Date:- 16-10-2007 ----------------------------WRITTEN QUESTION GUIDE When marking a question, it must be borne in mind that the minimum experience required can be as little as 1 years maintenance of operating aircraft, therefore the knowledge required should be that which may be reasonably be expected of an engineer with this minimum experience. The answer given may be based on a system in an aircraft that an engineer may not be familiar with and it is important in these cases that consideration is given to this before marking the question. It should be remembered that it is riot a type examination. If the system described is unusual and found only on a military aircraft the answer will not be acceptable. When explaining the inspection I testing of a system, the answer must describe the nature of the check and not just state "the system must be checked". The answer should show the candidate's ability to express himself in technical English. The examiner will read the answer and look for "key points" comments or phrases. A mark will then entered in the right hand column of the answer sheet, dependant upon the value of the answer up to the maximum allocated for each key point. After this exercise has been completed if required, the points deduction table can be referred to and applied. Where there is "significant error" in a key point, or if the standard of English writing or expression is below the required standard, then points may be deducted from an answer. The rationale for the deduction and the number of points allocated are to be written in "RED" pen at the bottom of the question paper. The following table illustrates the considered reasons for deducting points. When a reduction of marks has been applied that will result in a question failure, the rationale for the deduction should be discussed and agreed with another examiner. The minimum pass mark for each essay question is 75% and all four questions have to reach the minimum pass mark of 75% to achieve a module pass.
Points Deduction Table ---------------------Significant Error Improper or incorrect safety precautions 20 Improper techniques or practices 10 Dangerous techniques or practices 15 Good answer to wrong question 30 Incorrect English Unreadable writing 30 Total use of diagram 30 Extremely difficult to read or comprehend 20 Diagram used to detriment of text 15 Difficult to read or comprehend 10 Text to terse or abbreviated statements 15 Bad sentence structuring 10 Incorrect/lack of appropriate terminology 15 Excessive use bulletin points / itemisation 10 Illogical sequence of events 15 Note: This list shows the maximum number of points that may be deducted for errors or poor English. As a rough guide the percentage mark allocated should reflect the following: below 65 Poor Many or most key points missed 65 Unacceptable Just below minimum key points 75 Acceptable Main key points 85 Good Majority of key points quoted 95 Very Good Very good key presentation over 95 Excellent Has shown understanding of the subject to a high level
KEY POINTS 1. Plan, collect ideas and points; brainstorm 2. Select key information 3. Logical order 4. Safety first 5. Presentation clearly laid out 6. Collection, selection, order presentation 7. Express your knowledge of the subject 8. Keep it simple (KIS) 9. Spelling not vital 10. Grammar must be adequate 11. Spell out acronyms first time 12. Write headings using strong verbs and nouns 13. Sentence between 10 and 20 words 14. Write in personal style 15. Write plain English 16. Introduction and summary to the point and relevant
WRITTEN ANSWER FLOW DIAGRAM Debrief the pilot (What, where, when ,why, how indications actions?) Ensure that there is a Tech log entry (no fault = no fix) Check the Tech Log for recent maintenance history (repeated replacements, ADD entries... etc) Implement safety precautions (warning notices, safety men, fire extinguishers.. etc) Consult the maintenance manual Fault Diagnosis Check the Minimum Equipment List (rather than ground the aircraft you may be able to transfer the defect to the ADD log) Rectify in accordance with the maintenance manual (you should have an attempt at diagnosing the defect and rectifying the problem) THE MAJORITY OF MARKS WILL BE AWARDED UNDER THIS HEADING • Use only approved parts (there is a problem with bogus parts in the aircraft industry) • Complete documentation - Log Books, Labels, Serial numbers, etc • Duplicate inspections (on flying control systems and anything else your not sure of) Consider raising a Mandatory Occurrence Report Clear Tech Log entry Some Questions --------------1) airframe repair 2) jar ops (subpart m) 3) hirf protection 4) hand over written 5) stress - environmental 6) obtaining jar 66
-----------------------------1. you are an engineer in charge of a major structural repair describe in detail how you would breif the oncoming shift with regards to work in progress, materials etc. 2. describe the A.N.O., BCAR's, JAR's and AWN's detailing their relationships with each other and any awn's related to engineer licencing. 3. an aircraft requires replacement of a P.C.B., explain in detail how you would carry out this task. 4. H.I.R.F. has been attributed to a fault and written in the tech log of an aircraft, explain how you would inspect and what checks you would carry out to return the aircraft to service.
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Essay Questions Module 7 (Maintenance Practices) 1. What is an oversize rivet and when would it be used? 2. Discuss the methods of protection against HIRF and the checks/inspections which would be carried out after a fault was entered in the tech log. 3. You are required to carry out a torque loading. Describe the procedure including all checks and tests to be carried out. 4. You are required to carry out a bonding test on an aircraft. Describe the procedure including all checks and tests to be carried out. 5. Describe the procedure to refuel a medium sized passenger jet. Include all safety checks which should be observed. 6. You are tasked with securing a small 50- seat aircraft due to high winds. How and where would you picket the aircraft and what checks would you carry out? 7. Describe the procedure for placing a medium sized aircraft into storage for 6 months. Include any maintenance checks that would be required. 8. List the precautions before, during and after painting an aircraft. 9. Discuss the precautions you would take, before during and after a windscreen replacement. 10. A fibre reinforced flap has been found damaged (soft spot). What inspections and repairs would you carryout? 11. What are the benefits of cadmium plating? 12. What is 'Stressed Skin' construction? What inspections would you carry-out to it during servicing? 13. After a heavy landing, describe what checks you would carry out including what questions you would ask the flight crew. 14. Describe the procedure for weighing an aircraft. Include all precautions to be taken before during and after the weighing. 15. Describe the procedure for carrying out a dye-penetrant NDT check on an aircraft component. 16. On carrying out a system check of a stall warning system it is discovered that the first officer's stick shaker is inoperative. Describe how you would fault find the system and how you would rectify the defect. 17. On trouble shooting an IDG overheat lamp fault, it was discovered that the connector of the IDG had evidence of overheating. Describe in detail the fault rectification process and how all the work should be recorded. 18. Describe the procedure for towing an aircraft from the hangar to the line, including all safety aspects. 19. Describe the procedure you would follow to remove corrosion from a component. 20. Describe what you would do if the aircraft had suffered a lightning strike. 21. Describe the different methods of de-icing an aircraft. Include details of types of fluid used.
22. During an engine start it is noticed that the No.2 ignition system is not working. What are you going to do to fix the problem and what certification (if any) is required? 23. How is safety in the aircraft hangar achieved? 24. Describe the procedure used for trouble shooting a DRIVE light of an IDG? 25. On a walk round inspection you notice smoke/vapour in the starboard wheel well. Describe the actions you would take and list possible causes. 26. The pilot reports a burning smell from the flight deck air conditioning system. State your actions and detail possible causes. 27. Describe how you would replace a PCB, and the precautions you would take.
Module 9 (Human Factors) 1. Describe in detail the effects of stress on an engineer and how environmental factors affect stress. Discuss how these affects can be minimised. 2. With regard to circadian rhythms, expand on the following: • What does 'circadian' mean? • What is a 'circadian rhythm'? • How is the body affected after a long flight over several time zones? • Ref. above - how can the effects be minimized ? • What is meant by 'post lunch low'? • With respect to circadian rhythms, what is meant by 'acrophase'? 3. You are a shift leader carrying out a major airframe repair that will not be completed during your shift. How are you going to communicate this to the incoming shift with regards to outstanding work, data and spares? 4. If a major skin repair was being carried out on an aircraft and you were the team leader, and the repair was not going to be completed within your shift period, how would you write a shift handover for the next shift? 5. What are the different types of stress encountered at the workplace, and as an employer, what are the ways to relieve stress of your employer ? 6. What is the impact of human factors on a) maintenance scheduling, and b) environmental factors 7. What are the human factors effecting the maintenance? Module 10 (Aircraft Regulations) 1. You are a JAR OPS organisation. Explain how you would set-up an aircraft maintenance organisation 2. Describe in detail the process of obtaining a JAR 66 Basic Licence and then describe how a JAR 145 quality department can issue a type approval. Answer includes: Quality maintenance JAR 145 initial approval and continuation training, relevant experience, type training course to ATA 104 level 3. 3. What organisation system is required under JAR OPS Subpart M to support the continued airworthiness of its aircraft? 4. As an aircraft operator, how do you maintain your aircraft and what checks do you do? Answer includes JAR 145, 66 147 5. Describe the process for attaining a JAR 66 licence and detail the engineer's responsibilities under JAR 145. Moduled, English 6. What are the considerations and certifications for release to service when a licensed engineer carries out a component replacement? 7. Describe the JAR 66 Licence categories with experience requirements. Answer includes: CAT A 1 year practical on operating aircraft and a JAR147 course, CAT B 2 year practical on operating aircraft and relevant training skilled status CAT C 3year practical on operating aircraft and technical training B1 and B2 2 years plus JAR 147 approved training 3 years plus relevant qualified skill status 5 years plus no relevant qualification CAT C 3 years certifying experience as B1, B2 line or base or both 3years with TEC degree approved by the CAA manager role Skilled status = overhaul manufacture, repair mechanical or electrical
50 % of experience in last year, rest in previous 7 years on corrct aircraft, military experience A plus 6 months B1, B2, 12 months. 8. What are the maintenance requirements of a company under JAR OPS 1:890? Answer includes: Airworthiness, operational and emergency walkround, wear damage, leakage Tech Log inspection, fluids, gases, locks and blanks, snow, ice, sand and doors 9. How would you convert BCAR to JAR license? 10. What are the relationships between the ANO, BCARs, JARs and AWNs. List the AWNs that are applicable to the Licensed aircraft engineer. 11. What are the considerations when moving a private category aircraft into the Commercial Air Transport category?
CAA WRITTEN OUESTIONS Question Paper no.1 1. How does stress affect an engineer's performance, and what can be done to minimise the effects? 2. what are the eligibility requirements for a basic Jar 66 engineering licence? What procedure would a company quality organisation have to go through before issuing a company approval? 3. You have a generator fault caption, and on inspection you find one of the IDG connectors shows signs of overheating. What rectification action would you take to return the aircraft to a serviceable condition? 4. On testing the stall warning system you notice that the No 2's stick shaker is not working. Describe in detail the operation of this type of stall warning system, and explain how you would tind and rectity the pm blem. Question paper no.2 1. HIRF, Finding it and dealing with it. 2. A/c comes out of heavy maintenance with no spark at the combustion. What do you do? 3. Shift handovers. 4. How does organisation get JAR 145? Question paper no.3 1. Fumes/vapour is seen coming form from the Starboard wheel well. Describe how you would investigate and rectity this situation. 2. The pilot reports a smell of smoke in the cockpit. Describe how you find and rectity this fault. 3. Describe a handover. which type of handover is most important and why? 4. How does organisation get JAR 145?
Stress affecting an engineer • Defined as "external forces acting on an object which in turn sets up internal stresses" • Stressors vary from person to person. One person might get stressed about something that another person doesn't. • Types of stressors Psychological, physical, the environment you work in, the task at hand and the organisation • Proven that performance decreases as stress increases. Engineer will make mistakes • Stress can stem from home, financial, relationships, injury, peer pressures, fatigue, poor diet, long journeys to work lack of sleep and all of us have a little stress as part of normal life • Reducing stress outside of work. Medication, therapy or relaxation techniques, moderate exercise and a good diet • At work to reduce stress by good air quality, comfortable temperature, reducing loud noises, good lighting, • Comfortable working position, good planning and realistic times allowed to complete tasks in • Job matching.
• Good relationship with team and managers with good communication • Find our own stressors and try to find ways how to cope with them No spark at combustion chamber after leaving heavy maintenance • Check work pack that's just been finished. See what work has been done ignition system or what has been done in the vicinity. • This might find something simply like pulled CB or dodgy wire/plug. • Fix and issue CR5 • If nothing, interrogate CMC for fault code. X refer to FIM and MM. • Carry out rectification work i.a.w. Maintenance manual and issue CR5 • Both scenarios tell Quality. • Possible QDR as to why it wasn't picked up on maintenance; any unrecorded work any dupes that should have been done. • Talk to people involved with maintenance, not to point a finger or to discipline but to ensure no repeat
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MORE QUESTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Detail the causes and effects that stress has on an engineer. 2. The captain of your aircraft reports that the First officers stick shaker is inoperative. Explain in detail the stall warning system and the remedial actions you would take to rectify the fault. 3. The captain reports a generator failure. On inspection you find signs of overheating on the generator connector. Detail the actions you would take to rectify the fault. 4. Explain what requirements that are to be met before a JAR 66 engineers licence can be issued.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Major Repair work is carriny out in the hangar & I am team leader. How will I handover the ongoing job. Paper work involved?? 2. Engine installation in base maintenance. While testing no. 2 ignitor not working. Trouble shoot it. 3. Organisation seeking JAR OPS-Part M. What do JAA need to approve as Maintenance Organisation. 4. HIRF Protection. Pilot reports. How to inspect. Paper work used? ***************************************
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Question Paper no. 1 1. How does stress affect an engineer's performance, and what can be done to minimise the effects?
2. What are the eligibility requirements for a basic Jar 66 engineering licence? What procedure would a company quality organisation have to go through before issuing a company approval? 3. You have a generator fault caption, and on inspection you find one of the IDG connectors shows signs of overheating. What rectification action would you take to return the aircraft to a serviceable condition? 4. On testing the stall warning system you notice that the No 2's stick shaker is not working. Describe in detail the operation of this type of stall warning system, and explain how you would find and rectify the problem. Question paper no. 2 1. HIRF, Finding it and dealing with it. 2. A/c comes out of heavy maintenance with no spark at the combustion. What do you do? 3. Shift handovers. 4. How does organisation get JAR 145? Question paper no. 3 1. Fumes/vapour is seen coming form from the Starboard wheel well. Describe how you would investigate and rectify this situation. 2. The pilot reports a smell of smoke in the cockpit. Describe how you find and rectify this fault. 3. Describe a handover. Which type of handover is most important and why? 4. How does organisation get JAR 145?
Here is the last set of essay questions sat at begining of April. 1.Describe in detail how you would carry out a quality audit of a part-145 company. 2.Describe in detail 2 types of stress encountered by an engineer. 3.At an OAT of -2 degrees with a light snow covering, describe what actions you would carry out before departing a passenger aircraft. 4.Describe your actions upon finding an area of damage in unpressurised fuselage. *****************************************
HELP IN ESSAY WRITING KEYWORDS TO EACH ESSAY
Air operators certificate • Any operator must have one before commercial flights • Principle place of business in Full JAA authority state • All a/c registered in that state. • Must satisfy the Local JAA Authority about the safety of the a/c. • Managers:- Accountable ( nominated people acceptable to JAA who are responsible) for, flight-ops ground ops, crew training rnaintenance • Must ensure every flight:- i.a.w. ops manual, adequate ground handling, properly crewed and equipped Content of AOC: - Name & address (principle location), date of issue and period of validity, Type of ops i.e. passengers/cargo, Type of a/c registration markings and areas allowed to operate in. Limitations and special authorisations i.e. CAT II or III or ETOPS
Technica1 log
Every commercial aircraft must have its own and kept for 24 months after last entry • Split into five sections • Section 1 title page. Contains registered name & address of operator & a/c reg. • Section 2 maintenance statement. Contains info on when next service due and also CRS • Section 3 Sector record page. Contains info on every flight. Take offs, landings where from/to. Flying hours, engine settings. Faults during flight, remedial action, airworthiness incidents. Fluids uplifted (Fuel, oil, anti-icing) • Section 4 Deferred defects. Section 3 first, investigate then into section 4 if acceptable deferred defect. Commander to make decision on this section. • Section 5 Info on maintenance including how to contact engineering en route. • Usually paper, sometimes computer or both
Maintenance organisation exposition • Document giving general overview and description • Split into six parts • Part 0 reserved for companies who are JAR OPS as well • Part 1 Management. Signed statement by accountable manager saying everything conforms to JAR 145, list of managers accepted by full authority and their responsibilities, list of all certifying staff Brief description of facilities and manpower. • Part 2 maintenance procedures. Scope of work allowed to perform and procedures to do that work. • L2 as above but for line maintenance as well • Part 3 Quality procedures. Companies quality systems and how to amend MOE • Part 4 covers contracted JAR OPS • Part 5 covers Sub contractors used 4 and 5 can be kept separate as long as there is adequate cross reference in main exposition
Engineers responsibility to personal fitness • AWN 47 gives comprehensive guidelines for Certifying staff’s responsibilities to themselves/organisation to be fit for work • JAR 66.50 issued in 1998, covers physically/mentally guidelines and requirements. • Engineers should be aware of certain drugs side affects and the subsequent affect on their abilities • Sleeping tablets: - dull senses, cause mental confusion, slow reactions • Tranquillisers: - anti depressants depress alert system • Anti histamines: feel drowsy • Pep pills: - Avoid, coffee not enough then not fit for work • Antibiotics: - Indicate something nasty which renders taker unfit for work • Anaesthetic: - Up to 48 hours before return to work • Alcohol: - moderation good. In a relaxed atmosphere is not a bad thing. It can be useful to unwind in a social environment. Excessive alcohol the evening before a shift should be avoided. The body can only process approx. 1 unit (half a pint) of alcohol every hour, so 4 to 5 pints a night before a shift can still render the person intoxicated and unfit for work in the morning. • Good eyesight. Glasses/contact lenses • Hearing. Normal voice, 6 feet away, quiet room • Excessive work causes fatigue and stress • In summary make honest judgements about own fitness. If unfit, don't go.
Human eye • Most important tool in box • Acts like camera • Taken in through cornea and lens inverted • Hits receptors on retina and generate nerve impulses • Sent to brain (iconic memory) via Optic nerve • Amount of light in eye. Iris changes luminance level up to 5 times and chemical changes in retina up to 150 000 in 30 minutes
• Main focal point on retina called Fovea. Main image here. Peripheral images rest of retina • Low light. Eye sees in monochrome (black and white) Good light required for inspections • Susceptible to certain lights. UV wrecks lens and causes solar retinopathy • Blue light wrecks retina. I.e. arc welding • Other problems. Short or long sightedness. Colour blindness (Daltonism) Red/greens catch early and job matching • Summary. Protect eyes, where prescription glasses/lenses if required and trips to optician. Sunglasses outside and welding goggles if required.
HIRF Finding it and dealing with it • Usually done at maintenance • Can be done when you get spurious and un-commanded incidents • Chapter 5 of Maintenance manual • Gain access • Perform Lid Standard Measurement on LRT (Loop Resistance Tester) after carrying out a BITE test on LRT before use • Loom or Joint test • Loom test uses sense and drive couplers and joint test uses joint probes • Take measurement in milliohms and cross-refer to mm. • If OK stamp off; return a/c to normal issue CRS • If u/s change loom/connector i.a.w. the mm and report to tech services, they tell Boeing, then return a/c to normal • Today's modern a/c, lots of FBW very susceptible to HIRF take great care when testing
Generator fault caption • Talk to crew if possible Get details of when it happened i.e, conditions. After initial report of fault, as much information as possible needs to be ascertained to assist the engineer • Check tech log for history of IDG and any outstanding ADD's • Overheated plug might have been from another, fixed, fault • Nothing in log, Interrogate CMC. Get fault code • Cross refer fault code from CMC with F.I.M. (Fault Isolation Manual) and look for other faults if directed by F.I.M. • A ground run of the IDG to possible recreate fault & isolate source of heat might be a good idea • Once found fault change relevant bits i.a.w. the Maintenance Manual. Looking at paperwork for Form 1 and proper documents in order. • Replace burnt plug. Avionics involved Function check new bit. • Clean up, FOD and tool check • Issue CRS For faults FFF Find it (anyway possible, i.e. crew techlog, CMC, ground run), Fix it (check paperwork), Function it
ETOPS • Extended range twin operations • Purpose is to extend range aircraft: can be away from an operational airfield. Usually 60 minutes with 1 engine out. • ETOPS can extend this to 180 minutes. • CAP 513 covers ETOPS • Granted by CAA after a/c and engines have proven to be reliable and long-range capabilities with one engine shut down have been established. • Certain systems, hydraulic/electrical generators for example, have to be proven to be reliable and powerful enough to cope when doing the work of 2 systems for a sustained period when 1 system has failed. • The MEL will be reduced for ETOPS flights. • The AMS must reflect greater safety standards such as 2 engine teams and dupes for a lot of engine work • Constant monitoring during operation to ensure high safety standards
• if a fault occurs, after fixing, next flight cannot be ETOPS. Called a proving flight • If standards are not met ETOPS WILL be withdrawn.
Certificate of Airworthiness • ANO states all a/c must have their own C of A (except gliders and a/c flying under certain conditions) (A & B for example) • Valid normally for 3 years, period stated on certificate • Apply by sending off old certificate, flight manual, weight and balance report, historical records and the fee. • The aircraft radio license would also be checked • A/c physically inspected for airworthiness and embodiment of all mods as required by MAMIS (Mandatory Modification and Inspection Summary) and AD's or FAD's (Say what they are) • If certificate is being applied for after a major Mod the a/c might need flight test or re weighing. This would be done under a "Fitness for flight certificate under "A" conditi9n~. • Checks and renewal report (form AD202NR) carried out by authorised person. I.e. somebody who can issue a Certificate of Maintenance Review. If all OK new C of A (form CA 958NR) issued. Also fleet testing. A fleet of more than 5 aircraft need only to prove serviceability on 20 % of their aircraft. List published by JAA of which aircraft can be fleet C of A renewed
On testing stall warning: system No.2 system does not work Describe the system and how you would rectify the problem • Alerts the pilot of impending stall by shacking control columns • Out of balance ring on motors, at base of control column, which rotate and cause vibration • Inputs to stick shakers from stall warning computer. These receive inputs on flap positions and ADC (air data computer), which give A of A, and airspeed. These determine when stick should shake • 2 stall warning computers. 1 for redundancy. 1 computer operates both shakers • If only no.2 shaker failed to operate, then computer is OK as no.1 is still working. • Check tech log. Something might have disturbed system and fault might be simply a pulled CB faulty connector or dodgy wiring • If nothing there, then interrogate CMC for faults list • Check fault on F.I.M (Fault Isolation Manual) • Change bits and do functional test i.a.w. Maintenance manual • Do paperwork if changing component looking for Form 1 and no bogus parts • Tidy up FOD and tool check • IssueCRS
Handover • Exchange of information from outgoing to incoming person about specific task or whole area • Written and verbal if possible. As much information as possible • Date, registration, name and signature of off going staff, work area all indicated on handover • Written in duplicate. One at zone and one with work pack. Legal document • Point out any problems or potential problems and next progression stage as well as critical areas that need working as a priority • Spares situation • Required completion dates • Both parties should be clear of situation by end of handover and fully conversed in the state of the task in hand or the work area, • All work done should be stamped/signed for. • Tool check carried out and area left tidy. If You leave it tidy, so will they • More complex jobs, a good idea to swap phone numbers
Basic JAR 66 eligibilitv requirements. Procedures company quality department would go through before issuing a company approval • Over2l
• Able to read, write and communicate in language of manuals and technical documentation of company there are at • B license: - 2 years recent experience and basic JAR 147 training course e.g. Brunel. Or : 3 years recent experience and appropriate training decided by JAA authority Or 5 years recent experience and no other training • At least 1 years recent experience on typical aircraft that license is being applied for • 50% of 1 year must have been gained in last 12 months and rest in preceding 7 years • Quality department; Responsible for maintaining JAR145 which includes initial approvals and continuation training, • Do training course on specific type of a/c before approval issued. Various exams including, written, practical, and oral would be given to students to ensure adequate levels of competency have been achieved. ~ ~ ~ C) F • Once quality/training happy standards are met. Company approval issued. L C4 • Only then are
How does an organisation get JAR 145? • JAR 145 basic approval required by company wanting to maintain commercial aircraft • Apply on JAA Form 2 usually done by the accountable manager or their nominee • Must demonstrate various requirements: • Facility must be suitable and protect from elements. Not needed on Line but recommended for defect work and longer line checks • Area for staff to look at technical information and documents in a proper manner • Suitable stores area. Secure area for components. Bonded and quarantine stores. • Personnel requirements vary with size of company. Will include Base Maintenance and line, if required, maintenance managers, workshop manager and a quality manager. • Accountable manager responsible for ensuring any resources that are required for the safe maintenance of the aircraft are provided • Enough people to plan, perform, supervise, inspect and support the organisational requirements • Granting of approval indicated by approval certificate. Specifying the extent of approval i.e. what tasks can and can't be performed. • All charges been paid to the Authority state
LWTR ORAL QUESTIONS
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Air legislation 1. What is the A.N.O. and what is it for? 2. How is it made up? 3. What articles are of importance to a L.A.E.? 4. How is the A.N.O. carried out? 5. What are B.C.A.R.’s? 6. What is Section A? 7. What is section B? 8. What are J.A.R.’s? 9. What are airworthiness Notice’s? 10. What is a C.R.S.? 11. What is a Certificate of airworthiness? 12. How do I renew it?
13. Who would renew it? 14. What is a nominated engineer? 15. How would we fly the a/c without a C of A? 16. What are A conditions? 17. Who can sign this? 18. Where would the a/c have to be maintained 19. What about if the a/c has had a major modification? 20. Who can sign B conditions? 21. What are the two types of modifications? 22. Where would I find out about damage repairs 23. Are you allowed to carry out dye Penetrant inspections? 24. Are A.D.’s mandatory? 25. What A.D. are applicable to a American a/c with a British engine and French wheels? 26. What is M.A.M.I.S.? 27. How is an a/c maintained? 28. What changes have happened to L.A.M.’s? 29. For a duplicate inspection does the second signatory have to carry out any of the work? 30. Does the first Signatory?
Airframes 1. Show me how a wing achieves lift 2. How do we increase lift? 3. What is induced drag? 4. What do vortex generators do? 5. How do we pressurise an a/c? 6. What effect does this have on the airframe? 7. How do we control the pressure? 8. What safeguards negative cabin pressure? 9. How do we heat the a/c? 10. If I roll the a/c to the left what are the ailerons doing? 11. Do they move the same distance up as they do down? 12. What is induced yaw? 13. Show me how a wing is constructed 14. How is a spar constructed to be “fail safe”? 15. Draw me a simple aileron control system 16. How are flaps moved? 17. What is flap asymmetry? 18. How do we protect against this? 19. Explain a simple fuel system 20. What fabric’s are used in fabric a/c? 21. How do we tension linen and newer fabrics? 22. What problems are there with using wood? Diseases etc? 23. Where are the drain holes? 24. Why is plywood a good material? (can change grain direction for strength in all directions) 25. Explain how a simple hydraulic system works 26. What is the accumulator for? 27. How do we re-charge it?
Propellers 1. What types of props are there? 2. What is the benefit of having variable pitch propellers? 3. What stresses act on a propeller? 4. What is torque? 5. How do we measure the propeller torque?
6. How do we change the pitch of a propeller? 7. Where does the C.S.U. oil come from? 8. Explain Prop de-icing 9. What checks should be carried out on an electrical de-icer system? (brush’s and slip rings, cycle relay etc) 10. What checks are carried out on props? 11. How do we repair damage? 12. Why do we blend out damage?
Gas Turbines 1. Explain with a drawing a gas turbine, starting at the front. 2. Where do we measure pitot pressure? 3. What is the average Px increase per stage in an axial flow compressor? 4. What is stall? 5. What is surge? 6. How do V.I.G.V. do their job? 7. How do bleed valves work? 8. What are the holes in the combustion chamber called? 9. What are swirl vanes for? 10. What precautions must you take when installing a new burner? 11. Why would you boroscope a combustion chamber? 12. Would you receive a brand new engine with a crack in the combustion chamber? (yes this can occur during manufacturing, and testing and can be in limits still) 13. Would you inspect nozzle guide vanes for cracks? 14. Why aren’t N.G.V.’s cooled? (because they’re not susceptible to the same stresses an a rotating turbine) 15. How do we cool turbine blades? 16. What inputs are received by the F.C.U.? 17. How do we start a gas turbine? 18. Explain an engine run assuming all fire precautions have been taken care of, what am I looking out for? 19. When do bleed valves work? (wants to know rotational speeds) 20. How would you know there was an impending surge? 21. What would you suspect if you smelt fuel when topping up the oil? 22. What do you know about single grain crystal, turbine blades?
