MALAYSIA´S LOCATION Close
to the most two seismically active plate boundries
- inter-plate boundary between the Indo-Australia and Eurasian Plates on the west
80 mm/year
70 mm/year
- inter-plate boundary between Eurasian and Philippine Plates on the east
_______________________ ____________ _______________________ ________________________ _____________________ _________
Java Trench
290 km
220 km
560 km
TABLE 1: REPORTS OF EARTHQUAKE IMPACTS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA (1985-200 (1985-2004) 4) Event
Details
16/11/1985 Saturday
Kuala Berang: Tremor, lasting a few seconds at about 12.15 pm, rocked houses in Kampungs near Kenyir Dam. No reports of damage to houses or other property. Similar incident a few months ago and latest tremor did not cause much panic among villagers.
15/11/1990 Thursday 02:34:32.4 UCT M 6.8 3.91oN & 97.46oE, 48 km depth.
Kuala Lumpur: Thousands in high rise buildings throughout country went scurrying for safety following following a tremor. Workers rushed out of Yayasan Yayasan Selangor & UDA Buildings (Jln. Bt. Bintang) when they felt them shake at about 10.45am. Occupants in Wisma Bernama (Jln. Raja Chulan) & UBN Towers (Jln. P. Ramlee) also felt tremor. Penang: 65-storey Tun Abdul Razak Complex (Komtar) affected. Perak: Effects felt quite strongly at Perak Education, and PWD, PWD, Offices in Ipoh, Syarikat Telekom in Taiping, Lumut Naval Base and Wisma Ganda in Sitiawan. Alor Star: Tremor felt at Wisma Persekutuan & Bangunan Tuanku and other high rise buildings. Tremors a few seconds in some towns but about 30 sec. in other areas. Second time such tremors felt in recent times - Last one on April 25, 1987, following an earthquake (Ms 6.6) at 19:22:07.2 UCT near Lake Toba on Sumatra Island.
19/11/1990 Monday (M 5.9) 12:23 am
Penang: Tremors felt in several high rise buildings, shortly after mid-night last night following earthquake in NW Sumatra. Glass doors and windows in upper floors of some buildings, as Penang Port Commission Bldng. and Wisma Manilal, shattered. No reports of tremors being felt in other parts.
02/07/1991
(NST, 03/07/91): Earthquake (M 5.6) at 1.14 pm yesterday 160 km off west west o o coast of Sumatra. Met. Dept. - Epicentre between 99 and 100 E. Tremors from quake felt in parts of Singapore.
21/09/1993
(BT, 21/01/93): Earth tremors felt in several areas of NW Peninsular yesterday were caused by an earthquake off the NW coast of Sumatra. Met. Dept. - Tremors detected by seismograph in K.L. at about 10.30 am and lasted for about three minutes. (NST, 21/01/93): Tremors felt in Penang, Kota Baru, Kuantan, Lumut, Taiping and Kuala Lumpur following an earthquake off Sumatra. Penang and Butterworth were hit by two tremors within a minute of each other while minor tremors were felt in the other places.
15/02/1994 (Ms 7.0)
Singapore: Hundreds of people woken up and rushed out of high-rise flats. Buildings that responded were in SE Singapore, underlain by Quaternary deposits (Kallang Formation). Buildings in other parts of Singapore had no apparent response. Epicenter along Sumatra Fault. (SUM, 08/10/95): Earthquakes rocked central Sumatra early Saturday morning damaging homes and roads and triggering landslides. At least 100 people killed when massive (M 7) earthquake struck central Sumatra. Aftershocks felt in Singapore.
07/10/1995 Saturday
(NSUNT, 08/10/95): After-shocks of the Sumatra earthquake rocked Singapore early today, shaking buildings and furniture and scaring residents into fleeing outdoors. No casualties or damage caused by the tremors, which shook several areas of the city before dawn.
07/10/1995 Saturday
(NSUNT, Sun 08/10/95): People living in flats in Johore Baru had shock of their lives early this morning when when tremors rocked the buildings. The tremors, which began about 2.15am and lasted about five seconds, were felt by many residents of the Bukit Chagar and Larkin flats.
08/11/1995
(BT, 09/11/95): Tremors from a Sumatra earthquake (M 5.0) yesterday were felt in NW coast of Peninsula in Penang Island and Butterworth but did not damage any buildings. Met. Dept. - Epicenter in N Sumatra. Penang: Tremors lasting several seconds felt at 3.15 pm and caused workers to rush out of tall buildings, including Kompleks Tun Abdul Razak (Komtar), Bangunan Syed Putra & Bangunan Dewan Perniagaan Melayu. (BT, 12/10/96): An earthquake in NW Sumatra was the cause of Thursday night's tremors felt in several areas along the west coast of the Peninsula. Met. Services Dept. - The six-minute tremor (M 6.0) started at 11.22pm.
20/08/1997
(BT, 21/08/97): Tremors resulting from an earthquake in Indonesia yesterday sent hundreds of people on Penang Island scurrying out of several high-rise buildings. The earthquake (M 6.0) was also felt in other places, such as Selangor and Kedah around 3.15 pm.
03/04/1998
(BT, 03/04/98): Residents in two blocks of condominiums in Desa Petaling, in Kuala Lumpur, were shaken at about 2.00 am by tremors from a major earthquake in W Sumatra early yesterday. Met. Dept. Epicenter of earthquake (M 6.0), which occurred at 1.56 am, at 0.5oS and 99.0oN.
03/04/1998
(NST, 03/04/98): Residents of two high-rise blocks in Pangsaria Apartments, Desa Petaling experienced strong tremors at 2.00 am today, sending them out of their units quickly. Residents also claimed claimed that several cracks appeared on the walls on several floors after the tremors and expressed fears about soundness of the two buildings. (NST, 06/06/00): Johore Baru - Residents of four public housing flats in the city centre fled their apartments in panic shortly after midnight when the buildings shook - an after-effect of an earthquake in Sumatra. The flats as well as most high-rise buildings across Johor Baru city were affected by tremors which resonated from the Sumatra earthquake. (NST, 06/06/00): Jakarta - A powerful earthquake and dozens of strong aftershocks struck Sumatra at night. Widespread panic was was reported in Bengkulu the tremor's epicentre.
26/10/2000 Wednesday
(MM, 26/10/00): People in high-rise buildings in Singapore felt tremors yesterday after a strong earthquake shook West Java, though o reports of injuries or damage. Sing. Met. Service - Tremors detected around 5.40 pm local time (10:40 GMT) from earthquake in the Sunda Straits. Earthquake (M 6.5) located 900 km south of Singapore.
(MM, 23/02/04): Earth tremors were reported in certain parts of Singapore Island at around 2.50 pm. (MM, 13/05/04): Tremors from an earthquake in Sumatra caused panic in four buildings at Beach Road, Jalan Besar and St George's Lane on Tuesday at 4.30 pm. Despite assurances from the authorities that the buildings were safe, many tenants, already jittery from Nicoll Highway collapse last month, evacuated shops and offices. (MM, 27/07/04): Tremors of a strong earthquake which hit western Indonesia on Sunday night, were felt by Tanjung Kupang Block B Government quarters (7-storey) in Gelang Patah. Tremors lasted for a few seconds but were strong enough to be felt by the residents who rushed out when they felt the jolt about 10.30 pm. 26/12/2004 Sunday
(MM, Mon 27/12/04): Hundreds of high-rise apartment dwellers in several parts of the Klang Valley fled homes following shockwaves from the earthquake that jolted Sumatra yesterday. Shockwaves also caused deep cracks to appear on several parts of low-cost flats in Shah Alam, Kota Damansara and Cheras.
26/12/2004 Sunday
(NST, Mon 27/12/04): At least 45 people killed with hundreds injured and missing in the aftermath of a tsunami triggered by the most powerful earthquake since 1964. Tremors following the early morning quake sent terrified residents of high-rise buildings in Kuala Lumpur pouring out into the streets.
TABLE 2: REPORTS OF EARTHQUAKE IMPACTS IN EAST MALAYSIA Date
Details
21 Sept 1897
Sandakan: Two tremors felt after noon. Narrow fissure appeared in road, wall of a house cracked & town clock stopped. Kinabatangan, Labuk, Sugut, Kudat & Labuan: Tremors also felt. Labuan: Clocks stopped. Fissure in road and under Govt. offices. Islands appeared in the sea near Labuan & Balambangan Island. Mud volcano off Klias Peninsula. [Minor local tremors from time to time reported to occur with revival of activity of mud volcanoes off Sandakan Peninsula]. Earthquake (Ms 8.7) at 05:12:00.0 (GMT). Depth 60 km. Epicenter south of Mindanao at 6.0oN and 122.0oE.
5 Apr 1902
Tawau area: Severe earth tremor felt at about 8.00 pm.
10 Apr 1902
Sandakan: Quivering vibration felt on S.S. Labuan whilst achored.
1 Oct 1902
Sandakan, Kudat, Sugut area & Labuan: Tremors reported. Sandakan: Severe shock with long fissure appearing in ground. Seabed south of Klias Peninsula upheaved to form new island.
2 May 1903
Tawau: Mild earthquake felt in the evening.
31 Dec 1908
Sebatik Coal Depot: Tremor felt at 9.05 am. S.S. Victoria heeled over whilst coal heap split in several places.
15 May 1909
Tawau area: Tremor felt with some damage to crockery. Silimpopon Coalfield: Coal dumps collapsed and blocked tram lines
27 July 1911
Ranau area: Weak earthquake felt. Reported to be 3rd in 6 years.
6 June 1912
Timbang Batu in Marudu Bay: Earthquake felt at 5.35 pm. Booming sound traveled NE to SW. SW. No undulations perceptible.
24 Feb 1913
Lahad Datu district: Tremor felt about 4.00 am. No damage recorded.
10 Feb 1916
Timbang Batu area: Earthquake felt at 8.15 p.m. District District Officer's house shaken violently for some 5 sec. Shops 6.7 km to north also shaken.
19 Apr 1923
Tawau - Cowie Harbour: Earth tremor lasting 20 sec felt at 11.15 a.m. 1st tremor followed an hour later by 2nd weaker tremor. Earthquake (M 7.0) at 03:09:08.0 (GMT). Epicenter south of Tarakan in E. Kalimantan at 2.5oN and 117.5oE.
11 Aug 1923
Lahad Datu: Earthquake lasting 30 sec felt at 8.50 am. Buildings shook and swayed causing windows to rattle and roof beams to creak. Earthquake (M 6.5) at 00:54:25.0 (GMT). Epicenter in South Sulawesi Sea at 4.5oN and 119.5oE.
25 Jan 1928
Bengkoka Peninsula: Earthquake shocks felt at about 1.00 am. Coolies fled from lines at Pitas Estate.
27 Mar 1932
Pingan-Pingan, Marudu Bay: Strong tremor lasting several seconds.
17 Oct 1932
Keningau: Two earthquake shocks felt at 4.45 pm. and 5.50 pm.
4 Dec 1932
Sandakan: Slight, distinct earth tremor lasting 30 sec felt after 4.00 pm. Earthquake (M 7.1) at 08:11:12.0 (GMT). Epicenter in S Sulawesi Sea
2 June 1951
Kudat: Strong tremor at 2.50 pm. Cracks in road near Customs & sea wall. Half of wharf tender collapsed into sea. Water pipes burst. Tremors of lower intensity felt at 4.00 pm, 4.10 pm & 5.45 pm, and at 4.00 am, 7.00 am & 9.45 am on following day (3 June).
28 May 1964
Dent Peninsula: Moderately severe earth tremors felt.
28 June 1964
Bakapit (24 km east of Lahad Datu): Earth tremors felt at 5.17 am, 5.24 am, 5.24.3 am & 8.30 am. Earlier tremors reached intensity IV.
24 Jan 1965
Bakapit area: Earth tremors felt at 3.42 pm, 3.48 pm & 4.03 pm.
15 Feb 1965
Bakapit area: Tremors felt at 6.50 pm., 6.59 pm, 7.11 pm. & 7.23 pm.
3 Mar 1965
Bakapit area: Earth tremor of intensity III felt at 8.45 pm.
21 July 1965
Niah-Sibuti area, south of Miri: Earth tremor. Doors slammed & windows smashed at Niah & Bekenu, 4th Div. Very large stalactite broke off in Niah Great Cave.
18 Oct 1965
Mamut Base Camp, Ranau: Weak tremor lasting 3 sec felt at 7.07 a.m.
18 May 1966
Kota Kinabalu & Ranau: Tremor of intensity III felt at 1.26 am. Rattling of windows, doors & crockery. People awakened & animals disturbed. No damage reported. First tremor recorded in K. Kinabalu area. Papar, Penampang, Tuaran, Kota Belud & Tambunan: Tremor also felt. Earthquake (M 5.3) at 17:25:53.0 (GMT). Depth 52 km. Epicenter SW of Ranau at 5.96oN and 116.64oE.
25 July 1976
Tawau, Semporna, Lahad Datu, Kunak & Sandakan areas: Earth tremor of intensity IV lasting about 10 sec at 10.05 p.m. Earthquake (Mb 5.3) at 14:03:17.8 (GMT). Depth Normal. Epicenter near Lahad Datu at 5.09oN and 118.287oE.
26 July 1976
Tawau, Semporna, Lahad Datu, Kunak & Sandakan: Strong tremor for 29 sec at 11.26 am. Substantial damage to buildings & structures. Kunak: Cracks in walls of concrete buildings, sealed roads and jetty as well as burst water pipes and 5 houses collapsed. Lahad Datu: New police complex and low cost houses badly damaged. Mud cone activated near airport runway. Steel rails buckled 3 km away. Tawau: Cracks in General Hospital & Resident's Office. Main shock followed by earthquake swarm; Total of some 215 events; 33 after shocks on 26th, 13 tremors on 27th, 10 on 28th & 5 on 29th July. Earthquake (Mb 5.6) at 02:56:39.4 (GMT). Depth 29 km. Epicenter in Darvel Bay area at 4.93oN and 118.34oE. Tremors of slight to moderate intensity (
25 Dec 1981
Tawau: Earth tremor lasting some some 30 sec at 8.30 am. No damage. Earthquake (Mb 5.4) at 00:28:15.7 (GMT). Depth 39 km. Epicenter in Darvel Bay area at 4.760oN and 118.477oE.
31 July 1983
Lahad Datu area: Two tremors at 9.00 a.m. & 11.00 a.m. Tremors of intensity III lasting 3 sec. Earthquake (Ms 5.10) at 02:52:14.67 (GMT). Depth 33 km.
26 May 1991
Ranau area: Strong foreshock at 3.02 p.m. followed followed by 3 strong shocks at 6.59 p.m., 7.14 p.m & 7.17 p.m. Cracks developed in buildings & ground, brick walls collapsed & a landslide. Epicentres around Ranau. Ranau. Epicentres: Foreshock (Mag. 4.6) 65 km ENE, 1st strong shock (Mag. 5.1) 8 km SSE, 2nd strong shock (Mag. 4.7) 24 km SSE, & 3rd strong shock (Mag. 5.1) 13 km ESE, of Ranau, Several after shocks, 17 recorded between 27 May & 8 July, 1991. Foreshock & main shocks felt all over West Sabah, including Tenom, Papar, Beaufort, Tambunan, Kota Kinabalu, Kota Belud & Kota Marudu
26 May 1991
Tremor hit several parts of Sabah - worst of 48 such occurrences in 94 years. M. 5.0 (Met. Dept.). Tremor caused extensive cracks in two blocks of 6-storey teachers' quarters at SM Mat Salleh in Ranau and sent about 50 teachers and families scurrying out of building. Glass window panes of Sabah Parks Office and Hostels in Kundasang broken and some parts of walls cracked. Parts of Kg. Kinopulidan Rd., about 3 km from Ranau town, developed cracks as a result of tremor. Electricity supplies in entire Ranau District disrupted several times due to tremor. Three strong tremors felt in KK and parts of Sabah tonight between 7.00 pm and 7.19 pm, each lasting > 1 min. Three earth tremors felt between 3.01 pm and 8.30pm. Areas affected by tremor were Kota Kinabalu, Tuaran, Kota Belud, Tamaparuli, Lok kawi and some parts of Keningau, Tenom, Beaufort and Papar. Earthquakes said to be as strong as the one that hit Lahad datu in 1976.
2 Jun 1991
NST (03/06/91): Tremors continue to occur in several parts of Sabah over past few days. Latest one at about 2.25 am yestedrday. NSUNT (Sun, 15/08/93): Parts of Kuching Kuching and Serian Serian Districts Districts in Sarawak were hit by tremors following a mild earthquake last night. Met. Dept - Epicentre Epicentre of (M 4.5) earthquake earthquake about 100km from Kuching. BT (04/11/94) (04/11/94):: Another tremor tremor in Kota Kinabalu Kinabalu yesterday yesterday morning, a day after series of tremors shook major Sabah towns. Yesterday's tremor, at about 11.30 am, sent workers rushing out of Yayasan Sabah Building (32-storey). Met. Dept. - Wednesday's tremors caused by a strong earthquake in Sulu Sea, about 141 km NE of Tawau - The (M 5.5) earthquake at 9.44 am had its epicentre at 5.5oN, and 119.0oE. No reports of damage to properties or casualties. casualties. NST (04/11/9 (04/11/94): 4): Several workers workers at Yayasan Sabah Building claimed that felt another slight tremor at about 11.30 am today. Howeve However, r, State Seismological Seismological Stn. did not detect detect any earth movements.
17 Nov 2002
STAR (Mon, 18/11/02): Tremors measuring measuring 2.7 M (Richter Scale) felt in several parts parts of Ranau at 6.09 pm. Met. Dept. - No No reports of damage; No further tremors expected; Similar tremors before. MM (03/05/0 (03/05/04): 4): Tremors from an earthquake (M 4.8) which which occurred in the South China Sea at 7.29 am yesterday were felt in several places in Sarawak, including Miri and Bintulu.
3 Feb 2005
STAR (Sat., (Sat., 05/02/05): Tremors shook shook villagers villagers in interior interior Ranau District and sent them screaming from beds in the wee hours of Thursday morning (03-02-05). (03-02-05). No casualities casualities or damage damage reported. Low intensity earthquake, which occurred at 1.54 am, measured 4.1 on Richter Scale and centred at 5.8oN and 116.8oE. Tremors lasted for about a minute and caused glass panes to rattle and doors to shake.
6 Feb 2005
STAR (Sun., (Sun., 06/02/05): 06/02/05): Thousands living in coastal areas of Sabah fled after a strong earth-quake earth-quake shook shook southern Philippines. Philippines. Bt. Aman placed Sabah police on alert at 8.56 pm after earthquake (M 7.2) was recorded with with epicenter in the sea south south of Mindanao. The Alert, first ever such tsunami alert, was sent out by the PM's Dept. based Crisis & Disaster Centre Management Directorate after Met. Services Dept. informed it about the Philippine Philippine earthquake. earthquake. Alert from 'Priority' 'Priority' was was scaled down to 'Standby' after more than an hour as a tsunami would have hit an area about 30 min or so after the earthquake.
Surface Rupture, Ranau. (MMS, 1991)
1991 Ranau Earthquake
Teacher’s Flat, S.M.K. Mat Salleh, Ranau
June 4, 1991
1991 Ranau Earthquake
Eq. Near Sulu Sea Trench (Magnitude 6-9)
Earthquake Epicenter in Sabah and Surrounding Areas Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Frequency and Magnitude of Earthquake in Sabah offshore
10 9
local
1897 Great earthquake; Total destruction
8
2005
Major earthquake; Serious damage
7 1976
E 6 D U T I 5 N G A 4 M
Potentially destructive
1991
Usually felt; Moderate damage
3 2 Not felt
1
1900
YEAR
1950
2000
Tectonic Elements of Borneo
South China Sea Basin Microplate Reed Bank Microplate
Dangerous Grounds Microplate
Sundaland Craton Microplate
Sulu Sea Basin Microplate
Celebes Sea Basin Microplate
Simplified Tectonic Cross Section Palawan
NW
Reed Bank
South China Sea
10 km 100 km
North Arm Sulawesi
Sulu Arc Zamboanga
SE
Cagayan Sulu Sea
Celebes Sea
Tectonic Elements and Earthquake Epicenters in Sabah Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Zamboanga
Kota Kinabalu
Sandakan Ranau
Brunei
S. Philippines
Jolo
1897 (8.6)
Sabah
2005 (7.1)
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Sarawak
1923 (6.5)
Celebes Sea 1932 (7.1)
Sibu
1923 (7)
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Future Location of Earthquake with Magnitude > 6.0 Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Future Location of Earthquake with Magnitude > 6.5 Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Zamboanga
Kota Kinabalu
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
1923 (7)
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
Potential Tsunami Associated with Earthquake Palawan
South China Sea
Sulu Sea Kudat
Kota Kinabalu
Zamboanga
Sandakan
S. Philippines
Jolo
Ranau
Brunei
Sabah
Lahad Datu
Miri Tawau
Celebes Sea
Sarawak Sibu
NE Kalimantan
Manado
N. Sulawesi
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