S0300-A8-HBK-010
APPENDIX E ENGINEER’S TABLES
The following tables list physical physical properties of water and mechanical properties of common shipbuilding shipbuilding and structural materials, along with section properties properties of steel structural shapes. shapes. For stowage factors of common materials, materials, see Appendix E of U.S. Navy Ship Salvage Manual, Volume 1 (S0300-A6-MAN-010); for trigonometric functions and roots of numbers, see Appendix D of the U.S. Navy Ship Salvage Manual, Volume 1 .
Table E-1. Water Water Factors (at point point of greatest density - 39.2 °F). °F).
1 cubic foot
Seawater (γ g = 1.025)
Fresh water (γ g = 1.000)
= =
63.99 64 .02857 29.025 .03703 1.025 1,025 1.009 2,260 8.554 3.88 10.2 0.27 4.66 379.33 162.96 27.006 .01563 .1169 .0974 35.008 35 261.88 218.07
62.426 62.4 .02787 28.3 .036124 1.0 1,000 0.984 2,205 8.345 3.78 10.0 10.022 4.55 350.37 158.9 26.68 .01602 .1198 .0998 35.883 36 268.423 223.516
=
0.991
1.016
= = = = = =
6.23 31.26 233.8 194.7 34.45 257.73
6.39 32.04 239.6 199.6 35.33 264.26
=
214.6
220.04
= =
0.976 6.1
1.0 6.26
= ≈
= = 1 cubic inch = 1 cubic meter (kiloliter) = = = = 1 U.S. gallon = = 1 Eng English lish ((IImp mpeeria rial) gallon l on = = 1 barrel = = 1 pound = = = = 1 long ton = ≈
1 short ton
1 tonne
Table E-2. Temperatur Temperature e and Pressure Pressure Effects on Water Density. Density.
Density of Fresh Water as a Function of Temperature at Atmospheric Pressure pounds pounds long tons kilograms pounds tonne kg long ton pounds pounds kilograms poun pounds ds kilograms po pounds kilograms cubic inches cubic feet U.S. gallons English gallons cubic feet cubic feet U.S. gal lons E ng nglis h gall on ons Cubic meters (kiloliters) barrels cubic feet U.S. gallons English gallons cubic feet U.S. gallons English (Imperial) gallons cubic meters barrels
1 cubic foot of ice ≈ 57.2 pounds 1 pound of steam occupies 26.8 cubic feet at atmospheric pressure 1 cubic inch of water makes approximately 1 cubic foot of steam at atmospheric pressure (1 gallon makes approximately 200 cubic feet) 500 pounds of fresh water per hour ≈ 1 gallon per minute
Temp Temper erat atur ure e
Spec Specif ific ic Gravity
Density lb/ft³
Spec Specif ific ic Gravity
Density lb/ft³
32
0.99987
104
0.99224
61.9428
2
35.6
42
107.6
0.99147
61.894
4
62.4266
44
111.2
0.99066
61.844
0.99997
62.4246
46
114.8
0.98982
61.791
46.4
0.99988
62.4189
48
118.4
0.98896
61.737
10
50
0.99973
62.4096
50
122
0.98807
61.682
12
53.6
0.99952
62.3969
52
125.6
0.98715
61.624
14
57.2
0.99927
62.3811
54
129.2
0.98621
61.566
16
60.8
0.99897
62.3623
56
132.8
0.98524
61.505
18
64.4
0.99862
62.3407
58
136.4
0.98425
61.443
20
68
0.99823
62.3164
60
140
0.98324
61.380
22
71.6
0.99780
62.2894
62
143.6
0.98220
61.315
24
75.2
0.99732
62.2598
64
147.2
0.98113
61.249
26
78.8
0.99681
62.2278
66
150.8
0.98005
61.181
28
82.4
0.99626
62.1934
68
154.4
0.97894
61.112
30
86
0.99567
62.1568
70
158
0.97781
61.041
32
89.6
0.99505
62.1179
72
161.6
0.97666
60.970
34
93.2
0.99440
62.0770
74
165.2
0.97548
60.896
°C
°F
0
Temp Temper erat atur ure e °C
°F
62.4183
40
0.99997
62.4246
39.2
1.00000
6
42.8
8
36
96.8
0.99371
62.0341
76
168.8
0.97428
60.821
38
100.4
0.99299
61.9893
78
172.4
0.97307
60.745
Relative Volume of Water as a Function of Pressure and Temperature Temperature °C
°F
Pressure in atmospheres 0
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
0
32
1.0000
0.9769
0.9566
0.9223
0.8954
0.8739
20
68
1.0016
0.9804
0.9619
0.9312
0.9065
0.8855
50
122
1.0128
0.9915
0.9732
0.9428
0.9183
0.8974
80
176
1.0287
1.0071
0.9884
0.9568
0.9315
0.9097
E-1
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-3. Mechanical Mechanical Properties Properties of Steel and Aluminum Alloy for Navy Ships. Ships. Steel Designation
Yield strength lb/in2
Tensile Strength lb/in2
Medium Steel (MS), Ordinary Steel (OS)
34,000
60,000
High-Tensile Steel (HTS), High-Strength Steel (HS)
47,000
72,000
HY-80
80,000
100,000
MIL-S-16216 (plate) MIL-S-22958 (shapes)
HY-100
100,000
115,000
MIL-S-16216 (plate) MIL-S-22958 (shapes)
Specification MIL-S-22698 (plate) MIL-S-20166 (shapes) MIL-S-16113 (plate) MIL-S-20116 (shapes)
High-Yield Steel
Aluminum Alloy Yield strength lb/in2
Designation
Tensile Strength lb/in2
Specification
Base Metal
Weld
Plate: 5052-H34
26,000
20,000
34,000
5086-H32 5086-H116
28,000 28,000
22,000 22,000
40,000 40,000
QQ-A-250/19 "
5086-H117 5454-H34 5456-H111
28,000 29,000 33,000
22,000 16,000 26,000
40,000 39,000 46,000
" QQ-A-250/10 QQ-A-250/20
5456-H116 5456-H117
33,000 33,000
26,000 26,000
46,000 46,000
21,000 19,000 26,000
16,000 16,000 21,000
36,000 33,000 42,000
28,000 14,000
22,000 14,000
40,000 35,000
" "
Shapes: 5086-H111 5454-H111 5456-H111
QQ-A-200/5 QQ-A-220/6 QQ-A-200/7
Tubing: 5086-H32 5086-O
Table E-4. Typical Typical Mechanical Mechanical Constants Constants of Metals. Metals.
Steel: Cold-rolled Cast Stainless (18-8) All others, including high carbon and heat treated Aluminum alloys wrought cast Titanium Monel Inconel Cast iron Malleable iron Copper Brass (70-30) Phosphor bronze Tobin bronze, hard Beryllium copper Magnesium alloys
E-2
E Elastic Modulus 1,000,000 psi
G Shear Modulus 1,000,000 psi
K Bulk Modulus 1,000,000 psi
29.5 28.5 27.6 28.6-30.0 9.9-10.3
11.5 11.3 10.6 11.0-11.9 3.7-3.9
23.1 20.2 23.6 22.6-24.0 9.9-10.2
15-16 25.0 31 13.5-21.0 23.6 15.6 15.9 15.9 13.8 17 6.3
6. 6 .5 9.5 11 11 5.2-8.2 9.3 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.1 7 2.5
22.5 8.4-15.5 17.2 17.9 15.7 16.3 16.3 4.8
µ
Poisson’s Ratio
0.287 0.265 0.305 0.283-0.292 0.330-0.334
0. 3 4 0.315 0.27-0.38 0.211-0.299 0.271 0.355 0.331 0.359 0.359 0.281
σu
Tensile Strength 1,000 psi
Fatigue limit 1,000 psi
60-150 60-80
25 25-75 24-32
44-200
16-80
25-70 18-40 91 70-120
8-18 6-11 45 20-50
20-50 50 32-50 25-75 55 65 20-45
6-18 24 12-17 7-20 12 21 7-17
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-5. Mechanical Properties of Commercial Steels.
Designation
Thickness range
Yield strength lb/in2
Tensile Strength lb/in2
Structural steel for ships
Designation
Thickness range
Yield strength lb/in2
Ultimate (Tensile) Strength lb/in2
High-strength low alloy steels
ASTM A131 (all grades)
-
34,000
58-71,000
Structural Carbon Steel ASTM A36
to 4 in.
36,000
58-80,000
ASTM A7
all
33,000
60-75,000
ASTM A373
to 4 in.
32,000
ASTM A242
to 3 ⁄ 4 in.
50,000
70,000
ASTM A440
to 3 ⁄ 4 in.
50,000
70,000
⁄ 4 to 1 ⁄ 2 in.
46,000
67,000
to 3 ⁄ 4 in.
50,000
70,000
1
1 ⁄ 2 to 4 in.
42,000
63,000
3
ASTM A441
58-75,000
ASTM A283
1
ASTM A572
Grade A
all
24,000
45,000
Grade 42
to 4 in.
42,000
60,000
Grade B
all
27,000
50,000
Grade 45
to 1 1 ⁄ 2 in.
45,000
60,000
1
Grade C
all
30,000
55,000
Grade 50
to 1 ⁄ 2 in.
50,000
65,000
Grade D
all
33,000
60,000
Grade 55
to 1 1 ⁄ 2 in.
55,000
70,000
Grade 60
to 1 in.
60,000
75,000
ASTM A284 Grade A
to 12 in.
25,000
50,000
Grade 65
to 1 ⁄ 2 in.
65,000
80,000
Grade B
to 12 in.
23,000
55,000
ASTM 588
to 4 in.
50,000
70,000
Grade C
to 12 in.
21,000
60,000
SAE J410b
Grade D
to 8 in.
21,000
60,000
Grade 42X
to 3 ⁄ 8 in.
42,000
60,000
ASTM A285 Grade A
to 2 in.
24,000
44-55,000
3
Grade 945X
to ⁄ 8 in.
45,000
60,000
Grade 945A, C
to 1 ⁄ 2 in.
45,000
65,000
3
Grade B
"
27,000
50-60,000
Grade 950X
to ⁄ 8 in.
50,000
65,000
Grade C
"
30,000
55-65,000
Grade 950A, B, C, D
to 11 ⁄ 2 in.
50,000
70,000
ASTM A113 Grade A
all
33,000
60-72,000
3
Grade 955X
to ⁄ 8 in.
55,000
70,000
Grade 960X
to 3 ⁄ 8 in.
60,000
75,000
3
Grade B
all
27,000
50-62,000
Grade 965X
to ⁄ 8 in.
65,000
80,000
Grade C
all
26,000
48-58,000
Grade 970X
to 3 ⁄ 8 in.
70,000
85,000
80,000
95,000
Grade 980X
Heat-treated constructional alloy ASTM A514
3
to ⁄ 8 in.
to 21 ⁄ 2 in.
100,000
115-135,000
Stainless steels (nominal properties)
21 ⁄ 2 to 4 in.
90,000
105-135,000
AISI 302, annealed
40,000
90,000
AISI 302, 1 ⁄ 4 hard
75,000
125,000
Cold-drawn steels (average strengths) AISI 1010
55,000
67,000
AISI 302, cold drawn
to 350,000
AISI 1015
60,300
71,000
AISI 316, annealed
AISI 1020
63,700
75,000
AISI 316, cold-drawn
AISI 1025
68,000
80,000
AISI 440A, annealed
60,000
105,000
AISI 1030
73,900
87,000
AISI 440A, tempered
270,000
280,000
AISI 1035
78,200
92,000
AISI 440B, annealed
62,000
107,000
AISI 1040
82,400
97,000
AISI 440B, tempered
270,000
280,000
AISI 1045
86,600
102,000
AISI 440C, annealed
65,000
110,000
AISI 1117
68,000
80,000
AISI 440C, tempered
275,000
285,000
AISI 1118
70,100
82,500
AISI 442, annealed
45,000
80,000
AISI 1137
89,200
105,000
AISI 501, annealed
30,000
70,000
AISI 1141
95,200
112,000
AISI 502, annealed
30,000
70,000
30,000
80,000 to 350,000
E-3
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Steel Structural Shapes. In the United States, dimensional and material property specifications for steel plate, bar, and structural shapes are given by ASTM standard A6/A6M, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Steel Plates, Shapes, Sheet Piling and Bars for Structural Use . The shape dimensions and properties in the following tables are excerpted from ASTM Standard A6/A6M and/or the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Eighth Edition .
Structural shapes (other than angles) are identified by letter designations followed by numbers giving nominal depth and weight per linear foot. Shape cross sections are illustrated in the tables giving dimensions and properties, and described below:
•
"W" shapes are doubly symmetric, wide-flange shapes with inside flange surfaces essentially parallel, produced primarily for use as beams and columns. The profiles of W shapes from different manufacturers are nearly the same except for the size of the fillets between the web and flanges. A shape with dimensions and weight approximately the same as a W shape but with inside flanges not parallel can be considered a W shape if the average flange thickness is essentially the same as the flange thickness of the W shape. The larger W shapes were formerly called wide flange beams, designated by the symbol WF inserted between the nominal depth and weight per foot, (e.g., 24 WF 76), while smaller sizes were called light beams, designated by the letter "B" (14 B 26).
•
"HP" shapes are wide-flange shapes with flanges and webs of the same nominal thickness, depth and width essentially equal, and essentially parallel flange surfaces, produced primarily for use as bearing piles. The profiles of HP shapes from different manufacturers are essentially the same. HP shapes were formerly called bearing piles, designated by the letters BP (14 BP 73).
•
"S" shapes are doubly symmetric, flanged shapes produced to dimensional standards adopted in 1896 by the association of American Steel Manufacturers for American Standard beam shapes. The inside flange surfaces have an approximate 16 2 ⁄ 3 percent (2 inches in 12) slope. S shapes were formerly called standard I-beams, designated by the letter "I" inserted between the nominal depth and weight per foot (24 I 100).
•
American Standard Channels are designated by the letter "C" and are produced to dimensional standards adopted in 1896 by the association of American Steel Manufacturers for American Standard channels. The inside flange surfaces have an approximate 162 ⁄ 3 percent (2 inches in 12) slope.
•
Angles consist of two flanges (legs), of equal or unequal length, meeting at a right angle, and are designated by the letter "L." The profiles of angles from different manufacturers are essentially the same except for the size of the fillets between the legs and the shape of the ends of the legs. Angles are designated L shapes are designated by numbers giving length of each leg and nominal thickness of the legs in inches, as 6 × 6 × 5 ⁄ 8. Angles were formerly indicated by the symbol ∠.
•
The letter "M" designates doubly symmetric shapes that cannot be classed as W, HP, or S shapes. Similarly, "MC" designates channels that cannot be classed as Standard Channels (C shapes).
•
Structural Tees are formed by splitting the web of W, S, or M shapes and are designated by the letter for the shape from which they are cut followed by a T (WT, ST, or MT). Although Tees can be formed by off-center or scalloped cuts, or by cutting along two lines, the tables in this handbook are for Tees with depth equal to one-half the tabulated base beam depth.
The maximum length of shapes varies with producers, but is generally on the order of 60 to 75 feet. Structural shapes and plate (to 8-inch thickness) are generally formed from ASTM A36 carbon steel, although ASTM A529, A441, A572, A242, A588, and A514 steels are also used in some sizes. To reduce bulk, the following tables reproduce only external dimensions, web and flange thicknesses, and structural section properties. Not all standard sizes are included for all shapes. Properties for shapes not included can be interpolated from the tables with fair accuracy. Given the designation (nominal depth and weight per foot) interpolated values of cross-sectional area, A, are accurate to two decimal places. Within groups of shapes with the same nominal depth, there are subgroupings with the same nominal flange width. Interpolated values of I, Z, and J within groups with the same nominal flange width are accurate to within 2 percent. Standard dimensional specifications for structural shapes (and the resulting structural properties) have changed several times in the past. Shapes used in older ships or from old stock may not match precisely the shapes given in the following tables or listed in the current edition of ASTM Standard A6/A6M or the AISC Manual of Steel Construction , although properties for the next smaller shape or a shape with approximately the same section area can be used for conservative estimates.
E-4
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-6. Dimensions and Properties of W Shapes.
tf
d
Y
X
X
tw Y bf
Flange
Designation (Nominal depth × weight per linear foot)
Depth in.
in. × lbs W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Web Thickness in.
Width in.
Elastic Properties
Thickness in.
Area in2
Axis X-X
Axis Y-Y
I in4
SM in3
I in4
SM in3
Torsional Constant J in4
Plastic Moduli Z X
Z Y
in3
in3
36×300
36.74
0.945
16.655
1.680
88.3
20300
1110
1300
156
64.2
1260
241
36×260
36.26
0.840
16.550
1.440
76.5
17300
953
1090
132
41.5
1080
204
36×230
35.90
0.760
16.470
1.260
67.6
15000
837
940
114
28.6
943
176
36×210
36.69
0.830
12.180
1.360
61.8
13200
719
411
67.5
28.0
833
107
36×182
36.33
0.725
12.075
1.180
53.6
11300
623
347
57.6
18.4
718
90.7
36×160
36.01
0.650
12.000
1.020
47.0
9750
542
295
49.1
12.4
624
77.3
36×135
35.55
0.600
11.950
0.790
39.7
7800
439
225
37.7
6.99
509
59.7 182
33×241
34.18
0.830
15.860
1.400
70.9
14200
829
932
118
35.8
939
33×201
33.68
0.715
15.745
1.150
59.1
11500
684
749
95.2
20.5
772
147
33×152
33.49
0.635
11.565
1.055
44.7
8160
487
273
47.2
12.4
559
73.9
33×118
32.86
0.550
11.480
0.740
34.7
5900
359
187
32.6
5.30
415
51.3
30×211
30.94
0.775
15.105
1.315
62.0
10300
663
757
100
27.9
749
154
30×173
30.44
0.655
14.985
1.065
50.8
8200
539
598
79.8
15.3
605
123
30×132
30.31
0.615
10.545
1.000
38.9
5770
380
196
37.2
9.72
437
58.4
30×116
30.01
0.565
10.495
0.850
34.2
4930
329
164
31.3
6.43
378
49.2
30× 99
29.65
0.520
10.450
0.670
29.1
3990
269
128
24.5
3.77
312
38.6
27×178
27.81
0.725
14.085
1.190
52.3
6990
502
555
78.8
19.5
567
122
27×146
27.38
0.605
13.965
0.975
42.9
5630
411
443
63.5
10.9
461
97.5
27×114
27.29
0.570
10.070
0.930
33.5
4090
299
159
31.5
7.33
343
49.3
27× 84
26.71
0.460
9.960
0.640
24.8
2850
213
106
21.2
2.81
244
33.2
24×162
25.00
0.705
12.955
1.220
47.7
5170
414
443
68.4
18.5
468
105
24×131
24.48
0.605
12.855
0.960
38.5
4020
329
340
53.0
9.50
370
81.5
24×104
24.06
0.500
12.750
0.750
30.6
3100
258
259
40.7
4.72
289
62.4
24× 94
24.31
0.515
9.065
0.875
27.7
2700
222
109
24.0
5.26
254
37.5
24× 68
23.73
0.415
8.965
0.585
20.1
1830
154
70.4
15.7
1.87
177
24.5
24× 62
23.74
0.430
7.040
0.590
18.2
1550
131
34.5
9.80
1.71
153
15.7
24× 55
23.57
0.395
7.005
0.505
16.2
1350
114
29.1
8.30
1.18
134
13.3
21×147
22.06
0.720
12.510
1.150
43.2
3630
329
376
60.1
15.4
373
92.6
21×122
21.68
0.600
12.390
0.960
35.9
2960
273
305
49.2
8.98
307
75.6
21×101
21.36
0.500
12.290
0.800
29.8
2420
227
248
40.3
5.21
253
61.7
21× 93
21.62
0.580
8.420
0.930
27.3
2070
192
92.9
22.1
6.03
221
34.7
21× 73
21.24
0.455
8.295
0.740
21.5
1600
151
70.6
17.0
3.02
172
26.6
21× 62
20.99
0.400
8.240
0.615
18.3
1330
127
57.5
13.9
1.83
144
21.7
21× 57
21.06
0.405
6.555
0.650
16.7
1170
111
30.6
9.35
1.77
129
14.8
21× 44
20.66
0.350
6.500
0.450
13.0
843
81.6
20.7
6.36
0.77
95.4
10.2
18×119
18.97
0.655
11.265
1.060
35.1
2190
231
253
44.9
10.6
261
69.1
18× 97
18.59
0.535
11.145
0.870
28.5
1750
188
201
36.1
5.86
211
55.3
18× 76
18.21
0.425
11.035
0.680
22.3
1330
146
152
27.6
2.83
163
42.2
18× 71
18.47
0.495
7.635
0.810
20.8
1170
127
60.3
15.8
3.48
145
24.7
18× 60
18.24
0.415
7.555
0.695
17.6
984
108
50.1
13.3
2.17
123
20.6
18× 50
17.99
0.355
7.495
0.570
14.7
800
88.9
40.1
10.7
1.24
101
16.6
18× 46
18.06
0.360
6.060
0.605
13.5
712
78.8
22.5
7.43
1.22
90.7
11.7
18× 35
17.70
0.300
6.000
0.425
10.3
510
57.6
15.3
5.12
0.51
66.5
8.06
E-5
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-6 (Continued). Dimensions and Properties of W Shapes. Designation (Nominal Depth × weight per linear foot)
in. × lbs W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W W
E-6
16×100 16× 67 16× 57 16× 45 16× 36 16× 31 16× 26 14×730 14×550 14×455 14×398 14×311 14×257 14×176 14×145 14×132 14× 90 14× 82 14× 61 14× 53 14× 43 14× 38 14× 30 14× 26 14× 22 12×336 12×252 12×190 12×136 12× 96 12× 79 12× 65 12× 58 12× 53 12× 50 12× 40 12× 35 12× 26 12× 22 12× 14 10×112 10× 88 10× 60 10× 49 10× 45 10× 33 10× 30 10× 22 10× 19 10× 12 8× 67 8× 31 8× 28 8× 24 8× 21 8× 18 8× 15 8× 10 6× 25 6× 15 6× 16 6× 9 5× 19 5× 16 4× 13
Flange Depth in. 16.97 16.33 16.43 16.13 15.86 15.88 15.69 22.42 20.24 19.02 18.29 17.12 16.38 15.22 14.78 14.66 14.02 14.31 13.89 13.92 13.66 14.10 13.84 13.91 13.74 16.82 15.41 14.38 13.41 12.71 12.38 12.12 12.19 12.06 12.19 11.94 12.50 12.22 12.31 11.91 11.36 10.84 10.22 9.98 10.10 9.73 10.47 10.17 10.24 9.87 9.00 8.00 8.06 7.93 8.28 8.14 8.11 7.89 6.38 5.99 6.28 5.90 5.15 5.01 4.16
Web Thickness in. 0.585 0.395 0.430 0.345 0.295 0.275 0.250 3.070 2.380 2.015 1.770 1.410 1.175 0.830 0.680 0.645 0.440 0.510 0.375 0.370 0.305 0.310 0.270 0.255 0.230 1.775 1.395 1.060 0.790 0.550 0.470 0.390 0.360 0.345 0.370 0.295 0.300 0.230 0.260 0.200 0.755 0.605 0.420 0.340 0.350 0.290 0.300 0.240 0.250 0.190 0.570 0.285 0.285 0.245 0.250 0.230 0.245 0.170 0.320 0.230 0.260 0.170 0.270 0.240 0.280
Width in. 10.425 10.235 7.120 7.035 6.985 5.525 5.500 17.890 17.200 16.835 16.590 16.230 15.995 15.650 15.500 14.725 14.520 10.130 9.995 8.060 7.995 6.770 6.730 5.025 5.000 13.385 13.005 12.670 12.400 12.160 12.080 12.000 10.010 9.995 8.080 8.005 6.560 6.490 4.030 3.970 10.415 10.265 10.080 10.000 8.020 7.960 5.810 5.750 4.020 3.960 8.280 7.995 6.535 6.495 5.270 5.250 4.015 3.940 6.080 5.990 4.030 3.940 5.030 5.000 4.060
Elastic Properties
Thickness in. 0.985 0.665 0.715 0.565 0.430 0.440 0.345 4.910 3.820 3.210 2.845 2.260 1.890 1.310 1.090 1.030 0.710 0.855 0.645 0.660 0.530 0.515 0.385 0.420 0.335 2.955 2.250 1.735 1.250 0.900 0.735 0.605 0.640 0.575 0.640 0.515 0.520 0.380 0.425 0.225 1.250 0.990 0.680 0.560 0.620 0.435 0.510 0.360 0.395 0.210 0.935 0.435 0.465 0.400 0.400 0.330 0.315 0.205 0.455 0.260 0.405 0.215 0.430 0.360 0.345
Area in2 29.4 19.7 16.8 13.3 10.6 9.12 7.68 215.0 162.0 134.0 117.0 91.4 75.6 51.8 42.7 38.8 26.5 24.1 17.9 15.6 12.6 11.2 8.85 7.69 6.49 98.8 74.1 55.8 39.9 28.2 23.2 19.1 17.0 15.6 14.7 11.8 10.3 7.65 6.48 4.16 32.9 25.9 17.6 14.4 13.3 9.71 8.84 6.49 5.62 3.54 19.7 9.13 8.25 7.08 6.16 5.26 4.44 2.96 7.34 4.43 4.74 2.68 5.54 4.68 3.83
Axis X-X I
in4 1490 954 758 586 448 375 301 14300 9430 7190 6000 4330 3400 2140 1710 1530 999 882 640 541 428 385 291 245 199 4060 2720 1890 1240 833 662 533 475 425 394 310 285 204 156 88.6 716 534 341 272 248 170 170 118 96.3 53.8 272 110 98.0 82.8 75.3 61.9 48.0 30.8 53.4 29.1 32.1 16.4 26.2 21.3 11.3
Axis Y-Y SM in3 175 117 92.2 72.7 56.5 47.2 38.4 1280 931 756 656 506 415 281 232 209 143 123 92.2 77.8 62.7 54.6 42.0 35.3 29.0 483 353 263 186 131 107 87.9 78.0 70.6 64.7 51.9 45.6 33.4 25.4 14.9 126 98.5 66.7 54.6 49.1 35.0 32.4 23.2 18.8 10.9 60.4 27.5 24.3 20.9 18.2 15.2 11.8 7.81 16.7 9.72 10.2 5.56 10.2 8.51 5.46
I
in4 186 119 43.1 32.8 24.5 12.4 9.59 4720 3250 2560 2170 1610 1290 838 677 548 362 148 107 57.7 45.2 26.7 19.6 8.91 7.00 1190 828 589 398 270 216 174 107 95.8 56.3 44.1 24.5 17.3 4.66 2.36 236 179 116 93.4 53.4 36.6 16.7 11.4 4.29 2.18 88.6 37.1 21.7 18.3 9.77 7.97 3.41 2.09 17.1 9.32 4.43 2.19 9.13 7.51 3.86
SM in3 35.7 23.2 12.1 9.34 7.0 4.49 3.49 527 378 304 262 199 161 107 87.3 74.5 49.9 29.3 21.5 14.3 11.3 7.88 5.82 3.54 2.80 177 127 93 64.2 44.4 35.8 29.1 21.4 19.2 13.9 11.0 7.47 5.34 2.31 1.19 45.3 34.8 23.0 18.7 13.3 9.20 5.75 3.97 2.14 1.10 21.4 9.27 6.63 5.63 3.71 3.04 1.70 1.06 5.61 3.11 2.20 1.11 3.63 3.00 1.90
Torsional Constant J in4 7.73 2.39 2.22 1.11 0.54 0.46 0.26 1450 670 395 273 136 79.1 26.5 15.2 12.3 4.06 5.08 2.20 1.94 1.05 0.80 0.38 0.36 0.21 243 108 48.8 18.5 6.86 3.84 2.18 2.10 1.58 1.78 0.95 0.74 0.30 0.29 0.07 15.1 7.53 2.48 1.39 1.51 0.58 0.62 0.24 0.23 0.06 5.06 0.54 0.54 0.35 0.28 0.17 0.14 0.04 0.46 0.10 0.22 0.04 0.31 0.19 0.15
Plastic Moduli Z X
Z Y
in3
in3
198 130 105 82.3 64.0 54.0 44.2 1660 1180 936 801 603 487 320 260 234 157 139 102 87.1 69.6 61.5 47.3 40.2 33.2 603 428 311 214 147 119 96.8 86.4 77.9 72.4 57.5 51.2 37.2 29.3 17.4 147 113 74.6 60.4 54.9 38.8 36.6 26.0 21.6 12.6 70.2 30.4 27.2 23.2 20.4 17.0 13.6 8.87 18.9 10.8 11.7 6.23 11.6 9.59 6.28
54.9 35.5 18.9 14.5 10.8 7.03 5.48 816 583 468 402 304 246 163 133 113 75.6 44.8 32.8 22.0 17.3 12.1 8.99 5.54 4.39 274 196 143 98 67.5 54.3 44.1 32.5 29.1 21.4 16.8 11.5 8.17 3.66 1.90 69.2 53.1 35.0 28.3 20.3 14.0 8.84 6.10 3.35 1.74 32.7 14.1 10.1 8.57 5.69 4.66 2.67 1.66 8.56 4.75 3.39 1.72 5.53 4.57 2.92
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-7. Dimensions and Properties of Structural Tees Cut from W Shapes (WT).
bf tf
Y
y X
X
d
tw
Y
Designation
Depth
(Nominal Depth × weight per foot)
in. × lbs WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
in.
Stem Thickness
Flange
Elastic Properties Area
Axis X-X
Axis Y-Y
in.
Width in.
Thickness in.
in
I in4
SM in3
y in
I in4
SM in3
2
18 × 150
18.370
0.945
16.655
1.680
44.1
1230
86.1
4.13
648
77.8
18 × 130
18.130
0.840
16.550
1.440
38.2
1060
75.1
4.05
545
65.9
18 × 115
17.950
0.760
16.470
1.260
33.8
934
67.0
4.01
470
57.1
18 × 105
18.345
0.830
12.180
1.360
30.9
985
73.1
4.87
206
33.8
18 × 91
18.165
0.725
12.075
1.180
26.8
845
63.1
4.77
174
28.8
18 × 80
18.005
0.650
12.000
1.020
23.5
740
55.8
4.74
147
24.6
18 × 67.5
17.775
0.600
11.950
0.790
19.9
636
49.7
4.96
113
18.9
16.5 × 120.5
17.090
0.830
15.860
1.400
35.4
871
65.8
3.85
466
58.8
16.5 × 100.5
16.840
0.715
15.745
1.150
29.5
725
55.5
3.78
375
47.6
16.5 × 76
16.745
0.635
11.565
1.055
22.4
592
47.4
4.26
136
23.6
16.5 × 59
16.430
0.550
11.480
0.740
17.3
469
39.2
4.47
93.6
16.3
15 × 105.5
15.470
0.775
15.105
1.315
31.0
610
50.5
3.40
378
50.1
15 × 86.5
15.220
0.655
14.985
1.065
25.4
497
41.7
3.31
299
39.9
15 × 66
15.155
0.615
10.545
1.000
19.4
421
37.4
3.90
98.0
18.6
15 × 58
15.005
0.565
10.495
0.850
17.1
373
33.7
3.94
82.1
15.7
15 × 49.5
14.825
0.520
10.450
0.670
14.5
322
30.0
4.09
63.9
12.2
13.5 × 89
13.905
0.725
14.085
1.190
26.1
414
38.2
3.05
278
39.4
13.5 × 73
13.690
0.605
13.965
0.975
21.5
336
31.2
2.95
222
31.7
13.5 × 57
13.645
0.570
10.070
0.930
16.8
289
28.3
3.42
79.4
15.8
13.5 × 42
13.355
0.460
9.960
0.640
12.4
216
21.9
3.48
52.8
10.6
12 × 81
12.500
0.705
12.955
1.220
23.9
293
29.9
2.70
221
34.2
12 × 65.5
12.240
0.605
12.855
0.960
19.3
238
24.8
2.65
170
26.5
12 × 52
12.030
0.500
12.750
0.750
15.3
189
20.0
2.59
130
20.3
12 × 47
12.155
0.515
9.065
0.875
13.8
186
20.3
2.99
54.5
12.0
12 × 34
11.865
0.415
8.965
0.585
10.0
137
15.6
3.06
35.2
7.85
12 × 31
11.870
0.430
7.040
0.590
9.11
131
15.6
3.46
17.2
4.90
12 × 27.5
11.785
0.395
7.005
0.505
8.10
117
14.1
3.50
14.5
4.15
10.5 × 73.5
11.030
0.720
12.510
1.150
21.6
204
23.7
2.39
188
30.0
10.5 × 61
10.840
0.600
12.390
0.960
17.9
166
19.3
2.28
152
24.6
10.5 × 50.5
10.680
0.500
12.290
0.800
14.9
135
15.8
2.18
124
20.2
10.5 × 46.5
10.810
0.580
8.420
0.930
13.7
144
17.9
2.74
46.4
11.0
10.5 × 36.5
10.620
0.455
8.295
0.740
10.7
110
13.8
2.60
35.3
8.51
10.5 × 31
10.495
0.400
8.240
0.615
9.13
93.8
11.9
2.58
28.7
6.97
10.5 × 28.5
10.530
0.405
6.555
0.650
8.37
90.4
11.8
2.85
15.3
4.67
10.5 × 22
10.330
0.3.50
6.500
0.450
6.49
71.1
9.68
2.98
10.3
3.18
E-7
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-8. Dimensions and Properties of S Shapes.
tf
d
Y
X
X
tw Y bf
Designation (Nominal Depth × weight per linear foot)
in. × lbs
Flange Depth in.
Web Thickness in.
Width in.
Thickness in.
Elastic Properties Area in2
Axis X-X
Axis Y-Y
I in4
SM in3
I in4
SM in3
Torsional Constant J in4
Plastic Moduli Z X
Z Y
in3
in3
S
24 × 121
24.50
0.800
8.050
1.090
35.6
3160
258
83.3
20.7
12.8
306
36.2
24 × 106
24.50
0.620
7.870
1.090
31.2
2940
240
77.1
19.6
10.1
279
33.2
S
24 × 100
24.00
0.745
7.245
0.870
29.3
2390
199
47.7
13.2
7.58
240
23.9
24 × 90
24.00
0.625
7.125
0.870
26.5
2250
187
44.9
12.6
6.04
222
22.3
24 × 80
24.00
0.500
7.000
0.870
23.5
2100
175
42.2
12.1
4.88
204
20.7
20 × 96
20.30
0.800
7.200
0.920
28.2
1670
165
50.2
13.9
8.39
198
24.9
20 × 86
20.30
0.660
7.060
0.920
25.3
1580
155
46.8
13.3
6.64
183
23.0
20 × 75
20.00
0.635
6.385
0.795
22.0
1280
128
29.8
9.32
4.59
153
16.7
20 × 66
20.00
0.505
6.255
0.795
19.4
1190
119
27.7
8.85
3.58
140
15.3
18 × 70
18.00
0.711
6.251
0.691
20.6
926
103
24.1
7.72
4.15
125
14.4
18 × 54.7
18.00
0.461
6.001
0.691
16.1
804
89.4
20.8
6.94
2.37
105
12.1
15 × 50
15.00
0.550
5.640
0.622
14.7
486
64.8
15.7
5.57
2.12
77.1
9.97
15 × 42.9
15.00
0.411
5.501
0.622
12.6
447
59.6
14.4
5.23
1.54
69.3
9.02
S
12 × 50
12.00
0.687
5.477
0.659
14.7
305
50.8
15.7
5.74
2.82
61.2
10.3
12 × 40.8
12.00
0.462
5.252
0.659
12.0
272
45.4
13.6
5.16
1.76
53.1
8.85
S
12 × 35
12.00
0.428
5.078
0.544
10.3
229
38.2
9.87
3.89
1.08
44.8
6.79
12 × 31.8
12.00
0.350
5.000
0.544
9.35
218
36.4
9.36
3.74
0.90
42.0
6.40
10 × 35
10.00
0.594
4.944
0.491
10.3
147
29.4
8.36
3.38
1.29
35.4
6.22
10 × 25.4
10.00
0.311
4.661
0.491
7.46
124
24.7
6.79
2.91
0.60
28.4
4.96
S
8 × 23
8.00
0.441
4.171
0.426
6.77
64.9
16.2
4.31
2.07
0.55
19.3
3.68
8 × 18.4
8.00
0.271
4.001
0.426
5.41
57.6
14.4
3.73
1.86
0.34
16.5
3.16
S
7 × 20
7.00
0.450
3.860
0.392
5.88
42.4
12.1
3.17
1.64
0.45
14.5
2.96
7 × 15.3
7.00
0.252
3.662
0.392
4.50
36.7
10.5
2.64
1.44
0.24
12.1
2.44
6 × 17.25
6.00
0.465
3.565
0.359
5.07
26.3
8.77
2.31
1.30
0.37
10.6
2.36
6 × 12.5
6.00
0.232
3.332
0.359
3.67
22.1
7.37
1.82
1.09
0.17
8.47
1.85
5 × 14.75
5.00
0.494
3.284
0.326
4.34
15.2
6.09
1.67
1.01
0.32
7.42
1.88
5 × 10
5.00
0.214
3.004
0.326
2.94
12.3
4.92
1.22
0.809
0.11
5.67
1.37
4 × 9.5
4.00
0.326
2.796
0.293
2.79
6.79
3.39
0.903
0.646
0.12
4.04
1.13
4 × 7.7
4.00
0.193
2.663
0.293
2.26
6.08
3.04
0.764
0.574
0.07
3.51
0.964
3 × 7.5
3.00
0.349
2.509
0.260
2.21
2.93
1.95
0.586
0.468
0.09
2.36
0.826
3 × 5.7
3.00
0.170
2.330
0.260
1.67
2.52
1.68
0.455
0.390
0.04
1.95
0.653
S S S S
S
S S S S
E-8
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-9. Dimensions and Properties of Structural Tees Cut from S Shapes (ST).
bf tf
Y
y X
X
d
tw
Y
Designation
Flange
Elastic Properties
Depth in.
Stem Thickness in.
Width in.
Thickness in.
12 × 60.5
12.250
0.800
8.050
1.090
12 × 53
12.250
0.620
7.870
12 × 50
12.000
0.745
12 × 45
12.000
0.625
12 × 40
12.000
ST
10 × 48
ST
(Nominal Depth × weight per linear foot)
Area in2
Axis X-X
Axis Y-Y
I in4
SM in3
y in.
I in4
SM in3
17.8
259
30.1
3.63
41.7
10.4
1.090
15.6
216
24.1
3.28
38.5
9.80
7.245
0.870
14.7
215
26.3
3.84
23.8
6.58
7.125
0.870
13.2
190
22.6
3.60
22.5
6.31
0.500
7.000
0.870
11.7
162
18.7
3.29
21.1
6.04
10.150
0.800
7.200
0.920
14.1
143
20.3
3.13
25.1
6.97
10 × 43
10.150
0.660
7.060
0.920
12.7
125
17.2
2.91
23.4
6.63
10 × 37.5
10.000
0.635
6.385
0.795
11.0
109
15.8
3.07
14.9
4.66
10 × 33
10.000
0.505
6.255
0.795
9.70
93.1
12.9
2.81
13.8
4.43
ST
9 × 35
9.000
0.711
6.251
0.691
10.3
84.7
14.0
2.94
12.1
3.86
9 × 27.35
9.000
0.461
6.001
0.691
8.04
62.4
9.61
2.50
10.4
3.47
ST
7.5 × 25
7.500
0.550
5.640
0.622
7.35
40.6
7.73
2.25
7.85
2.78
7.5 × 21.4
7.500
0.411
5.501
0.622
6.31
33.0
6.00
2.01
7.19
2.61
ST
6 × 25
6.000
0.687
5.477
0.659
7.35
25.2
6.05
1.84
7.85
2.87
6 × 20.4
6.000
0.462
5.252
0.659
6.00
18.9
4.28
1.58
6.78
2.58
ST
6 × 17.5
6.000
0.428
5.078
0.545
5.15
17.2
3.95
1.64
4.94
1.95
6 × 15.9
6.000
0.350
5.000
0.544
4.68
14.9
3.31
1.51
4.68
1.87
ST
5 × 17.5
5.000
0.594
4.944
0.491
5.15
12.5
3.63
1.56
4.18
1.69
5 × 12.7
5.000
0.311
4.661
0.491
3.73
7.83
2.06
1.20
3.39
1.46
ST
4 × 11.5
4.000
0.441
4.171
0.425
3.38
5.03
1.77
1.15
2.15
1.03
4 × 9.2
4.000
0.271
4.001
0.425
2.70
3.51
1.15
0.941
1.86
0.932
ST
3.5 × 10
3.500
0.450
3.860
0.392
2.94
3.36
1.36
1.04
1.59
0.821
3.5 × 7.65
3.500
0.252
3.662
0.392
2.25
2.19
0.816
0.817
1.32
0.720
ST
3 × 8.625
3.000
0.465
3.565
0.359
2.53
2.13
1.02
0.914
1.15
0.648
3 × 6.25
3.000
0.232
3.332
0.359
1.83
1.27
0.552
0.691
0.911
0.547
ST
2.5 × 7.375
2.500
0.494
3.284
0.326
2.17
1.27
0.740
0.789
0.833
0.507
2.5 × 5
2.500
0.214
3.004
0.326
1.47
0.681
0.353
0.569
0.608
0.405
ST
2 × 4.75
2.000
0.326
2.796
0.293
1.40
0.470
0.325
0.553
0.451
0.323
2 × 3.85
2.000
0.193
2.663
0.293
1.13
0.316
0.203
0.448
0.382
0.287
1.5 × 3.75
1.500
0.349
2.509
0.260
1.10
0.204
0.191
0.432
0.293
0.234
1.5 × 2.85
1.500
0.170
2.330
0.260
0.835
0.118
0.101
0.329
0.227
0.195
in. × lbs ST
ST
ST
E-9
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-10. Dimensions and Properties of M Shapes.
tf
d
Y
X
X
tw Y bf
Designation (Nominal Depth × weight per linear foot)
in. × lbs M 14 × 18
Flange Depth in.
14.00
Elastic Properties
Web Thickness in.
Width in.
Thickness in.
0.215
4.000
0.270
Area in2
Axis X-X
5.10
Axis Y-Y
I in4
SM in3
I in4
SM in3
148
21.1
2.64
1.32
Torsional Constant J in4 0.11
Plastic Moduli Z X
Z Y
in3
in3
24.9
2.20
M 12 × 11.8
12.00
0.177
3.065
0.225
3.47
71.9
12.0
0.980
0.639
0.05
14.3
1.09
M 10 × 9
10.00
0.157
2.690
0.206
2.65
38.8
7.76
0.609
0.453
0.03
9.19
0.765
M 8 × 6.5
8.00
0.135
2.281
0.189
1.92
18.5
4.62
0.343
0.301
0.02
5.42
0.502
M 6 × 20
6.00
0.250
5.938
0.379
5.89
39.0
13.0
11.6
3.90
0.30
14.5
6.25
M 6 × 4.4
6.00
0.114
1.844
0.171
1.29
7.20
2.40
0.165
0.179
0.01
2.80
0.296
M 5 × 18.9
5.00
0.316
5.003
0.416
5.55
24.1
9.63
7.86
3.14
0.34
11.0
5.02
M 4 × 13
4.00
0.254
3.940
0.371
3.81
10.5
5.24
3.36
1.71
0.19
6.05
2.74
Structural Tees Cut From M Shapes (MT) bf tf
Y
y X
X
d
tw
Y
Designation (Nominal Depth × weight per linear foot)
in. × lbs
Flange Depth in.
Stem Thickness in.
Width in.
Thickness in.
Elastic Properties Area in2
Axis X-X
Axis Y-Y
I in4
SM in3
y
I in4
SM in3
MT 7 × 9
7.0
0.215
4.000
0.270
2.55
13.1
2.69
2.12
1.32
0.660
MT 6 × 5.9
6.0
0.177
3.065
0.225
1.73
6.60
1.60
1.89
0.490
0.320
MT 5 × 4.5
5.0
0.157
2.690
0.206
1.32
3.46
0.997
1.53
0.305
0.227
MT 4 × 3.25
4.0
0.135
2.281
0.189
0.958
1.57
0.556
1.17
0.172
0.150
MT 3 × 10
3.0
0.250
5.938
0.379
2.94
1.54
0.624
0.531
5.80
1.95
MT 3 × 2.2
3.0
0.114
1.844
0.171
0.646
0.577
0.267
0.836
0.083
0.090
MT 2.5 × 9.45
2.5
0.316
5.003
0.416
2.78
1.05
0.527
0.511
3.93
1.57
MT 2 × 6.5
2.0
0.254
3.940
0.371
1.90
0.431
0.271
0.410
1.68
0.853
E-10
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-11. Dimensions and Properties of HP Shapes.
tf
d
Y
X
X
tw Y bf
Flange Designation Depth in.
Web Thickness in.
Width in.
Thickness in.
14 × 117
14.21
0.805
14.885
0.805
14 × 102
14.01
0.705
14.785
14 × 89
13.83
0.615
14 × 73
13.61
13 × 100
(Nominal Depth × weight per linear foot)
HP
HP
HP
HP
Area in2
Axis X-X
Axis Y-Y
Plastic Moduli
Torsional Constant J in4
Z X in3
Z Y in3
I in4
SM in3
I in4
SM in3
34.4
1220
172
443
59.5
8.02
194
91.4
0.705
30.0
1050
150
380
51.4
5.40
169
78.8
14.695
0.615
26.1
904
131
326
44.3
3.60
146
67.7
0.505
14.585
0.505
21.4
729
107
261
35.8
2.01
118
54.6
13.15
0.765
13.205
0.765
29.4
886
135
294
44.5
6.25
153
68.6
13 × 87
12.95
0.665
13.105
0.665
25.5
755
117
250
38.1
4.12
131
58.5
13 × 73
12.75
0.565
13.005
0.565
21.6
630
98.8
207
31.9
2.54
110
48.8
13 × 60
12.54
0.460
12.900
0.460
17.5
503
80.3
165
25.5
1.39
89.0
39.0
12 × 84
12.28
0.685
12.295
0.685
24.6
650
106
213
34.6
4.24
120
53.2
12 × 74
12.13
0.605
12.215
0.610
21.8
569
93.8
186
30.4
2.98
105
46.6
12 × 63
11.94
0.515
12.125
0.515
18.4
472
79.1
153
25.3
1.83
88.3
38.7
12 × 53
11.78
0.435
12.045
0.435
15.5
393
66.8
127
21.1
1.12
74.0
32.2
10 × 57
9.99
0.565
10.225
0.565
16.8
294
58.8
101
19.7
1.97
66.5
30.3
10 × 42
9.70
0.415
10.075
0.420
12.4
210
43.4
71.7
14.2
0.81
48.3
21.8
8 × 36
8.02
0.445
8.155
0.445
10.6
119
29.8
40.3
9.88
0.77
33.6
15.2
in. × lbs HP
Elastic Properties
E-11
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-12. Dimensions and Properties for American Standard Channels (C-Shapes).
Y
X
tf
d
X tw
Y bf
Designation Flange depth (d) × Nominal weight per foot
in. × lbs C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
E-12
Web Thickness t w in.
Flange Area Width (b ) f in.
Thickness (t ) f in.
in2
_ x
Axis X-X
Axis Y-Y
I in4
S in3
I in4
S in3
15 × 50
0.716
3.716
0.650
14.7
0.798
404
53.8
11.0
3.78
15 × 40
0.520
3.520
0.650
11.8
0.777
349
46.5
9.23
3.37
15 × 33.9
0.400
3.400
0.650
9.96
0.787
315
42.0
8.13
3.11
12 × 30
0.510
3.170
0.501
8.82
0.674
162
27.0
5.14
2.06
12 × 25
0.387
3.047
0.501
7.35
0.674
144
24.1
4.47
1.88
12 × 20.7
0.282
2.942
0.501
6.09
0.698
129
21.5
3.88
1.73
10 × 30
0.673
3.033
0.436
8.82
0.649
103
20.7
3.94
1.65
10 × 25
0.526
2.886
0.436
7.35
0.617
91.2
18.2
3.36
1.48
10 × 20
0.379
2.739
0.436
5.88
0.606
78.9
15.8
2.81
1.32
10 × 15.3
0.240
2.600
0.436
4.49
0.634
67.4
13.5
2.28
1.16
9 × 20
0.448
2.648
0.413
5.88
0.583
60.9
13.5
2.42
1.17
9 × 15
0.285
2.485
0.413
4.41
0.586
51.0
11.3
1.93
1.01
9 × 13.4
0.233
2.433
0.413
3.94
0.601
47.9
10.6
1.76
0.962
8 × 18.75
0.487
2.527
0.390
5.51
0.565
44.0
11.0
1.98
1.01
8 × 13.75
0.303
2.343
0.390
4.04
0.553
36.1
9.03
1.53
0.854
8 × 11.5
0.220
2.260
0.390
3.38
0.571
32.6
8.14
1.32
0.781
7 × 14.75
0.419
2.299
0.366
4.33
0.532
27.2
7.78
1.38
0.779
7 × 12.25
0.314
2.194
0.366
3.60
0.525
24.2
6.93
1.17
0.703
7 × 9.8
0.210
2.090
0.366
2.87
0.540
21.3
6.08
0.968
0.625
6 × 13
0.437
2.157
0.343
3.83
0.514
17.4
5.80
1.05
0.642
6 × 10.5
0.314
2.034
0.343
3.09
0.499
15.2
5.06
0.866
0.564
6 × 8.2
0.200
1.920
0.343
2.40
0.511
13.1
4.38
0.693
0.492
5×9
0.325
1.885
0.320
2.64
0.478
8.90
3.56
0.632
0.450
5 × 6.7
0.190
1.750
0.320
1.97
0.484
7.49
3.00
0.479
0.378
4 × 7.25
0.321
1.721
0.296
2.13
0.459
4.59
2.29
0.433
0.343
4 × 5.4
0.184
1.584
0.296
1.59
0.457
3.85
1.93
0.319
0.283
3×6
0.356
1.596
0.273
1.76
0.455
2.07
1.38
0.305
0.268
3×5
0.258
1.498
0.273
1.47
0.438
1.85
1.24
0.247
0.233
3 × 4.1
0.170
1.410
0.273
1.21
0.436
1.66
1.10
0.197
0.202
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-13. Dimensions and Properties of Miscellaneous (MC) Channels.
Y
X
tf
X
d
tw
Y bf
Designation
MC
Axis Y-Y
in.
Thickness (t f) in.
in2
I in4
S in3
18 × 58
0.700
4.200
0.625
17.1
676
75.1
18 × 51.9
0.600
4.100
0.625
15.3
627
18 × 45.8
0.500
4.000
0.625
13.5
578
in. × lbs
MC
Axis X-X
Area
Width (b ) f in.
Flange depth (d) × Nominal weight per foot
MC
Flange
Web Thickness
_ x
I in4
S in3
0.862
17.8
5.32
69.7
0.858
16.4
5.07
64.3
0.866
15.1
4.82
18 × 42.7
0.450
3.950
0.625
12.6
554
61.6
0.877
14.4
4.69
13 × 50
0.787
4.412
0.610
14.7
314
48.4
0.974
16.5
4.79
13 × 40
0.560
4.185
0.610
11.8
273
42.0
0.963
13.7
4.26
13 × 35
0.447
4.072
0.610
10.3
252
38.8
0.980
12.3
3.99
13 × 31.8
0.375
4.000
0.610
9.35
239
36.8
1.00
11.4
3.81
12 × 50
0.835
4.135
0.700
14.7
269
44.9
1.05
17.4
5.65
12 × 45
0.712
4.012
0.700
13.2
252
42.0
1.04
15.8
5.33
12 × 40
0.590
3.890
0.700
11.8
234
39.0
1.04
14.3
5.00
12 × 35
0.467
3.767
0.700
10.3
216
36.1
1.05
12.7
4.67
12 × 37
0.600
3.600
0.600
10.9
205
34.2
0.886
9.81
3.59
12 × 32.9
0.500
3.500
0.600
9.67
191
31.8
0.867
8.91
3.39
12 × 30.9
0.450
3.450
0.600
9.07
183
30.6
0.873
8.46
3.28
12 × 10.6
0.190
1.500
0.309
3.10
55.4
9.23
0.269
0.382
0.31
12 × 41.1
0.796
4.321
0.575
12.1
158
31.5
1.09
15.8
4.88
12 × 33.6
0.575
4.100
0.575
9.87
139
27.8
1.08
13.2
4.38
12 × 28.5
0.425
3.950
0.575
8.37
127
25.3
1.12
11.4
4.02
10 × 28.3
0.477
3.502
0.575
8.32
118
23.6
0.933
8.21
3.20
10 × 25.3
0.425
3.550
0.500
7.43
107
21.4
0.918
7.61
2.89
10 × 24.9
0.377
3.402
0.575
7.32
110
22.0
0.954
7.32
2.99
10 × 21.9
0.325
3.450
0.500
6.43
98.5
19.7
0.954
6.74
2.70
10 × 8.4
0.170
1.500
0.280
2.46
32.0
6.40
0.284
0.328
0.270
MC
10 × 6.5
0.152
1.127
0.202
1.91
22.1
4.42
0.180
0.112
0.118
MC
9 × 25.4
0.450
3.500
0.550
7.47
88.0
19.6
0.970
7.65
3.02
9 × 23.9
0.400
3.450
0.550
7.02
85.0
18.9
0.981
7.22
2.93
8 × 22.8
0.427
3.502
0.525
6.70
63.8
16.0
1.01
7.07
2.84
8 × 21.4
0.375
3.450
0.525
6.28
61.6
15.4
1.02
6.64
2.74
8 × 20
0.400
3.025
0.500
5.88
54.5
13.6
0.840
4.47
2.05
8 × 18.7
0.353
2.978
0.500
5.50
52.5
13.1
0.849
4.20
1.97
MC
MC
MC
MC
8 × 8.5
0.179
1.874
0.311
2.50
23.3
5.83
0.428
0.628
0.434
7 × 22.7
0.503
3.603
0.500
6.67
47.5
13.6
1.04
7.29
2.85
7 × 19.1
0.352
3.452
0.500
5.61
43.2
12.3
1.08
6.11
2.57
7 × 17.6
0.375
3.000
0.475
5.17
37.6
10.8
0.873
4.01
1.89
6 × 18
0.379
3.504
0.475
5.29
29.7
9.91
1.12
5.93
2.48
6 × 15.3
0.340
3.500
0.385
4.50
25.4
8.47
1.05
4.97
2.03
6 × 16.3
0.375
3.000
0.475
4.79
26.0
8.68
0.927
3.82
1.84
6 × 15.1
0.316
2.941
0.475
4.44
25.0
8.37
0.940
3.51
1.75
6 × 12
0.310
2.497
0.375
3.53
18.7
6.24
0.704
1.87
1.04
E-13
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-14. Properties of Equal and Unequal Leg Angles (L Shapes).
Y x Z X
y
X
α
Y Designation
Weight per Foot lbs
Area in2
11 ⁄ 8
56.9
1 7
⁄ 8
(leg width × leg width × thickness)
L
8×8×
8×6×
L
8×4×
7×4×
L
L
6×6×
6×4×
1
6 × 3 ⁄ 2 ×
I in4
S in3
x in.
r in.
tanα
16.7
98.0
17.5
2.41
98.0
17.5
2.41
1.56
1.000
51.0
15.0
89.0
15.8
2.37
89.0
15.8
2.37
1.56
1.000
45.0
13.2
79.6
14.0
2.32
79.6
14.0
2.32
1.57
1.000
3
⁄ 4
38.9
11.4
69.7
12.2
2.28
69.7
12.2
2.28
1.58
1.000
5
⁄ 8
32.7
9.61
59.4
10.3
2.23
59.4
10.3
2.23
1.58
1.000
1
⁄ 2
26.4
7.75
48.6
8.36
2.19
48.6
8.36
2.19
1.59
1.000
1
44.2
13.0
80.8
15.1
2.65
38.8
8.92
1.65
1.28
0.543
3
33.8
9.94
63.4
11.7
2.56
30.7
6.92
1.56
1.29
0.551
1
⁄ 2
23.0
6.75
44.3
8.02
2.47
21.7
4.79
1.47
1.30
0.558
1
37.4
11.0
69.6
14.1
3.05
11.6
3.94
1.05
0.846
0.247
3
⁄ 4
28.7
8.44
54.9
10.9
2.95
9.36
3.07
0.953
0.852
0.258
1
⁄ 2
19.6
5.75
38.5
7.49
2.86
6.74
2.15
0.859
0.865
0.267
3
⁄ 4
26.2
7.69
37.8
8.42
2.51
9.05
3.03
1.01
0.860
0.324
1
17.9
5.25
26.7
5.81
2.42
6.53
2.12
0.917
0.872
0.335
3
⁄ 8
13.6
3.98
20.6
4.44
2.37
5.10
1.63
0.870
0.880
0.340
1
37.4
11.0
35.5
8.57
1.86
35.5
8.57
1.86
1.17
1.000
7
⁄ 8
33.1
9.73
31.9
7.63
1.82
31.9
7.63
1.82
1.17
1.000
3
⁄ 4
28.7
8.44
28.2
6.66
1.78
28.2
6.66
1.78
1.17
1.000
5
⁄ 8
24.2
7.11
24.2
5.66
1.73
24.2
5.66
1.73
1.18
1.000
1
⁄ 2
19.6
5.75
19.9
4.61
1.68
19.9
4.61
1.68
1.18
1.000
3
⁄ 8
14.9
4.36
15.4
3.53
1.64
15.4
3.53
1.64
1.19
1.000
3
⁄ 4
23.6
6.94
24.5
6.25
2.08
8.68
2.97
1.08
0.860
0.428
5
⁄ 8
20.0
5.86
21.1
5.31
2.03
7.52
2.54
1.03
0.864
0.435
1
2
⁄
16.2
4.75
17.4
4.33
1.99
6.27
2.08
0.987
0.870
0.440
3
⁄ 8
12.3
3.61
13.5
3.32
1.94
4.90
1.60
0.941
0.877
0.446
3
11.7
3.42
12.9
3.24
2.04
3.34
1.23
0.787
0.767
0.350
5
9.8
2.87
10.9
2.73
2.01
2.85
1.04
0.763
0.772
0.352
7
⁄ 8
27.2
7.98
17.8
5.17
1.57
17.8
5.17
1.57
0.973
1.000
3
⁄ 4
23.6
6.94
15.7
4.53
1.52
15.7
4.53
1.52
0.975
1.000
1
⁄ 2
16.2
4.75
11.3
3.16
1.43
11.3
3.16
1.43
0.983
1.000
3
⁄ 8
12.3
3.61
8.74
2.42
1.39
8.74
2.42
1.39
0.990
1.000
5
⁄ 16
10.3
3.03
7.42
2.04
1.37
7.42
2.04
1.37
0.994
1.000
3
⁄ 4
19.8
5.81
13.9
4.28
1.75
5.55
2.22
0.996
0.748
0.464
1
⁄ 2
13.6
4.00
9.99
2.99
1.66
4.05
1.56
0.906
0.755
0.479
3
10.4
3.05
7.78
2.29
1.61
3.18
1.21
0.861
0.762
0.486
⁄ 8 ⁄ 16
L
L
5×5×
5 × 31 ⁄ 2 ×
Axis Z-Z
y in.
⁄ 2
L
Axis Y-Y
S in3
⁄ 4
L
Axis X-X I in4
in. × in. × in. L
Z
⁄ 8
5
8.7
2.56
6.60
1.94
1.59
2.72
1.02
0.838
0.766
0.489
L
5×3×
1
⁄ 16
12.8
3.75
9.45
2.91
1.75
2.58
1.15
0.750
0.648
0.357
L
4×4×
3
9.8
2.86
4.36
1.52
1.14
4.36
1.52
1.14
0.788
1.000
L
31 ⁄ 2 × 21 ⁄ 2× 5 ⁄ 16
6.1
1.78
2.19
0.927
1.14
0.939
0.504
0.637
0.540
0.501
L
3×3×
7.2
2.11
1.76
0.833
0.888
1.76
0.833
0.888
0.587
1.000
L
21 ⁄ 2 × 21 ⁄ 2× 5 ⁄ 16
5.0
1.46
0.849
0.482
0.740
0.849
0.482
0.740
0.489
1.000
L
2×2×
3.19
0.938
0.348
0.247
0.592
0.348
0.247
0.592
0.391
1.000
E-14
⁄ 2 ⁄ 8
3
⁄ 8
1
⁄ 4
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-15. Weight and Gage of Steel Plates. U. S. Standard Gage No.
Thickness Decimals Inches
30
Weight
Fractions Inches
lb/ft2
.0120
28
.0149
26
.0179
24
.0239
22
1
About ⁄ 64
1
.0299
20
About ⁄ 32
.0359
18
3
.0478
16
About ⁄ 64 1
.0598
14
.0747
12
.1046
U. S. Standard Gage No.
About ⁄ 16 About ⁄ 64
Fractions Inches
lb/ft2
About 1 ⁄ 8
5.000
11
.1196
0.625
10
.1345
0.750
9
.1495
1.000
8
.1644
1.250
7
.1793
1.500
6
.1943
2.000
5
.2092
4
3.125
5.625 About 5 ⁄ 32
6.250 6.875 7.500
3
About ⁄ 16
8.125 8.750
.2242
3
Weight
Decimals Inches
0.500
2.550
5
Thickness
7
9.375
1
10.000
About ⁄ 32
.2391
About ⁄ 4
4.375
Table E-16. Weight of Steel Plate. Thickness Decimal in.
Fractions in.
0.02
0.816
0.04 0.06 0.0625
1
⁄ 16
0.08
0.12 1
⁄ 8
0.14
0.18 0.1875
3
⁄ 16
0.20
Decimal in.
Fractions in.
0.42 7
⁄ 16
Weight lb/ft2
Thickness Decimal in.
17.85
0.82
33.46 34.27
0.44
17.95
0.84
2.550
0.46
18.77
0.86
1
⁄ 2
35.09 7
20.40
0.88
35.90 36.72
4.896
0.52
21.22
0.90
5.100
0.54
22.03
0.92
⁄ 16
33.15
0.875
0.50
9
⁄ 16
19.58
4.080
0.56
13
Weight lb/ft2
0.8125
2.448
0.48
Fractions in.
17.14
0.4375
5.712
0.16
Thickness
1.632
3.264
0.10
0.125
Weight lb/ft2
⁄ 8
35.70
37.54 15
22.85
0.9375
⁄ 16
38.25
22.95
0.94
38.35
6.528
0.5625
7.344
0.58
23.66
0.96
39.17
7.650
0.60
24.48
0.98
39.98
8.16
0.62
25.30
1.00
1 1
5
0.22
8.98
0.625
25.50
1.0625
1 ⁄ 16
43.35
0.24
9.79
0.64
26.11
1.125
11 ⁄ 8
45.90
10.20
0.66
26.93
1.1875
13 ⁄ 16
48.45
0.26
10.61
0.68
27.74
1.250
11 ⁄ 4
51.00
0.28
11.42
0.6875
28.05
1.3125
15 ⁄ 16
53.55
3
56.10
7
1 ⁄ 16
58.65
1
1 ⁄ 2
61.20
5
1 ⁄ 8
66.30
3
1 ⁄ 4
71.40
7
0.25
1
⁄ 4
0.30 0.3125
12.24 5
⁄ 16
0.32
13.06
0.34
13.87
0.36 0.3750
12.75
14.69 3
⁄ 8
⁄ 8
40.8
11
⁄ 16
0.70
28.56
0.72
29.38
0.74 0.75 0.76
30.19 3
⁄ 4
30.60 31.01
1.375 1.4375 1.5 1.625 1.75
1 ⁄ 8
15.30
0.78
31.82
1.875
1 ⁄ 8
76.50
0.38
15.50
0.80
32.64
2.00
2
81.60
0.40
16.32
E-15
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-17. Structural Timber Allowable Stresses.
Species
Cedar, Western red
Cedar, Northern and Southern White
Cedar, Port Orford
Cedar, Alaska
Cypress, Southern
Douglas Fir (Western Washington and Oregon)
Douglas Fir, Rocky Mountains
Fir, Balsam Fir, Golden, Noble, Silver, White (Commercial White) Hemlock, West Coast
Hemlock, Eastern
Larch, Western
Oak, Commercial White and Red
Pine, Southern Yellow
Pine, Idaho and Northern White, California, Lodgepole, Ponderosa, Sugar, Western Yellow Pine, Norway
Redwood
Spruce, Red, White, Sitka
Spruce, Englemann
Tamarack, Eastern
American Standard Grade
Bending stress psi
Compressive stress psi
Tension in extreme fibers
Horizontal shear
Parallel to grain
Perpendicular to grain
Select
900
80
700
200
1,000,000
Common
720
64
560
200
1,000,000
Select
750
70
550
175
800,000
Common
600
56
440
175
800,000
1100
90
900
250
1,200,000
880
72
720
250
1,200,000
1100
90
800
250
1,200,000
880
72
640
250
1,200,000
Select
1300
100
1100
350
1,200,000
Common
1040
80
880
350
1,200,000
Dense Select
1750
105
1285
380
1,600,000
Select
1600
90
1175
345
1,600,000
Common
1200
72
880
325
1,600,000
Select
1100
85
800
275
1,200,000
Common
880
68
640
275
1,200,000
Select
900
70
700
150
1,000,000
Common
720
56
560
150
1,000,000
1100
70
700
300
1,100,000
880
56
560
300
1,100,000
Select
1300
75
900
300
1,400,000
Common
1040
60
720
300
1,400,000
Select
1100
70
700
300
1,100,000
880
56
560
300
1,100,000
1200
100
1100
325
1,300,000
960
80
880
325
1,300,000
Select
1400
125
1000
500
1,500,000
Common
1120
100
800
500
1,500,000
Dense Select
1750
128
1285
380
1,600,000
Select
1600
110
1175
345
1,600,000
Common
1200
88
880
325
1,600,000
Select
900
85
750
250
1,000,000
Common
720
68
600
250
1,000,000
1100
85
800
300
1,200,000
880
68
640
300
1,200,000
1200
70
1000
250
1,200,000
960
56
800
250
1,200,000
1100
85
800
250
1,200,000
Common
880
68
640
250
1,200,000
Select
750
70
600
175
800,000
Common
600
56
480
175
800,000
1200
95
1000
300
1,300,000
960
76
800
300
1,300,000
Select Common Select Common
Select Common
Common Select Common
Select Common Select Common Select
Select Common
Strength of wood depends on moisture content. For wet locations, working stresses should be reduced according to conditions and timber used.
E-16
Modulus of Elasticity psi
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-18. Timber Sizes for Design. Nominal Size
American standard dressed size
2×4
15 ⁄ 8 × 35 ⁄ 8
2×6
5
5
5
1
1 ⁄ 8 × 5 ⁄ 8
Section area
Weight per foot
Moment of Inertia
Section Modulus
Nominal Size
American standard dressed size
Section area
Weight per foot
Moment of Inertia
Section Modulus
5.89
1.64
6.45
3.56
12 × 12
111 ⁄ 2 × 111 ⁄ 2
132
36.7
1458
253
9.14
2.54
24.1
8.57
12 × 14
111 ⁄ 2 × 131 ⁄ 2
155
43.1
2358
349
1
1
2×8
1 ⁄ 8 × 7 ⁄ 2
12.2
3.39
57.1
15.3
12 × 16
11 ⁄ 2 × 15 ⁄ 2
178
49.5
3569
460
2 × 10
15 ⁄ 8 × 91 ⁄ 2
15.4
4.29
116
24.4
12 × 18
111 ⁄ 2 × 171 ⁄ 2
201
55.9
5136
587
2 × 12
15 ⁄ 8 × 111 ⁄ 2
18.7
5.19
206
35.8
12 × 20
111 ⁄ 2 × 191 ⁄ 2
224
62.3
7106
729
5
1
1
1
2 × 14
1 ⁄ 8 × 13 ⁄ 2
21.9
6.09
333
49.4
12 × 22
11 ⁄ 2 × 21 ⁄ 2
247
68.7
9524
886
2 × 16
15 ⁄ 8 × 151 ⁄ 2
25.2
6.99
504
65.1
12 × 24
111 ⁄ 2 × 231 ⁄ 2
270
75.0
12437
1058
2 × 18
15 ⁄ 8 × 171 ⁄ 2
28.4
7.90
726
82.9
3×4
25 ⁄ 8 × 35 ⁄ 8
2.64
10.4
5.75
3×6
25 ⁄ 8 × 55 ⁄ 8
4.10
38.9
13.8
14 × 14
131 ⁄ 2 × 131 ⁄ 2
182
50.6
2768
410
5
1
9.52 14.8
1
1
3×8
2 ⁄ 8 × 7 ⁄ 2
19.7
5.47
92.3
24.6
14 × 16
13 ⁄ 2 × 15 ⁄ 2
209
58.1
4189
541
3 × 10
25 ⁄ 8 × 91 ⁄ 2
24.9
6.93
188
39.5
14 × 18
131 ⁄ 2 × 171 ⁄ 2
236
65.6
6029
689
5
1
1
1
3 × 12
2 ⁄ 8 × 11 ⁄ 2
30.2
8.39
333
57.9
14 × 20
13 ⁄ 2 × 19 ⁄ 2
263
73.1
8342
856
3 × 14
25 ⁄ 8 × 131 ⁄ 2
35.4
9.84
538
79.7
14 × 22
131 ⁄ 2 × 211 ⁄ 2
290
80.6
11180
1194
3 × 16
25 ⁄ 8 × 151 ⁄ 2
40.7
11.3
815
105
14 × 24
131 ⁄ 2 × 231 ⁄ 2
317
88.1
14600
1243
12.8
1172
134
5
1
3 × 18
2 ⁄ 8 × 17 ⁄ 2
45.9
4×4
35 ⁄ 8 × 35 ⁄ 8
4×6 4×8
13.1
3.65
14.4
7.94
5
5
20.4
5.66
53.8
19.1
16 × 16
151 ⁄ 2 × 151 ⁄ 2
240
66.7
4810
621
5
1
27.2
7.55
127
34.0
16 × 18
151 ⁄ 2 × 171 ⁄ 2
271
75.3
6923
791
5
1
3 ⁄ 8 × 5 ⁄ 8 3 ⁄ 8 × 7 ⁄ 2
1
4 × 10
3 ⁄ 8 × 9 ⁄ 2
34.4
259
54.5
16 × 20
15 ⁄ 2 × 19 ⁄ 2
302
83.9
9578
984
4 × 12
35 ⁄ 8 × 111 ⁄ 2
41.7
11.6
459
79.9
16 × 22
151 ⁄ 2 × 211 ⁄ 2
333
92.5
12837
1194
4 × 14
35 ⁄ 8 × 131 ⁄ 2
48.9
13.6
743
110
16 × 24
151 ⁄ 2 × 231 ⁄ 2
364
16763
1427
18 × 18
171 ⁄ 2 × 171 ⁄ 2
306
7816
893
5
1
9.57
1
4 × 16
3 ⁄ 8 × 15 ⁄ 2
56.2
15.6
1125
145
4 × 18
35 ⁄ 8 × 141 ⁄ 2
63.4
17.6
1619
185
1
1
6×6
5 ⁄ 2 × 5 ⁄ 2
30.3
6×8
51 ⁄ 2 × 71 ⁄ 2
41.3
1
1
8.40 11.4
76.3
27.7
193
51.6
1
1
101
85.0
6 × 10
5 ⁄ 2 × 9 ⁄ 2
52.3
14.5
330
82.7
18 × 20
17 ⁄ 2 × 19 ⁄ 2
341
10813
1109
6 × 12
51 ⁄ 2 × 111 ⁄ 2
63.3
17.5
697
121
18 × 22
171 ⁄ 2 × 211 ⁄ 2
376
105
14493
1348
6 × 14
51 ⁄ 2 × 131 ⁄ 2
74.3
20.6
1128
167
18 × 24
171 ⁄ 2 × 231 ⁄ 2
411
114
18926
1611
1
1
6 × 16
5 ⁄ 2 × 15 ⁄ 2
85.3
23.6
1707
220
6 × 18
51 ⁄ 2 × 171 ⁄ 2
96.3
26.7
2456
281
6 × 20
51 ⁄ 2 × 191 ⁄ 2
107.3
29.8
3398
349
8×8
71 ⁄ 2 × 71 ⁄ 2
56.3
15.6
264
70.3
8 × 10
71 ⁄ 2 × 91 ⁄ 2
71.3
19.8
536
1
1
94.8
18 × 26
17 ⁄ 2 × 25 ⁄ 2
446
124
24181
1897
113
20 × 20
191 ⁄ 2 × 191 ⁄ 2
380
106
12049
1236
8 × 12
7 ⁄ 2 × 11 ⁄ 2
86.3
23.9
951
165
20 × 22
191 ⁄ 2 × 211 ⁄ 2
419
116
16150
1502
8 × 14
71 ⁄ 2 × 131 ⁄ 2
101.3
28.0
1538
228
20 × 24
191 ⁄ 2 × 231 ⁄ 2
458
127
21089
1795
1
1
1
1
1
1
8 × 16
7 ⁄ 2 × 15 ⁄ 2
116.3
32.0
2327
300
20 × 26
19 ⁄ 2 × 25 ⁄ 2
497
138
26945
2113
8 × 18
71 ⁄ 2 × 171 ⁄ 2
131.3
36.4
3350
383
20 × 28
191 ⁄ 2 × 271 ⁄ 2
536
149
33795
2458
24 × 24
231 ⁄ 2 × 231 ⁄ 2
552
153
25415
2163
24 × 26
231 ⁄ 2 × 251 ⁄ 2
599
166
32472
2547
24 × 28
231 ⁄ 2 × 271 ⁄ 2
646
180
40727
2962
24 × 30
231 ⁄ 2 × 291 ⁄ 2
693
193
50275
3408
1
1
8 × 20
7 ⁄ 2 × 19 ⁄ 2
146.3
40.6
4634
475
8 × 22
71 ⁄ 2 × 211 ⁄ 2
161.3
44.8
6211
578
10 × 10
91 ⁄ 2 × 91 ⁄ 2
90.3
25.0
679
143
1
1
10 × 12
9 ⁄ 2 × 11 ⁄ 2
109
30.3
1204
209
10 × 14
91 ⁄ 2 × 131 ⁄ 2
128
35.6
1948
289
1
1
10 × 16
9 ⁄ 2 × 15 ⁄ 2
147
40.9
2948
380
10 × 18
91 ⁄ 2 × 171 ⁄ 2
166
46.1
4243
485
1
1
10 × 20
9 ⁄ 2 × 19 ⁄ 2
185
51.4
5870
602
10 × 22
91 ⁄ 2 × 211 ⁄ 2
204
56.7
7868
732
10 × 24
91 ⁄ 2 × 231 ⁄ 2
223
63.0
10274
874
All properties and weights are for dressed dimensions. Weight per foot based on assumed average weight of 40 lb/ft 3. Moments of inertia assume timber set on edge, with max dimension perpendicular to plane of loading.
E-17
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-19. Densities1.
Substance
Average Density lb/ft3
Approx. Specific volume ft3/lton
U/W weight2 (seawater) lb/ft3
Specific 3 gravity (referred to fresh water)
Substance
Metals
Average Density lb/ft3
Approx. Specific volume ft3/lton
U/W weight2 (seawater) lb/ft3
Specific 3 gravity (referred to fresh water)
Ores and Minerals
Aluminum, cast-hammered
165
13.6
101
2.55 to 2.8
Asbestos
153
14.6
89
2.1 to 2,8
Aluminum alloy, 2024-T3
173
12.9
109
2.77
Barytes
281
8.0
217
4.5
Aluminum alloy, 6061-T6
169
13.3
105
2.77
Basalt
184
12.2
120
2.4 to 3.2
Aluminum alloym 7079-T6
171
13.1
107
2.74
Bauxite
159
14.1
95
2.55
Antimony
534
4.2
470
8.55
Bluestone
159
14.1
95
2.5 to 2.6
Beryllium QMU
115
19.4
51
1.85
Borax
109
20.6
45
1.7 to 1.8
Bismuth
620
3.6
556
9.93
Chalk
143
15.7
79
1.8 to 2.8
Brass
510
4.4
446
8.17
Clay, marl5
137
16.4
73
1.8 to 2.6
Brass, cast-rolled
534
4.2
470
8.55
Coal5
Bronze, aluminum
481
4.7
417
7.70
anthracite
97
23.1
33
1.4 to 1.8
Bronze, 8-14% tin
509
4.4
445
8.15
bituminous
84
26.7
20
1.2 to 1.5
Bronze, phosphor
554
4.0
490
8.87
lignite
78
28.7
14
1.1 to 1.4
Copper, cast-rolled
556
4.0
492
8.91
peat, turf, dry
47
47.7
(17)
0.65 to 0.85
German silver
536
4.2
472
8.58
coke
75
29.9
11
1.0 to 1.4
Gold, cast-hammered
1205
1.9
1141
19.30
Copper ore, pyrites
262
8.5
198
4.1 to 4.3
Gold coin (US)
1073
2.1
1009
17.19
Dolomite
181
12.4
117
2.9
90 to 12 0
18 .7 to 2 4.9
26 to 56
1. 44 to 1. 92
162
13.8
98
2.5 to 2.7
Gunmetal
530
4.2
466
8.49
Irridium
1383
1.6
1319
21.8 to 22.4
5
Earth
Feldspar, orthoclase
Iron, gray cast
442
5.1
378
7.08
Flint
165
13.6
101
2.64
Iron, pig
450
5.0
386
7.21
Gneiss
175
12.8
111
2.7 to 2.9
Iron, wrought
485
4.6
421
7.77
Granite
165
13.6
86 to 126
2.40 to 3.04
Iron, ferrosilicon
437
5.1
373
7.00
Graphite
135
16.6
71
2.16
Lead
710
3.2
646
11.37
Greenstone, trap
187
12.0
123
2.8 to 3.2
Magnesium
109
20.6
45
1.75
Gypsum, alabaster
159
14.1
95
2.3 to 2.8
Magnesium alloy
112
20.0
48
1.79
Hornblende
187
12.0
123
3.0
Manganese
475
4.7
411
7.61
Iron ore, hematite
325
6.9
261
5.2
Mercury
847
2.6
783
13.57
Iron ore, limonite
237
9.5
173
3.6 to 4.0
Monel, rolled
555
4.0
491
8.89
Iron ore, magnetite
315
7.1
251
4.9 to 5.2
Molybdenum, wrought
643
3.5
579
10.30
Iron slag
172
13.0
108
2.5 to 3.0
Nickel
537
4.2
473
8.60
Lava
110 to 170
13.2 to 20.4
46 to 106
1.76 to 2.72
Platinum, cast-hammered
1330
1.7
1266
21.5
Limestone
160
14.0
96
2.1 to 2.86
Plutonium
1211
1.8
1147
19.40
Lead ore, galena
465
4.8
401
7.3 to 7.6
Silver, cast-hammered
656
3.4
592
10.4 to 10.6
Manganese ore, pyrolusite
259
8.6
195
3.7 to 4.6
Steel, cold-drawn
489
4.6
425
7.83
Magnesite
187
12.0
123
3.0
Steel, cast
492
4.6
428
7.88
Marble
170
13.2
106
2.56 to 2.86
Stainless steel, rolled
500
4.5
436
8.00
Mica
170
13.2
106
2.56 to 2.88
Tin, cast-hammered
459
4.9
395
7.35
Phosphate rock, apatite
200
11.2
136
3.2
Titanium alloy
290
7.4 to 7.9
218 to 238
4.52 to 4.84
Porphyry
172
13.0
108
2.6 to 2.9
Tungsten
1200
1.9
1136
19.22
Potash
130
17.2
66
2.08
Uranium
Quartz, quartzite
170
13.2
106
2.56 to 2.72
Tin ore, cassiterite
418
5.4
354
6.4 to 7.0
1170
1.9
1106
18.74
Zinc, cast-rolled
440
5.1
376
6.9 to 7.2
Zinc, cast alloy
414
5.4
350
6.63
Notes: 1
2
3 4
5
Density of many referenced substances may vary; values given are typical or average. Ranges of specific gravity are given to show density variations. In seawater with density of 64 lb/ft 3. Parentheses indicate positive buoyancy. Add 1.6 lb/ft3 for weight in standard fresh water (γ = 62.4 lb/ft3). Referred to fresh water at 39.2 °F, p = 62.426 lb/ft 3. In seawater with density of 64 lb/ft 3. Deduct 1.6 lb/ft3 for buoyancy in standard fresh water (γ = 62.4 lb/ft3). See also entry for loose, piled, forms under "Earth, Etc., as Excavated."
E-18
Sandstone
143
15.7
56 to 86
1.92 to 2.46
Serpentine
171
13.1
107
2.7 to 2.8
Slate, shale
162 to 205
10.9 to 13.8
98 to 141
2.59 to 3.28
Soapstone, talc
169
13.3
105
2.6 to 2.8
Sulphur
125
17.9
61
2.00
Syenite
165
13.6
101
2.6 to 2.7
Zinc ore, blende
253
8.9
189
3.9 to 4.2
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-19 (continued). Densities1.
Substance
Average Density lb/ft3
Approx. Specific volume ft3/lton
U/W weight 2 (seawater) lb/ft3
Specific 3 gravity (referred to fresh water)
Substance
Earth, etc., as Excavated 63 110 100 76
35.6 20.4 22.4 29.5
(1) 46 36 12
1.0 1.76 1.6 1.2
Earth, dry, packed Earth, moist, loose Earth, moist, packed
95 78 96
23.6 28.7 23.3
31 14 32
1.5 1.3 1.6
Earth, mud, flowing Earth, mud, packed Riprap, limestone
108 115 80 to 85
20.7 19.5 27.0
51 51 27
1.8 1.8 1.3 to 1.4
fire Cement Charcoal (twig, flake)
90 105 90 to 105 100 to 120
24.9 21.3 23.1 20.4
26 41 33 46
1.4 1.7 1.4 to 1.7 1.6 to 1.9
Charcoal (flake pressed) Concrete cement w/sand, stone cement w/slag
126
17.8
62
1.89 to 2.16
Sand, gravel, wet Coal and coke, piled anthracite bituminous lignite peat, turf, dry coke charcoal Ashes, cinders Loose portland cement Stone, quarried and piled Basalt, granite, gneiss Limestone, marble, quartz Sandstone Shale Greenstone, hornblend Loose lime or gypsum
Asphalt Bone Brick hard medium soft sand-lime
90 to 130 110 to 130
Buoyancy 4 (seawater) lb/ft 3
Specific 3 gravity (referred to fresh water)
26 to 66 46 to 66
1.44 to 2.08 1.76 to 2.08
112 to 143
16 to 20
48 to 79
1.8 to 2.3
18 to 22 19 to 26 16 to 26
36 to 61 23 to 55 23 to 73
1.6 to 2.0 1.4 to 1.9 1.4 to 2.2
150 80 to 90 9
14.9 24.9 to 28.0 248.9
86 16 to 26 -55
2.40 1.28 to 1.44 0.14
14
160.0
-50
0.22
144 130
15.6 17.2
80 66
2.31 2.08
100 150 160 to 170
22.4 14.9 13.2 to 14.0
36 86 96 to 106
1.60 2.40 2.56 to 2.72
6 to 8 93 6
280.0 to 373.3 24.1 373.3
-56 to -58 29 -58
0.10 to 0.13 1.49 0.10
280.0 14.9
-56 86
0.13 2.40
19.1 18.1 23.8 13.2
53 60 30 106
1.87 1.99 1.50 2.72
13.8 12.2 13.9
98 120 97
2.4 to 2.8 2.9 to 3.0 2.45 to 2.72 3.2 to 4.7
47 to 58
43.0
(12)
0.75 to 0.93
40 to 54 40 to 54 20 to 26
48.7 48.7 97.4
(17) (17) (41)
0.64 to 0.87 0.64 to 0.87 0.32 to 0.42
Cork, granulated Cotton, flax, hemp Cowhair, washed
23 to 32 10 to 14 40 to 45
81.5 187 52.7
(36.5) (52) (21.5)
0.37 to 0.51 0.16 to 0.23
94
23.8
30
1.5
96 95
23.3 23.6
32 31
1.5 1.5
Cowhair, unwashed 8 Ferro-cement 150 Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) linear layup, 30% fiber 117 linear layup, 60% fiber 124 laminate 94 Glass 160 to 170
82 92 107
27.3 24.3 20.9
18 28 43
1.3 1.5 1.7
(5.5)
0.85 to 1.0
common crystal plate or crown flint
17.2 to 24.9 17.2 to 20.4
100 to 125 87 to 119 87 to 137
cement w/cinder reinforced Coral
53 to 64 38.3 Buoyant Solids
Approx. Specific volume ft3/lton
Other Nonbuoyant Solids
Clay, dry Clay, damp, plastic Clay and gravel, dry Earth, dry, loose
Riprap, sandstone Riprap, shale Sand, gravel, dry, loose Sand, gravel, dry, packed
Average Density lb/ft 3
162 184 161 247
9.1
183
Ivory
120
18.7
56
1.92
Kevlar laminate
81
27.7
17
1.30
Mortar, lime, set Mortar, cement, set Pitch
103 135 69
21.7 16.6 32.5
39 71 5
1.4 to 1.9 2.1 to 2.35 1.07 to 1.15
66 86
33.9 26.0
2 22
1.06 1.38
Average Density lb/ft3
Approx. Specific volume ft3/lton
Buoyancy 4 (seawater) lb/ft3
Specific 3 gravity (referred to fresh water)
Butter Cork Ice
59 15 56
38.0 149.3 40.0
5 49 8
0.95 0.24 0.90
Plastics Polystyrene Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
India rubber
58
38.6
6
0.93
Polycarbonate, Plexiglass, Lucite
75
29.9
11
1.20
Latex/sponge rubber slab (furniture padding)
6.5
344.6
57.5
0.10
ABS
70
32
6
1.12
Leather Paper Paraffin
59 58 56
38.0 38.6 40.0
5 6 8
0.95 0.93 0.90
Nylon Teflon Resin, rosin
71 136 67
31.5 16.5 33.4
7 72 3
1.14 2.18 1.07
Peat Plastics Polyethylene Polypropylene
11
203.6
53
0.18
57 to 60 56
37.3 to 39.3 40.0
4 to 7 8
0.91 to 0.96 0.90
Rubber goods Salt Tar Tiles
94 120 to 140 60 to 75 125
23.8 16.0 to 18.7 29.9 to 37.3 17.9
30 56 to 76 (4) to 11 61
1.51 1.92 to 2.24 0.96 to 1.20 2.00
Plastic Foams Rigid Urethane Semi-rigid, MDI Urethane
1.4 to 2 8
1120 to 1600 280.0
62 to 62.6 56
0.02 to 0.03 0.13
78 82
28.7 27.3
14 18
1.25 1.31
1. 8 t o 3 .3 4 6
678.8 to 1244.4 560.0 373.3
6 0. 7 to 6 2. 2 60 58
0 .0 3 to 0 .0 5 0.06 0.10
Substance
Po ly sty re ne PVC (Flotation)(PFD’s, buoys) PVC (Insulation) PVC (shock absorbant) (athletic mats) Pumice stone Syntactic foam Tallow Wax
7
320.0
57
0.11
17 40 to 47 58
131.8 47.7 to 56.0 38.6
47 17 to 24 6
0.27 0.64 to 0.75 0.93
60
37.3
4
0.96
Vulcanite Wool
Notes: 1
Density of many referenced substances may vary; values given are typical or average. Ranges of specific gravity are given to show density variations. In seawater with density of 64 lb/ft3. Parentheses indicate positive buoyancy. Add 1.6 lb/ft3 for weight in standard fresh water (γ = 62.4 lb/ft 3). 3 Referred to fresh water at 39.2 °F, p = 62.426 lb/ft3. 4 In seawater with density of 64 lb/ft3. Deduct 1.6 lb/ft3 for buoyancy in standard fresh water (γ = 62.4 lb/ft3). 5 See also entry for loose, piled, forms under "Earth, Etc., as Excavated." 2
E-19
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-19 (continued). Densities1.
Substance
Average Density lb/ft3
Approx. Specific volume ft3/lton
Buoyancy4 (seawater) lb/ft3
Specific 3 gravity (referred to fresh water)
44
50.9
20
0.66 to 0.74
Substance
Average Density lb/ft3
Approx. Specific volume ft3/lton
Buoyancy 4 (seawater) lb/ft3
Specific 3 gravity (referred to fresh water)
Timber, Air Dry Apple
Mahogany, Cuban
34
65.9
30
0.54
Mahogany, Honduras and African
44
50.9
20
0.56 to 0.85
Mahogany, Spanish
53
42.3
11
0.85
Ash, black
34
65.9
30
0.55
Ash, white
42
53.3
22
0.64 to 0.71
Aspen
27
83.0
37
0.43
Maple, black and sugar
43
52.1
21
0.69
Australian gums
50
44.8
14
0.80
Maple, white
33
67.9
31
0.53
Balsa
2 to 24
93.3 to 1120
40 to 62
0.03 to 0.38
Oak, chestnut
46
48.7
18
0.74
Balsam fir
25
89.6
39
0.40
Oak, red, black
42
53.3
22
0.64 to 0.71
Bamboo
20
112.0
44
0.32
Oak, white
48
46.7
16
0.77
Basswood
26
86.2
38
0.42
Oak, English
48
46.7
16
0.77
Beech
45
49.8
19
0.72
Oak, Riga
43
52.1
21
0.69
Birch, yellow
43
52.1
21
0.69 to 0.72
Obeche
24
93.3
40
0.38
Cedar, Port Orford
30
74.7
34
0.48
Pecan
48
46.7
16
0.77
Cedar, white, red
22
101.8
42
0.35
Peroba
45
49.8
19
0.72
Cherry, black
35
64.0
29
0.56
Pine, lodgepole
39
77.2
35
0.46
Cherry, wild red
27
83.0
37
0.35
Pine, northern
30
74.4
34
0.48
Chestnut
30
74.7
34
0.48
Pine, Norway
34
65.9
30
0.54
Cottonwood, black
22
101.8
42
0.35
Pine, Oregon
32
40.0
32
0.51
Cottonwood, Eastern
28
80.0
36
0.45
Pine, Ponderosa
28
80.0
36
0.45
Cypress
29
77.2
35
0.45 to 0.48
Pine, red
30
74.7
34
0.48
Douglas fir
32
70.0
32
0.48 to 0.55
Pine, shortleaf
36
62.2
28
0.58 0.38
Eastern fir
25
89.6
39
0.40
Pine, white (eastern)
27
93.3
40
60 to 70
32.0 to 37.3
-6 to -4
0.96 to 1.12
Pine, white (western)
27
83.0
37
0.43
Elder pith
4
560.0
60
0.06
Pine, white (Idaho)
26
86.2
38
0.42
Elm, American (white)
35
64.0
29
0.56
Pine, yellow (southern, longleaf or pitch)
40
56.0
24
0.61 to 0.67
Elm, English
30
74.7
34
0.48
Pine, yellow (shortleaf)
25
89.6
39
0.40
Elm, rock
44
50.9
20
0.70
Poplar
27
83
37
0.43
Elm, Wych
40
56.0
24
0.64
Redwood, close grain
39
77.2
35
0.46
Gaboon or Gaboon Mahogany
25
89.6
39
0.40
Redwood, open grain
26
86.2
38
0.42
62 to 68
32.9 to 36.1
-4 to -2
0.99 to 1.09
Rosewood
62
36.1
2
0.99
28
80.0
36
0.45
Satinwood
60
37.3
4
0.96
Ebony
Greenheart Hemlock, eastern Hemlock, western
29
77.2
35
0.46
Sawara
21
106.7
43
0.34
Hemlock, mountain
32
70.0
32
0.51
Spruce, white, red
28
80.0
36
0.45
Hickory, shagbark
50
44.8
14
0.80
Hickory
48
47
16
0.74 to 0.80
Jarrah
50
44.8
14
Kauri
33
67.9
Lancewood
50
44.8
Larch
38
Spruce, Engelmann
24
93.3
40
0.38
Spruce, Sitka
29
77.2
35
0.46
0.80
Sweetgum
36
62.2
28
0.58
31
0.53
Sycamore
37
60.5
27
0.59
14
0.80
Teak, African
62
36.1
2
0.99
58.9
26
0.61
Teak, Indian
48
46.7
16
0.66 to 0.88
Lignum Vitae (ironwood)
83
27.0
-19
1.33
Tupelo
35
64.0
29
0.56
Lime
25
89.6
39
0.40
Walnut
37
60.5
27
0.59
Locust
45
50
19
0.67 to 0.77
Luan (Phillipine mahogany) white
30
74.7
34
red
37
60.5
27
Willow
28
80.0
36
0.42 to 0.50
Yew
45
49.8
19
0.72
0.48 0.59 Mixed Woods, Average Properties
Coast Woods (US)
26 to 34
65.9 to 86.2
30 to 38
0.42 to 0.54
Hem-fir
28
80.0
36
0.45
Northern Woods
24 to 34
65.9 to 93.3
30 to 40
0.38 to 0.54
West Coast Woods
24 to 34
65.9 to 93.3
30 to 40
0.38 to 0.54
Spruce-Pine-Fir
27
83.0
37
0.43
White Woods (western US)
24 to 3 4
6 5. 9 t o 9 3. 3
30 to 40
0. 38 to 0. 54
Notes: 1 Density of many referenced substances may vary; values given are typical or average. Ranges of specific gravity are given to show density variations. 2 In seawater with density of 64 lb/ft3. Parentheses indicate positive buoyancy. Add 1.6 lb/ft3 for weight in standard fresh water ( = 62.4 lb/ft3). 3 Referred to fresh water at 39.2 F, p = 62.426 lb/ft3. 4 In seawater with density of 64 lb/ft3. Deduct 1.6 lb/ft3 for buoyancy in standard fresh water ( = 62.4 lb/ft3). 5 See also entry for loose, piled, forms under "Earth, Etc., as Excavated."
E-20
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Table E-20. Liquid Densities.
Density LB/FT 3
Density LB/GAL
Volume FT3/LTON
Volume GAL/TON
Specific Gravity
Alcohol, ethyl (100%)
49
6.6
45.7
342
0.789
Alcohol, methyl (100%)
50
6.7
44.8
335
0.796
Acid, muriatic (40%)
75
10.0
29.9
223
1.20
Acid, nitric (91%)
94
12.6
23.8
178
1.50
Acid, sulphuric (87%)
112
15.0
20.0
150
1.80
Acid, hydrochloric (37%)
75
10.0
29.9
224
1.20
fully charged
81
10.8
27.6
207
1.30
discharged
69
9.2
32.6
244
1.11
Beer
63
8.4
35.5
266
1.01
Ammonia @ 32°F
39
5.2
57.6
431
0.62
Chloroform
95
12.7
23.6
176
1.52
Diesel fuel (DFM, Nato F-76)
52
7.0
42.7
320
0.83
Ether
46
6.2
48.7
364
0.74
Ethylene Glycol (anti-freeze)
70
9.4
31.9
239
1.12
Fuel oil, No 6
60
8.1
37.1
278
0.96
Fuel oil, No 5
58
7.8
38.4
287
0.93
Fuel oil, No 2
55
7.3
40.9
306
0.88
Fuel oil, No 1
51
6.8
44.3
332
0.82
Gasoline
44
5.9
50.6
379
0.70
Jet fuel (JP-5)
51
6.9
43.5
326
0.82
Kerosene
50
6.7
44.9
336
0.81
Milk
64
8.6
34.8
260
1.025
Linseed oil
59
7.8
38.3
286
0.95
Lye, soda (66%)
106
14.2
21.1
158
1.70
Oil, vegetable
58
7.8
38.6
289
091 to 0.94
Oil, lubricating
56
7.5
39.9
298
0.88 to 0.94
Olive oil
57
7.6
39.2
293
0.91
Petroleum, crude
44
5.8
51.3
383
0.70
20% @ 68°F
67
9.0
33.2
248
1.07
40% @ 68°F
73
9.8
30.5
228
1.12
60% @ 68°F
80
10.7
27.9
209
1.28
Turpentine
54
7.2
41.5
310
0.86 to 0.87
Vinegar
67
9.0
33.2
249
1.07
Water, pure, @ 39°F
62.426
8.3
35.9
269
1.000
Water, seawater, standard
63.987
8.6
35.0
262
1.025
56
7.5
40.0
299
-.88 to 0.92
Battery electrolyte
Sugar-in-water solution
Water, ice Note:
Liquids consisting of a mixture of compounds, such as petroleum products and vegetable derivatives, may vary in density from sample to sample. The densities given in this table are average or typical values. Liquid densities, especially those of petroleum products, can also vary significantly with temperature. See the U.S. Navy Ship Salvage Manual, Volume 6 (S0300-A6-MAN-060) for a more extensive list of petroleum products.
E-21 (E-22 blank)
