THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
FACTORS THAT GAVE RISE
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TO FILIPINO NATIONALISM
1. Spread of liberalism > “Laissez-faire or let alone policy” – it gave full freedom to private individuals and firms to engage in economic activities without much interference from the government. 2. Sentiment against the principales Principales – the political or social aristocracy , which includes the prominent land-owning and propertied citizens. 3. Racial prejudice 4. Cultural changes > Educational reforms of 1863 > gave birth to a new breed of Filipinos- the ilustrados
Carlos Maria De la Torre – governor general who showed liberal disposition in administering the government by:
1. abolishing the censorship of the press.
2. abolishing flogging as a punishment. 3. solving the agrarian unrest in Cavite.
5. Secularization Controversy. Council of Trent – affirmed that regular priests be appointed to administer the parishes in the colony.
• Exponi Nobis – allowed the regular clergy to serve as parish priests without diocesan authorization and be exempted from bishop’s authority. • 6. Cavite Mutiny ( January 20, 1872) • Cause: revocation of the privilege of shipyard workers to be exempted from forced labor and paying tribute. • Rafael de Izquierdo – replaced Gov. dela Torre and promptly discarded the liberal measures. • Lamadrid – leader of the mutiny
Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora – accused of alleged conspiracy in rebellion and was sentenced to death by garrote in Bagumbayan field on February 17, 1872.
Propaganda Movement • Meaning: A unified nationalist movement which aimed for reforms in the Philippines. • Aim: Peaceful assimilation, referring to the transition of the Philippines from being a colony to a province of Spain. • Assimilation – the move to make the Philippines a province of Spain and the granting of Spanish citizenship to Filipinos.
• Reforms: 1. Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws; • 2. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes. • 3. Secularization of Philippine parishes and the expulsion of the friars. • 4. human rights for Filipinos.
• Members: 1. Filipino exiles of 1872; • 2. Patriots who left the islands to escape persecution ; • 3. Those who have been to Spain for their studies. • Great Propagandist: • 1. Marcelo H. Del Pilar (1850-1896) great political analyst and journalist
• > established the first bilingual newspaper, the Diariong Tagalog. • > author of Dasalan and Tocsohan ( Prayers and Mockeries) , a manual of anticlerical commentary in the format of novena. • 2. Graciano Lopez Jaena ( 18561896) -the great orator • > He wrote Fray Botod or “Friar potbelly”
• 3. Jose Rizal – great thinker and writer • author of the socio- historical novel Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. • La Solidaridad ( solidarity) – a purely Filipino organization established in barcelona on December 31, 1888. • La solidaridad – a newspaper founded by Lopez Jaena to make
• Contributors: • 1. Marcelo del Pilar ( Plaridel) • 2. Dr. Jose Rizal ( Dimas Alang, Laong Laan) • 3. Mariano Ponce ( Naning, Kalipulako, Tigbalang) • 4. Antonio Luna ( Taga-Ilog)
La Liga Filipina • Founder : Dr. Jose Rizal • When: July 3, 1892 • Meaning: A sort of mutual aid and self-help society, dispensing scholarship funds and legal aid, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives. • Motto: Unus Instar Omnium ( “one like all”)
• Objectives: 1. Unification of the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body; • 2. protection in cases of want and necessity; • 3. Defense against violence and injustice; • 4. encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce;
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5. the study and implementation of reforms.
• Reasons why the reforms failed: • 1. Spanish high officials in Spain were too busy with their own problems to listen to the collective voice of the reformists. • 2. Lack of necessary financial means to make the campaign effective. • 3. Lack of unity among the reformist. • 4. friars in the Philippines had influential friends and supporters in Spain.
THE KATIPUNAN- (K.K.K.) • Date Founded: July 7, 1972 • Primary Objectives: Civic, political, and moral • Civic: based on the principle of self-help and the • •
defense of the weak and the poor. Political : Separation of the Philippines from Spain. Moral: Focused on the teaching of good manners, hygiene, and good moral character.
• The Katipunan Government: • Membership in the Katipunan • The Katipunan Elections
• The Katipunan Flags • The Teachings of the Katipunan 1. Kartilla • 2. Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan • • The Kalayaan • Twin Souls of the Katipunan: • 1. Andres Bonifacio ( Nov. 30, 1863-May 10, 1897) • 2. Emilio Jacinto- ( Dec. 15,1875- April 6,1899)
REVOLUTION OF 1896( The Katipunan Revolution) • • •
Discovery of the Katipunan ( August 19, 1896) Father mariano Gil Teodoro Patiño
• The Cry of Pugadlawin or Cry of Balintawak ( August 23,1896)
• Emilio Aguinaldo – Heneral Miong, his famous victory was in Imus when he defeated the Spanish army contingent on September 5, 1896.
• Rivalry in the Katipunan Magdiwang – favored the retention of the Katipunan • Magdalo – favored change in the Katipunan structure • • The Tejeros Convention ( March 22, 1897) • Acta de Tejeros ( Minutes of Tejeros) • Tejeros Resolution
• The Naic Military Pact • The Execution of Bonifacio • The Biak-Na-Bato Republic • The Spanish American War
• Causes: • 1. Cuban struggle for independence • 2. efforts of the Americans to extend influence overseas • 3. sinking of the U.S. warship Maine
