VALLIAMMAI VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING E NGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – Kattankulathur – 603 603 203
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
VIII SEMESTER EC6018 - MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION Regulation – 2013 2013 Academic Year 2016 – 17 17
Prepared by Dr. S. Ramesh, Associate Professor/ECE Dr. N. Usha Bhanu, Associate Professor/ECE Mr. D. Murugesan, Assistant Professor (Sr.G)/ECE
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK SUBJECT
: EC6018 - MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION
SEM / YEAR: VIII / IV UNIT I - MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS Introduction - Multimedia skills - Multimedia components and their characteristics - Text, sound, images, graphics, animation, video, hardware. PART – A Q.No
Questions
BT Level
Competence
1.
What are the multimedia components?
BTL 1
Remembering
2.
Define multimedia.
BTL 1
Remembering
3.
Write the skill set requirements of multimedia designer and multimedia programmer.
BTL 1
Remembering
4.
Identify communication multimedia.
BTL 1
Remembering
5.
Describe the applications of multimedia.
BTL 1
Remembering
6.
List the types of text that are used to produce pages of documents.
BTL 1
Remembering
7.
Distinguish unformatted text and formatted text
BTL 2
Understanding
8.
Summarize about three types of text that are used to produce pages of documents.
BTL 2
Understanding
9.
Interpret the pixel depth and aspect ratio.
BTL 2
Understanding
10.
Discuss raster scan principle.
BTL 2
Understanding
11.
Illustrate digitized documents.
BTL 3
Applying
12.
Show how the quantization interval influences the accuracy of the sampling process of an analog signal.
BTL 3
Applying
13.
Demonstrate the meaning of composite video signal.
BTL 3
Applying
14.
Infer the three main properties of a color source that the eye makes use of. Classify the digitization formats.
BTL 4
Analysing
BTL 4
Analysing
15.
networks
available
for
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Differentiate between a bitonal image and a continuous-tone image. Discriminate the additive color mixing and subtractive color mixing. Assess the main features of the MIDI standard and its associated messages. Invent the color difference signal associated with the NTPC and PAL systems. Formulate the resolution of luminance and chrominance signals for 525 and 625 line systems. PART - B
BTL 4
Analysing
BTL 5
Evaluating
BTL 5
Evaluating
BTL 6
Creating
BTL 6
Creating
( i) What are the media types? (4) (ii) Describe the form of representation of media types that is used when all are integrated together and give your reason. (12) (i) List the basic types of communication network that are used to provide multimedia communication services. (4) (ii) Explain why most data networks operate in a packet mode. Hence explain why services involving audio and video are supported. (12) (i) Identify the aim of all broadcast television networks. (3) (ii) Write short notes on integrated services digital network and broadband multiservice networks. (13) (i) Outline the interpersonal communications that may involve speech, image, text, or video for multimedia applications. (13) (ii) Name the three main categories of multimedia applications. (3) (i) Discuss the interactive applications over the internet and entertainment applications of multimedia. (10) (ii) Distinguish the cont inuous media and bloc k-mode media. (6) (i) Describe the di git iza t ion pr incip les. (10) (ii) Summarize the meaning of codeword, analog signal, signal encoder and signal decoder. (6) (i) Express the meaning of unformatted text and formatted text. (8) (ii) Interpret about the pages/documents, hypertext, and hyperlinks. (8) (i) Illustrate the meaning of visual object, freeform object, clip-art, and 3-D objects relating to graphical images. (8) (ii) Show the digitization format for digitized documents through an example. (8) (i) Demonstrate with the aid of diagrams whereever appropriate; explain the color gamut, additive color mixing, and subtractive color mixing. Give an
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 3
Applying
BTL 3
Applying
application of both color mixing methods. (8) (ii) Discover the raster scan operation associated with TV/computer monitors. (8) 10. (i) Compare the display resolutions and memory BTL 4 Analyzing requirements for VGA, XGA & SVGA standard. (6) (ii) Analyzing with the aid of a diagram, how a color image is captured within a camera or scanner. (10) 11. (i) Differentiate between 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 formats. (6) BTL 4 Analyzing (ii) Outline and hence classify the CD-quality audio and synthesized audio. (10) 12. (i) Illustrate the principle of operation of a PCM speech BTL 4 Analyzing codec. Include in your diagram the operation of the compressor in the encoder and the expander in the decoder. (13) (ii) Pointout the PC video digitization formats. (3) 13. (i) Evaluating with the aid of diagram, the principles of BTL 5 Evaluating interlaced of scanning as used in most TV broadcast applications. Include in your explanation the meaning of the terms filed, odd and even scan lines. Show the number of scan lines per field with for a 525 and 625 line system. (12) (ii) Assess the luminance, chrominance, and color difference and how the magnitude of each primary color present in the source is derived from these. (4) 14. (i) Interpret the following digitization formats: 4:2:2, BTL 6 Creating 4:2:0, SIF, CIF, QCIF, and S-QCIF. (12) (ii) Develop the video content for particular application. (4) UNIT II - AUDIO AND VIDEO COMPRESSION Audio compression – DPCM-Adaptive PCM – adaptive predictive coding-linear Predictive coding-code excited LPC-perpetual coding Video compression – principles-H.261-H.263MPEG 1, 2, and 4. PART - A Q.No
Questions
BT Level
Competence
1.
What is the need for compression?
BTL 1
Remembering
2.
Define pitch, period and loudness.
BTL 1
Remembering
3.
List the audio compression techniques.
BTL 1
Remembering
4.
How the performance of a basic DPCM scheme can be improved by utilizing a more accurate version of the previous signal?
BTL 1
Remembering
5.
Identify the frame types in video compression.
BTL 1
Remembering
6.
Describe adaptive differential pulse code modulation.
BTL 1
Remembering
7.
Distinguish between LPC and CELPC.
BTL 2
Understanding
8.
Summarize the CELP based standards.
BTL 2
Understanding
9.
Interpret the frequency and temporal masking.
BTL 2
Understanding
10.
Discuss the Dolby AC-1, AC-2 and AC-3 standards.
BTL 2
Understanding
11.
Illustrate the I, P and B-frames.
BTL 3
Applying
12.
Discover the ro le of forma tter.
BTL 3
Applying
13.
Demonstrate the H.261 encoding formats.
BTL 3
Applying
14.
Infer the ways of errors detected in H.263 video compression standard.
BTL 4
Analyzing
15.
Classify the MPEG standards.
BTL 4
Analyzing
16.
Differentiate MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards.
BTL 4
Analyzing
17.
Discriminate MPEG audio and Dolby audio coders.
BTL 5
Evaluating
18.
Assess MPEG-4 decoder schematic.
BTL 5
Evaluating
19.
Develop B-frame compression.
video
BTL 6
Creating
20.
Conclude how reversible variable length codewords reduce the effects of transmission errors.
BTL 6
Creating
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
encoding
procedure
in
PART - B
1.
2.
3.
4.
( i) What is differential pulse code modulation? (3) (ii) Describe with the aid of a schematic diagram, the operation of a basic DPCM signal encoder and decoder. Include in your explanation the source of errors that can arise. (13) (i) How better sound quality for the same bit rate can be obtained using a subband coding ADPCM. Give examples of the bit rates used for the lower and higher subbands and state an application of this type of codec. (6) (ii) Define adaptive PCM and explain ADPCM subband encoder & decoder with neat schematic. (10) (i) Describe the third order predictive DPCM signal encoder and decoder schematic. (10) (ii) Write short notes on adaptive predictive coding. (6) (i) Identify the perception parameters and associated vocal tract excitation parameters that are used. (8) (ii) List the terms relating to speech coders and explain
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
the meaning. (8) (i) Discuss the code excited linear predictive coding. (8) (ii) Distinguish between LPC and CELP codec. Include in your explanation the meaning of waveform template and template codebook. (8) (i) Describe the LPC encoder and decoder with schematic diagram. (10) (ii) Summarize the principles on which perceptual coders are based and how they differ from an LPC and CELP coder. (6) (i) Describe the sensitivity of ear and frequency masking. (10) (ii) Interpret about the temporal masking with the support of a graph. (6) (i) Illustrate a brief outline about the MPEG perceptual encoder and decoder. (12) (ii) Show the three levels of processing used and an applications and typical bit rate of each in MPEG perceptual coder. (4) (i) Demonstrate the Dolby AC-1, Dolby AC-2, and Dolby AC-3. (12) (ii) Discover the difference between the forward adaptive bit allocation mode as used with an MPEG perceptual coder and the fixed bit allocation mode as used with a Dolby AC-1 coder. (4) (i) Compare the H.261 & H.263 video compression standards. (4) (ii) Analyzing the H.261 video encoder and infer the relation to the macroblock and frame formats. (12) (i) Differentiate video encoding procedure used with motion vector and prediction vector. (4) (ii) Explain the compressed frames of I-frames, Pframes, B-frames and the reasons for their use. (12) (i) Classify motion picture expert group standards. (3) (ii) Pointout H.263 error tracking scheme, independent segment decoding and reference picture selection with independent of segment decoding. (13) (i) Evaluating the MPEG-1 frame sequence and video bit stream structure. (8) (ii) Assess the MPEG-2 DCT blocks are derived from each macroblock in an I-frame in the field mode and in the frame mode. State an application for each mode. (8) (i) Develop the content based video coding and MPEG-4 coding. (12) (ii) Invent the compression algorithm used with MPEG-1 differs from that used in the H.261 standard. (4)
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 3
Applying
BTL 3
Applying
BTL 4
Analyzing
BTL 4
Analyzing
BTL 4
Analyzing
BTL 5
Evaluating
BTL 6
Creating
UNIT III - TEXT AND IMAGE COMPRESSION Compression principles-source encoders and destination encoders-lossless and lossy compression-entropy encoding – source encoding -text compression – static Huffman coding dynamic coding – arithmetic coding – Lempel ziv-welsh Compression-image compression PART – A Q.No
Questions
BT Level
Competence
1. 2.
Define the term Compression ratio What is meant by temporal redundancy
BT1 BT1
Remembering Remembering
3.
List out the methods in source encoding.
BT1
Remembering
4.
BT1
Remembering
BT1
Remembering
6.
Define entropy. How entropy is related for the performance measure of statistical encoding? What are the main objectives of lossless and lossy compression techniques? Give the principle of differential encoding.
BT1
Remembering
7.
Summarize the significance and applications of GIF and
BT2
Understanding
5.
TIFF image file formats. 8.
Outline the basic principle of Statistical encoding.
BT2
Understanding
9.
State the principle of Progressive transmission.
BT2
Understanding
10.
When prefix code is called as optimum prefix codes?
BT2
Understanding
11.
Identify the applications of LZW.
BT3
Applying
12.
Develop the expression for coding efficiency to entropy.
BT3
Applying
13.
Choose any one application suited to apply lossy and
BT3
Applying
BT4
Analyzing
BT4
Analyzing
lossless Compression. 14. 15.
In what way the adaptive Huffman code differs from Huffman code? Distinguish between static and dynamic Huffman coding.
16.
What is the need of EOL in Facsimile machine?
BT4
Analyzing
17.
Justify the need of dictionary based algorithm.
BT5
Evaluating
18.
Assess the advantages and disadvantages of JPEG DCT.
BT5
Evaluating
19.
Create the expression for DCT of each 8X8 block values.
BT6
Creating
20.
Propose the frame format for JPEG.
BT6
Creating
PART – B 1.
2.
Define the following: i. Source encoders & destination decoders (4) ii. Lossless and Lossy compression techniques (4) iii. Entropy Encoding (4) iv. Source Encoding (4) (i) Explain JPEG encoding process in detail. (12) (ii) Explain why differential encoding is used for the compression of the DC coefficient in successive blocks. (4)
Remembering BT1
BT1
Remembering
3.
BT1
Remembering
BT1
Remembering
Explain with example the concept of : i. Entropy encoding (8) ii. Source encoding. (8) Summarize the principle of : i. Arithmetic coding(8) ii. LZW algorithm. (8)
BT2
Understanding
BT2
Understanding
7.
Explain the following terms relating to facsimile machines: (i)Termination codes (4) (ii) make-up codes (4) (iii) Over scanning (4) (iv) EOL code and its uses (4)
BT2
Understanding
8.
A series of messages is to be transferred between computers. The message comprises of the characters a through f . The probability of occurrence of the characters a through f are 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 respectively. Use Huffman coding procedure to derive a codeword and also obtain the average codeword length.
BT3
Applying
9.
(i) The following character string is to be transmitted using Huffman coding A B A C A D A B A C A D A B A C A B A B. Compute and draw the Huffman code tree. (10) (ii) With an example, explain Shannon- Fano Coding (6)
BT3
Applying
10.
With the aid of a diagram, identify the 5 main stage associated with the base Line mode of operation of JPEG and give a brief description of the role of each stage.
BT4
Analyzing
11.
Criticise the importance of entropy encoding and source encoding with example. Examine the basic mode of operation of GIF. Include in your explanation the size of the color table used, how each pixel value is sent, and how the receiver knows the image parameters used by this source.
BT4
Analyzing
BT4
Analyzing
Explain the importance of arithmetic encoding algorithm and encode the string with the probabilities of the character “went$” . The probabilities are : e=0.3, n=0.3, t=0.2, w=0.1, $=0.1
BT5
Evaluating
4.
5.
6.
12.
13.
With the aid of diagram explain in a qualities way the meaning of the following terms relating to transform encoding. (i) Spatial frequency (4) (ii) Horizontal & vertical components (4) (iii) DCT (8) Give a detailed note on the following image file formats: (i) GIF (8) (ii). TIFF (8).
14.
Messages comprising Seven different characters, A through G are to be transmitted over a data link, analysis has shown that the relative frequency of occurrence of each character is A 0.10, B 0.25, C 0.05, D 0.32, E 0.01, F 0.07, G 0.2 a. Derive the entropy the messages (4) b. Use static Huffman coding to derive a suitable set of code words (6) c. Derive the average number of bits per code word for four code word set to transmit a message (4) d. compare this with the fixed length binary code words. (2)
BT6
Creating
UNIT IV - VOIP TECHNOLOGY
Basics of IP transport, VoIP challenges, H.323/ SIP – Network Architecture, Protocols, Call establishment and release, VoIP and SS7, Quality of Service- CODEC Methods- VOIP applicability PART – A Q.No
Questions
BT Level
Competence
1.
What are the major challenges involved in the implementation BT1 of VOIP.
Remembering
2. 3.
Write the applications of VOIP in multimedia systems. List the salient features of VOIP technology.
BT1 BT1
Remembering Remembering
4. 5.
Describe Real Time Transport Protocol. Point out the commands used in MEGACO.
BT1 BT1
Remembering Remembering
6.
Draw OSI- IP protocol stack for voice transport.
BT1
Remembering
7.
What do you mean by Real Time Transport Protocol?
BT2
Understanding
8.
BT2
Understanding
9.
Which is the first successful set of protocols for VOIP? How it is called in another way? Define media descriptor in MEGACO.
BT2
Understanding
10. 11.
Summarize all CODEC methods. Illustrate the role of ARQ in H323.
BT2 BT3
Understanding Applying
12.
Classify and describe the SIP basic classes.
BT3
Applying
13. 14.
Sketch the H.323 network architecture with neat diagram. Analyse the need and draw the SIGTRAN protocol suite.
BT3 BT4
Applying Analyzing
15.
Categorize the commonly used CODEC’s and its features.
BT4
Analyzing
16.
How does a call establishment take place in VOIP?
BT4
Analyzing
17.
Justify how QOS is measured in VOIP.
BT5
Evaluating
18.
Explain soft switch architecture.
BT5
Evaluating
19.
Formulate MEGACO protocol context and termination.
BT6
Creating
20.
Discuss the features of SS7 and its applications.
BT6
Creating
PART – B
(i) Give a detailed note on challenges in VOIP and its applications. (ii) Write a brief note on QoS issues in VOIP.
(12) (4)
2.
(i) Define and explain the architecture of SIP. (ii) List the Various CODEC methods.
(10) (6)
3.
Write short notes on: i. SCTP ii. MPLS
1.
BT1
Remembering
BT1
Remembering
BT1
Remembering
Explain the following in MEGACO protocol. (i) MEGACO transaction (4) (ii) MEGACO commands (4) (iii) MEGACO descriptions (4) (iv) MEGACO call establishment.(4) Explain the H.323/ SIP network architecture along with protocol stack with neat diagram. (16)
BT1
Remembering
BT2
Understanding
6.
(i) Summarize the basics of SS7 signalling and describe its applications in VOIP. (8) (ii) Explain the call establishment and release phase of VOIP connection with neat diagram. (8)
BT2
Understanding
7.
Explain the SIP messages and address formats. Describe the session establishment, termination and call tracking using SIP. (4*4=16) Identify the meaning of the source descriptor items used in RTCP source description packet. Specifically find the meaning of CNAME, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE, LOC, TOOL, NOTE & PRIV.
BT2
Understanding
BT3
Applying
9.
What are the features of MEGACO protocol? Explain the techniques involved in MEGACO protocol.
BT3
Applying
10.
i . Discuss the terminology and concept behind VOIP? ii. Explain the basics of IP transport in detail.
4.
5.
8.
11.
12.
(8) (8)
(10) (6)
(i) How the call establishment will be carried out in H.323. Explain in detail. (10) (ii) Analyse the fast connect procedure of H.323 with necessary diagrams. (6) Determine the format of RTCP sender and give description to the packet length and the fields repeated for each source. Describe each field. (16)
Creating BT6
BT4
Analysing
BT4
Analyzing
13.
(i) Examine the types of CODEC’s for handling VOIP traffic.(10) (ii) How SIGTRAN is related with IP & SS7? Explain. (6)
BT4
Analyzing
14.
Compare the similarities and differences of UDP and RTP with TCP/IP. Justify your answers. (8*2=16)
BT5
Evaluating
UNIT V - MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING Multimedia networking -Applications-streamed stored and audio-making the best Effort service-protocols for real time interactive Applications-distributing multimedia-beyond best effort service-secluding and policing Mechanisms-integrated services-differentiated Services-RSVP. PART – A Q.No
1.
Questions
List out the schemes for streaming stored media & name the advantages of each scheme
2.
BT Level
Competence
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 3
Applying
BTL 3
Applying
BTL 3
Applying
BTL 4
Analysing
BTL 4
Analysing
BTL 4
Analysing
BTL 5
Evaluating
BTL 5
Evaluating
BTL 6
Creating
BTL 6
Creating
BTL 1
Remembering
Recall the link scheduling discipline methods. 3. Define network dimensioning. 4. What is bandwidth provisioning? 5. Show the limitation of best effort service. 6. 7. 8.
Outline the features of best effort service. Summarize the important points about interactivity for streaming stored audio/Video. Discuss the meaning of interactivity for real time interactive audio/video.
9. 10.
Explain the role of the DNS in CDN. Classify the different RTP stream in different session identified by a receiver.
11. Illustrate the role of SIP register. 12. Interpret the header fields in RTP through proper diagram. 13. How will you distinguish RTP & RTC packets? 14. Analyse the causes of packet jitter. 15. 16.
Categorize the difference between end to end delay & packet jitter. Choose some of the difficulties associated with the intserv model and per-flow reservation of resources.
17. 18. 19.
Briefly explain the removal of jitter at the receiver for audio. What are the 3 approaches that can be used to support Multimedia applications? Discuss how the role of an SIP register is different from that of a home agent in mobile IP.
20. Elaborate about streaming of Audio/Video. PART – B 1.
(i)Explain the interactivity for streaming stored audio/video for real time interactive applications. (8) (ii)Write short notes on (i) Real time streaming protocol (8)
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9.
10. 11. 12.
13.
14.
(ii) Decompression (iii) Jitter removal (iv) Quanitization (i) List out RTCP packet types. (4) (ii) Explain the information contained in RTCP packet types.(12)
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 1
Remembering
(i)How the performance of audio quality can be recovered from packet loss? (8) (ii) Mention the procedures to be followed for quality maintenance of Audio. (8) (i)Interpret the similarities of RTSP and HTTP. (4) (ii)Explain how the RTSP methods can be used to request a stream? (12) Summarize the important points on : (i) Leaky bucket (4) (ii) WFQ (4) (iii) SIP (4) (iv) H323 (4)
BTL 1
Remembering
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 2
Understanding
Identify the limitations of best effort services in making multimedia networking. Explain in detail (16) (i) Explain the various scheduling mechanisms. (8) (ii) What are the policing mechanisms used in multimedia networking? Summarize. (8) Apply the knowledge on RTCP concepts to solve the problem. Consider an RTP session consist of 4 users, all of which are sending and receiving RTP packets in to the same Multicast address, each user sends video at 100 kbps. (i) What is the rate of RTCP to limit the traffic? (4) (ii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for particular receiver? (6) (ii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for a particular sender? (6)
BTL 2
Understanding
BTL 3
Applying
BTL 3
Applying
(i) What would be pre-emptive priority queuing? (6) (ii) Inspect the pre-emptive priority queuing for computer networks. (10) (i) Compare RTSP and HTTP. (4) (ii) Examine the process of RTSP to maintain the state information about the client (12) (i) Analyse any one of the protocols for real time interactive applications with suitable diagrams. (8) (ii) Examine the motivation of packet jitters. (8) (i) Criticize on how the jitter can be removed from audio at the receiver end. (8) (ii) Construct the planning of the inter arrival time jitter in RICP reception report. (8) Explain the possibility for CDN to provide worse performance to a host requesting a Multimedia object than if the host has requested the objects from the distant origin server? (16)
BTL 4
Analyzing
BTL 4
Analyzing
BTL 4
Analyzing
BTL 5
Creating
BTL 6
Evaluating
Explain intserv model and per-flow reservation of resources. (16)
