What is a Thermal Power Plant - Ladwig

What is a Thermal Power Plant? Non-Technical Non-Technic al Product Training Dr. Mic Michae haell Lad Ladwig wig Head of Marketin Marketing g & Product Product Manag Management ement Baden, 05/11/2009

Non-Technical Product Training • Objective of Part 1 of this training: − You understand the different power plant types • Segmentation according working media • Segmentation according fuel

− You can explain • What a steam power plant is • What a nuclear power plant is • What a gas power plant is

− You do know the basics of the products the Thermal Systems Business is offering to the market

Plant Business Power Market in 2012

North America (10%)

Europe (14%) Russia / CIS (4%)

Middle East & Africa (10%) South America (4%)

China & India (49%)

Asia/Pacific (9%)

GasGas- or oil fired fired Simple & Combined Cycle Power Plants Coal-, oil or gas fired Steam Power Plants Nuclear fired Steam Power Plants Others

Total market size 2012: 243.4 GW

Gas & Steam Power Plants will account for 74% of the ordered Power Plants worldwide in 2012!

Power Products & Services

Steam Stea m Po Powe werr Pl Plan ants ts,, Gas Pow Power er Pla Plants nts Hydro Power Plants

Wind Power Plants

Service and Operation & Maintenance for Plants & Equipment

Gas Turbines, Steam Turbines, Turbogenerators

Boilers, Heat Recovery Steam Generators, Air Quality Control Systems Control Systems

Agenda • The Very Basics • Power Plant Segmentation • What is a Steam Power Plant • What is a Gas Power Plant • The Fundamentals of Thermal Power Plants • Products of Alstom Power Thermal Systems

What is a Power Plant? • A power plant needs at a minimum − A generator , which produces electrical energy − A motor which drives the generator • Gas motor, diesel motor, otto motor, stirling motor • Steam turbine, Gas turbine, Wind turbine, Water turbine

− Energy to drive the motor • Fossil fuel (natural gas, oil, methanol, alcohol …) • Wind energy • Solar energy • Geothermal energy • Nuclear energy • Energy provided by water (through height difference, waves…)

− Cable to the grid and the consumer

What is a Power Plant? • Alternate current in the electricity grid

− Europe, Australia, Africa, most parts of Asia and South America -> 50 Hertz = 50 Hz = 50 times per second change of direction of electron flow

− North America, parts of South America, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Philippines, South part of Japan = 60 Hz • All the power plants connected to an electricity grid need to produce at any time the electricity obtained from the grid by the consumer

− If not -> frequency changes with possible damage to electricity consumers • Grid Control Centres ensure that producers and consumers are in balance

What is a Power Plant?

• The output of a power plant is measured in Watt − 1 W = 1 Watt − 1 kW = 1’000 W − 1 MW = 1’000 kW = 1’000’000 W

• Rule of thumb for developed countries − 1 MW is good for 1000 people

Agenda • The very basics • Power Plant Segmentation • What is a Steam Power Plant • What is a Gas Power Plant • The fundamentals of thermal power plants • Products of Alstom Power Thermal Systems

Power Plant Segmentation According Working Media • What is the media which drives the turbine (= motor)? − Gas Power Plant • Exhaust gas from a combustion process

− Steam Power Plant • Heated water through through a combustion process (boiler) or through heat exchange ( heat exchanger or reactor or ….)

− Wind Power Plant − Hydro Power Plant • Height difference • Flow in rivers • Waves

Power Plant Segmentation According Fuel • What is the prime energy sources? − Gas Power Plants (“gas-fired power plant”) • Natural gas

− Coal power plant (“coal-fired power plant”) • Black coal • Brown coal (lignite) • …..

− Waste Power Plant − Nuclear power plant • Uranium

− Wind power plant − Hydro power plant


What is a Steam Power Plant (STPP)?

Gener at or

bine r u T m a e t S

a m e t S

Kettle Thermal Energy

Principle of Steam Power Plants Thermal Energy

=> Mechanical Energy

=> Electrical Energy

Steam

Boiler Superheater

Steam Turbine Generator

Evaporator Fuel Air

Economizer

Condenser

Flue gas

Feedwater pump Cooling Feedwater

Condensate

Principle of Steam Power Plants Exhaust

Air Quality Control System for NOx, SOx, Rocks, Mercury

Boiler (Steam Generator)

Fuel (Coal, Biomass or other fuel) Electrical Power G Air Gas Turbine

G Electrical Generator (Turbogenerator)

Steam Turbine (Turbomachine) Deaerator Condenser

Cooling Water

Principle of a Steam Turbine (ST) Multistage Turbine Rotating blade row Steam flows under high pressure through fixed blades

Stationary blade row

1st stage 2nd stage

Steam hits moving blades, which rotate by the steam forces

The moving blades turn the rotor. Torque is produced to turn a generator.

Principle of a Steam Turbine 5 m3/s

x 800

4000 m3/s

200 MW Steam Turbine - Shop assembly

Principle of a Steam Turbine 1’000 MW class multi-casing turbine Generator

High Pressure (HP) Turbine

Intermediate Pressure (IP) Turbine

Low Pressure (LP) Turbines

What is a Steam Power Plant?

What is a Steam Power Plant?

Principle of Steam Power Plants Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Thermal Energy

=> Mechanical Energy

=> Electrical Energy

Steam

Reactor Steam Turbine Generator

Condenser


Condensate


What is a Gas Power Plant? Simple Cycle Power Plant (SCPP)

Gas Turbine (Turbomachine) Fuel (Gas or Oil) Air

Electrical Generator (Turbogenerator)

G

What is a Gas Power Plant? Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) Exhaust

Air Quality Control System for NOx, SOx, Rocks, Mercury

Gas Turbine (Turbomachine) Fuel (Gas or Oil)

Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)

Air


G


G

Air

Steam Turbine (Turbomachine) Condenser

Cooling

What is a Gas Turbine? SUCK

Compressor

BANG

Combustor

BLOW

Turbine

What is a Gas Turbine? GT13E2 (50 Hz)

Generator drive

Bearings Bearing Variable inlet guide vanes

Rotor

Fuel distribution system

EV (EnVironmental) Burners Combustor

What is a Gas Turbine? GT24 (60 Hz) / GT26 (50 Hz)

EV Fuel Distribution System for 1st Combustor SEV (Sequential EV) Fuel Distribution System for 2nd Combustor

Compressor

High Pressure Turbine Low Pressure Turbine

Combined Cycle Power Plant Single Shaft Power Train

Turbogenerator

Steam Turbine

Gas Turbine

Clutch Heat Recovery Steam Generator

Condenser

Control Systems Condenser

Simple Cycle

Output

Efficiency

100%

34%-38%

Combined Cycle 150%

50%-59%+

Gas Turbine Turbogenerator Steam Turbine

Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)

What is a Combined Cycle Power Plant?




Steam Tail (Add-on) Conversion of Simple to Combined Cycle Power Plant

Steam

Fuel Air

Gas Turbine

Flue Gas

Steam Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)

Generator

Generator

Condenser


Condensate

Repowering Conversion of a STPP into a CCPP Flue Gas

Gas Turbine Boiler Fuel Air

Combustor

Compressor Fuel Turbine

Steam

Superheater

Heat Recovery Steam Evaporator Generator (HRSG)

Steam Turbine Generator

Generator Air

Economizer

Condenser


Condensate


How can the power plant efficiency be increased?

• Efficiency is defined as Energy Output (electrical energy) divided by energy input (energy contained in the fuel) • For a given electrical power of xxx MW the efficiency is influencing the amount of fuel needed. With higher efficiency

− Less amount of fuel is needed − Less money is to spend

1% more efficiency is millions of Euro saved!

How can the power plant efficiency be increased?

• The efficiency depends on the maximal temperature of the thermodynamic cycle

− Steam temperature at the inlet to the steam turbine − Gas temperature at inlet to the turbine of the gas turbine • If the maximum temperature is higher, the pressure needs to be higher as well • As cooler the cooling water as higher the efficiency

Remember: A thermal Power Plant needs a “cold end”!

What are today’s power plant efficiencies? • World average power plant efficiency is about

30%

• Open Cycle Power Plants with Natural Gas as fuel can reach today a plant net efficiency of

39%

• Steam Turbine Plants with Brown Coal (Lignite) as fuel can reach today a plant net efficiency of

>43.5%

with Black Coal today

>46.5%

• Conversion of open cycle power plants into combined cycle power plants boosts the efficiency to

~54%

• Combined Cycle Power Plants with Natural Gas as fuel can reach today net efficiency today

59%+

“The Race” is for 50% for Coal Fuel and 60% for Gas Fuel

How does CO2 emissions come into the picture? • As higher the efficiency as less CO2 is emitted • As higher the steam temperature and the pressure as more demanding is the technology needed to achieve the availabilities of the plants required to make it economical • Result:

− Minimization of CO2 emissions is achieved through efficiency increase

− As higher efficiencies means more costly technology the payback of investments is strongly influenced - Fuel price, Availability, Operation and Maintenance Costs - CO2! costs


Thermal Systems Product Portfolio Neurath, Pulverized coal STPP

Mawan - Desulphurization

Emsland, KA26-2 CCPP

“CCS Ready” Solution

Gas Power Plants

Steam Power Plants

Environmental Control Systems

Delivering Power Solutions: Solutions: •• •• ••

Fully Fully integrated integrated and and optimised optimised Environment-friendly Environment-friendly Unique Unique in-depth in-depth understanding understanding as as all all major major components components are are designed designed & & manufactured manufactured in-house in-house

Alstom in-house components: Gas & Steam Turbines, Turbogenerators, Boilers, Control Systems,…

CO2 Capture Systems

Gas Power Plants Products and Differentiators Combined Cycle • • • •

KA26 (50 Hz) Alstom Alstom is is different: different: KA24 (60 Hz) •• Outstanding Outstanding KA13E2 (50 Hz) operational operational flexibility flexibility KA11N2 LBtu* (50/60 Hz) •• High High plant plant efficiency efficiency Simple Cycle up up to to and and above above 59% 59% • SC13E2 •• Robust Robust against against fuel fuel gas gas composition composition Add-on changes changes • Conversion of Simple Cycle to Combined Cycle

Tallawara CCPP, Australia (400 MW)

Repowering • Conversion of Steam Power Plants to Combined Cycle * LBtu: Low British thermal unit = Low calorific fuels

Cartagena CCPP, Spain (1´200 MW)

Gas Power Plants Industrial Solutions Cogeneration Power & Steam for: • District Heating • Desalination • Other industrial applications

Steel & Aluminium • Fuel gases from steel production • Solutions to follow fast demand changes

Alstom Alstom is is different: different: •• Flexibility Flexibility to to fully fully adapt adapt to to industrial industrial customer customer needs needs •• Full Full range range of of Alstom Alstom products products for for industrial industrial power power generation generation •• References References for for aa variety variety of of industries industries

Fujairah II CCPP, Emirates (2´000 MW with steam extraction for desalination)

Sohar CCPP, Oman (1´000 MW to power Aluminium smelter)

Steam Power Plants Products and Differentiators Pulverised Coal Boiler (PC) • 300 MW – 1 200 MW ´

• Subcritical and Supercritical

Circulating Fluidised Bed Boiler (CFB) • 100 MW – 600 MW • Subcritical and Supercritical

Alstom Alstom is is different: different: •• Unique Unique fuel fuel excellence excellence also also with with difficult difficult to to burn burn fuels fuels •• Low Low emission emission through through clean clean combustion combustion and and leading leading air air quality quality control control systems systems •• Cutting-edge Cutting-edge expertise expertise with with advanced advanced supercritical supercritical plants plants

Belchatow PC Plant, Poland (858 MW)

TEG II CFB Plant, Mexico (2 x 260 MW)

Plant IntegratorTM Our Trademark Gas Power Plants

Added value Architect Architect Engineers Engineers

s u c

of k n r u T

y e

Comp. Comp. 33

customer Value

Competitor Competitor 22

Component focus

Competitor Competitor 11

Plant Integrator TM: Optimised solutions, Added Value

Power Products & Services

Steam Power Plants, Gas Power Plants Hydro Power Plants

Wind Power Plants

Service and Operation & Maintenance for Plants & Equipment

Gas Turbines, Steam Turbines, Turbogenerators

Boilers, Heat Recovery Steam Generators, Air Quality Control Systems Control Systems

Non-Technical Product Training • Did I meet the objective of this part 1 of this training? − You understand the different power plant types • Segmentation according working media • Segmentation according fuel

− You can explain • What a steam power plant is • What a nuclear power plant is • What a gas power plant is

− You do know the basics of the products the Thermal Systems Business is offering to the market

What is a Thermal Power Plant - Ladwig

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