EARLY CIVILIZATION AND RISE OF THE STATE
EARLY CIVILIZATION AND RISE OF THE STATE
CIVILIZATION – CIVILIZATION – comes from the Latin words “civis” which refers to one who is inhabitants of a city and “civets” which refers to the urban community in which one dwells .
CIVILIZATION – CIVILIZATION – comes comes from the Latin words “civis” which refers to one who is inhabitants of a city and “civets” which refers to the urban community in which one dwells .
WORLD’S FIRST CITIES (4500 -6000 yrs. Ago) 1.Mesopotamia (Iraq) (Writing:Cuneiform,Short Story:Gilgamesh,Central Monumental Building: Ziggurats, City-State Government ) 2. 2.Egypt’s Egypt’s Nile Valley (3200 BCE) (Writing:Hieroglypics- pictogram and papyrus, Centralized Government) 3.Indus Valley (Pakistan and India) (Two Major Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro) 4.China (5000 yrs. Ago) (Shang Dynasty, Oracle Bones, Mythic Stories) 5.Peru (4000 yrs. Ago) 6.Mesoamerica (2000 yrs. Ago)
WORLD’S FIRST CITIES (4500 -6000 yrs. Ago) 1.Mesopotamia (Iraq) (Writing:Cuneiform,Short Story:Gilgamesh,Central Monumental Building: Ziggurats, City-State Government ) 2. 2.Egypt’s Egypt’s Nile Valley (3200 BCE) (Writing:Hieroglypics- pictogram and papyrus, Centralized Government) 3.Indus Valley (Pakistan and India) (Two Major Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro) 4.China (5000 yrs. Ago) (Shang Dynasty, Oracle Bones, Mythic Stories) 5.Peru (4000 yrs. Ago) 6.Mesoamerica (2000 yrs. Ago)
Basic Characteristics of a City/Civilization 1.Large Size and Population (Urbanized) Catalhoyuk – Catalhoyuk – A compact 9,500 year old settlement in south-central Turkey. Tightly packed houses which were structurally similar to one another for its more than 5,000 inhabitants. House walls were were covered with all sorts of paintings and bas reliefs. 2.Organized Planning by a Central Authority,Technological Intensification and Social Str atification Mohenjo-daro – An – An urban center with a population of atleast 20,000 was built on an artificial mound, safe from flood waters. – Early – Early engineers created sophisticated plumbing and drainage system. Almost every house has a private bathroom toilet – The – The streets were laid out on a grid pattern. 3.Spiritual Belief and Social Order Teotihuacan – Translated – Translated the solar calendar into unified spatial pattern. The Street of the Dead- a grand north-south axis running from the Pyramid of the Moon and bordered by the Pyramid of the Sun and the royal palace compound- was deliberately oriented to an astronomical marker, east of true north. 4.Social and Economic Diversity Teotihuacan – Six – Six levels of society can be recognized by variation in size and quality of apartment rooms. – Teotihuacan – Teotihuacan artisan worked on exotic goods and raw materials imported from afar, and atleast two neighborhoods housed people with foreign affiliation.
Basic Characteristics of a City/Civilization 1.Large Size and Population (Urbanized) Catalhoyuk – Catalhoyuk – A compact 9,500 year old settlement in south-central Turkey. Tightly packed houses which were structurally similar to one another for its more than 5,000 inhabitants. House walls were covered with all sorts of paintings and bas reliefs. 2.Organized Planning by a Central Authority,Technological Intensification and Social Stratification Mohenjo-daro – An – An urban center with a population of atleast 20,000 was built on an artificial mound, safe from flood waters. – Early – Early engineers created sophisticated plumbing and drainage system. Almost every house has a private bathroom toilet – The – The streets were laid out on a grid pattern. 3.Spiritual Belief and Social Order Teotihuacan – Translated – Translated the solar calendar into unified spatial pattern. The Street of the Dead- a grand north-south axis running from the Pyramid of the Moon and bordered by the Pyramid of the Sun and the royal palace compound- was deliberately oriented to an astronomical marker, east of true north. 4.Social and Economic Diversity Teotihuacan – Six – Six levels of society can be recognized by variation in size and quality of apartment rooms. – Teotihuacan – Teotihuacan artisan worked on exotic goods and raw materials imported from afar, and atleast two neighborhoods housed people with foreign affiliation.
