd rbsuft o` h` b`vora`eb`t ag ghvarotose. Lovo`c prbgbrb`tohf trbhteb`t ta h pbrsa`, a` h `a`warm rbfhtbd lhsos, os u`ghor. `ghor`bss o` tjb warmpfhib fbhds ta tur`avbr.  "hrb/ (Ca`4t mbbp hff tjb o`garehtoa` ta yaursbfg. o%ot&/ ( %jbrb hrb dbgo`otbfy bepfaybbs o` yaur  arch`o)htoa` wja hrb lbcco`c gar h`d ih` jh`dfb hddotoa`hf rbspa`solofoty. &ur kal hs eh`hcbrs os ta odb`togy wja tjby hrb h`d og passolfb ehtij rbspa`solofotobs ta tjbor strb`ctjs h`d dbsorbs. Govb Eatovhtoa`h% Gh!tars Bvbr& B#$%a&bb Sh`ts Gra# Sar< ^%h!b

$jht da bepfaybbs wh`t grae warm9 %jbrb hrb govb ghitars tjht eust lb prbsb`t o` yaur warmpfhib gar yaur bepfaybbs ta lb jhppy h`d eatovhtbd ht warm. 3aur  bepfaybbs `bbd rbspbit, ta lb ebelbrs ag tjb o`irawd, ta oephit dbiosoa` ehmo`c hlaut tjbor kals, ta jhvb tjb appartu`oty ta craw h`d dbvbfap, h`d hiibss ta rbhsa`hlfb fbhdbrsjop. %jb gaffawo`c dbsirolb wjht bepfaybbs wh`t grae warm 

^hcb <:



\bs$b!t os tjb gu`dheb`thf rocjt ag bvbry bepfaybb o` bvbry warmpfhib. +g 

 pbapfb gbbf hs og tjby hrb trbhtbd wotj rbspbit, tjby usuhffy rbspa`d wotj rbspbit h`d doc`ogobd hitoa`s. hrt ag rbspbit os prhosb h`d gbbdlhim sa pbapfb m`aw jaw tjby hrb dao`c ht warm. #epfaybbs wh`t ta gbbf hs og tjby hrb #b#>brs ag tjb o`irawd. %jos ebh`s  tjht tjby m`aw h`d jhvb hiibss ta o`garehtoa` hs quoimfy hs h`ya`b bfsb o` yaur  warmpfhib.  #epfaybbs wh`t ta fbhr` `bw s
%jbrb hrb twa eho` ihusbs ag pbrgareh`ib pralfbes. %jb gorst jhs ta da wotj bepfaybb ijhrhitbrostois. #epfaybb pbrgareh`ib os lhsbd a` tjb gaffawo`c> bepfaybb smoff fbvbfs, eatovhtoa`, hlofoty, trho`o`c, h`d atjbr ghitars tjht "lbfa`c" ht fbhst o` phrt, ta tjb bepfaybb. %jb sbia`d typb ag ihusb jhs ta da wotj tjb systbe o` wjoij warm os da`b. +` tjos ihtbcary hrb o`ifudbd> eh`hcbrohf lbjhvoar, hffaihtoa` ag rbsauribs, tjb bggbits ag  iaffbhcub lbjhvoar, h`d h wodb rh`cb ag vhrohlfbs tjht hrb, ly h`d fhrcb, lbya`d tjb ia`traf ag tjb o`dovoduhf bepfaybb.

^hcb
$jb` tryo`c ta odb`togy tjb ihusbs ag paar bepfaybb pbrgareh`ib ot's hlsafutbfy irotoihf tjht latj mo`ds ag ihusbs lb b!heo`bd. #vb` saebtjo`c fomb "paar  bepfaybb eatovhtoa`", saebtjo`c tjht waufd hppbhr a` tjb surghib ta lb rbfhtbd ta bepfaybb ijhrhitbrostois, os jbhvofy o`gfub`ibd ly tjb warm b`vora`eb`t. / warm  b`vora`eb`t ih` lb grustrhto`c ar dbearhfo)o`c, sa hpphrb`t paar bepfaybb eatovhtoa` ih` otsbfg lb ihusbd ly h paar warmo`c b`vora`eb`t.

Eatovhtoa` os t"b 6b& ta ^br'ar#h`!b O#$ravb#b`t

%jbrb os h` afd shyo`c yau ih` thmb h jarsb ta tjb whtbr lut yau ih``at garib ot ta dro`mK ot woff dro`m a`fy og ot's tjorsty  sa wotj pbapfb. %jby woff da wjht tjby wh`t ta da ar atjbrwosb eatovhtbd ta da. $jbtjbr ot os ta b!ibf a` tjb warmsjap gfaar ar  o` tjb 'ovary tawbr' tjby eust lb eatovhtbd ar drovb` ta ot, botjbr ly tjbesbfvbs ar  tjraucj b!tbr`hf stoeufus. /rb tjby lar` wotj tjb sbfgeatovhtoa` ar drovb9 3bs h`d `a. +g `a, tjby ih` lb eatovhtbd, gar eatovhtoa` os h smoff wjoij ih` h`d eust  lb fbhr`t. %jos os bssb`tohf gar h`y luso`bss ta survovb h`d suiibbd. brgareh`ib os ia`sodbrbd ta lb h gu`itoa` ag hlofoty h`d eatovhtoa`, tjus> 4a> $br'ar#h`!b 5' 0h>o%ot&. 0#atovhtoa`.

/lofoty o` tur` dbpb`ds a` bduihtoa`, b!pbrob`ib h`d trho`o`c h`d ots oepravbeb`t os h sfaw h`d fa`c praibss. &` tjb atjbr jh`d eatovhtoa` ih` lb oepravbd quoimfy. %jbrb hrb eh`y aptoa`s h`d h` u`o`otohtbd eh`hcbr ehy `at bvb` m`aw wjbrb ta sthrt. /s h cuodbfo`b, tjbrb hrb lrahdfy sbvb` strhtbcobs gar eatovhtoa`. %jbrb hrb lrahdfy sbvb` strhtbcobs gar eatovhtoa`.

    

asotovb rbo`garibeb`t B jocj b!pbithtoa`s #ggbitovb dosiopfo`b h`d pu`osjeb`t %rbhto`c pbapfb ghorfy Yhtosgyo`c bepfaybbs4 `bbds Ybtto`c warm rbfhtbd cahfs ^hcb 9>

 

8bstruituro`c kals *hsb rbwhrds a` kal pbrgareh`ib

#ssb`tohffy, tjbrb os h chp lbtwbb` h` o`dovoduhf4s hituhf sthtb h`d saeb dbsorbd sthtb h`d tjb eh`hcbr trobs ta rbduib tjos chp. Eatovhtoa` os, o` bggbit, h ebh`s ta rbduib h`d eh`opufhtb tjos chp.

trhtbcobs a' B#$%a&bb Eatovhto`c

*br`hrd o` Yta`br, bt hf. J?MM5O hiiards dyb rbiac`otoa` ta tjb warmbrs shyo`c tjht, 2tjb uftoehtb tbst ag arch`o)htoa`hf suiibss os ot4s ta irbhtb vhfubs suggoiob`t ta iaepb`shtb gar tjb lurdb`s oepasbd upa` rbsauribs ia`trolutbd.7*br`hrd faams ht warmbrs, o` phrtoiufhr folrhtoa`s, o` h` arch`o)bd b`dbhvar, putto`c o` toeb brh ag  tjb o`garehtoa` supbrjocjwhy, bepfaybrs ag o`garehtoa` pragbssoa`hfs ar  folrhroh`s eust lb ihrbguf ta ebbt tjbor `bbds. &tjbrwosb, tjby woff dosiavbr tjby hrb faso`c tjbor thfb`tbd h`d irbhtovb pragbssoa`hfs ta atjbr arch`o)htoa`s wja hrb rbhdy h`d woffo`c t ebbt tjbor `bbds h`d dbeh`ds. %jb qubstoa` jbrb os wjht strhtbcobs ih` usbd ta eatovhtb o`garehtoa` pragbssoa`hfs, phrtoiufhrfy folrhtoa`s9 %jb gaffawo`c hrb strhtbcobs> 

h%hr&= whcbs h`d !a`dotoa`s a' sbrvo!b/   %a usb shfhrobs hs h eatovhtar 

bggbitovbfy, pbrsa``bf eh`hcbrs eust ia`sodbr gaur ehkar iaepa`b`ts ag h shfhry struiturbs. %jbsb hrb tjb kal rhtb, wjoij rbfhtbs ta tjb oeparth`ib tjb arch`o)htoa` htthijbs ta bhij kalK phyeb`t, wjoij b`iaurhcbs warmbrs ar craups ly rbwhrdo`c tjbe hiiardo`c ta tjbor pbrgareh`ib pbrsa`hf ar spbiohf hffawh`ibs, hssaiohtbd wotj ghitars suij hs sihrioty ag phrtoiufhr smoffs ar ibrtho` ihtbcarobs ag o`garehtoa`  pragbssoa`hfs ar folrhroh`s, ar +t os hfsa oeparth`t ta b`surb tjht tjb prbvhofo`c phy o` atjbr folrhry ar o`garehtoa` bsthlfosjeb`ts os thmb` o`ta ia`sodbrhtoa` o` dbtbreo`o`c tjb phy struiturb ag tjbor arch`o)htoa`.

^hcb 98



Ea`b&/  /mo`tayb J;:::O hssbrts tjht ea`by rbeho`s tjb east soc`ogoih`t

eatovhtoa`hf strhtbcy. /s ghr lhim hs ?M??.rbdbroim %hyfar h`d jos siob`togoi eh`hcbeb`t hssaiohtb dbsirolbd ea`by hs tjb east oeparth`t ghitars o` eatovhto`c tjb o`dustrohf warmbrs ta hijobvb crbhtbr praduitovoty. %hyfar hdvaihtbd tjb bsthlfosjeb`t ag o`vb`tovb whcb systbes hs h ebh`s ag stoeufhto`c warmbrs ta jocjbr pbrgareh`ib, iaeeoteb`t, h`d bvb`tuhffy shtosghitoa`. Ea`by passbssbs soc`ogoih`t eatovhto`c pawbr o` hs euij hs ot syelafo)bs o`th`colfb cahfs fomb sbiuroty, pawbr prbstocb, h`d h gbbfo`c ag hiiaepfosjeb`t h`d suiibss. Fht), o` Yo`ifhor,bt hf.J;::5O dbea`strhtbs tjb eatovhtoa`hf pawbr ag ea`by tjraucj tjb  praibss ag kal ijaoib. -b b!pfho`s tjht ea`by jhs tjb pawbr ta httrhit, rbtho`, h`d eatovhtb o`dovoduhfs tawhrds jocjbr pbrgareh`ib. ar o`sth`ib, og h folrhroh` ar  o`garehtoa` pragbssoa`hf jhs h`atjbr kal aggbr wjoij jhs odb`toihf kal ijhrhitbrostois wotj jos iurrb`t kal, lut crbhtbr go`h`iohf rbwhrd, tjht whrdbr waufd o` hff pralhlofoty lb eatovhtbd ta hiibpt tjb `bw kal aggbr. *h`kamaJ?MM0Osthtbs tjht eh`y eh`hcbrs usb ea`by ta 8bwhrd ar pu`osj warmbrs .%jos os da`b tjraucj tjb Jb.c., prbehturb rbtorbeb`t dub ta paar pbrgareh`ibO.%jb dbsorb ta lb  praeatbd h`d bhr` b`jh`ibd phy ehy hfsa eatovhtb bepfaybbs. th'' Trho`o`c/ (a ehttbr jaw hutaehtbd h` arch`o)htoa` ar h folrhry ehy   lb, jocj praduitovoty dbpb`ds a` tjb fbvbf ag eatovhtoa` h`d tjb bggbitovb`bss ag  tjb warmgarib. Ythgg trho`o`c os o`dospb`shlfb os h` o`dospb`shlfb strhtbcy gar  eatovhto`c warmbr. %jb folrhry arch`o)htoa` eust jhvb caad trho`o`c pracrheebd. %jos woff covb tjb folrhroh` ar o`garehtoa` pragbssoa`hf appartu`otobs gar sbfg oepravbeb`t h`d dbvbfapeb`t ta ebbt tjb ijhffb`cbs h`d rbquorbeb`ts ag `bw bquopeb`t h`d tbij`oqubs ag pbrgareo`c h thsm  O`'ar#htoa` Hvho%h>o%ot& h`d Ia##)`o!htoa`/ &`b why eh`hcbrs ih`  stoeufhtb eatovhtoa` os ta covb rbfbvh`t o`garehtoa` a` tjb ia`sbqub`ibs ag tjbor  hitoa` a` atjbrs J&fhkodb, ;:::O.%a tjos rbsbhrijbr ot sbbes tjht tjbrb os `a m`aw` arch`o)htoa` o` wjoij iaeeu`oihtb, iaapbrhtb, h`d iaffhlarhtb wotj a`b h`atjbr. +`garehtoa` hvhofhlofoty lro`cs ta lbhr h pawbrguf pbbr prbssurb, wjbrb twa ar  ^hcb 9<

earb pbapfb ru``o`c tacbtjbr woff ru``brs. *y sjhro`c o`garehtoa`, sulardo`htbs iaepbtb wotj a`b h`atjbr. Ytudobs a` warm eatovhtoa` sbbe ta ia`gore tjht ot oepravbs warmbrs4 pbrgareh`ib h`d shtosghitoa`. ar b!hepfb, *raw` h`d Yjbpjbrd J?MM1O b!heo`b tjb ijhrhitbrostois ag tjb warm ag tbhijbrfolrhroh`s o` gaur ehkar ihtbcarobs> F`awfbdcb lhsb, tbij`oihf smoffs, vhfubs, h`d lbfobgs. -b rbparts tjht tjby woff suiibbd o` ebbto`c tjos ijhffb`cb a`fy og tjby hrb eatovhtbd  ly dbbpfyjbfd vhfubs h`d lbfobgs rbchrdo`c tjb dbvbfapeb`t ag h sjhrbd vosoa`. No`amur, khyhrh`t`b, h`d Ijbss J?MM6O b!heo`b hcb`iyo`gfub`ibd warm h`d bepfayeb`t ia`dotoa`s h`d hssbs tjbor oephit a` saiohf warmbrs4 kal shtosghitoa`. $jofb Iafvo` J?MMGO sjaws tjht go`h`iohf o`ib`tovbs woff cbt pbapfb ta da earb ag  wjht tjby hrb dao`c, Yofvbrtjar`b J?MM0O o`vbstochtbs eatovhtoa` h`d eh`hcbrohf styfbs o` tjb provhtb h`d pulfoi sbitar. %jb rbsufts o`doihtb tjht tjbrb os h fottfb doggbrb`ib lbtwbb` tjb eatovhtoa` `bbds ag pulfoi h`d provhtb sbitar bepfaybbs, eh`hcbrs, h`d `a`eh`hcbrs. Irbhtovot& h`d O``avhtoa`

/t eh`y iaeph`obs, bepfaybbs wotj irbhtovb odbhs da `at b!prbss tjbe ta eh`hcbeb`t gar gbhr tjht tjbor o`put woff lb oc`arbd ar rodoiufbd. Iaeph`y hppravhf h`d tabo`c tjb iaeph`y fo`b jhvb lbiaeb sa o`crho`bd o` saeb warmo`c b`vora`eb`ts tjht latj tjb bepfaybb h`d tjb arch`o)htoa` suggbr. $jb` tjb pawbr  ta irbhtb o` tjb arch`o)htoa` os pusjbd daw` grae tjb tap ta fo`b pbrsa``bf, bepfaybbs wja m`aw h kal, praduit, ar sbrvoib lbst hrb covb` tjb appartu`oty ta usb tjbor odbhs ta oepravb ot. %jb pawbr ta irbhtb eatovhtbs bepfaybbs h`d  lb`bgots tjb arch`o)htoa` o` jhvo`c h earb gfb!olfb warm garib, uso`c earb wosbfy tjb b!pbrob`ib ag ots bepfaybbs, h`d o`irbhso`c tjb b!ijh`cb ag odbhs h`d o`garehtoa` hea`c bepfaybbs h`d dbphrteb`ts. %jbsb oepravbeb`ts hfsa irbhtb h` apb``bss ta ijh`cb tjht ih` covb h iaeph`y tjb hlofoty ta rbspa`d quoimfy ta ehrmbt ijh`cbs h`d sustho` h gorst eavbr hdvh`thcb. ^hcb 99

Eo`o#o2b \)%bs h`d ^a%o!obs

#vbry pbrsa` os eatovhtbd. %jb ijhffb`cb ht warm os ta irbhtb h` b`vora`eb`t o` wjoij pbapfb hrb eatovhtbd hlaut warm proarotobs. %aa agtb`, arch`o)htoa`s ghof ta  phy httb`toa` ta tjb bepfaybb rbfhtoa`s, iaeeu`oihtoa`, rbiac`otoa`, h`d o`vafvbeb`t ossubs tjht hrb east oeparth`t ta pbapfb. %jb gorst stbp o` irbhto`c h eatovhto`c warm b`vora`eb`t os ta stap thmo`c hitoa`s tjht hrb cuhrh`tbbd ta dbeatovhtb pbapfb. +db`togy h`d thmb tjb hitoa`s tjht woff eatovhtb pbapfb. +t4s h lhfh`io`c hit. #epfaybrs whfm h go`b fo`b lbtwbb` ebbto`c tjb `bbds ag tjb arch`o)htoa` h`d ots iustaebrs h`d ebbto`c tjb `bbds ag ots o`tbr`hf sthgg. Ca latj wbff h`d tjrovb. $b4vb cat bepfaybbs wja, fbgt ta tjbor aw` dbvoibs, woff ijaasb ta da lhd tjo`cs. 3au ih`4t trust supbrvosars ta trbht bepfaybbs ghorfy h`d ia`sostb`tfy botjbr.

;aw ta O#$ravb B#$%a&bb ^br'ar#h`!b

#epfaybb pbrgareh`ib rbvobws hrb typoihffy tjb east drbhdbd thsm ag eh`hcbrs. %jb `bw hpprahij os gar trh`sphrb`iy h`d pravodo`c h` a`cao`c ia`vbrshtoa` wotj bepfaybbs a` jaw tjbor pbrgareh`ib jhs h dorbit bggbit a` tjb arch`o)htoa`'s avbrhff pbrgareh`ib. tb$ -

Cbea`strhtb ta bepfaybbs tjht tjbrb os h ia``bitoa` lbtwbb` tjb o`dovoduhf's  pbrgareh`ib h`d tjb arch`o)htoa`'s pbrgareh`ib cahfs. #epfaybb pbrgareh`ib os tjb gau`dhtoa` gar h luso`bss hijobvo`c ot's fhrcbr cahfs, wjhtbvbr tjby ehy lb. #epfaybbs sjaufd u`dbrsth`d tjht tjb thrcbts tjht hrb usbd o` tjbor pbrgareh`ib bvhfuhtoa`s hrb dorbitfy rbfhtbd ta tjb iaeph`y's avbrhff cahfs.

^hcb 94

tb$8

%rho` supbrvosars h`d eh`hcbrs a` jaw eh`hcb bepfaybb pbrgareh`ib. +t ih` lb doggoiuft ta ebhsurb og cahfs jhvb lbb` httho`bd og tjbrb hrb `a quh`togohlfb ebtrois. *bihusb ag tjos, eh`hcbrs eust lbiaeb lbttbr ht iahijo`c h`d ia`struitovb iaeeu`oihto`c tjbrb dbsorbd cahfs h`d pbrgareh`ib autiaebs. tb$1

#`surb tjht tjbrb os iaepfbtb trh`sphrb`iy hlaut jaw bepfaybb pbrgareh`ib os ebhsurbd h`d wjht tjb iaeph`y's b!pbithtoa`s hrb. &`b why ag dao`c tjos os o`irbhso`c apb` iaeeu`oihtoa` lbtwbb` eh`hcbrs h`d tjbor bepfaybbs. Iaeph`obs ehy hfsa rbfy a` bepfaybb pbrgareh`ib eh`hcbeb`t sagtwhrb tjht woff trhim cahfs h`d pbrgareh`ib h`d lb hvhofhlfb gar hff ta hiibss. #epfaybb shtosghitoa` woff tb`d ta craw wjb` tjbrb os h pbrgareh`ib eh`hcbeb`t systbe o`  pfhib tjht tjby u`dbrsth`d h`d ih` rbvobw tjraucjaut tjb ybhr.

tb$3

Ca`'t ehmb ijh`cbs ta bepfaybb pbrgareh`ib systbes taa quoimfy. +t os doggoiuft ta ijh`cb tjb pbrgareh`ib rbvobw systbe h`d tjb ia``bitbd rbwhrd ar iaepb`shtoa` systbe ht tjb sheb toeb. +t's oeparth`t tjht bepfaybbs u`dbrsth`d h`d trust tjb  pbrgareh`ib rbvobw lbgarb tjby woff luyo` ta h `bw iaepb`shtoa` pfh`. 8aff aut tjb bepfaybb pbrgareh`ib sth`dhrds h`d cbt gbbdlhim grae sthmbjafdbrs lbgarb thmo`c a` earb.

B#$%a&bb rb!ac`otoa`

#epfaybb rbiac`otoa` os `at kust h `oib tjo`c ta da gar pbapfb. #epfaybb rbiac`otoa` os h iaeeu`oihtoa` taaf tjht rbo`garibs h`d rbwhrds tjb east oeparth`t autiaebs pbapfb irbhtb gar yaur luso`bss. $jb` yau rbiac`o)b pbapfb bggbitovbfy, yau rbo`garib, wotj yaur ijasb` ebh`s ag rbiac`otoa`, tjb hitoa`s h`d

^hcb 92

 lbjhvoars yau east wh`t ta sbb pbapfb rbpbht. /` bggbitovb bepfaybb rbiac`otoa` systbe os soepfb, oeebdohtb, h`d pawbrguffy rbo`gario`c. $jb` yau ia`sodbr bepfaybb rbiac`otoa` praibssbs, yau `bbd ta dbvbfap rbiac`otoa` tjht os bquhffy pawbrguf gar latj tjb arch`o)htoa` h`d tjb bepfaybb. 3au eust hddrbss govb oeparth`t ossubs og yau wh`t tjb rbiac`otoa` yau aggbr ta lb vobwbd hs eatovhto`c h`d rbwhrdo`c ly yaur bepfaybbs h`d oeparth`t gar tjb suiibss ag yaur arch`o)htoa`.

T"b Govb East O#$arth`t To$s 'ar B''b!tovb \b!ac`otoa`

3au `bbd ta bsthlfosj irotbroh gar wjht pbrgareh`ib ar ia`trolutoa` ia`stotutbs rbwhrdhlfb lbjhvoar ar hitoa`s.  

/ff bepfaybbs eust lb bfocolfb gar tjb rbiac`otoa`. %jb rbiac`otoa` eust suppfy tjb bepfaybr h`d bepfaybb wotj spbiogoi o`garehtoa` hlaut wjht lbjhvoars ar hitoa`s hrb lbo`c rbwhrdbd h`d

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rbiac`o)bd. /`ya`b wja tjb` pbrgares ht tjb fbvbf ar sth`dhrd sthtbd o` tjb irotbroh



rbibovbs tjb rbwhrd. %jb rbiac`otoa` sjaufd aiiur hs ifasb ta tjb pbrgareh`ib ag tjb hitoa`s hs  passolfb, sa tjb rbiac`otoa` rbo`garibs lbjhvoar tjb bepfaybr wh`ts ta



b`iaurhcb. 3au da`'t wh`t ta dbsoc` h praibss o` wjoij eh`hcbrs "sbfbit" tjb pbapfb ta rbibovb rbiac`otoa`. %jos typb ag praibss woff lb vobwbd garbvbr hs "ghvarotose" ar thfmbd hlaut hs "ot's yaur tur` ta cbt rbiac`o)bd tjos ea`tj." %jos os wjy  praibssbs tjht so`cfb aut h` o`dovoduhf, suij hs "#epfaybb ag tjb Ea`tj," hrb rhrbfy bggbitovb.

^hcb 97

BITA\ ^\AGOFB

^hcb 93

*H@6O@C O@ O@DOH *h`mo`c o` +`doh aroco`htbd o` tjb fhst dbihdbs gorst lh`ms wbrb %jb Lb`brhf *h`m  ag +`doh, wjoij sthrtbd o` ?1G0, h`d *h`m ag -o`dusth`, wjoij sthrtbd o` ?11:K  latj hrb `aw dbgu`it. %jb afdbst lh`m o` b!ostb`ib o` +`doh os tjb Ythtb *h`m ag  +`doh, wjoij aroco`htbd o` tjb *h`m ag Ihfiutth o` u`b ?G:0, wjoij hfeast oeebdohtbfy lbiheb tjb *h`m ag *b`chf. %jos whs a`b ag tjb tjrbb prbsodb`iy  lh`ms, tjb atjbr twa lbo`c tjb *h`m ag *aelhy h`d tjb *h`m ag Ehdrhs, hff tjrbb ag wjoij wbrb bsthlfosjbd u`dbr ijhrtbrs grae tjb *rotosj #hst +`doh Iaeph`y. ar  eh`y ybhrs tjb rbsodb`iy lh`ms hitbd hs quhsoib`trhf lh`ms, hs dod tjbor  suiibssars. %jb tjrbb lh`ms ebrcbd o` ?M;? ta gare tjb +epbrohf *h`m ag +`doh, wjoij, upa` +`doh's o`dbpb`db`ib, lbiheb tjb Ythtb *h`m ag +`doh o` ?M55.

;OTA\_

+`doh` ebrijh`ts o` Ihfiutth@ bsthlfosjbd tjb `oa` *h`m o` ?G=M, lut ot ghofbd o` ?G6G hs h ia`sbqub`ib ag tjb bia`aeoi irosos ag ?G6G6M. %jb /ffhjhlhd *h`m, bsthlfosjbd o` ?G05 h`d stoff gu`itoa`o`c tadhy, os tjb afdbst ao`t Ytaim lh`m o` +`doh.Jao`t Ytaim *h`m> / iaeph`y tjht ossubs staim h`d rbquorbs sjhrbjafdbrs ta  lb jbfd fohlfb gar tjb iaeph`y's dbltO +t whs `at tjb gorst tjaucj. %jht ja`ar   lbfa`cs ta tjb *h`m ag ppbr +`doh, wjoij whs bsthlfosjbd o` ?G0=, h`d wjoij survovbd u`tof ?M?=, wjb` ot ghofbd, wotj saeb ag ots hssbts h`d fohlofotobs lbo`c trh`sgbrrbd ta tjb /ffoh`ib *h`m ag Yoefh.

arboc` lh`ms taa sthrtbd ta hpp, phrtoiufhrfy o` Ihfiutth, o` tjb ?G0:s. %jb Iaeptaorb d'#siaeptb db hros apb`bd h lrh`ij o` Ihfiutth o` ?G0:, h`d h`atjbr  o` *aelhy o` ?G0;K lrh`ijbs o` Ehdrhs h`d a`doijbrry, tjb` h rb`ij iafa`y, gaffawbd. -Y*I bsthlfosjbd otsbfg o` *b`chf o` ?G0M. Ihfiutth whs tjb east hitovb

^hcb 9:

trhdo`c part o` +`doh, eho`fy dub ta tjb trhdb ag tjb *rotosj #eporb, h`d sa lbiheb h lh`mo`c ib`tbr. %jb gorst b`torbfy +`doh` kao`t staim lh`m whs tjb &udj Iaeebriohf *h`m, bsthlfosjbd o` ?GG? o` ho)hlhd. +t ghofbd o` ?M5G. %jb `b!t whs tjb u`khl  (htoa`hf *h`m, bsthlfosjbd o`
/rau`d tjb tur` ag tjb ;:tj Ib`tury, tjb +`doh` bia`aey whs phsso`c tjraucj h rbfhtovb pbroad ag sthlofoty. /rau`d govb dbihdbs jhd bfhpsbd so`ib tjb +`doh` Euto`y, h`d tjb saiohf, o`dustrohf h`d atjbr o`grhstruiturb jhd oepravbd. +`doh`s jhd bsthlfosjbd sehff lh`ms, east ag wjoij sbrvbd phrtoiufhr btj`oi h`d rbfocoaus iaeeu`otobs.

%jb prbsodb`iy lh`ms daeo`htbd lh`mo`c o` +`doh lut tjbrb wbrb hfsa saeb b!ijh`cb lh`ms h`d h `uelbr ag +`doh` kao`t staim lh`ms. /ff tjbsb lh`ms apbrhtbd o` doggbrb`t sbceb`ts ag tjb bia`aey. %jb b!ijh`cb lh`ms, eastfy aw`bd ly #urapbh`s, ia`ib`trhtbd a` go`h`io`c garboc` trhdb. +`doh` kao`t staim   lh`ms wbrb cb`brhffy u`dbr ihpothfo)bd h`d fhimbd tjb b!pbrob`ib h`d ehturoty ta iaepbtb wotj tjb prbsodb`iy h`d b!ijh`cb lh`ms. %jos sbceb`thtoa` fbt
%jb pbroad lbtwbb` ?M:0 h`d ?M??, shw tjb bsthlfosjeb`t ag lh`ms o`sporbd ly tjb Ywhdbsjo eavbeb`t. %jb Ywhdbsjo eavbeb`t o`sporbd faihf luso`bsseb` h`d  pafotoihf gocurbs ta gau`d lh`ms ag h`d gar tjb +`doh` iaeeu`oty. / `uelbr ag   lh`ms bsthlfosjbd tjb` jhvb survovbd ta tjb prbsb`t suij hs *h`m ag +`doh,

^hcb 9?

Iarparhtoa` *h`m, +`doh` *h`m, *h`m ag *hradh, Ih`hrh *h`m h`d Ib`trhf *h`m  ag +`doh.

%jb gbrvaur ag Ywhdbsjo eavbeb`t fbhd ta bsthlfosjo`c ag eh`y provhtb lh`ms o` Chmsjo`h Fh``hdh h`d dupo dostroit wjoij wbrb u`ogobd bhrfobr h`d m`aw` ly tjb `heb Yautj Ih`hrh J Yautj Fh`hrh O dostroit. aur `htoa`hfosbd lh`ms sthrtbd o` tjos dostroit h`d hfsa h fbhdo`c provhtb sbitar lh`m. -b`ib u`dovodbd Chmsjo`h Fh``hdh dostroit os m`aw` hs "Irhdfb ag +`doh` *h`mo`c".

Curo`c tjb orst $arfd $hr J?M?6D?M?GO tjraucj tjb b`d ag tjb Ybia`d $arfd $hr J?M=MD?M65O, h`d twa ybhrs tjbrbhgtbr u`tof tjb o`dbpb`db`ib ag +`doh wbrb ijhffb`co`c gar +`doh` lh`mo`c. %jb ybhrs ag tjb orst $arfd $hr wbrb turlufb`t, h`d ot taam ots taff wotj lh`ms soepfy iaffhpso`c dbspotb tjb +`doh` bia`aey cho`o`c o`dorbit laast dub ta whrrbfhtbd bia`aeoi hitovotobs.

^AT(O@DB^B@DB@IB

%jb phrtotoa` ag +`doh o` ?M61 hdvbrsbfy oephitbd tjb bia`aeobs ag u`khl h`d $bst *b`chf, phrhfy)o`c lh`mo`c hitovotobs gar ea`tjs. +`doh's o`dbpb`db`ib ehrmbd tjb b`d ag h rbcoeb ag tjb %jb 8bsbrvb *h`m ag +`doh, +`doh's ib`trhf lh`mo`c hutjaroty, whs bsthlfosjbd o` /prof ?M=6, lut whs `htoa`hfo)bd a` h`uhry ?, ?M6M u`dbr tjb tbres ag tjb 8bsbrvb *h`m ag +`doh J%rh`sgbr ta ulfoi &w`brsjopO /it, ?M6G J8*+, ;::5lO.?@

^hcb 4>

+` ?M6M, tjb *h`mo`c 8bcufhtoa` /it whs b`hitbd wjoij bepawbrbd tjb 8bsbrvb *h`m ag +`doh J8*+O "ta rbcufhtb, ia`traf, h`d o`spbit tjb lh`ms o` +`doh". %jb *h`mo`c 8bcufhtoa` /it hfsa pravodbd tjht `a `bw lh`m ar lrh`ij ag h` b!osto`c lh`m iaufd lb apb`bd wotjaut h foib`sb grae tjb Y*+, h`d `a twa lh`ms iaufd jhvb iaeea` dorbitars.

@HTOA@HFOHTOA@/

Cbspotb tjb pravosoa`s, ia`traf h`d rbcufhtoa`s ag 8bsbrvb *h`m ag +`doh, lh`ms o` +`doh b!ibpt tjb Ythtb *h`m ag +`doh ar Y*+, ia`to`ubd ta lb aw`bd h`d apbrhtbd  ly provhtb pbrsa`s. *y tjb ?M0:s, tjb +`doh` lh`mo`c o`dustry jhd lbiaeb h` oeparth`t taaf ta ghiofothtb tjb dbvbfapeb`t ag tjb +`doh` bia`aey. /t tjb sheb toeb, ot jhd bebrcbd hs h fhrcb bepfaybr, h`d h dblhtb jhd b`subd hlaut tjb `htoa`hfo)htoa` ag tjb lh`mo`c o`dustry. +`dorh Lh`djo, tjb` roeb Eo`ostbr ag  +`doh, b!prbssbd tjb o`tb`toa` ag tjb Lavbr`eb`t ag +`doh o` tjb h``uhf ia`gbrb`ib ag tjb /ff +`doh Ia`crbss Ebbto`c o` h phpbr b`totfbd "Ytrhy tjaucjts a` *h`m   (htoa`hfoshtoa`.";@ %jb ebbto`c rbibovbd tjb phpbr wotj b`tjusohse. %jbrbhgtbr, jbr eavb whs swogt h`d suddb`. %jb Lavbr`eb`t ag +`doh ossubd h` ardo`h`ib J'*h`mo`c Iaeph`obs J/iquosotoa` h`d %rh`sgbr ag `dbrthmo`csO &rdo`h`ib, ?M0M'OO h`d `htoa`hfosbd tjb ?6 fhrcbst iaeebriohf lh`ms wotj bggbit grae tjb eod`ocjt ag ufy ?M, ?M0M. %jbsb lh`ms ia`tho`bd G5 pbrib`t ag lh`m  dbpasots o` tjb iau`try;@. hyhprhmhsj (hrhyh`, h `htoa`hf fbhdbr ag +`doh, dbsirolbd tjb stbp hs h "ehstbrstramb ag pafotoihf shchioty." $otjo` twa wbbms ag  tjb ossub ag tjb ardo`h`ib, tjb hrfoheb`t phssbd tjb *h`mo`c Iaeph`obs J/iquosotoa` h`d %rh`sgbr ag `dbrthmo`cO *off, h`d ot rbibovbd tjb prbsodb`tohf hppravhf a` M /ucust ?M0M. / sbia`d dasb ag `htoa`hfo)htoa` ag 0 earb iaeebriohf lh`ms gaffawbd o` ?MG:. %jb sthtbd rbhsa` gar tjb `htoa`hfo)htoa` whs ta covb tjb cavbr`eb`t earb ia`traf ag irbdot dbfovbry. $otj tjb sbia`d dasb ag `htoa`hfo)htoa`, tjb Lavbr`eb`t ag 

^hcb 48

+`doh ia`traffbd hrau`d M?A ag tjb lh`mo`c luso`bss ag +`doh.
+` tjb bhrfy ?MM:s, tjb tjb` (hrhsoejh 8ha cavbr`eb`t belhrmbd a` h pafoiy ag  folbrhfo)htoa`, foib`so`c h sehff `uelbr ag provhtb lh`ms. %jbsb iheb ta lb m`aw` hs (bw Lb`brhtoa` tbijshvvy lh`ms, h`d o`ifudbd Lfalhf %rust *h`m Jtjb gorst ag  suij `bw cb`brhtoa` lh`ms ta lb sbt upO, wjoij fhtbr hehfchehtbd wotj &rob`thf *h`m ag Iaeebrib, /!os *h`mJbhrfobr hs %+ *h`mO, +I+I+ *h`m h`d -CI *h`m. %jos eavb, hfa`c wotj tjb rhpod crawtj o` tjb bia`aey ag +`doh, rbvothfo)bd tjb lh`mo`c sbitar o` +`doh, wjoij jhs sbb` rhpod crawtj wotj stra`c ia`trolutoa` grae hff tjb tjrbb sbitars ag lh`ms, `hebfy, cavbr`eb`t lh`ms, provhtb lh`ms h`d garboc` lh`ms. %jb `b!t sthcb gar tjb +`doh` lh`mo`c jhs lbb` sbt up wotj tjb prapasbd rbfh!htoa` o` tjb `ares gar arboc` Corbit +`vbsteb`t, wjbrb hff arboc` +`vbstars o` lh`ms ehy lb covb` vato`c rocjts wjoij iaufd b!ibbd tjb prbsb`t ihp ag ?:A,ht prbsb`t ot jhs ca`b up ta 16A wotj saeb rbstroitoa`s.

^hcb 4<

IAE^H@_ ^\AGOFB

^hcb 49

IAE^H@_ ^\AGOFB

Cbutsijb *h`m os h fbhdo`c cfalhf o`vbsteb`t lh`m wotj h stra`c h`d pragothlfb provhtb ifob`ts grh`ijosb. / fbhdbr o` Lbreh`y h`d #urapb, tjb *h`m os ia`to`uausfy crawo`c o`  (artj /ebroih, /soh h`d mby bebrco`c ehrmbts. $otj earb tjh` 1G,::: bepfaybbs o` avbr 1: iau`trobs warfdwodb, Cbutsijb *h`m aggbrs u`phrhffbfbd go`h`iohf sbrvoibs tjraucjaut tjb warfd. %jb *h`m iaepbtbs ta lb tjb fbhdo`c cfalhf pravodbr ag go`h`iohf safutoa`s gar dbeh`do`c ifob`ts irbhto`c b!ibptoa`hf vhfub gar ots sjhrbjafdbrs h`d  pbapfb.

Cbutsijb *h`m o` +`doh os h guffy o`tbcrhtbd go`h`iohf sbrvoibs pravodbr ta +`doh` iarparhtb, o`stotutoa`hf h`d o`dovoduhf ifob`ts. &ur sbrvoibs o`ifudb a`sjarb o`vbsteb`t  lh`mo`c, o`stotutoa`hf bquotobs lramo`c, hssbt h`d provhtb wbhftj eh`hcbeb`t, rbthof  lh`mo`c h`d luso`bss praibssbs autsaurio`c.

&vbr tjb ybhrs, rbiac`otoa` ag aur pbrgareh`ib jhs iaeb o` tjb gare ag vhroaus hwhrds wjoij o`ifudb> 

*bst YulIustadoh` +`doh ;::M  %jb /ssbt



*bst *h`m o` +`doh ;::G  %jb /ssbt



*bst #quoty -ausb o` +`doh ;::G  %jb /ssbt



*bst Ihsj Eh`hcbeb`t Ypbiohfost ;::G  %jb /ssbt



*bst rovhtb *h`m o` +`doh ;::G  /sohea`by



o`h`iohf #!prbss /whrd gar Lrawtj ;::G ^ ;::1  o`h`iohf #!prbss

^hcb 44

^\ADRIT H@D B\WOIB

^hcb 42

WOOA@ 

$b hsporb ta lb tjb fbhdo`c ifob`tib`troi cfalhf u`ovbrshf lh`m 



$b sbrvb sjhrbjafdbrs lbst ly putto`c aur ifob`ts gorst h`d ly luofdo`c h cfalhf `btwarm ag lhfh`ibd luso`bssbs u`dbrpo``bd ly stra`c ihpothf h`d foquodoty.



$b vhfub aur Lbreh` raats h`d rbeho` dbdoihtbd ta aur cfalhf prbsb`ib.



$b iaeeot ta h iufturb tjht hfoc`s rosms h`d rbwhrds, httrhits h`d dbvbfaps thfb`tbd o`dovoduhfs, gastbrs tbhewarm h`d phrt`brsjop h`d os sb`sotovb ta tjb saiobty o` wjoij wb apbrhtb.

*\H@D Cbutsijb os ifbhr> wb hrb jbrb ta pbrgare D o` luso`bss h`d lbya`d. $b da tjos wotj h u`oqub eo! ag phssoa` h`d prbiosoa`. %jos ebhsurbd hpprahij covbs us tjb ia`godb`ib ta b`hlfb hcofb eo`ds ta faam lbya`d tjb alvoaus, cho`o`c hdvh`thcb gar bvbrya`b wb warm wotj.

Ytra`c lrh`ds bvamb stra`c beatoa`s. %adhy bvbrya`b faams gar pbrsa`hfoty o`  luso`bss, gar tjb sheb rbhsa`s tjby faam gar ot o` pbapfb. +t jbfps us dbiodb wja wb trust, wja wb hdeorb h`d wja wb4d fomb ta warm wotj.

&ur ifhoe jhs hfwhys lbb` euij earb tjh` h ehrmbto`c sfach` ar hdvbrtoso`c strhpfo`b. +t dbgo`bs aur httotudb h`d woff ia`to`ub ta da sa. +t ihrrobs h` o`ifusovb  prapasotoa`> pbrgareh`ib rbprbsb`ts hff tjht wb da gar aur ifob`ts, `at kust lattae fo`b rbsufts. Nosuhffy, wb shy ot wotj earb ia`voitoa`, wotj earb phssoa`, o` h `bw jh`dwrottb` styfb.

^hcb 47

AR\ ^B\A@HFOT_ ^hssoa`htb 

&ur phssoa` os tjb phssoa` ta pbrgare D hs a`b lh`m.



%jb trust pbapfb pfhib o` us os lhsbd a` aur phssoa` hs o`dovoduhfs D wb bhij ehmb h doggbrb`ib.



%jht4s wjy ta us ht Cbutsijb, Xhssoa` ta brgare4 os earb tjh` kust h ifhoe  D ot os tjb why wb da luso`bss.

^rb!osb 

/s h Lbreh` cfalhf lrh`d, h dbsorb gar hiiurhiy, tjaraucj`bss h`d quhfoty ru`s tjraucj aur arch`o)htoa`.



$b u`dbrsth`d ossubs o` dbptj. %jos os wjy wb mbbp tjo`cs soepfb h`d ifbhr.



%jb pursuot ag b!ibffb`ib os h iar`brsta`b ag wja wb hrb h`d u`dbrpo`s bvbrytjo`c wb da.



%jb u`oqub eo! ag phssoa` h`d prbiosoa` os lbjo`d Cbutsijb4s sthlofoty h`d  pbrgareh`ib.

Ia`'odb`t 

&ur ia`godb`ib os suppartbd ly aur ebrotairhtoi trhdotoa` h`d iufturb.



&ur ia`godb`ib ehmbs us h rbfohlfb phrt`br gar pbapfb wotj helotoaus cahfs  D o` luso`bss h`d lbya`d.



*hsbd a` aur fbhdbrsjop h`d lbfobgs, wb luofd saiohf ihpothf.

^hcb 43

/cofbeo`dbd 

/t Cbutsijb, hcofb eo`ds hrb ht tjb jbhrt ag hff pbrgareh`ib. $b hrb apb` eo`dbd h`d belrhib ijh`cb o` h cfalhfosbd warfd.



/s wb ia`sth`tfy ijhffb`cb tjb sthtus qua, wb vhfub tjb doggbrb`ibs tjht ehmb h doggbrb`ib.



$b rbiac`o)b o``avhtoa`4s saiohf vhfub ta cho` hdvh`thcb gar bvbrya`b wb warm wotj.

*H@6? ^\AEOB $jht aur sthmbjafdbrs ih` b!pbit grae aur lrh`d>

B+!b%%b`!b

+` odbh aroco`htoa` h`d b!biutoa`, o` hdvoib, praduit h`d sbrvoib, dbfovbro`c a`b  lh`m wotj hff ots rbsauribs h`d ihphlofotobs

\b%bvh`t !%ob`t sa%)toa`s

`dbrsth`do`c dovbrsb ifob`t `bbds, hddo`c vhfub, luofdo`c trust h`d iaeeoteb`ts tjht b`durb

8bspa`solofoty /ito`c tadhy, tjo`mo`c hlaut taearraw, dbea`strhto`c trh`sphrb`iy h`d fbhdbrsjop

^hcb 4:

HSH\D

o`h`iohf (bws D /whrds gar #!ibffb`ib o` %rhdo`c ^ %bij`afacy o`h`iohf (bws jhs hwhrdbd Cbutsijb *h`m "*bst Yo`cfb Cbhfbr \ fhtgare" o` ots /whrds gar #!ibffb`ib o` %rhdo`c ^ %bij`afacy, ibfblrhto`c tjb *h`m4s hijobvbeb`t ag  warmo`c hirass tjb spbitrue o` hftbr`htovb trhdo`c pfhtgares. %jb o`h`iohf (bws /whrds gar #!ibffb`ib o` %rhdo`c ^ %bij`afacy ja`aur tjb east o``avhtovb h`d vosoa`hry  pfhybrs o` tjb #urapbh` trhdo`c h`d tbij`afacy o`dustry. /` o`dbpb`db`t ph`bf ag 5:  kudcbs dbtbreo`b tjb hwhrds.

%jb \ trhdo`c pfhtgare os hiibssolfb tjraucj Cbutsijb *h`m4s /utalhj` /pp Ehrmbt. %jb pfhtgare os tjb gorst X/pplhsbd4 bfbitra`oi ifob`t aggbro`c o` tjb go`h`iohf sbrvoibs o`dustry. +t hits hs h ib`trhf hiibss pao`t ta tjb lh`m4s guff suotb ag bfbitra`oi sbrvoibs hs wbff hs rbsbhrij, rbhftoeb ehrmbt iaeeb`thry, ijhrto`c hppfoihtoa`s, h`hfytois h`d ehrmbt dhth.

Cbutsijb *h`m wa` so! hiiafhdbs ht prbstocoaus h``uhf hwhrds> 

*bst Iarparhtb *h`m o` tjb ehch)o`b4s fost ag %jb $arfd4s *bst *h`ms ;:?;



*bst arboc` #!ijh`cb *h`m 



$arfd4s fhrcbst lh`m ly hssbts



*bst +`tbrbst 8htb Cbrovhtovbs ravodbr, #urapb



*bst Irbdot Cbrovhtovbs ravodbr, #urapb



*bst \ Cbrovhtovbs ravodbr, #urapb

^hcb 4?

A*4BITOWB AG T;B TRD_

^hcb 2>

A*4BITOWB AG T;B TRD_ 

%a h`hfy)b tjb bggbit ag rbwhrd systbe a` eatovhtoa`hf fbvbf ag bepfaybbs ht Cbutsijb *h`m.



%a h`hfy)b tjb bggbitovbs ag rbwhrd systbe o` tjb lh`m.



%a m`aw tjb ghitars o`gfub`io`c tjb eatovhtoa`hf fbvbf ag bepfaybbs.



%a m`aw tjb eatovhtoa`hf tbij`oqub usbd ly Cbutsijb *h`m.



%a succbst `bw tbij`oqubs ta eatovhtb tjb bepfaybbs ta b`jh`ib tjbor  bggoiob`iy h`d praduitovoty wotjo` tjb systbe.

^hcb 28

\BBH\I; EBT;ADAFAC_

^hcb 2<

\BBH\I; EBT;ADAFAC_ EBH@O@C AG \BBH\I;

28bsbhrij7 o`ifudbs h`y chtjbro`c ag dhth, o`garehtoa` h`d ghits gar tjb hdvh`ibeb`t ag m`awfbdcb. 8bsbhrij eust lb systbehtoi h`d gaffaw h sbrobs ag  stbps h`d h rocod sth`dhrd prataiaf. %jbsb rufbs hrb lrahdfy soeofhr lut ehy vhry sfocjtfy lbtwbb` tjb doggbrb`t gobfds ag siob`ib.

EBH@O@C AG \BBH\I; EBT;ADAFAC_

%jb ward rbsbhrij ebtjadafacy iaebs grae tjb ward 2hdvh`ib fbhr`brs doitoa`hry7 ebh`o`c ag rbsbhrij hs h ihrbguf o`vbstochtoa` ar o`quory spbiohffy tjraucj sbhrij gar `bw ghits o` h`y lrh`ij ag m`awfbdcb gar b!hepfb saeb hutjars jhvb dbgo`bd rbsbhrij ebtjadafacy hs systbehto)bd bggart ta cho` `bw m`awfbdcb. 8bsbhrij Ebtjadafacy ih` ia`sodbr rbsbhrij hs eavbeb`t, h eavbeb`t grae tjb m`aw` ta tjb u`m`aw`. %jb tbre 8bsbhrij ebtjadafacy os h` hihdbeoi hitovoty h`d hs suij tjb tbre sjaufd lb usbd o` tbij`oihf sb`sb. /iiardo`c ta Ifoggard $aady rbsbhrij iaeprosbs dbgo`o`c h`d rbdbgo`o`c pralfbes, gareufhto`c jypatjbsos ar succbstbd safutoa`s, iaffbito`c, arch`o)o`c h`d bvhfuhto`c dhth, ehmo`c dbduitoa` h`d rbhijo`c ia`ifusoa`s h`d tjb` tbsto`c ag tjb ia`ifusoa` ta dbtbreo`b wjbtjbr tjby got tjb o` tjb gareufhto`c jypatjbsos.

/`hfysos ag phst dhth h jbfps tjb eh`hcbeb`t ag tjb iaeph`y ta pfh` ots guturb  pafoibs hiiardo`c ta tjb b!tbr`hf b`vora`eb`t. *hsbd a` tjos, study jhs lbb` thmb` up go`h`iohf h`hfysos ag tjb iaeph`y. /`y sau`d rbsbhrij eust jhvb h prapbr  dbsoc` ta hijobvb tjb rbquorbd rbsuft, tjos study od ia`struitbd a` tjb lhsos ag  dbsiroptovb dbsoc`.

^hcb 29

T_^B AG \BBH\I; Dbs!ro$tovb / Cbsiroptovb 8bsbhrij o`ifudbs survby h`d ghit go`do`c b`quorobs ag

doggbrb`t mo`ds.

%jb study ia`duitbd os h ia`ifusovb dbsiroptovb sthtostoihf study. Ia`ifusovb  lbihusb hgtbr ia`duito`c tjb study tjb rbsbhrijbr iaebs ta h dbiosoa` wjoij os  prbiosb h`d rhtoa`hf.

\BBH\I; DBOC@

/ rbsbhrij dbsoc` os tjb hrrh`cbeb`t ag ia`dotoa`s gar iaffbitoa` h`d h`hfysos ag  dhth o` h eh``br tjht hoes ta iaelo`b rbfbvh`ib ta tjb rbsbhrij purpasb wotj bia`aey o` praibdurb.+` ghit tjb rbsbhrij dbsoc` os h ia`ibptuhf struiturb wotjo` wjoij tjb rbsbhrij os ia`duitbd +t ia`stotutb tjb lfub pro`t gar tjb iaffbitoa`, ebhsurbeb`t h`d h`hfysos ag dhth. Cbiosoa`s rbchrdo`c wjht, wjb`, wjbrb, jaw euij, ly wjht ebh`s ia`ibr`o`c h` o`quory ar rbsbhrij study ia`stotutb h rbsbhrij dbsoc`. 8bsbhrij dbsoc` os `bbdbd lbihusb ot ghiofothtbs tjb seaatj shofo`c ag tjb vhroaus rbsbhrij apbrhtoa`s tjbrbly ehmo`c rbsbhrij hs bggoiob`t hs passolfb yobfdo`c eh!oehf o`garehtoa` wotj eo`oehf b!pb`doturb ag bggart, toeb h`d ea`by.

T_^B : AR\IB AG DHTH ^\OEH\_ DHTH AR\IB 

%jraucj o`tbrhitoa` wotj rbspa`db`ts.

BIA@DH\_ DHTH AR\IB/ 

%jraucj o`tbr`bt, vhroaus aggoiohf sotb ag tjb Iaeph`y.



%jraucj phepjfbts h`d lraijurbs ag tjb Iaeph`y.



aur`hfs ^ Ehch)o`b ^hcb 24

+` tjos study latj roehry h`d Ybia`dhry Chth jhs lbb` usbd. HE^FB DBOC@

%jos prakbit os spbiohf o` `hturb h`d tjbrbgarb ebtjad usbd gar shepfb tbij`oqub o` ia`vb`ob`t shepfo`c ebtjad. %jb ebtjad usbd gar shepfb tbij`oqub whs ia`vb`ob`ib shepfo`c ebtjad. %jos ebtjad whs usbd lbihusb ot whs `at m`aw  prbvoausfy hs ta wjbtjbr h phrtoiufhr pbrsa` woff lb hsmbd ta goff tjb qubstoa``horb. Ia`vb`ob`t shepfo`c os usbd lbihusb a`fy tjasb pbapfb wbrb hsmbd ta goff tjb qubstoa``horbs wja wbrb bhsofy hiibssolfb h`d hvhofhlfb ta tjb rbsbhrijbr.

HE^FB ONB

?:: rbspa`db`ts TAAF AG H@HF_O

+ jhvb usbd Ytruiturbd Hubstoa``horb Ebtjad. Yaeb ag tjb sagtwhrb4s usbd gar  ehmo`c tjos prakbit woff lb Es $ard h`d Es #!ibf.

FOEOTHTOA@

?. %jb rbspa`db`ts wbrb foeotbd h`d ih``at lb trbhtbd hs tjb wjafb papufhtoa`. ;. %jb rbspa`db`ts ehy lb lohsbd. =. %jb hiiurhiy ag o`doihtoa`s covb` ly tjb rbspa`db`ts ehy `at lb ia`sodbr  hdbquhtb 6. +`spotb ag prbihutoa`s thmb` tjbrb hrb ibrtho` praibdurhf h`d tbij`oihf foeothtoa`s. 5.
^hcb 22

DHTH H@HF_O : O@TB\^\BTHTOA@

^hcb 27

DHTH H@HF_O : O@TB\^\BTHTOA@ H?.

Yo`ib jaw eh`y ybhrs yau jhvb lbb` warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m9

&ptoa`s :5 3bhrs 5?: 3bhrs ?:?5 3bhrs Earb tjh` ?5 3bhrs

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ; M ?5 ;6

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts 6 ?G =: 6G

+`tbrprbthtoa`> ?GA rbspa`db`ts wja hrb warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m jhvb 5?: ybhrs b!pbrob`ib , =:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts jhvb lbb` warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m grae ?:?5 ybhrs, 6GA ag tjb rbspa`db`t bepfaybbs hrb warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m gar earb tjh` ?5 ybhrs.

^hcb 23

H;.

8htb yaur fbvbf ag shtosghitoa` wotj tjb warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`9

&ptoa`s

(a.

-ocjfy Yhtosgobd Yhtosgobd /vbrhcb Cosshtosgobd -ocjfy Cosshtosgobd

8bspa`db`ts ; ;5 ?1 6 ;

ag brib`thcb  

ag 

8bspa`db`ts 6 5: =6 G 6

+`tbrprbthtoa`> 5:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`, &`fy 6A ag tjb rbspa`db`t bepfaybbs hrb jocjfy shtosgobd, =6A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb `botjbr shtosgobd `ar dosshtosgobd wotj tjb warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. %jos sjaws avbrhff bepfaybbs hrb shtosgobd wotj warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. H=.

8htb tjb sthtbeb`t 2%ap Eh`hcbeb`t os o`tbrbstbd o` eatovhto`c tjb

bepfaybbs79 ^hcb 2:

&ptoa`s Ytra`cfy /crbb /crbb  (butrhf Coshcrbb Ytra`c Coshcrbb

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ?G ?6 ?= ; =

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts =0 ;G ;0 6 0

+`tbrprbthtoa`> Earb tjh` 0:A ag tjb rbspa`db`t bepfaybbs wbrb hcrbbd wotj tjb sthtbeb`t wjoij sjaws tjht %ap Eh`hcbeb`t os o`tbrbstbd o` eatovhto`c tjb bepfaybbs.

^hcb 2?

H6.

$joij typb ag rbwhrds eatovhtbs yau earb 9

&ptoa`s /whrds ^ 8biac`otoa` raeatoa` /pprbiohtoa` fbttbrs

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ;5 :5 ;:

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts 5: ?: 6:

+`tbrprbthtoa`> 5:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht hwhrds h`d rbiac`otoa` eatovhtbs tjbe earb h`d a`fy ?:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb eatovhtbd ly praeatoa`s. +ra`oihffy 6:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts ghvaurbd hpprbiohtoa` fbttbrs gar o`irbhso`c tjbor eatovhtoa` fbvbf.

^hcb 7>

H5.

-aw ghr yau hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb rbwhrd systbe ag tjb &rch`o)htoa`9

&ptoa`s -ocjfy Yhtosgobd Yhtosgobd Cosshtosgobd -ocjfy Cosshtosgobd

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ?0 =: : 6

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts =; 0: : G

+`tbrprbthtoa`> East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb rbwhrd systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. &`fy =;A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb o`ib`tovbs pravodbd ly arch`o)htoa`.

^hcb 78

H0.

fbhsb pravodb tjb gaffawo`c rhtbs 9

o.

(a` Ea`bthry 8bwhrds systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa` gar eatovhto`c

bepfaybbs os caad &ptoa`s Ytra`cfy /crbb /crbb  (butrhf Coshcrbb Ytra`cfy Coshcrbb

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ?G =: : ; :

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts =0 0: : 6 :

+`tbrprbthtoa`> East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb `a` ea`bthry rbwhrd systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa` o` eatovhto`c bepfaybbs.

^hcb 7<

oo.

Ea`bthry 8bwhrd Yystbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa` gar eatovhto`c bepfaybbs os caad.

&ptoa`s Ytra`cfy /crbb /crbb  (butrhf Coshcrbb Ytra`cfy Coshcrbb

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts =0 ?: 6 : :

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts 1; ;: G : :

+`tbrprbthtoa`> East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts wbrb shtosgobd wotj tjb ea`bthry rbwhrd systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa` o` eatovhto`c bepfaybbs.

^hcb 79

ooo.

#ggbitovb praeatoa`hf appartu`otobs o` tjb Cbutsijb *h`m 

&ptoa`s Ytra`cfy /crbb /crbb  (butrhf Coshcrbb Ytra`cfy Coshcrbb

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts 6 ;5 6 ?= 6

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts G 5: G ;0 G

+`tbrprbthtoa`> Earb tjh` 5:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht Cbutsijb *h`m jhs bggbitovb  praeatoa`hf appartu`otobs.

^hcb 74

ov. ov.

&rch &rch`o `o)h )hto toa` a` rbia rbiac` c`o) o)bb h`d h`d him him`a `awf wfbd bdcb cb yaur yaur warm warm..

&ptoa`s Ytra`cfy /crbb /crbb  (butrhf Coshcrbb Ytra`cfy Coshcrbb

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts G ;: ?6 = 5

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts ?0 6: ;G 0 ?:

+`tbrprbthtoa`> East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht arch`o)htoa` 8biac`o)b h`d him`awfbdcb tjbor  warm.

^hcb 72

v.

&rch &rch`o `o)h )hto toa` a`hf hf af afoi oiob obss eato eatovh vhtb tbss gar gar hijo hijobv bvo` o`c c ots ots hoes hoes h`d h`d alkb alkbit itov ovbs bs

&ptoa`s Ytra`cfy /crbb /crbb  (butrhf Coshcrbb Ytra`cfy Coshcrbb

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ?? ;5 ?; ; :

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts ;; 5: ;6 6 :

+`tbrprbthtoa`> East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht &rch`o)htoa`hf pafoiobs eatovhtbs gar hijobvo`c ots hoes h`d alkbitovbs.

^hcb 77

H1.

$joij $joij ag ag tjb tjb gaffa gaffawo` wo`c c ghita ghitars rs wjoi wjoij j eatov eatovhtb htbss yau yau east east 9

&ptoa`s Yhfhry +`irbhsb raeatoa`
(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ?G ?: 6 0 ?;

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts =0 ;: G ?; ;6

+`tbrprbthtoa`> =0A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht tjby wbrb eatovhtbd ly o`irbhsb o` shfhry, shfhry, ;:A ag  tjb rbspa` rbspa`db` db`ts ts wbrb wbrb eatovh eatovhtbd tbd ly praeat praeatoa` oa`,, GA ag tjb rbspa rbspa`db `db`ts `ts wbrb wbrb eatovhtbd ly fbhvb, ?;A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts ag tjb rbspa`db`ts wbrb eatovhtbd ly eatovhtoa`hf thfms h`d ;6A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht tjby wbrb eatovhtbd ly rbiac`otoa` ag tjbor bggart. HG. HG.

Ca yau tjo` tjo`m m tjht tjht rbwhr rbwhrd d h`d h`d rbia rbiac` c`ot otoa oa` ` sijb sijbeb ebss woff woff o`gfu o`gfub` b`ib ib yaur  yaur 

 pbrgareh`ib9 &ptoa`s

(a. ag 8bspa`db`ts ^hcb 73

brib`thcb ag 8bspa`db`ts

+`gfub`ib Cabs `at o`gfub`ib  (a &po`oa`

=0 6 ?:

1; G ;:

+`tbrprbthtoa`> East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht rbwhrds h`d rbiac`otoa` systbe woff o`gfub`ib tjbor pbrgareh`ib.

^hcb 7:

A*B\WHTOA@ : GO@DO@C

^hcb 7?

A*B\WHTOA@ : GO@DO@C 

?GA rbspa`db`ts wja hrb warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m jhvb

5?: ybhrs

b!pbrob`ib , =:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts jhvb lbb` warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m  grae ?:?5 ybhrs, 6GA ag tjb rbspa`db`t bepfaybbs hrb warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m gar earb tjh` ?5 ybhrs. 

5:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`, &`fy 6A ag tjb rbspa`db`t bepfaybbs hrb jocjfy shtosgobd, =6A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb `botjbr shtosgobd `ar dosshtosgobd wotj tjb warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. %jos sjaws avbrhff bepfaybbs hrb shtosgobd wotj warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`.



Earb tjh` 0:A ag tjb rbspa`db`t bepfaybbs wbrb hcrbbd wotj tjb sthtbeb`t wjoij sjaws tjht %ap Eh`hcbeb`t os o`tbrbstbd o` eatovhto`c tjb bepfaybbs.



5:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht hwhrds h`d rbiac`otoa` eatovhtbs tjbe earb h`d a`fy ?:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb eatovhtbd ly praeatoa`s. +ra`oihffy 6:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts ghvaurbd hpprbiohtoa` fbttbrs gar o`irbhso`c tjbor eatovhtoa` fbvbf.



East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb rbwhrd systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. &`fy =;A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb o`ib`tovbs  pravodbd ly arch`o)htoa`.



East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb `a` ea`bthry rbwhrd systbe ag  tjb arch`o)htoa` o` eatovhto`c bepfaybbs.



East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts wbrb shtosgobd wotj tjb ea`bthry rbwhrd systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa` o` eatovhto`c bepfaybbs.



Earb tjh` 5:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht Cbutsijb *h`m jhs bggbitovb  praeatoa`hf appartu`otobs.



East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht arch`o)htoa` 8biac`o)b h`d him`awfbdcb tjbor warm. ^hcb 3>



East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht &rch`o)htoa`hf pafoiobs eatovhtbs gar  hijobvo`c ots hoes h`d alkbitovbs.



=0A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht tjby wbrb eatovhtbd ly o`irbhsb o` shfhry, ;:A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts wbrb eatovhtbd ly praeatoa`, GA ag tjb rbspa`db`ts wbrb eatovhtbd ly fbhvb, ?;A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts ag tjb rbspa`db`ts wbrb eatovhtbd ly eatovhtoa`hf thfms h`d ;6A ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht tjby wbrb eatovhtbd ly rbiac`otoa` ag tjbor bggart.



East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht rbwhrd h`d rbiac`otoa` systbe woff o`gfub`ib tjbor pbrgareh`ib.

^hcb 38

IA@IFROA@ : RCCBTOA@

^hcb 3<

IA@IFROA@ %apoi ag tjb prakbit os bggbitovb`bss ag rbwhrds systbe a` eatovhtoa`hf fbvbf. ar  tjos h survby ag 5: bepfaybbs whs ia`duitbd uso`c h ifasbd b`dbd qubstoa``horb.

+t whs gau`d tjht ea`bthry h`d `a` ea`bthry rbwhrd systbe ag tjb lh`m os bggbitovb o` eatovhto`c bepfaybbs. +t whs hfsa gau`d tjht #epfaybbs eatovhtoa` fbvbf os jocj o` Cbutsijb *h`m.

+t whs hfsa gau`d tjht arch`o)htoa` rbiac`o)b h`d him`awfbdcb tjbor warm. +`ib`tovbs h`d rbwhrds. East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb rbwhrd systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa`. East ag tjb rbspa`db`ts shy tjht o`ib`tovbs h`d rbwhrd systbe woff o`gfub`ib tjbor pbrgareh`ib. &rch`o)htoa`hf pafoiobs eatovhtbs gar  hijobvo`c ots hoes h`d alkbitovbs.

^hcb 39

RCCBTOA@ 



rapbr 8biac`otoa` h`d httb`toa` eust lb covb` ta tjb bepfaybbs.  (a` Ea`bthry h`d ea`bthry rbwhrds eust lb covb` ta tjb bepfaybbs gar  eatovhto`c tjbe.



Laad $armo`c #`vora`eb`t eust lb irbhtbd ta eatovhtb bepfaybbs.



#epfaybb hrtoiophtoa` o` eh`hcbeb`t dbiosoa` os hfsa tjb east oeparth`t ghitar gar bepfaybb eatovhtoa` jb`ib ot eust lb ia`sodbrbd.



Ypbiohf pracrheebs eust lb ia`duitbd ta eatovhtb #epfaybbs.



brgareh`ib lb`bgots eust lb covb` ta tjb bepfaybbs.

^hcb 34

*O*FOAC\H^;_

^hcb 32

\BGB\B@IB *aa
Ehearoh, I.*.J?MMMO> Xbrsa`hf Eh`hcbeb`t4 -oehfhyh ulfoihtoa`, (bw Cbfjo.



Cowbdo, 8.Y. J?MM1O> X Eh`hco`c -ueh` 8bsaurib4 Lhfcatoh ulfosjo`c


Fatjhro, I.8. J;:::O> X 8bsbhrij Ebtjadafacy4 Nosjwh rhmhsjh`, (bw Cbfjo.



Ihsoa, $hy`b . J?MM5O Eh`hco`c -ueh` 8bsauribs , =rd #dotoa`, %hth Eicrhw -off, (bw Cbfjo.



Yho`y -.I. h`d

Fuehr Yjhrhd, -ueh` 8bsauribs Eh`hcbeb`t h`d

Cbvbfapeb`t, Huhfoty ulfosjo`c Iaeph`y. 

8allo`s Ytbpjb` . J?MG1O %jb Eh`hcbeb`t ag -ueh` 8bsaurib, 6 tj  %hth Eicrhw -off, (bw Cbfjo.



/swhtjhph F. J?MM1O -ueh` 8bsaurib h`d brsa``bf Eh`hcbeb`t, %hth Eicrhw -off, (bw Cbfjo.

Sb>sotbs 

www.dl.iae

^hcb 37



H@@BR\B

^hcb 33

H#Y%+&((/+8#

@heb  Hddrbss

Ia`thit @a. Dbphrteb`t

Hcb ; Ybx ; E / G

Dbsoc`htoa`

H?. h. i.

Yo`ib jaw eh`y ybhrs yau jhvb lbb` warmo`c o` Cbutsijb *h`m9 :5 3bhrs l. 5?: 3bhrs ?:?5 3bhrs d. Earb tjh` ?5 3bhrs

H;. h. i. b.

8htb yaur fbvbf ag shtosghitoa` wotj tjb warmo`c iufturb ag tjb arch`o)htoa`9 -ocjfy Yhtosgobd l. Yhtosgobd /vbrhcb d. Cosshtosgobd -ocjfy Cosshtosgobd

H=. h. i. b.

8htb tjb sthtbeb`t 2%ap Eh`hcbeb`t os o`tbrbstbd o` eatovhto`c tjb bepfaybbs79 Ytra`cfy /crbb l. /crbb (butrhf d. Coshcrbb Ytra`c Coshcrbb

H6. h. i.

$joij typb ag rbwhrds eatovhtbs yau earb 9 /whrds ^ 8biac`otoa` l. raeatoa` /pprbiohtoa` fbttbrs

H5. h. i.

-aw ghr yau hrb shtosgobd wotj tjb rbwhrd systbe ag tjb &rch`o)htoa`9 -ocjfy Yhtosgobd l. Yhtosgobd Cosshtosgobd d. -ocjfy Cosshtosgobd

H0. o.

fbhsb pravodb tjb gaffawo`c rhtbs 9 (a` Ea`bthry 8bwhrds systbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa` gar eatovhto`c bepfaybbs os caad Ytra`cfy /crbb l. /crbb (butrhf d. Coshcrbb Ytra`c Coshcrbb Ea`bthry 8bwhrd Yystbe ag tjb arch`o)htoa` gar eatovhto`c bepfaybbs os caad. Ytra`cfy /crbb l. /crbb (butrhf d. Coshcrbb Ytra`c Coshcrbb

h. i. b. oo. h. i. b.

^hcb 3: