drug addiction

WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION An Introduction The word ‘Drug’ has been derived from a Fresh word “Drogue” which means a dry herb. These are organic or inorganic substance which when taken produces an effect on body. When people hear the world drug addict, the words have negative feeling and stigmas attached to them. People visualize a person who does not care about anything including family, work or commitments except for obtaining money to buy drugs. However, there are many people who are drug addicts that maintain a normal functioning life. DEFINITION OF DRUG ADDICTION According to world health organization “Drug addiction is a State of Periodic or Chronic intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of drug”. DEFINITION OF ADDICTION According to George. George. F. Koob “Addiction is a compulsion to take a drug without control over he intake and chronic relapse disorder”. However, there are certain misconceptions about drug addicts. Once it was thought a person was drug addict or alcoholic only if he needed that drug daily or if the event through some withdrawal symptoms like vomiting,

Prepared By :- Saurabh Jain

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sneezing, death etc. when the stopped using the substance. It was though that alcoholic alcoholic and drug addicts were unemployed, poor and from the inner city. city. But this is not true. Many drug addicts do not experience physical withdrawal symptoms when they stop using it. The majority of addicted people are employed and appear to be functioning normally.


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sneezing, death etc. when the stopped using the substance. It was though that alcoholic alcoholic and drug addicts were unemployed, poor and from the inner city. city. But this is not true. Many drug addicts do not experience physical withdrawal symptoms when they stop using it. The majority of addicted people are employed and appear to be functioning normally.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG ADDICTION 1. Loss of Control The user cannot predict what will happen when he uses the substance. One day he may be able to stop after one drink, or after one line of cocaine, the next day he may not be able to control his use at all. 2. Compulsive Preoccupation The addict spends a great deal of time thinking about the substance. 3. Continued use despite negative consequences If drinking or drug use causes problems but one continues to do it one is tempting addiction or is already addicted. The person has lost voluntary control on the use of that substance.


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CAUSES OF ADDICTION There has been a controversy over the causes of addiction. Historically it was thought that addiction was caused by 13 Lack of willpower 14 Poverty 15 Moral weakness 16 Mental illness 17 Genetics 18 Family socialization 19 Anti-social personalities 20 Societal problems Some scientists believed that drug addiction is a disease although the evidence to support this theory is weak. Main 3 causes of drug addiction 1. The Drug Some drugs are more addictive than others. This is due to the pharmacology of the substance and how it affects the mood of the user. 2. The Addict People who have low. Self concepts, who feel bad about themselves have a higher rate of addiction. People with low self concepts user psychoactive substances either to enhance or create pleasure in their lives, or to


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decrease the constant emotional pain they live. The better a person feel about himself, the less likely he will be to use or abuse psychoactive substance. A society that has easy access to drugs, that has a population that is “addiction prove” due to physical or emotional pain, and that has unclear norms, is a society prone to addiction. 3. The Environment In our bio-chemical society, we hear mixed messages about the use of psychoactive drugs. Some, such as alcohol and tobacco are accepted, while use of hard drugs is condemned. Some drug use is glamorized in the media, while different parts of the country have different standards for public intoxification. All this makes it easier for people to accept drug use as normal.


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TYPES OF DRUGS AND THERE EFFECTS 1. Cannabis All forms of cannabis have negative physical and mental effects. Several regularly observed physical effects of cannabis are a substantial increase in the heart rate, bloodshot eyes, a dry mouth and throat, and increased appetite. Use of cannabis may impair or reduce short-term memory and comprehension, alter sense of time, and reduce ability to perform tasks requiring concentration and coordination, such as driving a car. Motivation and cognition may be altered, making the acquisition of new information difficult. Type Marijuana

What is it called? Pot, Reefer, Grass, Wd,

Hashish

Dope

What does it look How is it used? like? Like dried parsley, Smoked or eaten

and with stems and/ or

Ganja

seeds;

Hash

cigarettes Brown or

Hashish Oil Hash Oil

rolled

into black Smoked or eaten

cakes or balls Concentrated syrupy liquid varying

Smoked – mixed with tobacco

in color from clear to black


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2. Inhalants The immediate negative effects of inhalants include, nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, and loss of appetite. Solvents and aerosol sprays also decrease the heart and respiratory rates and impair judgment. Amyl and butyl nitrite cause rapid pulse, headaches, and involuntary passing of urine and feces. Long-term use may result in hepatitis or brain damage. Deeply inhaling the vapour, or using large amounts over a short time, may result in disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness, or death. High concentration of inhalants can cause suffocation by displacing the oxygen in the lungs or by depressing the central nervous system to the point that breathing stops. Long-term use can causing weight loss, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance, and muscle fatigue. Repeated sniffing of concentrated vapors over time can permanently damage the nervous system. Type

What is it called?

Nitrous

Laughing

Oxide

Whippets

gas

What does it look like?

or Small

8-gram

cylinder sold balloon

or

How is it

used? metal Vapors with

a inhaled

pipe

propellant for whipped cream in aerosol spray Amyl

can Poppers or Snappers Clear yellowish liquid


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Nitrite Butyl

Rush,

Nitrite

Locker Room,

Bold,

Bullet, In small bottles and

inhaled Vapors inhaled

Climax

3. Cocaine Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system. Its immediate effects include dilated pupils and elevated blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature. Occasional use can cause a

stuffy or runny

nose, while chronic use can ulcerate thee mucous membrane of the nose. Injecting cocaine with contaminated equipment can cause AIDS, hepatitis, and other diseases. Preparation of freebase, which involves the use of volatile solvents, can result in death or injury from fire or explosion. Cracks or freebase rock is extremely addictive, and its effects are felt within 10 seconds. The physical effects include dilated pupils, increased pulse rate, elevated blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite, tactile hallucinations, paranoia, seizure. The use of cocaine can cause death by cardiac arrest or respiratory failure.


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Type

What is it called?

Cocaine Coke, candy,

What does it look like?

snow,

nose White crystalline powder

flake,

blow,

How is it used? Inhaled, injected

big C, lady, white

Crack

and snowbirds Crack, rock, freebase White to tan pellets or

cocaine

crystalline

rocks

Smoked

that

look like soap

4. Other Stimulants Stimulants can cause increased and respiratory rates, elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils and decreased appetite. In addition, users may experience sweating, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, sleeplessness, and anxiety. Extremely high does can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat tremors, loss of coordination, and even physical collapse. An amphetamine injection creates a sudden increase in blood pressure that can result in stroke, very high fever, or heart failure. In addition to the physical effects, users report feelings restless, anxious, and moody. Higher doses intensify the effect. Persons who use larger amount of amphetamines over a long period of time can develop an amphetamine

psychosis that includes

hallucination, delusions, and

paranoia. These symptoms usually disappears when drug use ceases.


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Type

What is it called?

Amphetamines Speed,

What does it look How is it like? used? uppers, Capsules, pills, Taken orally,

Ups,

black tablets

beauties, Pep pills,

injected, inhaled

Copilots, Bumblebees, Hearts, Benzedrine, Dexedrine, Footballs

and

Additional

Biphetamine Ritalin, cylert, Pills or capsules

Taken orally,

stimulants

prludin, didrex, pre-

injected

state, sandrex

voranil, and

plegine

5. Depressants The effects of depressants are in many ways similar to the effects of alcohol. Small amounts can produce calmness and very relaxed muscles, but larger does can cause slurred speech, staggering gait, and altered perception. Very large does can cause respiratory depression, coma, and death. The combination of depressant and alcohol can multiply the effects of the drugs, increasing the risks. Regular use of depressant over time can result in physical and psychological addiction. People who suddenly stop taking large doses can


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experience withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsion, and death. Babies born to mother who abuse depressants may also be physically dependent on the drugs and show withdrawal symptoms shortly after they are born. Birth defect and behavioral problems also may result. Type Barbiturates

What is it called?

What does it look How is it like? used? barbs, Red, yellow, blue, or Taken orally

Dpwners, blud

devils,

devils,

red red

yellows,

Nmbutal,

Tuinals,

Seconal,

and

Methaqualon e Tranquilizers

Sopors Valium,

blue

yellow capsules

jacket,

amytal Qualudes,

and

Ludes, Tablets Librium, Tablets or capsules

miltown,

Taken orally Taken orally

serax,

equanil, miltown,and Tranxene


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7. Narcotics Narcotics initially produce a feeling of euphoria that often is followed by drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. Users may also experience constricted pupils, watery eyes, and itching. And overdose may produce slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsion, coma and possible death. Tolerance to narcotics develops rapidly and dependence is likely. The use of contaminated

ssyringes may result in disease such as AIDS,

endocarditics, and hepatitis. Addiction in pregment women can lead to premature, stillborn, or addicted infants who experience severe withdrawal symptom


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Type

What is it called?

Heroin

Codeine

Smack, horse, mud,

What does it look like? White to dark-brown

How is it used? Injected,

brown sugar, junk,

powder or tar-like

smoked, or

black tar, and big h Empirin compound

substance Dark liquid varying in

inhaled Taken orally,

with codeine,

thickness, capsules,

injected

Tylenol with

tablets

codeine, codeine in

Morphine

Opium

cough medicine Pectoral syrup

White crystals,

Taken orally,

hypodemic tablets, or

injected, or

Paregoric, dover’s

inject able solutions Dark brown chunks,

smoked Smoked,

powder, parepctolin

powder

eaten, or

Meperidin

Pethidine, demorol,

White powder, solution

injected Taken orally,

e Other

mepergan Percocet, percodan,

tablets Tablets or capsules

injected Taken orally,

narcotics

tussionex, fentanyl,

injected

darvon, talwin and lomotil


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9. Alcohol Alcohol consumption causes a number of changes in behaviour. Even low doses significantly impair the judgement and coordination required to drive a car safely. Low to moderate doses of alcohol can increase the incident of a variety of aggressive acts, including spouse and child abuse. Moderate to high doses of alcohol cause marked impairments in higher mental functions, severely altering a person’s ability to learn and remember information. Very high doses cause respiratory depression and death. Continued use of alcohol can lead to dependence. Sudden cessation of alcohol intake is likely to produce withdrawal symptoms, including severe anxiety, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions long-term effects of consuming large quantities of alcohol, especially when combined with poor nutrition, can lead to permanent damage to vital organs such as the brain and the liver. In addition, mother who drink alcohol during pregnancy may give birth to infants with fetal alcohol syndrome. These infants may suffer from mental retardation and other irreversible physical abnormalities. In addition, research indicates that children of alcoholic parents are at great risk than other children of becoming alcoholics.


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10. Tobacco The smoking of tobacco products is the chief avoidable cause of death in our society. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to contract heart disease – some 170,000 die each year from smoking related coronary heart disease. Lung, larynx, esophageal, bladder, pancreatic and kidney cancers also strikes smokers at increased rates. Some 30 percent of cancer deaths (130,000 per year) are linked to smoking. Chronic, obstructive lung disease such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis are 10 times more likely to occur among smokers than among nonsmokers.

Smoking during pregnancy also poss. serious risks. Spontaneous, preterm birth, low birth weight, and fetal and infact deaths are all more likely to occur when the pregnancy women is a smoker.

Cigarette smoke contains some 4000 chemicals, several of which are known carcinogens. Perhaps the most dangerous substances in tobacco smoke is nicotine. Nicotine is the substance that reinforces and strength the desire to smoke. Because nicotine is highly addictive, addicts find it very difficult to sop smoking. Of 1,000 typical smokers, fewer than 20 percent succeed in stopping on the first try.


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TIME PERIOD INVOLVED IN DRUG ADDICTION TREATMENT Minimum time period  3 months, 90 days Maximum time period  12 months, 365 days Treatment will be successful only when there is a full support from the family members are friends. Recovery occur overtime. It is no a single moment in time. It is a constantly evolving period that requires work to main aim. Recovery is a new beginning and can be a time of great personal fulfillment and growth for people in recovery and their families. Who is drug addict improving health and wellness then we come to know that the person is responding to the treatment and he really wants to become normal and well again. Thousands of men and women are recovering from the advanced stags of alcohol and drug abuse. RELAPSING It means to return to a former bad habbit. There are 98% chances of a person to relapse even after getting the treatment. This one thing required is self control of not using the drugs.


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How Long Will The Drugs Stay In The System

DETECTION PERIODS FOR DRUGS IN URINE Alcohol, ethyl 3 - 10 hours Amphetamine 1 - 2 days Barbiturates secobarbital 1 – 5 + days Barbitaurats Phenobarbital 2 – 6 days Benzodiazephines 3 – 5 days Benzodiazephines heavy abuse 3 – 6 weeks Cocaine 2 – 3 + days Benzoylecgonin 2 – 4 days Codeine 1 – 3 + days Heroin 1 – 2 days Hydromorrphone (dilaudid) 1 – 2 days Lsd 1 – 2 days Methamphetamines 2 – 3 + days Methaqualone ( Quaalude) 2 weeks Morphine 1 – 2 days Pcp ( phencyclindine) 2 – 8 days Ecstsy 3 – 5 days (propoxyphne metabolites) 6 – 48 hours Anabolic steroids ( oral) 2 days Anabolic steroids 2 months 1 year The metabolite ( marjuna) 1 joint , urine 2 weeks 3 times weekly, urine 3 – 4 weeks Daily, urine 4 – 6 weeks


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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ADDICTS 21 Anger : The addictor becomes easily irritated even on the small issues

and matters. He becomes irresponsible and finds difficulty to coordinate. The addictor shows anger and his mood swings. 22 Taking about drugs : The addictor always talks about drugs and also

pressurise others to use it. 23 Prefer to stay alone : Addictor usually wants to stay alone and make

frequent trips to store room, rest room, basement and bathroom. He does not want the company any other person and prefers to stay alone. 24 Wearing Sunglasses and full sleeves shirts on odd times : A drug

addict starts wearing a full sleeves shirt even in summer season because he feels cold in summers and this is due t the drugs that he takes. Some times the addictor cannot tolerate the lights so he wear sunglasses in order to protect his eyes. 25 The drugs addict no longer spend time with his friends or with those people who do not use drugs. 26 The drugs addicts frequently borrow money and if they did not money they steal items from their home and sell them to buy drugs. 27 The drug addicts talk incoherently and make in appropriate remarks. 28 There is a change in mood, eating and sleeping habits of those who are drug addicts.


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DRUG ADDICTION IN TEENAGERS Today’s voices talking about new danger- drug addiction at schools – are heard more and more loudly. It is not easy to say how reasonable these fears are, as no serious and exhaustive researches has been mad in lithuania till today. The only obvious thing is that such phenomenon really exists but its extent are unclear- they might be exaggerated by mass media or might be unimaginable neither by government, parents or teachers. Impression is that this problem is absolutely new and unexpected, may be that the reason it seems so threatening only recently discussions on this issue began, and often they are quite populisticly. Adolescence is a critical period for addictions to develop because in this age their ‘go’ system works in full force and stop system is immature teenagers notoriously respond to sexual stimulations take dangerous risks and take many decisions for a moment rather than for long term period it takes after the age of 20 or so for the parts of the brain that involved decision making and higher level thinking to fully develop. Most teens who drink, smoke or use drugs do not become addicts. However a genetic predisposition combined with the critical period of adolescence can tilt the scales towards early addictions.


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HOW TO RECOGNIZE DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGERS? 1. School performance 29 Active dislike for school 30 Makes excuses to stay at home 31 Drop in performance The child suddenly

shows an active dislike for school and looks for

excuses to stay at home one should contact in school to see whether the Childs attendance record matches what the parents know about his or her absent days A student who experiences a drop in performance possibly failing in his courses or receiving only passing grades may b using drugs. 2. Physical Health 32 Listlessness The child lacks in energy and enthusiasm. He does not show interest in doing any work. 33 Appathy The child, if he takes drugs has a difference attitude towards everything. He gets irritated very easily and is not all polite while talking. 34 Reduced Self care The mood of the child keeps on changing. There is a sudden change in eating and sleeping patterns. This all may indicate that the child is using drugs.


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3. Appearance How they look is extremely important in adolescent. A sudden lack of interest of two thing grooming or looks may be a warning sing of drug use. 4. Personal behaviour Teenager enjoy privacy but their exaggerated efforts to bar family members from entering their rooms or knowing where they go with their friends might indicate that may be the child is addicted to drugs. Drastic change in behaviour and in relations ships with family and friend may signal drug use. 5. Money Sometimes

teenagers demand for money suddenly with out any

explanation, this might indicate that the child is addicted to drugs. The teenages who are addicted to drugs also steal valueable. Products from their own house and sale them in the market in order to get money from drugs. When some teenagers always come late at night, they also indicates that the child is using drugs.


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STEP IS TO PREVENT THE USE OF DRUGS AMONG TEENAGERS Various steps should be taken by the parents and also by the government to prevent the use of drugs among the teenagers spending on drugs preventions in school is one of the most effective thing a government can do after at the other place in society where you can have a captive and a well organized audience is school. FOLLOWING ARE THE VARIOUS STEPS 1. Normalising Abstention The most important part of any prevention programme specially in schools is normalizing abstention. By abstention we mean avoidance of doing or indulging in some activity. Under this programme the teenagers should understand the ill effects of drugs and should be given education on how to avoid the intake of drugs. This is one of the best ways to teach the pupils to say no to drugs and to learn about the dangerous effect of drugs. 2. Assertiveness Training Assertiveness training is also very important and it help the teenager to stand up for their own values without a feeling that they are not grown ups yet. What ever they learn in this training will help them through out their lives. Weather in the work place or facing other pressures in school. In this, students are given a training to speak and do things in a forceful way and they should stand up for their rights.


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3. Building self confidence and self worth If the teenagers have a feeling of self confidence or self worth within them they will not indulge in drugs and they will then understand that they are not supposed to do those things which are not meant for them. Those feelings can also be bought within the teenagers by various types of training and prevention programs. 4. Parental Education Parents also need help in how to tackle these issues at home. Parents should be given required training as how to handle a situation when they come to know that their child is using drugs. If parents are fully educated or aware about drugs and its addiction qualities then only they can help their child to stay away from it. 5. Communication at home One of the best ways to protect children from addiction is to talk to them. On the one hand communication is very important but on other hand it takes time. The trouble is that many parents only wake up when there is already a problem and their child shows a different behaviours and is not willing to talk communication takes times on regular basis so, parents need to be advice and educated on how to prevent communication problems.


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ADDICTION TREATMENTS PAST AND PRESENT In the past, society viewed drug addiction as a moral flow “popular treatments” involved imprisonment, sentencing to asylums, church guided prayers etc. not surprisingly these methods were generally ineffective. Today wee understand that drug addiction is brain disease characterized by fundamental and long lasting changes in the brain. Modern treatments are based scientific research. Treatment in tailored to the individual, and typically involves a combination of drug and behavioural therapy. Today’s methods are very effective with 40 – 70% of patients remaining drug free. TREATMENTS 1. Detoxification For some addictive drugs, suddenly stopping use can use painful withdrawal symptoms.

In the past, the resulting suffering was considered

a necessary part of rehabilitations. It was the punishment for having the moral flow of being an addict. Today we understand that while detoxification is the necessary first step to recover from drug addiction there is no reason for the patient to suffer. In fact allowing painful withdrawal, decreases an addicts chances of recovery. To avoid withdrawal symptoms, today’s doctors often gives patients medication that makes them feel similar to being on the addictive drug and gradually


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reduce their dose overtime. This stabalises the person brain long enough to get through the detoxification process. Examples of this type of treatment include methadone and LAAM for opiate with drawal, nicotine replacement therapies etc. 2. THE CHALLENGE OF TREATING DRUG ADDICTION IN JAIL Treating addicts who end up in the criminal justice system adds another layer of complexity to the issue. How should low enforcement deal with administrating drug addiction treatment? Innovative approaches such as drug court may prove to be the answer. Bring courts deal with offenders charged with less serious crimes such as possession or being under the influence of drugs. In lieu of serving a jail sentence, offenders must plead guilt to the charge ,agree to take part in the treatment, get regular drug tests and report to the judge for at lest one year . If they fail to complete any of the requirements they may be incarcerated. But if they complete the requirements, the changes against them are dropped and they gradate from the programme. 3. Behavioural Therapy This therapy helps people for coping with their drug crawings, teach them the ways to avoid drugs, find out their problems and solve it. It prevents relapse and also help to reduce the risk of diseases like aids. This therapy can include such things as learning to. 35 Talk openly about personal experiences.


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36 Manage problems with out turning to drug. 37 Identify and correct problematic behaviour 38 Recognise drug crawings 39 Identify and manage high-risk situations 40 Establish motivation to charge 41 Improve personal relationship 42 Develop refusal skills 43 Manage time more efficiently 4. Relaxation Therapy As the name suggests, it provides relaxation to the mind of the person who takes drugs under depression doctors verbally provide relaxation to the person. 5. Counseling Under this doctors suggests you one thing i.e. Health is wealth. It is done verbally. It also involves taking above problems related to job, relationship with family and friends. For example : Counseling provides the ways to say no when some pressurizes you to take drugs. They just grab the opportunities to come up naturally with the discussion as just by seeing a T.V. show or a post that discusses the issue relating to drugs.


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6. Meditation It is a very popular and a well known treatment. It is done musically as well verbally. Musically in the sense the doctors play the cassettes with rythms to calm down the mind of the addict and verbally they tell stories above the persons who had suffered a lot in their life but now their positive view, determination and motivation has helped them to overcome the problems and become successful in the end.


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CONCLUSION What we rust to about drugs? 1. Toughen penalties against all those making profit from drug trade There should be tough penalties against all those making profits from the drug trade. While it true that law enforcement against producers and traffickers has only a managerial effect on total availability, it is important that a powerful message is sent out from every government in the world that drug profiteering is an international crime that will be severally punished. Further investment in intelligence should be made and those who make profits with drugs trade they should be arrested and heavily penalised. If necessary international co-operation can be taken and with this the nations can get freedom from drugs. 2. Prevention in schools Spending on drugs prevention in schools is one of the most effective thins that a government can do. After all the other place in society where you have a captive and well organised audience is school. Various prevention programes should be conducted and students should learn how to avoid the use of drugs and should not indulge in illegal acts. A feeling of self confidence and self worth should be brought in them. Parents should also be educated about drugs, so that they can tackle issues a home only . Communication at home between parents and children regardin g drug


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addiction should take place on a regular basis. 3. Road safety Various road safety programs should be concluded. Routine testing at road side should be done. This road side testing will help in preventing deaths penalties should b severe and consistently applied for drink-driving with treatment for offenders where alcoholic dependency is suspected or proven. There need to be more education given to help the people who drive frequently. 4. Expansion of residential treatment programmes Various programmes should be introduced by which the drug addicts are not needed to go the rehab ventures for treatment rather they get treatment while setting at their place only. There should be more widespread random testing in prisons with rewards for those who stay drug free alcohol information and education as well as access to treatment should be available through out the criminal justice system. Police and other offices should be given a training in recognising and managing alcohol related problems. 5. Tighten up the laws on selling promoting smoking/tobacco and alcohol The licensing laws for sale of tobacco and alcohol need tightening up. There should be a complete ban on all tobacco advertisements. Licensing laws for tobacco should be made for more stricter. The legal age of buying


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cigarettes should be increased to 18. 6. Encourage drug free culture Every possible means should be taken to encourage drug free culture . There has been recent rash of films in which heroes are seen smoking in money shots. This should not be there not only should there be a complete ban on promotion of brands of tobacco in advertising but also on the promotion of smoking itself. Media support should be there. Anti-drug heroes should be developed. If drugs are used for medical purposes then it is safe but if they are used to receive pleasure, to forget tensions the they are injurious to health. “Drugs lose their glamour quickly in the end they only bring sadness.” So one must not be so weak hearted, that one gets addicted to deadly drugs easily. Instead of treating the drugs addicts as inferior we must treat them as misguided who must be brought back to normal life. So, lets now from today itself take a pledge to stay away from drugs and make this world a beautiful place to live in.


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TCS

Vision To create value by leveraging our co-innovation network in a manner that has an impact on the customer ecosystem.

Mission “To help customers achieve their business objectives, by providing innovative, best-in-class consulting, IT solutions and services. To make it a joy for all stakeholders to work with us”


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Introduction: At TCS, it means achieving real business results that allow you to transform, and not just maintain, your operations. Our IT services, business solutions, and outsourcing bring you a level of certainty that no other competitor can match. You'll experience requirements that are met on-time, within budget, and with high quality; greater efficiency and responsiveness to your business; and the ability to shift investment to strategic initiatives rather than tactical functions. TCS' Global Network Delivery Mode enables our clients to: Choose a sourcing strategy best suited to their most important business considerations, e.g., cost optimization, cultural alignment, location proximity, language capabilities or risk-mitigation. Be assured of the highest quality of service delivery regardless of the mix of services, technologies, and locations. Lower the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of Information Technology by managing different service streams -- such as Consulting, IT Services, IT Infrastructure Services, etc. -- through a unified delivery framework. All of TCS' processes and infrastructure have been developed from the ground up -- as opposed to being cobbled together over time. When you become TCS client, here's just a sampling of what TCS do for you: • Identify and develop target markets • Provide professional oversight for sponsorships, product testing and placement and corporate image maintenance in local markets • Plan cost-effect strategies for both internal communication and on the world-wide-web • Develop all of your printed materials, videos and web sites – including Intranet capabilities such as on-line databases, business materials and vendor or third-party communications • Prepare community-oriented campaigns to identify a wide range of promotional opportunities for product placement, test marketing or market introduction • Coordinate your identity branding to ensure that all materials communicate the same message and appeal • Provide effective, attention-getting RFPs (Request for Proposals) and specific contracting with third-party vendors • Ensure that you receive our cumulative experience and wide range of networking opportunities to help you grow and succeed.


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History of TCS Tata Consultancy Services was established in the year 1968. TCS is considered a pioneer in the Indian IT industry. Despite unfavorable government regulations, like the License Raj, the company succeeded in establishing the Indian IT Industry. It began as the "Tata Computer Centre", a division of the Tata Group, whose main business was to provide computer services to other group companies. F C Kohli was its first General Manager. The legendary JRD Tata was its first Chairman and was followed by luminaries such as Nani Palkhivala. One of TCS' first assignments was to provide punch card services to a sister concern, Tata Steel (then TISCO). It later bagged the country's first software project, the Inter-Branch Reconciliation System (IBRS) for the Central Bank of India. It also provided bureau services to Unit Trust of India, thus becoming one of the first companies to offer BPO services. In the early 1970s, Tata Consultancy Services started exporting its services. TCS's first international order came from Burroughs, one of the first business computer manufacturers. TCS was assigned to write code for the Burroughs machines for several USbased clients This experience also helped TCS bag its first onsite project - the Institutional Group & Information Company (IGIC), a data centre for ten banks, which catered to two million customers in the US, assigned TCS the task of maintaining and upgrading its computer systems. In 1981, TCS set up India's first software research and development center, the Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC). The first clientdedicated offshore development center was set up for Compaq (then Tandem) in 1985. In 1989, TCS delivered an electronic depository and trading system called SECOM for SIS SegaInterSettle, Switzerland. It was by far the most complex project undertaken by an Indian IT company. In 1999, TCS saw outsourcing opportunity in E-Commerce and related solutions and set up its E-Business division with ten people. By 2004, E-Business was contributing half a billion dollars (US) to TCS. On 9th August 2004, TCS became a publicly listed company, much later than its rivals, Infosys, Wipro and Satyam. During 2004, TCS ventured into a new area for an Indian IT services company - Bioinformatics. During the recent couple of years TCS has been on the growth of progress. Both nationally and internationally TCS is recognised as the higly respected IT company and has surely put India on the world’s IT map large and clear.


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Conclusions: Predicting what will come in an industry that evolves on an almost daily basis is a thankless and almost futile task. Things change at such a rapid rate, and many of the technologies are so fluid, that a shift in direction can occur in weeks rather than months. If we think that today's Internet and ecommerce opportunities are technically advanced, we have not seen anything yet. Not only will the existing uses of the Internet get more and more advanced, but new ways will be found to exploit the opportunities it provides. The delivery of these services will not just be dependant on new formats and programming, but also on the mediums that deliver them. For this to happen, certain changes will need to take place, not just technological, but legal as well. Protection of consumers needs to be examined, as well as considerations such as copyright protection and piracy prevention. As well as using conventional methods to connect to the Internet, wireless access will also become a common approach. Although we already have wireless data devices, the wireless computing industry is still in its relative infancy. With wireless transmission speed developing at a rapid rate, coupled with the availability of wireless data services, this is one area of technology that is sure to become a big mover. Even now, hand-held computers or Personal Digital Assistants are becoming commonplace. Technology continues to advance, constantly changing how we work, where we work, and the skills we need to work. What the future holds for IT is impossible to predict, but it's guaranteed to be a wild ride.


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