vocational training report on dlw

[SNFLFL@ SHUIS[

Il

KFHWHB BIGIDI[FZH PISOW Wxcdf{{hk {i Oxsxowah{sn Xlfzhswf{v fl uns{fnb jxbjfbdhl{ ij {ah jis {ah npnsk ij {ah kh`shh ij 

C,[HGA fl

DHGANLFGNB HL@FLHHSFL@ Wxcdf{{hk Cv SNM DIANL SNF Sibb, Li, ;>>5:;5

KHU[[, IJ DHGANLFGNB HL@FLHHSFL@

VNDXLN FLW[F[X[H IJ HL@FLHHSFL@ *[HGALIBI@V @NKAIBF" VNDXLNLN@NS$>77>57

F

USHJNGH [snflfl` fw nl fl{h`snb uns{ ij C,[hga nlk hnga nlk hzhsv w{xkhl{ anw {i xlkhs`i {ah {snflfl` jis ; phhow fl n gidunlv, [afw shgisk fw gilghslhk ncix{ ixs usng{fgnb {snflfl` kxsfl` {ah Wxddhs Zngn{filw ij 7sk vhns,

Ph

anzh

{nohl

ixs

Usng{fgnb

{snflfl`

fl

KFHWHB

BIGIDI[FZH

PISOW"ZNSNLNWF!X,U& Kxsfl` {afw {snflfl`" ph `i{ {i bhnsl dnlv lhp {afl`w ncix{ {ah

flkxw{sv nlk {ah gxsshl{ sh~xfshdhl{w ij gidunlfhw, [afw {snflfl` usizhk {i ch n dfbhw{ilh fl ixs olipbhk`h ij ushwhl{ flkxw{sv, Hzhsv wnv nlk hzhsv didhl{ pnw nl hquhsfhlgh fl f{whbj" nl hquhsfhlgh pafga {ahish{fgnb w{xkv gnl’{ usizfkh,

FF

USHJNGH [snflfl` fw nl fl{h`snb uns{ ij C,[hga nlk hnga nlk hzhsv w{xkhl{ anw {i xlkhs`i {ah {snflfl` jis ; phhow fl n gidunlv, [afw shgisk fw gilghslhk ncix{ ixs usng{fgnb {snflfl` kxsfl` {ah Wxddhs Zngn{filw ij 7sk vhns,

Ph

anzh

{nohl

ixs

Usng{fgnb

{snflfl`

fl

KFHWHB

BIGIDI[FZH

PISOW"ZNSNLNWF!X,U& Kxsfl` {afw {snflfl`" ph `i{ {i bhnsl dnlv lhp {afl`w ncix{ {ah

flkxw{sv nlk {ah gxsshl{ sh~xfshdhl{w ij gidunlfhw, [afw {snflfl` usizhk {i ch n dfbhw{ilh fl ixs olipbhk`h ij ushwhl{ flkxw{sv, Hzhsv wnv nlk hzhsv didhl{ pnw nl hquhsfhlgh fl f{whbj" nl hquhsfhlgh pafga {ahish{fgnb w{xkv gnl’{ usizfkh,

FF

NGOLIPBHK@HDHL[

F{ fw dv d v ubhnwxsh {i ch flkhc{hk {i znsfixw uhiubh" pai kfshg{bv is flkfshg{bv gil{sfcx{hk fl {ah khzhbiudhl{ ij {afw piso nlk pai fljbxhlghk dv {aflofl` " chanzfixs nlk ng{w kxsfl` {ah gixswh ij w{xkv, F hqushww dv wflghsh `sn{f{xkh {i  Ks, Snmfz Oanlkxmn pis{av usflgfunb jis usizfkfl` dh nl iuuis{xlf{v {i xlkhs`i wxddhs {snflfl` n{ KBP"ZNSNLNWF!X,U& F nd {anlojxb {i  Hs, Wxwafb Oxdns Wansdn" AIK DH jis afw wxuuis{" giiuhsn{fil" nlk di{fzn{fil usizfkhk {i dh kxsfl` {ah {snlfl` jis gilw{nl{ flwufsn{fil" ushwhlgh nlk cbhwwfl`w, F nbwi hq{hlk dv wflghsh nuushgfn{fil {i  Hs, N,W, Ganllf "Hs, Wxdf{ Oxdns * Hs, Zfonw  Oxdns [snflfl` Giddf{{hh Giiskfln{is" Giiskfln{is" pai usizfkhk afw znbxncbh wx``hw{filw nlk ushgfixw {fdh fl nggidubfwafl` nggidubfwafl` dv {snflfl` shuis{, Bnw{bv" F pixbk bfoh {i {anlo {ah nbdf`a{v nlk dv unshl{w jis {ahfs disnb wxuuis{ nlk dv jsfhlkw pf{a paid F wanshk dv knv${i knv hquhsfhlgh nlk shghfzhk bi{w ij wx``hw{filw {an{ dv ~xnbf{v ij piso,

Snm dianl snf

FFF

GNLKFKN[H‖W KHGBNSN[FIL

F"

Snm Dianl Snf" Sibb Li,;>>5:;5" C,[hga !Whdhw{hs$ Z& ij {ah Vndxln Flw{f{x{h ij 

Hl`flhhsfl` * [hgalibi`v" @nkaibf !Vndxln Ln`ns& ahshcv khgbnsh {an{ {ah [snflfl`

Shuis{ hl{f{bhk ‒N Gidunsn{fzh W{xkv ij Iuhsn{filnb * Jflnlgfnb Hjjfgfhlgv— fw nl isf`flnb piso nlk kn{n usizfkhk fl {ah w{xkv fw nx{ahl{fg {i {ah chw{ ij dv olipbhk`h, [afw shuis{ anw li{ chhl wxcdf{{hk {i nlv i{ahs Flw{f{x{h jis {ah npnsk ij nlv i{ahs kh`shh,

Snm Dianl Snf !Sibb Li,;>>5:;5& Ubngh= vfh{ aiw{hb Kn{h=

FZ

N CHSHFJ IZHSZFHP

NCIX[ KBP

Kfhwhb Bigidi{fzh Pisow !KBP&" nl FWI 655>" FWI >;55> * IAW >155> Ghs{fjfhk Is`nlf}n{fil" fw n usikxg{fil xlf{ xlkhs {ah dflfw{sv ij snfbpnvw, [afw pnw wh{xu fl gibbncisn{fil pf{a Ndhsfgnl Bigidi{fzh Gidunlv !NBGI&" XWN fl >6:> nlk {ah jfsw{ bigidi{fzh pnw sibbhk ix{ fl >6:; nlk khkfgn{hk {i {ah ln{fil, KBP fw ilh ij {ah jhp fl{h`sn{hk bigi cxfbkhsw fl {ah pisbk, F{ dnlxjng{xshw bigidi{fzhw pafga nsh znsfnl{w cnwhk il {ah isf`flnb NBGI khwf`lw kn{fl` {i >6:5wnlk {ah @D HDK khwf`lw ij {ah >665w, [afw xlf{ usikxghw kfhwhb$hbhg{sfg bigidi{fzhw nlk K@ wh{w jis Flkfnl snfbpnvw nlk i{ahs gxw{idhsw fl Flkfn nlk ncsink,

Flw{nbbhk Usikxg{fil Gnungf{v $ >85 Bigidi{fzhw) vhns =$

[i{nb W{njj $ 867: !nw il 5>,5:,56& [i{nb Usikxg{fil $ 8800bigiw" 87 K@ Wh{w !xu {i Mxlh 3556&

Wfbhl{ Jhn{xshw

 N jbn`wafu usikxg{fil xlf{ ij Flkfnl Snfbpnvw ijjhsfl` gidubh{h snl`h ij usikxg{w fl f{w nshn

ij iuhsn{fil pf{a nllxnb {xslizhs ij izhs 3>3; Gsish,

 W{n{h ij {ah ns{ Khwf`l nlk Dnlxjng{xsfl` jngfbf{v {i dnlxjng{xsh 355 bigidi{fzhw uhs nllxd

pf{a pfkh snl`h ij shbn{hk usikxg{w zf}, K@ Wh{w" Bigi giduilhl{w nlk wxc$nwwhdcbfhw, Wxuubv ij wunshw sh~xfshk {i dnfl{nfl Kfhwhb Bigidi{fzhw nlk K@ wh{w,

 Xlchn{ncbh {snfb$cbn}fl` {sngo shgisk fl usizfkfl` giw{$hjjhg{fzh" hgi$jsfhlkbv nlk shbfncbh

wibx{filw {i hzhs flgshnwfl` {snlwuis{n{fil lhhkw jis izhs jixs khgnkhw,

 N bns`h cnwh ij khbf`a{hk gxw{idhsw ndil` dnlv gixl{sfhw zf}, Dvnldns" Wsf Bnlon"

Dnbnvwfn" Zfh{lnd" Cnl`bnkhwa" [nl}nlfn" Nl`ibn" {i lndh n jhp" chnsfl` {hw{fdilv {i usikxg{ bhnkhswafu fl f{w gn{h`isv,

 Jxbbv `hnshk {i dhh{ wuhgfjfg {snlwuis{n{fil lhhkw cv ux{{fl` Usfgh $ Znbxh ‗ [hgalibi`v

h~xn{fil uhsjhg{bv sf`a{,

USIKXG[W

F{w dnlxjng{xsfl` jngfbf{fhw nsh jbhqfcbh fl ln{xsh, [ahwh gnl ch x{fbf}hk jis {ah dnlxjng{xsh ij kfjjhshl{ khwf`l ij bigidi{fzhw ij znsfixw `nx`hw wxf{fl` gxw{idhs sh~xfshdhl{w nlk i{ahs usikxg{w, Wuhgfjfgn{filw nlk kh{nfbw ij gxsshl{ usikxg{w=

 NBGI

>& CSINK @NX@H DNFL BFLH JSHF@A[ BIGIDI[FZH= PK@ 7N

Kfhwhb Hbhg{sfg dnfl bflh" ahnzv kx{v `iikw whszfgh bigidi{fzh" pf{a >: gvbflkhs NBGI hl`flh nlk NG)KG {sng{fil pf{a dfgsiusighwwis gil{sibw,

Pahhb Nssnl`hdhl{

Gi$Gi

[sngo @nx`h

>:0: dd

Phf`a{

>37 {

Bhl`{a izhs Cxjjhsw

>6>73 dd

Pahhb Kfndh{hs

>563 dd

@hns Sn{fi

>1 = 0; Dfl

snkfxw ij Gxszn{xsh

>>0 d

Dnqfdxd Wuhhk

>58 Odua

Kfhwhb Hl`flh

[vuh = 38> C">: Gvb,$ Z

AU

7>55

Csnoh

FSNC$>

Bigi

Nfs" Kvlndfg

[snfl

Nfs

Jxhb [nlo Gnungf{v

:555 bf{shw

3& CSINK @NX@H DNFL BFLH DFQHK WHSZFGH BIGIDI[FZH =

 PKD 7K

Kfhwhb Hbhg{sfg Bigidi{fzh pf{a dfgsi usighwwis gil{sib wxf{ncbh jis dnfl bflh dfqhk Whszfgh {snfl iuhsn{fil,

Pahhb Nssnl`hdhl{

Gi$Gi

[sngo @nx`h

>:0: dd

Phf`a{

>>0 {

Dnq, Nqbh Bink

>6,8 {

Bhl`{a izhs Cxjjhs

>1:85 dd

Pahhb Kfndh{hs

>563 dd

@hns Sn{fi

>1 = :8

Dnqfdxd Wuhhk

>35 Odua

Kfhwhb Hl`flh

[vuh= 38> C$ >: Gvb, “Z’ {vuh!xu sn{hk&

AU

7755 AU !w{n lknsk XFG gilkf{fil&

[snlwdfwwfil

Hbhg{sfg NG )  KG

Csnoh

FSNC$>

Bigi

Nfs" Kvlndfg " Anlk

[snfl

Nfs

Gnungf{v

8555 bf{shw

 HDK

>&,PK@; $ ;555 AU @IIKW BIGIDI[FZH

Csink @nx`h jshf`a{ {snjjfg Gi$Gi kfhwhb hbhg{sfg bigidi{fzh pf{a>: Gvbflkhs ;555 AU hl`flh" NG$NG {snlwdfwwfil" dfgsiusighwwis gil{sibbhk usiuxbwfil nlk csnofl` pf{a af`a {sng{fil af`a wuhhk gnw{ w{hhb {sxgow, Jfsw{ {xslhk ix{ fl >666pf{a {snlwjhs ij {hgalibi`v jsid @hlhsnb Di{is !XWN&" {afw bigidi{fzh anw hqghu{filnb jxhb hjjfgfhlgv nlk zhsv bip dnfl{hlnlgh sh~xfshdhl{w, [ah ahns{ ij bigi [sng{fil Gil{sib Gilzhs{hs xwhw {ah @[I khzfghw !icwibh{h {hgalibi`v&, Lip {ah F@C[ khzfghw" anw chhl fl{sikxghk jsid Ig{ 355:, F{ fw {ah bn{hw{ {hgalibi`v nlk pfbb ch giw{ hjjhg{fzh nlk `fzhw af`ahs shbfncfbf{v, [ah bigidi{fzh uiphs anw chhl xu`snkhk {i ;855 CGZ nlk {ah jfsw{ Bigi !Bigi Li >3>>;& pnw dnlxjng{xshk fl Dnv 50,

Kfhwhb hl`flh=

 >: Gvbflkhs 0>5 @7C" 3 w{sioh" {xscigans`hk nj{hs giibhk

 Jxhb Hjjfgfhl{ Hl`flh

 Flmhg{fil Wvw{hd Kfshg{ Xlf{ Flmhg{is

 @izhslis= Piikpnsk

 Gidushwwfil Sn{fi$ >:=>

 Bxch Ifb Wxdu Gnungf{v= 685 B{w

[snlwdfwwfil =

 Hbhg{sfgnb NG$NG

 : [sng{fil di{is ! 7 fl unsnbbhb uhs ci`fh&

 Wxwuhlwfil $ Nqbh axl` ) {nuhs sibbhs chnsfl`

 @hns Sn{fi $ 65=>0

3&, PKU; ‗ ;555 AU UNWWHL@HS BIGIDI[FZH =$

W{n{h$ij$Ns{" Dfgsiusighwwis gil{sibbhk NG$NG? Unwwhl`hs Bigidi{fzh Uiphshk pf{a >:$ 0>5@7C ;555AU [xscigans`hk {pi w{siohw Hl`flh, Jncsfgn{hk sf`fk khwf`l xlkhs jsndh" {pi w{n`h wxwuhlwfil" nlk Af`a [sng{fil Af`a Wuhhk 7 nqbh !A[WG& bf`a{ phf`a{ gnw{ {sxgo jsndh n{{sfcx{h {i af`a nkahwfil uhsjisdnlgh, Jfsw{ {xslhk ix{ fl 3557" {afw bigidi{fzh anw

hqghu{filnb jxhb hjjfgfhlgv nlk zhsv bip dnfl{hlnlgh sh~xfshdhl{w, F{ f w wuhgfjfgnbbv khwf`lhk jis ahnzv anxb unwwhl`hs {snjjfg sh~xfshdhl{w jis Flkfnl Snfbpnvw [ah PKU; jbhh{ fw chfl` xu`snkhk cv usizfwfil ij ai{hb bink jhn{xsh nbil` pf{a uiphs xu `snkn{fil {i ;855 AU,

Kfhwhb Hl`flh =$  >: Gvbflkhs 0>5 @7C" 3 w{sioh" {xscigans`hk nj{hs giibhk

 Jxhb Hjjfgfhl{ Hl`flh

 Flmhg{fil Wvw{hd= Kfshg{ Xlf{ Flmhg{is

 @izhslis= Piikpnsk

 Gidushwwfil Sn{fi$ >:=>

 Bxch Ifb Wxdu Gnungf{v= >507 B{w,

[snlwdfwwfil =$

 Hbhg{sfgnb NG$NG  ; [sng{fil di{is ! 7 fl unsnbbhb uhs ci`fh&  Wxwuhlwfil= Nqbh axl` ) {nuhs sibbhs chnsfl`  @hns Sn{fi= 00=>0

==K@ WH[W==

KBP dnlxjng{xshw K@ wh{w xwfl` KBP cxfb{ hl`flhw, [ahwh K@ wh{w nsh wxf{ncbh jis w{nlkcv nw phbb nw cnwh bink nuubfgn{filw nlk nsh whfwdfgnbbv ~xnbfjfhk, Nb{hsln{isw xwhk nsh {a h w{n{h$ ij${ah$ns{ csxwabhww {vuh pf{a w{n{fg NZS, Gil{sib wvw{hd fw UBG cnwhk" pf{a jnxb{ kfn`liw{fg jhn{xsh, [ah nbnsdw nlk wax{ kiplw gnl ch gxw{idf}hk nw uhs sh~xfshdhl{,

Hl`flh

NBGI$ 38>

Uiphs Sn{fl`

155 OP" >855 OP" >085 OP" 3555 OP" 3355 OP" 3;55 OP,

Wuhhk ij hl`flh

>555 sud

Giibfl` nssnl`hdhl{

Snkfn{is) Ahn{ hqganl`hs

Gil{sib wvw{hd

UBG cnwhk

W{ns{fl` wvw{hd

Nfs di{is) KG di{is

Widh i{ahs usikxg{w {an{ nsh dnlxjng{xshk nggiskfl` {i khdnlkw ij gxw{idhs nlk nsh hquis{hk nsh=

PKD3

3:55 AU C@ dfqhk {snjjfg,

PKD7N

7>55 au NG)KG C@ Dfqhk [snjjfg,

PKU>

3755 au C@ Fl{hsgf{v Unwwhl`hs !>;5 od)a&,

PK@7G

7755 au NG) KG C@ Jshf`a{,

VKD;

>785 au D@ Dfqhk [snjjfg

-Li{h= Lidhlgbn{xsh !Lndfl`& ij KBP Bigidi{fzhw= K↓ Kfhwhb [vuh, P↓ Pfkh !pfk{a ij `nx`h&,

@↓ @iikw, U↓ Unwwhl`hs, D↓ Dxb{fuxsuiwh, q↓ Nlv lxdchsw fl {ah lndh shushwhl{ {ah aiswhuiphs !au4qÐ>555&, N↓>55 au, C↓355 au, G↓755 au ? nlk wi il,,,

Ahlgh PK@$7N w{nlkw jis Pfkh Kfhwhb @iikw$ 7>55 au hl`flh * PKU$; shushwhl{w Pfkh Kfhwhb Unwwhl`hs$ ;555au

Is`nlf}n{fil

KBP‖W Zfwfil=

‒

[i ch n Pisbk gbnww dnlxjng{xshs ij Kfhwhb Hbhg{sfg bigidi{fzh,—

[ahfs Dfwwfil=

‒

Ph wanbb ngafhzh ixs zfwfil {asix`a Gil{flxixw Fdusizhdhl{ fl {ah

nshnw ij Usikxg{ ^xnbf{v" Shwhnsga nlk Khzhbiudhl{" Wxuubfhs Uns{lhswafu" Axdnl Shwixsgh Khzhbiudhl{ nlk [hnd Piso pf{a hduanwfw il Gish Giduh{hlgh Bhnkfl` {i Gxw{idhs Wn{fwjng{fil Nlk Cxwflhww Hqghbbhlgh,—

^xnbf{v Uibfgv= ‒Ph nsh giddf{{hk {i Hqghbbhlgh fl nbb Ng{fzf{fhw nlk [i{nb Gxw{idhs Wn{fwjng{fil {asix`a Gil{flxixw Fdusizhdhl{ fl ^xnbf{v ij Usikxg{w nlk whszfg hw,—

Dnlxjng{xsfl` Usighww



Cbigo Kfzfwfil



Jbndh Gx{{fl` ij Giduilhl{w

W{hhb ubn{hw nsh xb{snwilfgnbbv {hw{hk chjish chfl` ushgfwfil gx{ cv lxdhsfgnbbv gil{sibbhk jbndh gx{{fl` dngaflhw" Ubnwdn Gx{{fl` Dngaflh, Giduilhl{w nsh w{snf`a{hlhk nlk dngaflhk usfis {i jf{{fl` * {ngofl` il jfq{xsh khwf`lhk hwuhgfnbbv jis hl`flh cbigo jncsfgn{fil {i hlwxsh gbiwh {ibhsnlgh il hl`flh cbigo,



Jncsfgn{fil ij Hl`flh Cbigo Giduilhl{w nj{hs jbndh gx{{fl` nlk znsfixw dngaflfl` iuhsn{filw nsh jf{ nlk {ngo phbkhk chjish {nofl` il sibbizhsw, Ahnzv Ns`il$GI3 phbkfl` fw kilh il {ahwh sibbizhsw, Af`a ~xnbf{v ij phbkfl` fw kilh cv ~xnbfjfhk phbkhsw, Phbk mifl{w nsh wxcmhg{hk {i znsfixw {hw{w bfoh xb{snwilfg" Q$snvw" Zfwxnb h{g, Kipl$anlk phbkfl` fw hlwxshk xwfl` wuhgfnbbv khwf`lhk uiwf{filhsw, Jncsfgn{fil ij hl`flh cbigo fw gidubh{hk cv wxcdhs`hk nsg phbkfl` xwfl` whdf$ nx{idn{fg phbkfl` dngaflhw, Wuhgfnb jfq{xshw nsh xwhk jis dnofl` kipl$anlk phbkfl` uiwwfcbh fl flngghwwfcbh nshnw, Gsf{fgnb phbkw nsh wxcmhg{hk {i snkfi`snuafg hqndfln{fil, Nj{hs gidubh{h phbkfl` phbkdhl{ fw w{shww shbfhzhk nlk dnsofl` fw kilh jis wxcwh~xhl{ dngaflfl`,



Hl`flh Kfzfwfil



GIDUILHL[ DNGAFLFL@

Izhs 3555 giduilhl{w nsh dnlxjng{xshk fl$aixwh n{ KBP, [ahwh flgbxkh NBGI {xsci wxuhsgans`hsw" bxcsfgn{fl` ifb uxduw" gnd wanj{w" gvbflkhs ahnkw" gasidh ubn{hk gvbflkhs bflhsw" gillhg{fl` sikw nlk znsfixw `hnsw, Ixs phbb$h~xfuuhk Dngaflh Waiu wanzh khkfgn{hk bflhw jis iuhsn{filw bfoh {xslfl`" dfbbfl`" `hns aiccbfl`" ksfbbfl`" `sflkfl` nlk ubnllfl` h{g, Fl nkkf{fil" KBP fw h~xfuuhk pf{a n znsfh{v ij wuhgfnb uxsuiwh dngaflhw nlk n bns`h lxdchs ij  w{n{h$ij${ah$ns{ GLG dngaflhw {i hlwxsh ~xnbf{v nlk ushgfwfil, Nwwigfn{hk dnlxjng{xsfl` usighwwhw bfoh ahn{ {shn{dhl{ nlk flkxg{fil anskhlfl` nsh nbwi gnssfhk ix{ fl$aixwh, N gidubh{hbv lhp Gasidh Ubn{fl` Waiu jis Gvbflkhs Bflhsw anw chhl wh{ xu pf{a dikhsl fljsnw{sxg{xsh bfoh jxdh hq{sng{fil wvw{hd nlk Usi`snddncbh Bi`fg Gil{sibbhk dn{hsfnb dizhdhl{ wvw{hd,



Hl`flh Nwwhdcbv * [hw{fl`

Ush$flwuhg{hk hl`flh cbigo" gsnlowanj{" gndwanj{w" gvbflkhs bflhsw" ufw{ilw" gillhg{fl` sikw" gvbflkhs ahnkw" hqanxw{ dnlfjibk" {xsci$wxuhsgans`hs nlk nbb shbn{hk ufufl` fw xwhk fl nwwhdcbv ij hl`flh, Hbhg{sfgnb dngaflhw bfoh {sng{fil nb{hsln{is" nxqfbfnsv `hlhsn{is nlk hqgf{hs nsh {ahshnj{hs gixubhk il {ah hl`flh, [ah gidubh{h uiphs ungo pf{a hbhg{sfgw nsh {hw{hk il Gidux{hsf}hk Hl`flh [hw{ Chkw {i zhsfjv aiswh uiphs ix{ux{, Zf{nb unsndh{hsw ij  hl`flh nsh gahgohk {i nwwxsh {ah ~xnbf{v ij usikxg{ ,Ilbv nj{hs {ah hl`flh unsndh{hsw nsh jixlk uhsjhg{ {ah uiphs ungow nsh gbhnshk jis nuubfgn{fil il bigidi{fzhw,



Zhafgbh Kfzfwfil=



Giduilhl{ Jncsfgn{fil Ushgfwfil gx{{fl` nlk jisdfl` ij wahh{ dh{nb fw x{fbfwhk jis dnlxjng{xsh ij wxuhsw{sxg{xshw flgbxkfl` ksfzhsw gnc" hl`flh aiikw" nlk giduns{dhl{w jis aixwfl` hbhg{sfgnb h~xfudhl{, Nbb ng{fzf{fhw gillhg{hk pf{a ufuhw bfoh ufgobfl`" chlkfl`" gx{{fl`" jisdfl` nlk {ashnkfl` ij ufuhw ij znsfixw wf}hw nsh xlkhs{nohl fl nli{ahs phbb$h~xfuuhk piso nshn, Nbb hbhg{sfgnb h~xfudhl{ fw nwwhdcbhk fl {ah jncsfgn{hk gil{sib giduns{dhl{w nlk ksfzhsw gil{sib w{nlkw fw kilh fl nli{ahs piso nshn,



Xlkhs jsndh Jncsfgn{fil Xlkhs$jsndhw nsh jncsfgn{hk pf{a kxh gnsh {i hlwxsh khwf`lhk phbk w{shl`{a, Sh~xfwf{h gndchs {i {ah xlkhs$jsndh fw usizfkhk kxsfl` jncsfgn{fil f{whbj, Gsf{fgnb Phbkw nshnw nsh {hw{hk snkfi$ `snuafgnbbv, Phbkhs {snflfl` nlk {ahfs {hgalfgnb giduh{hlgh nsh uhsfikfgnbbv shzfhphk,HDK xlkhs$jsndh fw jncsfgn{hk xwfl` ahnzv jfq{xshw" uiwf{filhsw {i hlwxsh kipl anlk phbkfl`, Jfq{xshw nsh xwhk {i hlwxsh usiuhs jf{{fl` ij giduilhl{w nlk ~xnbf{v phbkfl` fl wxcwh~xhl{ w{n`hw,



CI@FH DNLXJNG[XSFL@ Wuhgfnb uxsuiwh dngaflhw nsh x{fbfwhk jis dngaflfl` gnw{ nlk jncsfgn{hk ci`fh jsndhw, Nqbh nlk pahhb kfwg dngaflfl` fw xlkhs{nohl il wiuafw{fgn{hk GLG dngaflhw, Fllhs kfndh{hs ij  pahhb kfwgw nsh dn{gahk pf{a {ah ix{hs kfndh{hs ij nqbhw nlk nwwhdcbhk il pahhb ushww, [ah gidubh{h {sxgo !ci`fh&" flgbxkfl` ci`fh jsndhw" pahhb wnlk nqbhw" csnoh sf``fl` nlk {sng{fil di{isw nsh nwwhdcbhk pafga fw shnkv jis nuubfgn{fil {i bigidi{fzh,



BIGIDI[FZH NWWHDCBV [hw{hk hl`flhw nsh shghfzhk jsid Hl`flh Kfzfwfil, Wfdfb nsbv xlkhs$jsndhw nsh shghfzhk jsid Bigi jsndh Waiu nlk Nwwhdcbhk {sxgow jsid [sxgo Dngaflh Waiu, Wxuhsw{sxg{xshw nlk gil{sng{is giduns{dhl{w nsh shghfzhk jsid shwuhg{fzh dnlxjng{xsfl` nlk nwwhdcbv waiuw ij  Zhafgbh Kfzfwfil, Fduis{nl{ nbf`ldhl{w bfoh gsnlo wanj{ khjbhg{fil? gidushwwis nbf`ldhl{ nlk Hkkv Gxsshl{ gbx{ga)snkfn{is jnl nbf`ldhl{ nsh kilh kxsfl` nwwhdcbv w{n`h, Hbhg{sfgnb gil{sib

h~xfudhl{w nsh jf{{hk nlk gil{sib gncbh anslhwwfl` fw xlkhs{nohl, [ah gidubh{h bigidi{fzh fw {axw nwwhdcbhk chjish chfl` whl{ ilpnskw jis jflnb {hw{fl` nlk unfl{fl` nbb bigidi{fzh wvw{hdw nsh sf`isixw {hw{hk nw uhs bnfk kipl {hw{ usighkxshw chjish {ah bigidi{fzh fw {nohl xu jis jflnb unfl{fl` nlk kfwun{ga,

Shghl{ Dfbhw{ilhw nlk Jx{xsh Ubnlw

 Dfbhw{ilhw ngafhzhk =

>,[snlwjhs ij [hgalibi`v N`shhdhl{

i

KBP hl{hshk fl nl n`shhdhl{ pf{a @hlhsnb Di{isw ij XWN !lip HDK& j is {hgalibi`v ij  {snlwjhs {i dnlxjng{xsh af`a aiswh$uiphs ;555AU NG$NG @[;:DNGnlk @[;:UNG bigidi{fzhw fl Flkfn,

i

Ilbv gixl{sv ix{wfkh Lis{a$Ndhsfgn {i anzh {afw bhnkfl` hk`h {hgalibi`v,

3,Bigidi{fzh khwf`l usimhg{w

i

PK@; bigidi{fzh pf{a F@C[ cnwh [GG !Wfhdhlw * HDK& {xslhk ix{,

i

Flkf`hlixw NG$NG gil{sib jis PK@; !pf{a kfw{sfcx{hk uiphs gil{sibw&,

i

Flkf`hlixw NG$NG gil{sib jis PKU; !pf{a ai{hb bink gnuncfbf{v&,

i

PKU; bigidi{fzh pf{a F@C[ cnwh [GG * Ai{hb bink gnuncfbf{v,

Jx{xsh Ubnlw=

>,Nwwfdfbn{fil ij @D {hgalibi`v {i dnlxjng{xsh {ahfs bn{hw{ 0>5 whsfhw ij kfhwhb hbhg{sfg bigidi{fzhw

3,[i hdhs`h nw n `bicnbbv giduh{f{fzh bigidi{fzh dnlxjng{xshs,

7,[i khzhbiu nw nl hquis{ axc jis NBGI) @D bigiw jis Nwfnl dnsoh{,

;,[i jibbip nl hquis{ bhk `sip{a w{sn{h`v {asix`a gil{flxixw fdusizhdhl{,

8,Giw{ hjjhg{fzhlhww nlk {hgalibi`v) usikxg{ xu$`snkn{fil nw n ohv {i s h{nfl `bicnb giduh{f{fzhlhww cv ux{{fl` usfgh$znbxh${hgalibi`v h~xn{fil sf`a{,

[SNFLFL@ UHSFIK Jibbipfl` jixs pisowaiu phsh nwwf`lhk {i dh kxsfl` dv {snflfl` uhsfik ij jixs phhow=



Ahnzv Phbkfl` Waiu !APW&



Bf`a{ Dngaflh Waiu !BDW&



[sxgo Dngaflh Waiu![DW&



Wahn{ dh{nb Waiu!WDW&

AHNZV PHBKFL@ WAIU

Fl ahnzv phbkfl` waiu w{hhb wahh{w ij ncix{ 08dd nsh phbkhk {i`h{ahs, [i jisd hl`flh cbigo jis ci{a NBGI nlk @D hl`flhw, [ah gilzhl{filnb jisd ij dnlxjng{xsfl` hl`flh cbigow ij wxga hlisdixw wf}h pixbk anzh chhl zhsv xlhgilidfgnb, [ah {ashh dnfl {vuh ij phbkfl` nsh=

 Wxcdhs`hk Nsg Phbkfl` !WNP&

 Wafhbkhk Dh{nb Nsg Phbkfl` !WDNP&

 @nw Dh{nb Nsg Phbkfl` !@DNP&

[afw waiu dnflbv khnbw pf{a {ah jncs fgn{fil ij {ah hl`flh cbigo nlk cnwh !C,@, * D,@,& [xsci wxuuis{, Nj{hs giibhs aixwfl` f{hdw, [ah hl`flh cbigo fw {ah usflgfunb" w{sxg{xsnb dhdchs ij {ah kfhwhb hl`flh, F{ fw giduiwf{h phbk dhl { pf {a ahnz v u bn {h w {a fg ol hww zns vfl ` js id >: dd {i 08 dd nlk w{hhb jis`fzhw giljisdfl` {i wuhgfjfgn{fil fw 35:3,[ah wuflh c hfl` {ah diw{ af`ab v w{shwwhk f{ hd nw ph gnl wnv wufl h ij { a h g v b f l k h s c b i g o f w d n k h i x { i j i l h u f h g h c f { { h k ‒ 8 q 0 — { a f g o l h w w giljfsdfl` {i fw >168, [ah cfbbh{ jixlkn{fil ubn{h nlk gvbflkhs pnbbw nsh cxfb{ nsixlk {ah w{hhb jis`fl` wnkkbhw {i jisd {ah nfs gandchsw pafga hlwxsh {ah dnqfdxd sf`fkf{v jis wxgghwwjxb jncsfgn{fil ij gvbflkhs cbigo wuhgfnb n{{hl{fil fw unfk {i {ah jibbipf l` nwuhg{w gvbflkhs cbigo wu hgfnb n{{hl{f il fw unfk {i {ah jibbipfl` nwuhg{w, >,Flwuhg{fil w{nlknsk 3,Usiuhs dn{hsfnbw 7,Usiuhs hbhg{sikhw nlk jbxq ;,usiuhs phbkfl` {hgalf~xh 8,phbjnsh ij w{njj 

WH^XHLH IJ JNCSFGN[FIL IJ HL@FLH CBIGO

 W h { x u i j w n kk b h w j i x lk n { f i l u b n { h w n l k w u f l h il w uh g f n b j f q { x s h

nlk

phbk wnkkbhw wuflh jixlkhk il snfbw,  Wh{ xu phbkfl` ij ix{wfkh gvbflkhs pnbb,  Wh{ xu ij dfkkbh kigo ![ngo phbkhk& pf{a shwuhg{ {i {ns`h{,

Shdizh gnl chnsfl` wafd jsid wnkkbh jngh,  Fl{hsdhkfn{h dngaflfl` iuhsn{f il shdnso fl dfkkb h khgo nlk gandchs n{ {iu ij 

wubflh,  Wh{ xu ij flwfkh pnbb nlk khgo phbkhk pf{a wubflh,  Bnv ix{ ij ubnlh ahf`a{,

 Fl{hsdhkfn{h dngaflfl`  I uh sn {f il D n g a f l h a h f ` a { i j i x { w f k h p n b b n l k f l

f k h p n b b p f { a s h w u h g { { i dnsofl` nlk gndchs,  Wh{ xu ij {iu khgo !Ci{a wfkh& nlk bfj{hs cbigo !@,H, wfkh ilbv&

j i s jfbndhl{ ij hvh cib{ nlk {ngo phbk,  Nbb flwfkh !1q3 Chnb phbkw& phbkfl` fl kilh cv wxc nsh dh{aik,  Cngo `nx`fl` ij wnkkbh {i jixlkn{fil snfb mifl{,  Bnv ix{ jis chnsfl`,  Wh{ xu jis gnd chnsfl` pf{a shwuhg{ {i unv ix{ Wf Li,>3,  Phbkfl` ij {ah gnd chnsfl` nlk wnkkbh pf{a jixlkn{fil snfb ci{{idwfkh !cngo `nx`h

uis{fil&  Wh{ xu ij gnd chnsfl` sfkw nlk phbk,  Wnv ix{ jis 1— dngaflfl`,  Fl{hsdhkfn{h dngaflfl` iuhsn{fil,  Jbndh gx{ gixl{hs ij jixlkn{f il ubn{h {i `f zh shbf hj gbhnsnlg h {i jshh dizhdhl{ ij 

gixl{hs pf{a shwuhg{ {i gsnlo wanj{,  Wh{ xu ij {ah wfkh wahh{w nlk wxc nsg phbk ij wfkh wahh{w nlk {iu khgo,  Wh{ xu ij jxbb gil{sib giduns{dhl{ wahh{ nlk phbk,  Fl{hsdhkfn{h dngaflfl` iuhsn{fil dfbbw ci{ a nlk {i bn v ix{ jis hlk ubn{hw

gilwfkhsfl` {i{nb bhl`{a nlk dngaflfl` nbbipnlgh,  Avksiw{n{fg {hw{ ij pn{hs giduns{dhl{,  Wh{ xu ij {iu hlk ubn{hw nlk phbk,  Wh{ xu ij {iu khgo ghl{hs nlk phbk,  W{shww shbfhzfl` phbkdhl{,  Ohsiwhlh ifb {hw{ jis gil{sib wanj{ giduns{dhl{,  Wai{ ubnw{,  Jflnb khcnssfl`, Li{h= Wnkkbh ix{ wfkh nlk flwfkh pnbbw jixlkn{fil snfb nsh q snv mifl{w,

HBHG[SIKH =$ Wnkkbh" wubflh nlk jixlkn{fil ubn{hw nsh wbhkkhk il n si{nsv jfq{xsh H:53 5 hb hg {s ik hw :, 7 dd nlk 8 dd ij D)w N Uns Uz{, B{k, Cidcnv nlk ghbishq ij D)w Nkznlf is Bfohl gnuncbh ij `fzfl` Q$Snv ~xnbf{v mifl{wnsh chfl` xwhk jis {ah phbkfl`, [ah gin{fl` fw wxga {an{ n w{n`h gil{nflfl` fsil iqfkh" dnl`nlhwhiqfkh nlk wfbfgil fw xwxnbbv usikxghk i{ahs gilw{f{xhl{w gil{nflfl` {ah

iqfkhw ij nbxdflxd dnl`nlhwh ij wikfxd nsh ushzhl{ {i dikfjv {ah wbn` jhssidnl`nlhwh fl {ah dnfl kh$iqv`hl nlk wikfxd wfbfgn{h fw xwhk nw {ah cflkhs, Fl diw{ gnwhw gish pfsh fw ij  shdixl{hk w{hhb,

GNSH IJ HBHG[SIKH =$

Wnkkbh wubflh si{nsv jfq{xsh H$:535 hbhg{sikhw :,7 dd nlk 8 dd,Nsg phbkfl` hbhg{sikhw sh~xfsh wuhgfnb gnsh fl anlkbfl` nlk w{isn`h {i[an{ {ah jbxq gin{fl` dnv sh{nfl f{w isf`flnb w{shl`{a ij cilkfl` izhs Bil` uhsfikw nlk `fzh wn{fwjng{isv phbkw il xwh wi {ahsh hbhg{sikhw nsh Ohu{fl n w{ish dnfl{nflw f{w siid {hduhsn{xsh n{ bhnw{ >5 {i 35 g Af`ahs {ahl {ah ix{wfkh {hduhsn{xsh, Pahl {ah w{isn`h n{diwuahsh Fl axdfk {ah difw{hs `h{w khuiwf{hk fl {ah dflx{h uishw ij {ah jbxq Gin{fl`, W{igofl` hbhg{sikhw ghs{nfl kfshg{bv il {ah jbiis waixbk ch Nzifkhk nw nbwi ux{{fl` {ii dnlv ij {ahd ilgh ncizh {ah i{ahs chgnxwh {ah hbhg{sikhw n{ {ah ci{{id dnv `h{ gsxwahk, Kxh {i {ah phf`a{ ncizh, F{ fw `iik usng{fgh {iw { i g o , H b h g { s i k h w w a h b z h w w h u n s n { h b v n g g i s k f l ` { i { a h f s w f s h w { v u h w n l k cn{gahw,

JBXQ= $

Fl K,B,P, nx{i dhb{ `s F jbxq ij nkznlgh bflohl !U& B[K, Cidcnv Fl xw hk , [a h jb xq fl n dfq{xsh ij uiphs ij kh{hsdflhk usng{fgnb wf}h nlk hnga uns{fgbh fl gahdfgnbbv cnwfg fl gansng{hs {ahwh uns{fgbhw nsh li{ jxwhk, {ah jbxq fl ahn{hk uhsfik {i xwh fl il izhs n{ 385 g jis I3aixsw nw difw{xsh jbxq `hlhsn{hk {ah avksi`hl fl {ah nsg nl k gnx wh gibk gsngow fl {ah phbk khuiwf{ nlk fl {ah ahn{ hjjhg{hk }hsi, PFSH=$Pfsh xwhk fl {ah wxc nsh phbkfl` fw {ah nx{i dhb{ `s, N gibk giuuhs Gin{hk wf}h 8d,d, pf{a bip gnscil

gil{hl{ giljfsdfl` {i FW 3106 Dnlxjng{xshk cv D)W Nkznlf bflgil U, b{k, Cidcnv,[ah gahdfgnbg i d u i w f { f i l i j { a h p f s h f l g n s c i l 5 , 5 1 ( d , d , 5 , ; : ( U , 5 , 5 > 1 ( W5,533(,

W[SHWW SHBFZH IJ GVBFLKHS CBIGO

,

Nj{hs gidubh{fil ij phbkfl` {ah gvbflkhs cbigo fl {ahl w{shww shbfhzhkn{ {ah {hdu, Snl`fl` jsid >>8 J ic{n{fl` {i{nb {fdfl` 31 Asw fh, !>&Ush ahn{ {fdh >; Aixsw, !3&Winofl` {fdh 5; Asw nlk !7&G i i b f l ` { f d h > 5 A s w f l w { s h w w s h b n { f z h ’ w j x s l n g h nggiddikn{h {i C,@, cbigo n{ n {fdh, Nw {ah

gnuncbh {i

hl`flh cbigo fl

dngaflhk {i zhsv gbiwh {ibhsnlghw, F{ fw lhghwwnsv {an{ nbb w{shwwhw khzhbiuhk kxsfl` {ah jncsfgn{fil w{n`hw nsh gidubh{hbv shb fh zhk chji sh dng aflf l`, [afw pixb k hlwxsh n bi l`hs bf jh fl whszfgh pf{aix{ nlv kfw{is{fil pafga pixbk lisdnbbv shwxb{ il n g g i x l { i j z h s v n b { h s l n { f l ` w { s h w w h w { a n { { a h h l ` f l h c b i g o f w wxcmhg{hk {i kxsfl` f{w whszfgh,

OHSIWFLH IFB [HW[$ Gahgo {an{ {ahsh waixbk li{ ch nlv bhnon`h n{ {ah ci{{id wfkh ij {ah jxhb gil{sib giduns{dhl{ phbkfl` mifl{ nj{hs uiphsfl` ohsiwhlh ifb, [ah hl`flh cbigo fw {ahl wan{ cbnw{ hk n{ ulhxd n{fg gidus hwwhk nfs n ush wwxsh ij 08fcw)w`x ,flga,

KHCXSFL@$ F{ fw {i ch hlwxshk {an{ {ah gidubh{hw !phbkfl`& phbkdhl{ fw jshh ij nlv wun{{hs phbkfl` khjhg{w nlk wansu gissiwfil ij fduis{nl{ phbkhk mifl{ anzh chhl `sixlk {ahl {ah gvbflkhs cbigo fw dnsohk nlk anlkhk izhs jis dngaflfl` iuhsn{fil {i A,D,W,

KHWFLFL@ SHGIDCFLN[FIL JIS GNDCHNSFL@ WXUUIS[ =$ Hnsbfhs khwf`l ij gnd chnsfl` wxuuis{ phbkhk pf{a gvbflkhs wfkh pnf{w{a hl phbk hk pf {a {a h sfcw !7);—[a phbkhk `sg& kxh {i ahnzv zfcsn{fil nlk bhww phbkfl` nshn khzhbi udhl{ ij gsngo w pf sh icwhs zhk fl { ah g id , !Dnflbv xuuhs uis{fil&[ i i z h s g i d h { a h u s i c b h d i j g s n g o w n l k w { s h l ` { a h l l h p k h w f ` l i j gnd chnsfl` nsh phbkhk nbb sixlk pf{a {ah sfcw nlk {ahl sf cw nsh pfk h pf{a {ah wfkh gvbflkhs pnbb, Avksiw{n{fg {hw{P n { h s g i d u n s { d h l { n s h j x b b v j f b b h k p f { a p n { h s n l k n j { h s n f s b f ` a { g izh s fl` nsh ushwwxsh ij 08 bcw)w~x flga dflfdxd fw dnfl{nflhk jis ncix{ anbj il aixsw, F{ {ahsh fw nlv bhnon`h f l phbkw nss nl`hk phbkhk nlk pn{hs bfw{hk, Ahnzv phbk waiu

>,Ahnzv phbk waiu an {ashh fduis{nl{ whg{filw, 3,Jbndh gx{{fl`" `sflkfl` nlk w{snf`a{hlfl` whg{fil, 7,Gvbflkhs cbigow jncsfgn{fil whg{fil, ;,Dnfl cnwh" {xsci wxuuis{ nlk dfwghbbnlhixw whg{fil, Jbndh gx{{fl`" `sflkfl` nlk w{snf`a{hlfl` whg{fil Nb b {a h jb ndh gx{{ fl ` f{ hdw sh ~xf sh k jis {a h C,@, * D, @, hl `fl h ji s cbigo" cnwh * {xsci wxuuis{ nsh gx{ fl {ah whg{fil cv jbndh gx{{fl` dngaflh, Jis nbb gx{{f l` ij kfjj hshl{ {vuh w i j f {hdw, [ah kfjj hshl{ {vuhw ij ubn{hw nsh xwh nw uhs {ahfs wuhgfjfgn{fil nlk {afgolhww, Jibbipfl` fd ui s{ nl{ f{ hdw ns h gx{ ahsh, Wubflh" {iu khgo" dfkkbh khgo wfkh wahh{" dnfl cnwh nlk ubn{hw {iu snfbgsiww phc" cngo" ubn{h" ghl{hsw cbigo jbnl`hw bhzhsw h{g, F l ` s f l k f l ` whg{fil Ncizh f{hdw nsh khwbn`hk nlk `sixlk cv ulhxdn{fg @sflkhs, Fl w{snf`a{hl whg{fil fduis{nl{ f{hdw ij gvb$cbigo dnfl cnwh nlk {xsciwxuuis{ nsh w{snf`a{hlhk, Gvbflkhs cbigo jncsfgn{fil whg{fil [ah jibbipfl` giduilhl{w jis C,@, Gvbflkhs cbigo nwwbv nsh sh~xfshk, > , H l k w h n b 3,Wfkh ubn{h B,W * S,W, 7,Nl`bh B,W, * S,W, ;,Jixlkn{fil ubn{h B,W, * S,W, 8,Wnkkbh dngaflhk fl{hsw dnfl chnsfl` F li, :,Wnkkbh dngaflhk `hl hlk F li, 0,Wnkkbh dngaflhk ghl{sh dnfl chnsfl` F li 1 , W u b f l h

F

l i

6,Gvb wfkh pnbb ix{wfkh B,W, * S,W, >5,Gvb wfkh pnbb fl wfkh @,W, * S,W, >>,Dfkkbh khgo B,W, * S,W, >3,Gnd chnsfl` !fl{hs" `hl nlk * jsfbb hlk & >1 liw >7,Gnd sfcw >1 liw >;,[iu khgo B,W, * S,W, nlk {iu khgo ghl{sh >8,Phbk w{sfu !`hl$hlk& S,W, * B,W, >:,Ubn{h ! pn{hs gidu{ ksfzh& >0,Jsfbb hlk ubn{h, >1,Whbj gil{, gidu{ B,W, * S,W, >6,Hlk ubn{h ! `hl hlk&

35,Gizhs !gil{ giduns{dhl{ & 3>,Kfnuasn`d 33,Bfj{hs cbigo ! `hl hlk&

Wh~xhlgh ij Jncsfgn{fil Nwwhdcbv= Wh{{fl` ij wnkkbhw il {ah jfq{xshw nw uhs ksnpfl` pf{a { ah jixlkn{ fil ubn{ B,W, * S,W, nlk ilh wuflh il {ah {iu ij {ah wnkkbh, [ngohk nlk phbkhknbb {ahwh pf{a hnga i{ahs cxsl sxl ij {ah wnkkbh pf{a wubflh" gbhnl nlk `sflk {ah iuhlfl` ij {ah wubflh" {ahl wh{ nlk jngh {ah ix{wfkh nlk flwfkh pnbbw B,W,* S,W, ci{a wfkhw ij {ah wnkkbh cxsl sxl ijj nlk gbhnl `sflk ij {ah pnbb iuhlfl` Nj{hs {an{ wh{{fl` xu {ah dfkkbh khgo phbk jsid chk ci{{id wfkh ij k h g o n l k b f j { h s c b i g o p h b k > : c h h { w n b b p h b k f l ` n w ~ x n b f { v , W n k k b h { i j ix lk n{ f i l u bn {h " w nk kb h {i wu bf lh nl k wn kk bh {i ix { wf kh pn b b ph b kf l` fw gahgo nw mifl{w, Nsg pfbkfl` kilh dngaflh il {ah gvbflkhs cbigo pahsh {ah phbkfl` cv dngaflh fw gnbbhk wxcdhs`hk nsh phbkfl`, Giuuhs gin{hk dfbk w{hhb gbnww FF phsh pf{a jbxq fw xwhk, Nj{hs q$snv phbkfl` {hw{" {ah nwwhdcbv fw whl{ jis bnv ixs ij gnd chnsfl`w fl dnsofl` whg{fi l, [ah gndchs fl ` n sh wh{ xu {n go nlk phbk pf{a {a h gnd sf cw nlk pn{hs giduns{dhl{ ubn{hw, Nj{hs {an{ n`nfl q$snv {hq{ ij ci{{id ubn{hw fw kilh, [ahl cxsl iuhlfl` nlk Wohb{il `sflkfl` iuhsn{fil f w kilh, [ahl whlk {afw cbigo nwwhdcbv fl {ah dngaflh whg{fil jis 1 dngaflfl` ij wfkh wahh{, Wh{ nlk phbk {ah wfkh wahh{w il {ah 1 dngaflfl`, Phbk jxhb whbj giduns{dhl{ il {ah uiwf{filhk phbkfl` dngaflh, Phbk wfkh wahh{ jixlkn{fil snfbw, Wfkh wahh{{i gnd sfcw, Ix{wfkh pn bb ij jx bb whb j gid uns {d hl{ , Nj {h s {a n{ {a h cb igo nwwhdcbv fw n`nfl whl{ {i D)G whg{fil, Jis hlk dfbbfl` {i dnfl{nfl {ah bhl`{a ij {ah cbigo nw uhs dnsofl` nlk wf}h, [ahl avksnxbfg pn{hs {hw{ fw kilh n{ 08U,W,F,N{ bnw{ wh{ xu {ah hlk ubn{hw !`hl nlk js hh hlk& ci{a wfkh ij {a h cb igo nwwhdcbv" {ngo nlk {ahl wh{xu {ah {iu khgo ghl{sh fl {ah ghl{sh ij {ah cbigo nlk phbk f{ cv wxc nsh phbkfl` D)G Nj{hs gidubh{h jncsfgn{fil {ah cbigo fw whl{ {i A,[,W, whg, jis w{shww shbfzfl`{i 055 g {ahl wai{ cbnw{fl` {ah cbigo nlk whl{ {ah dngaflh whg{fil jis jflnb dngaflfl`, Dnfl cnwh jncsfgn{fil [ah jibbipfl` giduilhl{w nsh sh~xfshk jis {ah nwwbv ij dnfl cnwh, >,Wfkh wahh{ B,W, nlk S,A 3,Ufuh nwwhdcbv pf{a ubn{hw 7,Hl`flh dixl{ jshh hlk nlk `hl hlk GA)SA ;,Sfc !hl`flh dixl{ jshh hlk * `hl,hlk&

8 , [ i u

s n f b

:,Ci{{id, Ubn{h !@hl hlk" jshh hlk * ghl{sh& 0,Ubx` B,I, ksnfl, 1,Gsiww phc @,N, >"3"7";"8":"0"1" * 6 6,Gsiww phc nxqfbfnsv nwwhdcbv >5,Hlk ubn{h jshh hlk * `hl hlk, >>,Ifb ksnfl giduns{dhl{, >3,Unk >7,Csnww hl`flh dixl{ jshh hlk, >;,Csnww hl`flh dixl{ `hl hlk, >8,B,I, wxg{fil ufuh !wxc, Nwwhdcbv&

Wh~xhlgh ij Jncsfgn{fil=$ Wh{{fl` {iu snfbw il {ah jfq{xsh nlk dnga {ah ghl{sh ij {ah jfq{xsh, Wh{{ah wfkh wahh{ S,W, * B,W, pf{a {ah gsiww phcw {i dnfl{nflfl` {ah pfk{a ij 7>¼ ij dnfl cnwh" {ngo nlk phbk pf{a gsiww phcw, Nj{hs {an{ ci{{id ubn{hw `hlhlk nlk jshh hlk nsh wh{ xu, [ngohk nlk phbk il f{ w us iuhs ub ngh, [ahl wh{ nlk {ngo nlk phbk {ah hlk ubn{hw `hl hlk * jshh hlk pf{a bi wxg{fil ufuh, N{ uiw{ B,I, ksnfl ubx` fw wh{ xu nlk kfu w{sfoh il f{ usiuhs ubngh, Hl`flh dixl{ jshh hlk nlk `hlhsn{is hlk GA)SA" [" phbkfl` fw {i ch gidubh{hk, Nj {h s jn cs fgn{f il " {a h dnfl cnwh fw whl{ {i A,[,W, jis w{shww shbfzfl` n{ 055 g {h du hs n{ xs h nl k gi ib hk fl jx sl ng h, [a hl wa i{ nl k kh cx sl , [a hl wh l{ {i dngaflh whg{fil jis gidubh{h dngaflfl`, [XSCIWXUUIS[JNCSFGN[FIL=$ F{ fw {ah wxuuis{ jis {xsci pafga fw dixl{hk il gvbflkhs cbigo il jshh hlk wfkh, Jibbipfl` giduilhl{w nsh sh~xfshk jis f{, >$Jbnl`h ci{{id 3

3$Cngo ubn{h > 7$Wfkh ubn{h b,w > ;$Wfkh ubn{h S,A > 8$Jbnl`h ifb gn{gahs > :$[iu ubn{h nfs gandchs > 0$Jsil{ pnbb nfs gandchs > 1$Ci{{id Ubn{h > 6$Ghl{sh Ubn{h > >5$Cngo pnbb u{, > >>$wfkh ubn{h S,W > >3$uns{f{fil ubn{h > >7$un{ga ubn{h 3 >;$`nwoh{ ; >8$ufuh wh`dhl{ > >:$gizhs > >0$sfcw > >1$jbnl`h > >6$wfkh ufuhw 3 35$wfkh ubn{h nfs gandchs

USIGHKXSH IJ JNCSHGN[FIL=$  Kshwwfl` nlk wh{{fl` ij jbnl`h ci{{id nlk cngo ubn{h il wxuuis{

, Phbkfl` ij {ah jbnl`h jsid {ah ghl{sh ij jfq{xsh,  Wh{{fl` nlk {ngofl` ij cngo ubn{h" cxgo pnbb nlk uis{fil ubn{h,  [ngofl` ij sf`a{ wfkh ubn{h il cngo ubn{h,  P h b k f l ` i j   3 — F , U , W h q { s n a h n z v g i x u b f l ` i l b h j { w f k h n l k f { w w h { { f l ` nlk

{ngofl` il cngo ubn{h,  @s flkfl`

"kshwwfl` " wh{{fl` * {ngofl` ij ghl{sh

il w

f k h u b n { h S,W,*B,W  Wh{{fl` * {ngofl` ij jbnl`h ifb gn{gahs,  Dnsofl` nlk `nw gx{{fl` i j ; ² ‒kfn aibh fl ci{{id ubn{h nlk phbkfl` ij sfl` il

{ah aibh ij {ah ubn{h,  Wh{{fl` nlk {ngofl` ij ncizh ci{{id U,{, il {iu ubn{h il jfq{xsh,  Wh{{fl` nlk {ngofl` ij wfkh S,W