MIXING • In this process cotton fibres of different varieties or between various grades of same variety are combined to form single product. • Purpose of mixing is to avoid the variations in yarn. Manually or by Machines
Cotton Bales
Cotton Tufts 4
BLOWROOM • The name blow room indicates that • “Transf “Transfer er of of fiber fibers s from from one one mach machin ine e to anothe anotherr machi machine ne by airflow.” • The blowroom is the section of a cotton spinning mill where the preparatory processes of opening, cleaning and mixing are carried out. • Blowroom removes heavier impurities of cotton. • Impurities becomes less as cotton pass from one blowroom machine to next. 5
Blowroom
Card
Drawing
6
CARD • “Carding is the action of reducing tufts of entangled fibers into a filmy web of individual fibers by working the tufts between closely spaced surfaces cloth clothe ed with with opposing opposing sha s harp rp points.” • Carding is one of the most important operations in the spinning process as it directly determines the final features (quality) of the yarn. 7
Carded Sliver (Thick, Sliver (Thick, unparallel strand of fibres 8 without twist)
COMBER •
Combing is used for upgrading the quality of medium staple fibers
•
Combing is the process of extracting the short fibres from cotton for making high quality yarn from longer fibres.
•
The combing process is normally used to produce Smoother, finer, stronger and more uniform yarns
First fibes lap are formed
Fibres lap are then combed
9
DRAWING The process of straightening and paralleling the fibres by stretching (drafting) and levelling (doubling) is known as drawing. Machine used: Drawing Input material: Carded or combed sliver Output material: Drawing sliver Drawing Machine
10
SIMPLEX • It is an intermediate process in which fibers (sliver) are converted into fine and low twist strand (roving) by drafting and twisting. • The sliver which is taken from draw frame is thicker so it is not suitable for manufacturing of yarn. Its purpose is to prepare input package (roving) for next process (yarn manufacturing).
11
Simplex
Simplex Machine
Drawn Sliver
Roving
(Thick, parallel strand of fibres without twist)
(Thin twisted strand of fibres in rope form) 12
RING • The main process of making yarn formation. • In this process thin strand (roving) is again drafted and twisted to make yarn and then winded on smaller packages called ring bobbins.
13
Ring Bobbins Ring frame
(Smaller Yarn Packages)
14
AUTOCONE • The winding process has the basic function of obtaining a larger package from several small ring bobbins. Further functions of winding are to check the yarn and to eliminate any faults found.
Autocone Machine
Yarn Cone 15
CONDITIONING • The process in which yarn is conditioned (moisturized) for better performance (such as strength, luster, handle etc) is called yarn conditioning. 16
PACKING • Packing process involves storage of cones in bags for proper transfer of material without damaging the yarn. • Local Packing • Export Packing
