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CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Education is the process of facilitating, learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. It gives people the baseline skills to survive as adults in the world. From 1945 - 2011. Basic Education took ten years to complete-six years of elementary education and four years of high school education for children aged six up to sixteen. However, starting in the 2012 – 2013 school year, the education system of the Philippines was enhanced from the ten years of basic education to a 12-year program through an initiative called the K-12 Educational Plan sponsored by the Department of Education. The implementation of it is the key to our nation’s development. Prior to the implementation of the K -12
curriculum guide, the Philippines was one of only three countries in the world and the only one in Asia that has only 10 years in Basic Education. This has always been seen as disadvantage for our students who are competing in an increasingly global job market. The longer educational cycle of the K-12 curriculum is seen as critical in giving Filipino students a higher quality of education. While adaptation of K-12 scheme students are expected to graduate at age a bit older than the past graduates. This is an advantage according to the Department of Education, as graduates will be considered as young adults. K-12 system aims to improve Filipino students’ mathematical, scientific and linguistic competence. With the new
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curriculum, the Department of Education promised to offer higher quality education through tracks.
Theoretical Framework This study is related to Luke Dalton’s theory. Luke Daltons’ theo ry shows how senior high school students can put
motivational principles from self-determination theory into practice. To explain the `how to' their perception as of now, he answer seven frequently asked questions from students: What is your perception in adding two (2) years in basic education? How does your perception help you decide? Does your perception as a student mean permissiveness of the Kto12 curriculum? How would you encourage other students' in studying for two (2) more years? How could your perception help other students maintain their engagement? How would you solve motivational and behavioral problems using your perception as a student? How will you support the new curriculum using your perception? To answer these questions, we recommend the following classroom practices: take the students' perspective, display patience to allow time for learning, nurture inner motivational resources, provide explanatory rationales, rely on non controlling language, expand students’ knowledge about
Senior High school and acknowledge and accept expressions of negative effect. This study was anchored on the point of view and theories of the following wellknown authorities, which are closely relevant to the researchers’ study.
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Conceptual Framework
The following conceptual framework shown in figure II that has a three-part process undertook the focus of this study: the input, process, and output.
OUTPUT Listing of:
INPUT Students’ response in terms of: 1. School 2. Teachers 3. Finance 4. Environment 5. Parents and
PROCESS
*Students’ sources of information about K-
Gathering, tabulating,
12 program.
and analyzing
*Students’ reaction
respondents
about the
perceptions based on
implementation of the
a standardized
program.
instrument.
*How the students
Students’ perception
perceived the K-12
about Senior High
program in terms of
school
personal and students’ welfare.
FEEDBACK Input
–
These are the Department of Education orders,
Legal
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Basis, Related Literature and Theories.
Process – In the research process, this includes the students’ sources of
information about K- 12 program, students’ reaction about the implementation of the program. How the students perceived the K-12 program in terms of personal and students’ welfare. And the stu dents perceived problem regarding the
implementation of the program.
Output – This study identified the students’ reaction of K – 12 implementation
and the problems encountered in implementing this program, which can be used to improve for the better implementation of the K-12 program.
Statement of the Problem
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Specific Questions:
1.) What is your perception about Senior High school? 2.) How did you come up with that perception?
The study wants to know the perceptions of the students about the K-12 program. This is because K-12 program was just recently implemented in the Philippines.
Significance of the Study The purpose of this study is to examine the students’ knowledge,
experience and response about the new curriculum. It will encourage them to visualize their personal thoughts and visions, to work individualistically and find solutions on their own. And they will be getting lot of benefits; it broadens the goals of high school education for college preparation. Vocational and technical career opportunities, as well as creative sports, sports and entrepreneurial employment in a rapidly changing and increasingly globalized environment. The students are not the only one who’s getting benefit from it, but also the teachers, admins , parents
and the Philippines. They will be getting opportunities to expose themselves to new learning and teaching methods, which they eventually will impart to their students. The Department of Education has also improved the salaries of teachers, standardizing them with national rates, so that teachers will not worry about their subsistence but will focus more on upgrading their teaching and communication
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skills to students. Unlike the previous education system where parents need to wait until their children graduate from college or are 18 years, in the K-12 program will prepare students both employment and entrepreneurship. It will put Filipino students at par with the rest of the world. Truly, investing in education is the key toward reaching national growth and development.
Scope and Limitation
This study will be conducted at Holy Spirit Integrated School. Respondents are the Grade 11 students school year 2016 – 2017. The study will focus on the knowledge and response of the students on additional two years in Basic Education.
Definition of terms
For the better understanding of the research study, the researchers provided Definitions of the technical terms used in the study. The terms were operationally and contextually defined using the proper lexicons as follows.
Acquisition. Is the learning developing of a skill, habit or quality.
K-12. A term used in education and educational technology in the United States,
Canada, possibly in other countries, is a short form for the publicly supported
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school grades prior to college. These grades are Kindergarten (K). And the 1st through the 12 th grade (1-12).
Basic Education. Is an evolving program of instruction that is intended to provide
students with the opportunity to become responsible and respectful global citizens, to contribute to their economic well-being and that of their families and communities to explore and understand different perspectives, and to enjoy productive and satisfying lives.
Department of Education. Is the agency of the federal government that
establishes policy for, administers and coordinates most federal assistance to education.
Curriculum. The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.
Perception. The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the
senses.
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CHAPTER II Review Related Literature
Foreign Literature
The review of the literature provided several viewpoints on K-12. A literature review provided context for the proposed study and demonstrated why it was important and timely to study this phenomenon. A thoughtful and insightful review of related literature helped us gain an understanding about how educational reform has developed over the years (Marshall & Rossman, 2006). While educational transformation takes place at all different levels, a closer look was needed to address how students are describing their experiences with curriculum reform. Educational reform takes place at all different levels, a closer look was needed to address how students are describing their experiences with curriculum reform. Educational reform comes from different levels; national, state, and local initiatives can learn reform, and understanding the participants in these reforms was significant to this study. Additionally, the history of education reform is vital to understanding the impact curriculum had on local educators and students in the classroom. Recent years have witnessed vigorous and sustained efforts from policymakers to reform the quality of the classroom experience (Walshaw & Anthony, 2007). As education transformed over the last century, understanding the past movement of educational reform is a topic of this review.
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The history of reform and education leads us to our current reality, which is national legislation titled “No child, left behind,” enacted in 2002 under one
presidential administration followed by an historic federal stimulus initiative enacted under the 2009 American Resurgence and Recovery Act (ARRA). This initiative was to escalate the impact of federal reform efforts in specific areas, i.e: teacher and leader quality, standards and assessments, data to support instruction, and turning around the lowest achieving schools (Lips, 2010). This latest federal reform initiative awarded states that provided a solid researched-based and sustainable plan to address all four areas with a significant federal investment to expand and scale-up-and-state-level work already established and showing promise in the four target area. While this latest in a series of federal reform acts is too knew to discuss in terms of impact on student outcomes, it has already produced significant changes in state legislation to meet the prerequisites for states to be considered as viable applicants for funding awards. This review will discuss the legislative impact of this new federal initiative, called Race to the Top (RTTT) and link its four focus areas to NCLB and other federal reform acts. While the Obama administration has been busy rolling out its new version of educational reform under the RTTT position of ARRA, No Child Left Behind legislation remains in place, with the likelihood that the next of reauthorization activity will include some revisions to improve the alignment between NCLB and
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RTTT, thus this review took a closer look at No Child Left Behind and how this has directly impacted educational reform in the United States.
Local Literature
Marston (2011) conducted a related study about the perception of the students involved in Primary to Secondary School Transition Program. Transition programs of different programs and complexities based on both Australian and international research has been introduced in some schools to facilitate transition. The aims of this research was to investigate and compare the perception of the students, parents, and teachers involved in several of these programs and to examine the extent to which transition programs can alleviate issues associated with transition between primary and secondary schools. Although executive staff and teachers also provided valuable information and perceptions. Manalo (2012) conducted a study about the Enhanced K – 12 program as perceived by the parents of Grade Six pupils at Baao District, Baao Camarines Sur, School Year 2011-2012, this study is related to h researchers study because this focuses on the perception of students and reactions on K-12 implementation only differ on the respondents because this study has a wider respondents than the researchers’ study.
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Foreign Studies The students’ perceptions of their education environment have been studied
at all the levels of education system. 3, 4, 10, 13, 14 Because of the recent imperatives towards enhanced quality assessment monitoring and the commitment of the health profession education towards student-centered teaching and learning. We are witnessing a revival of interest in this field. 4, 6, 9 the accomplishment and contentment of students depends upon their learning environment. Learning environment research seeks to assess the students’ perceptions of their
environment and can guide medical teachers to introspect, devise, and incorporate the best teaching strategy for the improvement of the educational environment. Educational environment research assesses what is happening in a medical school: 14 it provides complete and detailed information on the education process, the result of which can be used to enhance students’ satisfaction and achievement. 3-7, 15
Local Studies
In our research 50% of the students think that K-12 makes the students live harder than it was. Their perception was against the new curriculum. They say that it doesn’t help them in anyway and they say that it is not necessarily important
because they thi nk that it doesn’t really help students decide what they want for college and it’s only a burden for them to study two more years in high school. The
other 50% of the students say otherwise, they agreed that it will help them to
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decide what course they will be taking in college and it will uplift the quality of lifestyle of the Filipino people. They believe that K-12 will help the Filipinos to be more successful.
Synthesis and Relevance of the Related Literature and Studies
The researchers believe that all literature and studies stated in this research is reliable and true. In Foreign Literature, it helped us gain an understanding about how educational reform has developed over the years. It comes from different levels; national, state, and local initiatives. The history of it is vital to understanding the impact curriculum had on local educators and students in the classroom. In Local Literature, The researchers’ aim was to investigate and compare the
perception of the students, parents, and teachers involved in several of these programs and to examine the extent to which transition programs can alleviate issues associated with transition between primary and secondary schools. In Local Studies, 50% of the perception of the students think that k-12 program is only a burden and does not help them to decide what they want for college while the other 50% agrees that k-12 program helps them to decide and helps the Filipinos to uplift the quality of lifestyles Secondly, Foreign Studies states that the perceptions of the students changes by their surroundings or environment.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The chapter represents the research design of the study, research locale, instrument, and statistical treatment of the data issued in the study
Research Design
The survey method was used in the study. This method was used in order to gather data from students; the research outputs were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted to achieve the research outputs.
Research Locale
The research study was conducted at Holy Spirit Integrated School. This was The chosen location since the conducted research was limited to be only inside of the school grounds.
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Table 1 The Number of Sample Respondents per Section
Sections
Number of Students
Percentage
Number of Respondents
Ephesus
25
53.25%
25
Euphrates
20
46.75%
20
Total
45
100%
45
Description of the Respondents
This study involved one class of respondents: Grade 11 students of Holy Spirit Integrated School who are enrolled for the academic year 2016 – 2017.
1. Student’s Profile
The profile of every respondent with respect to their age and gender are presented in the succeeding tables from Tables 2 to 3, Which shows the frequency (F) and the percentage distribution (P) of the respondent’s answer.
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Table 2 shows the Distribution of Respondents According to Age Table 2 Distribution of Respondents According to Age
Age
Frequency
Percentage
16
11
24.44%
17
14
31.11%
18
15
33.33%
19
5
11.12%
Total
45
100%
Table 2 shows that the majority or 33.33% of the respondents aged 18 years old. 16 years old are 24.44% and 17 years old are 13.79% of the population. The remaining 11.12% of the population is at age 19 years old.
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Table 3 shows the Distribution of Respondents According to Gender Table 3 Distribution of Respondents According to Gender
Sections
Number of Students
Percentage
Male
20
46.55%
Female
25
53.46%
Total
45
100%
Table 3 shows that the majority of the respondents are composed of females, the percentage being 53.45%. While male respondents make about 46.55%.
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The consolidated points from the respondents’ answer to each item over a
five-point scale were as follows:
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data gathered were tallied, analyzed, and interpreted using certain statistical tools. 1. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution. The frequency of an item refers to the total number of respondents who favored a particular item over another given item. Percentage Distribution refers to a fraction or ratio of an item with 100 understood as the denominator. This is computed by using the following formula: % = fN x 100 Where: % = Percentage
f = Frequency N = Number of respondents
2. Weighted Mean. The Weighted Mean determines the average response of the different options provide in the various parts of the survey questionnaire used (Salvador, Baysa, and Fua – Geronimo 2008)
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The formula used is: X = ∑
Where: X = Weighted Mean ∑ = the sum of all products of f and x, f being the frequency of each weight and
x as the weight of the operation. n = total number of respondents
